電動車充電器11個故障如何快速檢修
1. 充電器不能充電,指示燈也不亮。
先檢(jian)查電(dian)(dian)源220 V 電(dian)(dian)壓是否(fou)正常(chang)(chang);如正常(chang)(chang),再(zai)(zai)檢(jian)查充電(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)源插頭(tou)與電(dian)(dian)源插座之間是否(fou)接觸良(liang)好(hao);如良(liang)好(hao),再(zai)(zai)檢(jian)查充電(dian)(dian)器熔(rong)絲是否(fou)熔(rong)斷。
一般情況下(xia),如果交流220 V 電壓正常,則可能是(shi)電源插(cha)頭與插(cha)座之間(jian)接觸不良,或(huo)充電器熔絲燒斷(duan)。
如果以上檢查均正常,則打開充電器的外殼(ke),檢查(cha)電路板高(gao)壓區附(fu)近的元器(qi)件是否虛(xu)焊,熔(rong)絲座是否正常,變壓器(qi)、晶體管等是否損壞。
2. 電源指示燈不亮,充電指示燈也不亮。
首先(xian)應檢(jian)查(cha)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)源插頭與市電(dian)(dian)(dian)220 V連接(jie)(jie)情況,如連接(jie)(jie)不良(liang),則(ze)打開充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)外殼,檢(jian)查(cha)熔絲;如正(zheng)常,再檢(jian)查(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸入線是否(fou)接(jie)(jie)好;電(dian)(dian)(dian)路板高壓區附(fu)近的元器(qi)件是否(fou)虛焊,熔絲座(zuo)是否(fou)接(jie)(jie)觸不良(liang)。
一般情況下,應注(zhu)意檢查變壓器、晶(jing)體管等易損元(yuan)器件有(you)無(wu)虛(xu)焊。更換(huan)上述損壞的組件,故(gu)障即可排(pai)除。
注意:上(shang)述元器件損(sun)壞時(shi),可能(neng)會同(tong)時(shi)損(sun)壞1到(dao)2 個,有時(shi)可能(neng)會同(tong)時(shi)損(sun)壞好(hao)幾個,檢修時(shi)需要逐(zhu)一檢查(cha)。更換(huan)這些組件后,才能(neng)通電。
3. 電源指示燈亮,但充電指示燈為橙色。
先檢查(cha)(cha)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)插頭與蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池盒(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)插座(zuo)是(shi)否(fou)松(song)動(dong);如無松(song)動(dong),再檢查(cha)(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池盒(he)上的熔絲管(guan)是(shi)否(fou)開路,熔絲座(zuo)是(shi)否(fou)松(song)動(dong);用萬用表(biao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檔(dang)測量其空載輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),正(zheng)常(chang)時(shi)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)應在35~44 V 的范圍之(zhi)內(nei);如不在此范圍之(zhi)內(nei),則可(ke)能是(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)線開路,應更(geng)換輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)線。更(geng)換時(shi),應注意原(yuan)機的正(zheng)、負極不能接反。
4. 充電器輸出電壓偏高(大于50 V)。
用萬用表檢測充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,如(ru)大于50 V,則(ze)可能(neng)是由(you)于取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻阻值改變或(huo)損(sun)壞。可通過測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源厚膜塊的(de)(de)取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是否正(zheng)常來進行判斷,一(yi)般是取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻損(sun)壞。如(ru)取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻損(sun)壞,則(ze)應(ying)更換同型(xing)號的(de)(de)取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。
更換后(hou),應重新(xin)用萬用表檢測充電(dian)器輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya),正(zheng)常值為41~44 V。如果有偏差(cha),需調整元器件,使充電(dian)器輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)持正(zheng)常。
5. 充電器無電壓輸出。
充(chong)電(dian)器輸入電(dian)壓正常,而無電(dian)壓輸出(chu),一般是充(chong)電(dian)器輸出(chu)部分銅箔燒(shao)斷所致。
此類故障多為蓄電池正、負極接(jie)反(fan)所致。重點檢(jian)查(cha)電源厚膜塊和保護電路(lu),更換(huan)損壞的組件,并將銅(tong)箔(bo)接(jie)上,即可恢(hui)復(fu)正常(chang)。
6. 充電器嚴重發熱,且有異常的響聲。
首先觀察電源指(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)和充(chong)電指(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)是(shi)否正常;如兩(liang)種指(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)很(hen)暗(an)且閃爍,則可能是(shi)充(chong)電器電路(lu)(lu)輸出級消振阻(zu)、容組(zu)件損壞(huai)或者是(shi)濾(lv)波(bo)電容開路(lu)(lu)或虛焊(han)引(yin)起。
若燈(deng)光(guang)閃爍,一(yi)般(ban)是電源厚膜塊損壞。應逐(zhu)一(yi)進行檢查,并更換損壞的(de)組件。
7. 充電器外形變形。
充電(dian)器(qi)外殼變(bian)形,一般是(shi)充電(dian)器(qi)嚴重(zhong)發熱(re)引起的,說明電(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)存(cun)在嚴重(zhong)的短路(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)。應重(zhong)點檢(jian)查大濾波電(dian)容、電(dian)源管和整流二極管是(shi)否損壞。如損壞,更換即可。
8. 充電器輸出部分銅箔燒斷。
這種故障(zhang)一(yi)般是由(you)于蓄電池(chi)正、負極反接造(zao)成的,應(ying)該先(xian)檢查充電器熔絲。如正常(chang)(chang),則應(ying)檢查電源厚膜(mo)塊和(he)保(bao)護電路,將斷銅(tong)箔連上可恢(hui)復正常(chang)(chang)。
若熔絲被熔斷(duan),則需要(yao)進一步檢測后逐一檢查大(da)功率電(dian)路和保護電(dian)路。如組件(jian)損壞應更換。
9. 充電顯示不正常。
蓄電池充足電后,充電器應(ying)當有(you)(you)顯(xian)示,一般(ban)是(shi)紅色(se)(se)(se)變綠色(se)(se)(se),有(you)(you)的是(shi)綠色(se)(se)(se)變黃色(se)(se)(se),表示蓄電池基本(ben)充滿。如果蓄電池在充電時發光管不亮(liang)或(huo)已經(jing)充滿而不變顏色(se)(se)(se),說明充電顯(xian)示有(you)(you)故障,應(ying)進行檢修(xiu)。發光管不亮(liang)的原因大(da)多(duo)是(shi)發光管本(ben)身問題(ti)或(huo)線路問題(ti)。
10. 充不滿電。
充(chong)不滿電(dian)的主要原因(yin)是(shi):充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)一(yi)段(duan)時(shi)間即自行停止,沒有(you)電(dian)流和電(dian)壓,一(yi)般是(shi)電(dian)路問題,大都(dou)是(shi)焊點虛(xu)焊,接(jie)觸不良或元器(qi)件失效等。這種故障在常(chang)溫狀態(tai)下正常(chang),溫度升(sheng)高后開始(shi)顯現(xian),有(you)時(shi)逐漸(jian)出現(xian),有(you)時(shi)是(shi)突然出現(xian)。
11. 充電停停。
與(yu)充不足(zu)電屬(shu)相(xiang)同故障,大(da)都(dou)是(shi)線路接觸(chu)不良。