由于密封鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的諸多優(you)點,因此(ci)獲得(de)了廣泛應用．然(ran)而密封鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術似乎不被看(kan)重,因充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式不合理而造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過(guo)(guo)早報廢的情況普遍存(cun)在．充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程分(fen)析:

1.維護充電:

      當電池電壓較低時(可設定,本電路預設在9V以下),充電器工作(zuo)在小電流維護充電狀態(tai)下(xia),工作(zuo)原理為U1C⑨腳(同相端)電位低于⑧腳(反相端),U1C輸出低電位,T4截止.U1D 11 腳電位約0.18V．此時(shi)充電電流約250mA(恒流電路由(you)R14,U1D,T1B周邊外圍電路構成,恒流原理讀(du)者請自行分析(xi))．

2. 快速充電:

       隨著維(wei)護充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)繼續,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐(zhu)漸升高,當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超過9V時,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器轉入大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)模(mo)式下,U1C⑨腳(同(tong)相(xiang)端)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位高于⑧腳(反相(xiang)端),U1C輸出高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位,T4導通(tong),U1D 11 腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位約為0.48V,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器恒(heng)定輸出約1A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian).

3. 限壓浮充:

      當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)接近充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)自(zi)動轉入限壓浮充(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)下(xia)(限壓浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓設(she)定為(wei)13.8V,如(ru)為(wei)6V蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),則浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓應設(she)定為(wei)6.9V), 此時的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會由快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)下(xia)逐(zhu)漸下(xia)降,至(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)完全充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)僅為(wei)10~30mA,用以補充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)因自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)而損失的電(dian)(dian)(dian)量.

4. 保(bao)護及充(chong)電(dian)指示電(dian)路:

    本(ben)電(dian)路(lu)設有反(fan)極(ji)性保護電(dian)路(lu),由D4,U1C,U1D,T1及(ji)外圍元件構(gou)成,當電(dian)池反(fan)接時,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)限制輸出電(dian)流不致發(fa)生事故(原理請讀者自(zi)行分析,或(huo)Email給(gei)作者).充(chong)(chong)電(dian)指示由U1A,D7及(ji)外圍元件構(gou)成,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時,D7點亮,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)進入浮充(chong)(chong)狀態后,D7熄滅(mie),表示充(chong)(chong)電(dian)結束.

5. 本(ben)電(dian)路略為修改電(dian)路參(can)數即可任意調整充電(dian)電(dian)流,浮充電(dian)壓以滿足不同規格電(dian)池的需要(yao).

6. 物料清單如下

注:CF=碳(tan)膜(mo)(mo)電(dian)阻;MF=金(jin)(jin)屬膜(mo)(mo)電(dian)阻;M.O.F=金(jin)(jin)屬氧化膜(mo)(mo)電(dian)阻

*表示可根據需要調整的元件．
有鑒于此,設計制作了一款二階段恒流限壓式鉛酸電池充電器.
7.實(shi)測充電(dian)器(qi)的充電(dian)曲線如下圖.

由于(yu)密封鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池的(de)諸多優點,因(yin)此獲得了廣泛應用(yong)．然而(er)密封鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池的(de)充電技術似乎(hu)不(bu)被(bei)看重,因(yin)充電方式不(bu)合理(li)而(er)造成電池過早報廢(fei)的(de)情況普遍存在．充電過程(cheng)分析:

1.維護充電:

      當電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)較低時(可(ke)設(she)定,本(ben)電(dian)路預設(she)在9V以下(xia)),充(chong)電(dian)器工作(zuo)在小電(dian)流(liu)維護充(chong)電(dian)狀態下(xia),工作(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)理為U1C⑨腳(同相(xiang)端(duan))電(dian)位(wei)低于⑧腳(反相(xiang)端(duan)),U1C輸(shu)出(chu)低電(dian)位(wei),T4截(jie)止.U1D 11 腳電(dian)位(wei)約0.18V．此(ci)時充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)約250mA(恒(heng)流(liu)電(dian)路由R14,U1D,T1B周邊外圍電(dian)路構(gou)成,恒(heng)流(liu)原(yuan)(yuan)理讀(du)者請自行分析)．

2. 快速充電:

       隨著維護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)繼續(xu),電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓逐漸升高(gao),當電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓超過9V時(shi),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器轉入大電(dian)(dian)流快(kuai)充(chong)模式下,U1C⑨腳(jiao)(同(tong)相(xiang)端)電(dian)(dian)位高(gao)于(yu)⑧腳(jiao)(反(fan)相(xiang)端),U1C輸出(chu)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)位,T4導通,U1D 11 腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)位約(yue)為(wei)0.48V,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器恒定輸出(chu)約(yue)1A電(dian)(dian)流給電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian).

3. 限壓浮充:

      當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)接(jie)近充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器自動轉入限壓浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)狀態下(xia)(限壓浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓設(she)定(ding)為(wei)13.8V,如為(wei)6V蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),則浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓應設(she)定(ding)為(wei)6.9V), 此時的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會由快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下(xia)逐漸下(xia)降,至(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)完全(quan)充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流僅(jin)為(wei)10~30mA,用以補(bu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)因自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而損失的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量.

4. 保護及充電(dian)指示電(dian)路(lu):

    本(ben)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)設有反極性(xing)保護(hu)電(dian)路(lu)(lu),由(you)D4,U1C,U1D,T1及外圍(wei)元件構(gou)成,當電(dian)池反接(jie)時,充(chong)電(dian)器限(xian)制輸出電(dian)流(liu)不致發生(sheng)事(shi)故(原(yuan)理(li)請讀者自行(xing)分析,或Email給作者).充(chong)電(dian)指示由(you)U1A,D7及外圍(wei)元件構(gou)成,充(chong)電(dian)時,D7點亮,充(chong)電(dian)器進入浮充(chong)狀態后(hou),D7熄滅,表示充(chong)電(dian)結(jie)束.

5. 本電路略為修改電路參(can)數(shu)即可(ke)任意調(diao)整(zheng)充電電流,浮充電壓以滿(man)足不同規(gui)格電池的需要.

6. 物料清單如下

注:CF=碳膜電阻(zu);MF=金(jin)屬(shu)膜電阻(zu);M.O.F=金(jin)屬(shu)氧化膜電阻(zu)

*表示可根據需要調整的元件．
有鑒于此,設計制作了一款二階段恒流限壓式鉛酸電池充電器.
7.實測充電器(qi)的充電曲線(xian)如下圖.