由于密封鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)諸多優點,因(yin)此獲得了廣泛應用(yong)．然而密封鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)技術似(si)乎不(bu)被看(kan)重,因(yin)充電(dian)方(fang)式不(bu)合理(li)而造成電(dian)池過早報(bao)廢的(de)情況普遍(bian)存在(zai)．充電(dian)過程(cheng)分析(xi):

1.維護充電:

      當電池電壓較低時(可設定,本電路預設在9V以下),充電器工(gong)作在小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)維護充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下(xia),工(gong)作原(yuan)理(li)為U1C⑨腳(同(tong)相端)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)低(di)于(yu)⑧腳(反相端),U1C輸出(chu)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei),T4截(jie)止(zhi).U1D 11 腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)約(yue)0.18V．此時充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)約(yue)250mA(恒流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)由(you)R14,U1D,T1B周邊外圍(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)構成,恒流(liu)原(yuan)理(li)讀者(zhe)請自(zi)行分析)．

2. 快速充電:

       隨著維護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)繼續,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸升(sheng)高,當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超過9V時,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器轉入大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流快充(chong)模式下,U1C⑨腳(jiao)(同相(xiang)端)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位高于⑧腳(jiao)(反相(xiang)端),U1C輸出高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位,T4導通,U1D 11 腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位約(yue)為0.48V,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器恒(heng)定輸出約(yue)1A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian).

3. 限壓浮充:

      當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)接近充足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器自(zi)動轉入限壓浮充狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(限壓浮充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓設定為(wei)13.8V,如(ru)為(wei)6V蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),則(ze)浮充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓應設定為(wei)6.9V), 此時的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會由快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下逐漸下降,至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)完(wan)全充足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)僅為(wei)10~30mA,用以補(bu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)因(yin)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而損(sun)失的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量.

4. 保護及(ji)充(chong)電指示電路(lu):

    本電(dian)(dian)路設有反極(ji)性保護電(dian)(dian)路,由D4,U1C,U1D,T1及外圍元(yuan)件構(gou)成(cheng),當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池反接時(shi),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)限制輸出電(dian)(dian)流不致發生事故(原理請讀者自行(xing)分析,或Email給(gei)作者).充(chong)電(dian)(dian)指示由U1A,D7及外圍元(yuan)件構(gou)成(cheng),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi),D7點亮,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)進入浮充(chong)狀態后,D7熄滅,表示充(chong)電(dian)(dian)結束.

5. 本電(dian)路(lu)略(lve)為修(xiu)改電(dian)路(lu)參數即(ji)可任(ren)意調整(zheng)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流,浮充(chong)電(dian)壓以滿(man)足(zu)不(bu)同規格電(dian)池(chi)的需(xu)要.

6. 物料清單如下

注:CF=碳膜(mo)電(dian)阻;MF=金(jin)屬膜(mo)電(dian)阻;M.O.F=金(jin)屬氧化膜(mo)電(dian)阻

*表示可根據需要調整的元件．
有鑒于此,設計制作了一款二階段恒流限壓式鉛酸電池充電器.
7.實(shi)測(ce)充(chong)電(dian)器的(de)充(chong)電(dian)曲線如下圖.

由于密封鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)諸多優點,因此獲得了(le)廣泛應用．然而密封鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)技術似乎不(bu)被看(kan)重,因充電(dian)方式不(bu)合(he)理而造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)池過早報廢(fei)的(de)情況普遍存在．充電(dian)過程分(fen)析:

1.維護充電:

      當電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓較低(di)時(shi)(可設(she)定,本電(dian)(dian)路預(yu)設(she)在9V以(yi)下),充電(dian)(dian)器工(gong)作(zuo)在小電(dian)(dian)流維(wei)護充電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)下,工(gong)作(zuo)原理為U1C⑨腳(同相端)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)低(di)于(yu)⑧腳(反相端),U1C輸(shu)出低(di)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei),T4截止(zhi).U1D 11 腳電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)約0.18V．此時(shi)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流約250mA(恒流電(dian)(dian)路由(you)R14,U1D,T1B周(zhou)邊(bian)外(wai)圍電(dian)(dian)路構成(cheng),恒流原理讀者請自行分(fen)析)．

2. 快速充電:

       隨著維護(hu)充(chong)電(dian)繼續,電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)逐漸升高(gao),當電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)超過9V時,充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)轉入大(da)電(dian)流快(kuai)充(chong)模式下,U1C⑨腳(jiao)(同相端(duan))電(dian)位(wei)高(gao)于⑧腳(jiao)(反相端(duan)),U1C輸出(chu)高(gao)電(dian)位(wei),T4導通,U1D 11 腳(jiao)電(dian)位(wei)約(yue)為0.48V,充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)恒定輸出(chu)約(yue)1A電(dian)流給電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian).

3. 限壓浮充:

      當電(dian)(dian)池接近充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)時(shi),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)自動轉入限(xian)壓(ya)(ya)浮充(chong)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)(限(xian)壓(ya)(ya)浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)設定(ding)為13.8V,如為6V蓄電(dian)(dian)池,則浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)應(ying)設定(ding)為6.9V), 此時(shi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流會由快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)逐漸下(xia)降(jiang),至電(dian)(dian)池完全充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)后,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流僅(jin)為10~30mA,用以(yi)補充(chong)電(dian)(dian)池因自放電(dian)(dian)而損失的(de)電(dian)(dian)量.

4. 保(bao)護及充電指示(shi)電路:

    本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路設(she)有(you)反(fan)極性保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)路,由(you)D4,U1C,U1D,T1及外(wai)圍元件構成(cheng),當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)反(fan)接時(shi),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器限制(zhi)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不致(zhi)發生事故(原(yuan)理請讀者自(zi)行分析,或Email給作者).充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)指示由(you)U1A,D7及外(wai)圍元件構成(cheng),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),D7點亮,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器進入浮(fu)充(chong)狀態后,D7熄(xi)滅,表(biao)示充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束.

5. 本電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)略為修改電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)參數即可任意調整充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu),浮充電(dian)(dian)壓以滿(man)足不同規格電(dian)(dian)池的需要.

6. 物料清單如下

注(zhu):CF=碳膜電阻;MF=金(jin)屬膜電阻;M.O.F=金(jin)屬氧化膜電阻

*表示可根據需要調整的元件．
有鑒于此,設計制作了一款二階段恒流限壓式鉛酸電池充電器.
7.實測充電器的(de)充電曲線如下(xia)圖.