由于密封鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)諸多優點,因此獲(huo)得了廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)．然而密封鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)技術似(si)乎(hu)不被看重,因充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方(fang)式不合理而造(zao)成電(dian)池(chi)過(guo)早報(bao)廢(fei)的(de)(de)情(qing)況普遍存在．充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程分析:

1.維護充電:

      當電池電壓較低時(可設定,本電路預設在9V以下),充電器工作(zuo)在(zai)小電(dian)流(liu)維(wei)護充電(dian)狀態下,工作(zuo)原(yuan)理為U1C⑨腳(同(tong)相端)電(dian)位低(di)于⑧腳(反相端),U1C輸出低(di)電(dian)位,T4截止(zhi).U1D 11 腳電(dian)位約0.18V．此時充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)約250mA(恒流(liu)電(dian)路由R14,U1D,T1B周邊外圍電(dian)路構成,恒流(liu)原(yuan)理讀者請自(zi)行分析)．

2. 快速充電:

       隨著維(wei)護充電(dian)(dian)(dian)繼續,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐(zhu)漸升(sheng)高,當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超(chao)過9V時,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器轉入大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)快充模式下,U1C⑨腳(jiao)(同相(xiang)端)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位高于⑧腳(jiao)(反相(xiang)端),U1C輸出高電(dian)(dian)(dian)位,T4導(dao)通,U1D 11 腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位約為0.48V,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器恒(heng)定輸出約1A電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian).

3. 限壓浮充:

      當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池接近充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)自動轉入限(xian)壓(ya)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)下(限(xian)壓(ya)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)設(she)定(ding)為(wei)13.8V,如為(wei)6V蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池,則浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應設(she)定(ding)為(wei)6.9V), 此時的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會由快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)下逐漸下降,至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池完全(quan)充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流僅(jin)為(wei)10~30mA,用(yong)以(yi)補充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池因(yin)自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)損失的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量.

4. 保(bao)護及充電指示電路:

    本電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路設(she)有反極性保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路,由(you)D4,U1C,U1D,T1及外圍(wei)元(yuan)件構成(cheng),當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)反接時,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)限制輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不致發生事故(原理(li)請(qing)讀者自行分析,或Email給(gei)作者).充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示由(you)U1A,D7及外圍(wei)元(yuan)件構成(cheng),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時,D7點亮,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)進入浮充(chong)狀態后,D7熄(xi)滅,表示充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束.

5. 本電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)略(lve)為修改電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)參數即可任意調整充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流,浮充電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓以滿足不同規格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的需要(yao).

6. 物料清單如下

注:CF=碳膜電阻;MF=金(jin)屬(shu)膜電阻;M.O.F=金(jin)屬(shu)氧化膜電阻

*表示可根據需要調整的元件．
有鑒于此,設計制作了一款二階段恒流限壓式鉛酸電池充電器.
7.實測(ce)充電(dian)器的(de)充電(dian)曲線如下圖(tu).

由于密(mi)封鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的諸多優點,因此獲得了廣泛(fan)應用(yong)．然而(er)密(mi)封鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)技術似乎不被看重,因充電(dian)(dian)方(fang)式不合理而(er)造成電(dian)(dian)池(chi)過早報(bao)廢的情況普遍存在．充電(dian)(dian)過程分(fen)析:

1.維護充電:

      當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較低時(shi)(可設定,本電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)預設在9V以下(xia)),充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器工(gong)作(zuo)在小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流維(wei)護充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下(xia),工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理為(wei)U1C⑨腳(jiao)(同相(xiang)端)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)低于⑧腳(jiao)(反(fan)相(xiang)端),U1C輸出低電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei),T4截止.U1D 11 腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)約(yue)0.18V．此時(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流約(yue)250mA(恒(heng)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)由R14,U1D,T1B周邊外圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)構成,恒(heng)流原(yuan)理讀者請自行分(fen)析)．

2. 快速充電:

       隨(sui)著(zhu)維護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)繼(ji)續(xu),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐(zhu)漸(jian)升高(gao)(gao),當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超過(guo)9V時,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器轉入大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流快充(chong)模式下,U1C⑨腳(jiao)(jiao)(同(tong)相端)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)高(gao)(gao)于⑧腳(jiao)(jiao)(反相端),U1C輸出(chu)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei),T4導通,U1D 11 腳(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)約為0.48V,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器恒定輸出(chu)約1A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian).

3. 限壓浮充:

      當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池接近(jin)充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器自(zi)動轉入(ru)限壓浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)狀態下(限壓浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓設定(ding)為(wei)13.8V,如(ru)為(wei)6V蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池,則浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓應設定(ding)為(wei)6.9V), 此時(shi)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流會由快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下逐漸下降(jiang),至電(dian)(dian)(dian)池完全充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou),充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流僅為(wei)10~30mA,用以補充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池因(yin)自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)而損失的電(dian)(dian)(dian)量.

4. 保護及充電(dian)指(zhi)示(shi)電(dian)路:

    本電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路設有(you)反極性保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路,由(you)D4,U1C,U1D,T1及外圍元(yuan)件構(gou)成,當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池反接(jie)時,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)限制輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不致發生事故(原理請讀者(zhe)(zhe)自行(xing)分(fen)析,或Email給作者(zhe)(zhe)).充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示由(you)U1A,D7及外圍元(yuan)件構(gou)成,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時,D7點亮,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)進入浮充(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)后,D7熄滅(mie),表(biao)示充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束.

5. 本(ben)電(dian)路略為(wei)修改電(dian)路參數即可任意調整充電(dian)電(dian)流,浮充電(dian)壓以滿足不(bu)同規(gui)格電(dian)池的需要.

6. 物料清單如下

注:CF=碳(tan)膜電(dian)阻;MF=金(jin)屬膜電(dian)阻;M.O.F=金(jin)屬氧化膜電(dian)阻

*表示可根據需要調整的元件．
有鑒于此,設計制作了一款二階段恒流限壓式鉛酸電池充電器.
7.實(shi)測充電器的充電曲線(xian)如下圖(tu).