由于密封鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池的諸多優點,因(yin)此(ci)獲得(de)了廣泛(fan)應用．然而密封鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池的充電技術似乎不(bu)被看重,因(yin)充電方式不(bu)合理而造(zao)成電池過早(zao)報廢的情況普遍存在．充電過程分析(xi):

1.維護充電:

      當電池電壓較低時(可設定,本電路預設在9V以下),充電器工作在小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)維(wei)護充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態下(xia),工作原理為U1C⑨腳(jiao)(同相端)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)低于⑧腳(jiao)(反(fan)相端),U1C輸出低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei),T4截止.U1D 11 腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)約0.18V．此時充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)約250mA(恒(heng)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)由R14,U1D,T1B周(zhou)邊外圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)構成,恒(heng)流(liu)原理讀者請自行分析)．

2. 快速充電:

       隨著維護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)繼續,電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓逐漸升(sheng)高,當電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓超過9V時,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器轉入(ru)大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)快充(chong)模式下,U1C⑨腳(jiao)(同相(xiang)端)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)高于⑧腳(jiao)(反相(xiang)端),U1C輸出(chu)(chu)高電(dian)(dian)位(wei),T4導通,U1D 11 腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)約為0.48V,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器恒定輸出(chu)(chu)約1A電(dian)(dian)流(liu)給電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian).

3. 限壓浮充:

      當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池接(jie)近充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)自(zi)動轉入(ru)限壓浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)狀(zhuang)態下(限壓浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓設(she)定為13.8V,如為6V蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池,則(ze)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓應設(she)定為6.9V), 此時的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會由快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態下逐漸下降,至(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池完全充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)僅(jin)為10~30mA,用(yong)以(yi)補充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池因自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而損失(shi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang).

4. 保護(hu)及(ji)充(chong)電指示電路:

    本電路(lu)設(she)有反極性保(bao)護電路(lu),由(you)D4,U1C,U1D,T1及外圍元件構(gou)成,當電池反接(jie)時,充(chong)電器(qi)限制輸出(chu)電流不致發生事故(gu)(原(yuan)理(li)請讀者(zhe)自(zi)行分析,或Email給(gei)作者(zhe)).充(chong)電指示由(you)U1A,D7及外圍元件構(gou)成,充(chong)電時,D7點亮,充(chong)電器(qi)進入浮充(chong)狀態后(hou),D7熄(xi)滅,表示充(chong)電結(jie)束.

5. 本電路略為(wei)修(xiu)改電路參數即(ji)可任意調(diao)整充電電流,浮充電壓以(yi)滿足不同規(gui)格(ge)電池(chi)的需要.

6. 物料清單如下

注(zhu):CF=碳(tan)膜(mo)(mo)電阻(zu);MF=金屬膜(mo)(mo)電阻(zu);M.O.F=金屬氧化膜(mo)(mo)電阻(zu)

*表示可根據需要調整的元件．
有鑒于此,設計制作了一款二階段恒流限壓式鉛酸電池充電器.
7.實測(ce)充電器的(de)充電曲線(xian)如下圖.

由于密封(feng)鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)的諸多優點,因此獲得了廣泛(fan)應用．然(ran)而密封(feng)鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)的充電技術(shu)似乎(hu)不被看(kan)重(zhong),因充電方(fang)式不合(he)理而造成(cheng)電池(chi)過(guo)(guo)早報廢的情況普遍存在．充電過(guo)(guo)程分析:

1.維護充電:

      當電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓較低(di)時(可設(she)定,本電(dian)路預設(she)在9V以(yi)下(xia)),充(chong)電(dian)器工作在小電(dian)流維護充(chong)電(dian)狀態(tai)下(xia),工作原(yuan)理為(wei)U1C⑨腳(同(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)端)電(dian)位低(di)于⑧腳(反相(xiang)(xiang)端),U1C輸出低(di)電(dian)位,T4截止.U1D 11 腳電(dian)位約0.18V．此(ci)時充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流約250mA(恒(heng)流電(dian)路由R14,U1D,T1B周邊外圍電(dian)路構成,恒(heng)流原(yuan)理讀者請自行分析)．

2. 快速充電:

       隨著維護(hu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)繼續(xu),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸升高(gao),當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超過9V時,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器轉入大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流快充模式(shi)下,U1C⑨腳(同相(xiang)端(duan))電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)高(gao)于⑧腳(反相(xiang)端(duan)),U1C輸(shu)(shu)出高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei),T4導通(tong),U1D 11 腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)約為0.48V,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器恒定(ding)輸(shu)(shu)出約1A電(dian)(dian)(dian)流給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian).

3. 限壓浮充:

      當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池接(jie)近充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器自動轉入限壓浮充(chong)狀態下(限壓浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓設定為(wei)13.8V,如(ru)為(wei)6V蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池,則浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓應設定為(wei)6.9V), 此(ci)時的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會由快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下逐漸下降,至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池完全充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)僅為(wei)10~30mA,用以補充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池因自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而損(sun)失的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量.

4. 保(bao)護及充電指示電路:

    本(ben)電(dian)(dian)路設有反極性保護電(dian)(dian)路,由D4,U1C,U1D,T1及(ji)(ji)外(wai)(wai)圍元件構(gou)(gou)成,當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)反接時,充電(dian)(dian)器限制(zhi)輸出電(dian)(dian)流不致發生事故(原理請讀(du)者(zhe)自行分析,或(huo)Email給作者(zhe)).充電(dian)(dian)指示(shi)由U1A,D7及(ji)(ji)外(wai)(wai)圍元件構(gou)(gou)成,充電(dian)(dian)時,D7點亮,充電(dian)(dian)器進入浮(fu)充狀態后,D7熄滅,表示(shi)充電(dian)(dian)結束.

5. 本(ben)電(dian)路(lu)略為修改(gai)電(dian)路(lu)參數即可任意調整充電(dian)電(dian)流,浮充電(dian)壓以滿(man)足(zu)不同(tong)規格電(dian)池的需要(yao).

6. 物料清單如下

注(zhu):CF=碳膜(mo)電(dian)阻;MF=金(jin)屬膜(mo)電(dian)阻;M.O.F=金(jin)屬氧化膜(mo)電(dian)阻

*表示可根據需要調整的元件．
有鑒于此,設計制作了一款二階段恒流限壓式鉛酸電池充電器.
7.實測充電(dian)器(qi)的充電(dian)曲線如下圖.