由(you)于(yu)密(mi)封鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池的(de)諸多優(you)點,因(yin)此獲得了(le)廣泛(fan)應用．然而(er)密(mi)封鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池的(de)充(chong)電技術似乎不被看重,因(yin)充(chong)電方式不合理(li)而(er)造成電池過早報廢的(de)情況普(pu)遍存(cun)在．充(chong)電過程分析(xi):

1.維護充電:

      當電池電壓較低時(可設定,本電路預設在9V以下),充電器工作在小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流維護充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)下(xia),工作原理為(wei)U1C⑨腳(jiao)(同相(xiang)端)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位低(di)于⑧腳(jiao)(反相(xiang)端),U1C輸(shu)出(chu)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位,T4截(jie)止.U1D 11 腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位約(yue)0.18V．此時充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流約(yue)250mA(恒流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路由(you)R14,U1D,T1B周(zhou)邊(bian)外圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路構成,恒流原理讀者請自(zi)行分析(xi))．

2. 快速充電:

       隨著維護(hu)充(chong)電繼續,電池電壓逐漸升高,當電池電壓超(chao)過9V時,充(chong)電器轉入(ru)大電流(liu)快充(chong)模式下,U1C⑨腳(同相(xiang)端(duan))電位(wei)(wei)高于(yu)⑧腳(反相(xiang)端(duan)),U1C輸(shu)(shu)出高電位(wei)(wei),T4導通,U1D 11 腳電位(wei)(wei)約為0.48V,充(chong)電器恒(heng)定輸(shu)(shu)出約1A電流(liu)給電池充(chong)電.

3. 限壓浮充:

      當(dang)電(dian)池(chi)接近充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)時,充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器自(zi)動轉入(ru)限壓浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)狀態下(限壓浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓設定(ding)為(wei)13.8V,如為(wei)6V蓄電(dian)池(chi),則浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓應設定(ding)為(wei)6.9V), 此時的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流會由(you)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)狀態下逐漸下降,至電(dian)池(chi)完全充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)后(hou),充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流僅(jin)為(wei)10~30mA,用以補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)池(chi)因(yin)自(zi)放電(dian)而損失的電(dian)量.

4. 保護及充電指示電路:

    本電(dian)(dian)(dian)路設有反(fan)(fan)極性保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路,由D4,U1C,U1D,T1及外(wai)圍元(yuan)件構成,當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)反(fan)(fan)接時,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器限制輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不致發生事故(原理(li)請讀者(zhe)自行分析(xi),或Email給作者(zhe)).充電(dian)(dian)(dian)指示(shi)由U1A,D7及外(wai)圍元(yuan)件構成,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時,D7點(dian)亮,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器進入浮(fu)充狀態后,D7熄(xi)滅,表示(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu).

5. 本電路(lu)略為(wei)修改(gai)電路(lu)參(can)數即可任(ren)意(yi)調整充電電流,浮(fu)充電壓以滿(man)足(zu)不同規格電池的(de)需要(yao).

6. 物料清單如下

注:CF=碳膜(mo)電阻(zu);MF=金屬膜(mo)電阻(zu);M.O.F=金屬氧化膜(mo)電阻(zu)

*表示可根據需要調整的元件．
有鑒于此,設計制作了一款二階段恒流限壓式鉛酸電池充電器.
7.實測充(chong)電(dian)器的充(chong)電(dian)曲線如下圖.

由于(yu)密封鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的諸多優點,因(yin)(yin)此獲(huo)得了廣泛應用．然而密封鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術似乎不(bu)被(bei)看重,因(yin)(yin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式不(bu)合理而造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過早報廢的情況普(pu)遍存在(zai)．充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)分析:

1.維護充電:

      當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較低時(shi)(shi)(可設定(ding),本電(dian)(dian)(dian)路預(yu)設在(zai)9V以下(xia)),充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器工作在(zai)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)維(wei)護(hu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下(xia),工作原(yuan)理(li)為U1C⑨腳(同相(xiang)端(duan))電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)低于⑧腳(反相(xiang)端(duan)),U1C輸(shu)出(chu)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei),T4截止.U1D 11 腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)約0.18V．此時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)約250mA(恒(heng)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路由R14,U1D,T1B周邊外圍(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路構成,恒(heng)流(liu)原(yuan)理(li)讀(du)者(zhe)請自行分析(xi))．

2. 快速充電:

       隨著維護充(chong)(chong)電(dian)繼續,電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓逐(zhu)漸(jian)升高,當電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓超過9V時,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器轉(zhuan)入大電(dian)流(liu)快充(chong)(chong)模式下,U1C⑨腳(同相端(duan))電(dian)位高于⑧腳(反(fan)相端(duan)),U1C輸(shu)出高電(dian)位,T4導通,U1D 11 腳電(dian)位約(yue)為0.48V,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器恒定輸(shu)出約(yue)1A電(dian)流(liu)給電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian).

3. 限壓浮充:

      當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)接近充(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時,充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器自動轉(zhuan)入(ru)限(xian)壓浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)狀態下(xia)(限(xian)壓浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓設定為13.8V,如為6V蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi),則浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓應設定為6.9V), 此(ci)時的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會由快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下(xia)逐漸(jian)下(xia)降,至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)完(wan)全充(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou),充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流僅為10~30mA,用(yong)以補充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)因自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而損失的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量.

4. 保(bao)護及充電(dian)指(zhi)示電(dian)路:

    本電(dian)(dian)(dian)路設有反(fan)極(ji)性保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)路,由D4,U1C,U1D,T1及(ji)外圍(wei)元件構成(cheng),當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池反(fan)接(jie)時,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器限制輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不(bu)致發生(sheng)事(shi)故(原理請讀(du)者(zhe)(zhe)自行分(fen)析,或Email給作者(zhe)(zhe)).充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)指示(shi)由U1A,D7及(ji)外圍(wei)元件構成(cheng),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時,D7點亮(liang),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器進入浮充(chong)狀態后(hou),D7熄滅(mie),表示(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束.

5. 本電(dian)路(lu)略為修(xiu)改電(dian)路(lu)參(can)數即可任意調整充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流,浮充(chong)電(dian)壓以滿(man)足不同規(gui)格電(dian)池的需要.

6. 物料清單如下

注(zhu):CF=碳(tan)膜(mo)電(dian)阻(zu);MF=金(jin)屬膜(mo)電(dian)阻(zu);M.O.F=金(jin)屬氧化膜(mo)電(dian)阻(zu)

*表示可根據需要調整的元件．
有鑒于此,設計制作了一款二階段恒流限壓式鉛酸電池充電器.
7.實測充電(dian)器的充電(dian)曲線如下(xia)圖.