電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯(xin)容量的多種化學(xue)類型電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，在不同的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)階段(duan)上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)可(ke)能會高于或(huo)低于電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。因此，需要對(dui)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)做(zuo)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)或(huo)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，以(yi)配合(he)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。例如(ru)，當(dang)為(wei)一(yi)個典型電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)1.25V的單芯(xin)NiMH（鎳金屬）電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，必(bi)須對(dui)3.3V的電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)做(zuo)衰減或(huo)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。當(dang)要為(wei)一(yi)個單芯(xin)4.1V鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)需要做(zuo)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。為(wei)解決這些(xie)問題，應用(yong)一(yi)種SEPIC（單端(duan)初級電(dian)(dian)感(gan)轉換器(qi)）作為(wei)主充(chong)電(dian)(dian)路徑(jing)。這種開關(guan)模(mo)式的DC/DC轉換結(jie)構可(ke)以(yi)同時在某個電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)區(qu)間(jian)內(nei)完成升降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工作，從而(er)提供了電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的靈活性。

　　鋰(li)離子(zi)與(yu)(yu)NiMH化(hua)(hua)(hua)學類型(xing)需要不同(tong)的充電(dian)(dian)曲線(xian)，但一個(ge)(ge)靈活的充電(dian)(dian)架(jia)構可(ke)以方便(bian)地用(yong)(yong)于(yu)兩種(zhong)情況。較為靈活與(yu)(yu)簡便(bian)的實現方式(shi)是，用(yong)(yong)微(wei)控制(zhi)器上的固(gu)件，從一種(zhong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學類型(xing)切換到另一種(zhong)類型(xing)。如(ru)果設計一種(zhong)模(mo)塊化(hua)(hua)(hua)的充電(dian)(dian)子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統，并將各(ge)種(zhong)功(gong)能封(feng)裝(zhuang)到各(ge)個(ge)(ge)模(mo)塊中，就可(ke)以根據系(xi)(xi)統需求，使用(yong)(yong)某個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)列中的不同(tong)微(wei)控制(zhi)器，實現相同(tong)的應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。模(mo)塊化(hua)(hua)(hua)的使用(yong)(yong)簡化(hua)(hua)(hua)了設計，開發人(ren)員(yuan)就能夠為其(qi)它主要應(ying)用(yong)(yong)增加電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)功(gong)能，如(ru)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)控制(zhi)與(yu)(yu)醫療測量等。

　　在控(kong)制充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)必須要確定出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流與(yu)溫度。確定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)狀(zhuang)態的(de)硬件對所(suo)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)類型都(dou)是(shi)共同的(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓可以高(gao)于(yu)(yu)或(huo)低于(yu)(yu)微控(kong)制器(qi)的(de)輸入(ru)范圍。因此，工程師們(men)(men)一般都(dou)會用(yong)(yong)一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻分壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，做電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓衰減。他們(men)(men)可以測量(liang)高(gao)側的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，即(ji)進入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流；也可以測量(liang)低側的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，即(ji)離開(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流；或(huo)者，在SEPIC情況(kuang)下，可以在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)的(de)次級端使用(yong)(yong)一只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)通(tong)常都(dou)內(nei)嵌有熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，可以用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)監控(kong)和確保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度的(de)精度。有些(xie)(xie)商用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)制造商為(wei)降低成本(ben)而省(sheng)略了這些(xie)(xie)熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。這種情況(kuang)下，用(yong)(yong)戶可以外接(jie)一只(zhi)熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，并使之與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)接(jie)觸(chu)。

　　采用這些測(ce)量參數，微(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器就(jiu)(jiu)能確定并控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的角度來(lai)說，不同化(hua)學類型(xing)之間的主(zhu)要區別就(jiu)(jiu)是充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線(xian)（圖(tu)1）。鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)采用的是恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線(xian)。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)在(zai)(zai)啟動時(shi)低于恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)閾值，則(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器會以少(shao)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，大約(yue)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量的10%。在(zai)(zai)這個預處理(li)階段(duan)(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)會隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)而(er)逐步增加(jia)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)達(da)到快充(chong)(chong)(chong)閾值時(shi)，微(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器將充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增加(jia)到約(yue)為(wei)100%容量。這個恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)階段(duan)(duan)一直保持下(xia)去，直到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)達(da)到規定的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值。然后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器進(jin)入(ru)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)階段(duan)(duan)，在(zai)(zai)此期間，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)減小(xiao)，同時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保持在(zai)(zai)規定的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)降(jiang)低到終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保持不變，而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程終(zhong)止(zhi)。

                                          圖1，從電池充電器的角度，鋰離子電池化學類型(a)與NiMH電池化學類型(b) 之間的主要差異是充電曲線。

　　在充電期間，電池中的電流隨溫度的變化而變化。如果有任何電池狀態參數（電壓、電流或溫度）超出了相應電池充電階段所規定的范圍，則電池充電器會停止充電做保護。

　　NiMH電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)前兩個(ge)(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)與鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)類(lei)似，即：20%容量(liang)的(de)激活段(duan)，以及100%容量(liang)的(de)恒流(liu)段(duan)。電(dian)(dian)壓下跌與溫度(du)下跌表明了(le)NiMH電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)恒流(liu)段(duan)結束(shu)，而電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保持(chi)恒定(ding)。在這次電(dian)(dian)壓下跌后，NiMH充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)曲線進入了(le)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)完成階(jie)段(duan)，在此期間，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)降(jiang)低到(dao)約5%容量(liang)的(de)涓流(liu)水平(ping)。這一階(jie)段(duan)提供一個(ge)(ge)恒定(ding)時間的(de)小(xiao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，直到(dao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)終止。

　使(shi)用(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)些充(chong)(chong)電(dian)需求(qiu)，就可(ke)以(yi)將(jiang)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)簡化為(wei)不同(tong)的(de)水平，方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)用(yong)一個預(yu)先定(ding)義(yi)了電(dian)壓、電(dian)流、溫度和超(chao)時等數(shu)值(zhi)的(de)狀態(tai)機(ji)。微(wei)控制(zhi)器(qi)的(de)狀態(tai)機(ji)控制(zhi)著(zhu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)狀態(tai)，以(yi)及(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)所需要的(de)電(dian)流量。圖2是(shi)一個可(ke)為(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)種電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)簡化的(de)狀態(tai)機(ji)。

                                                圖2，一個預先確定了電壓、電流、溫度和超時數值的狀態機，可以簡化鋰離子電池和NiMH電池的充電曲線。

　　根據所(suo)(suo)選(xuan)(xuan)擇的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)化學類型(xing)，微控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器會(hui)檢查電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)狀態機，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)的(de)曲線可以(yi)有預(yu)編(bian)(bian)程、啟動前或自(zi)動決定(ding)三種(zhong)形式(shi)。對(dui)于(yu)前兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，微控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器會(hui)從用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)輸入獲得(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)類型(xing)。對(dui)預(yu)編(bian)(bian)程情況，模(mo)塊軟件會(hui)選(xuan)(xuan)擇充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)類型(xing)，用(yong)(yong)所(suo)(suo)需曲線為微控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器編(bian)(bian)程。這種(zhong)決策方(fang)(fang)式(shi)適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)那(nei)些(xie)充電(dian)(dian)是附加功能(neng)的(de)應用(yong)(yong)。在這些(xie)應用(yong)(yong)中，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)類型(xing)是已知(zhi)的(de)。

　　在(zai)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)前方(fang)式中，微控制(zhi)器(qi)會(hui)做(zuo)一個附加(jia)檢(jian)查(cha)，這(zhe)種檢(jian)查(cha)可(ke)以簡單到(dao)在(zai)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時由微控制(zhi)器(qi)檢(jian)查(cha)開關的(de)(de)位置(zhi)，從而確定電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)(qu)線與(yu)選擇。對于自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)檢(jian)查(cha)方(fang)式，微控制(zhi)器(qi)會(hui)在(zai)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)后自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)地做(zuo)出決策，通過檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)類(lei)型(xing)而選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)(qu)線。例(li)如，一只單芯(xin)NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)典(dian)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范圍為(wei)0.9V~1.25V，而一個鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范圍為(wei)2.7V~4.2V。同樣，不同電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度范圍也有差(cha)異，微控制(zhi)器(qi)可(ke)以在(zai)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時保存和比較這(zhe)些數值。自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)檢(jian)查(cha)方(fang)案(an)只能用(yong)(yong)于某些情(qing)況。一般來說，預編程與(yu)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)前方(fang)法可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于大(da)多數應用(yong)(yong)。本文(wen)主要(yao)討論(lun)預編程決策，面(mian)向那(nei)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)附加(jia)功能的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)。

　　兩種化學類型都使用了相同的硬件，用于電池充電器的(de)檢測與控制（圖3）。要(yao)(yao)確定電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，就要(yao)(yao)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和溫度(du)以(yi)多工方式輸入(ru)到微(wei)控制器中(zhong)的(de)一(yi)只ADC，完成測量(liang)。固件使用這些數值確定出(chu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，通過(guo)(guo)改變PWM（脈沖寬度(du)調(diao)制器）的(de)占空比而(er)控制充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。PWM的(de)輸出(chu)連接到SEPIC中(zhong)MOSFET的(de)柵極上，控制流經電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。這些步(bu)驟都與CPU有關，因(yin)此(ci)會(hui)有一(yi)些延遲(chi)。有些電(dian)(dian)(dian)池（包括鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池芯）對過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)很敏感，在(zai)(zai)較高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)會(hui)變得不穩定。比較器增加了防(fang)止過(guo)(guo)壓(ya)和過(guo)(guo)流狀(zhuang)況(kuang)的(de)硬(ying)件保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。這些比較器會(hui)在(zai)(zai)必要(yao)(yao)時中(zhong)止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，直到用戶將其復位，或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池回到安全的(de)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)下(xia)。

                                                             圖3，微控制器根據所選擇電池的化學類型，用電池的狀態機控制充電電流。

　　兩(liang)種化學(xue)類型下，用于檢測和控制電池(chi)充電的(de)外(wai)部硬件是(shi)相(xiang)同的(de)。

根(gen)據測(ce)得的(de)參數值以(yi)及電池的(de)化(hua)學類型，CPU確定出電池的(de)狀態(tai)，并相應地改變PWM占(zhan)空比。按傳(chuan)統(tong)方法，CPU用于確定充電曲(qu)線的(de)條件都是代(dai)碼(ma)中的(de)常數，程序員要手工修改它們（代(dai)碼(ma)清單1）。

　　當(dang)需(xu)要修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)充(chong)電(dian)曲(qu)線時，將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)曲(qu)線設為0或1，可在兩個充(chong)電(dian)曲(qu)線之(zhi)間(jian)做切換。程序將(jiang)(jiang)針(zhen)對所有(you)狀態的(de)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流(liu)和溫度(du)極限保存為常數(shu)，并做相應(ying)的(de)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)。如果某(mou)種電(dian)池(chi)(chi)類型(xing)需(xu)要不同(tong)的(de)電(dian)壓水平(ping)，則必須修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)代(dai)碼，輸入(ru)新的(de)參(can)(can)數(shu)，這意味著應(ying)用的(de)用戶必須了(le)解修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)充(chong)電(dian)曲(qu)線的(de)代(dai)碼，以及(ji)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)限制條件。而采(cai)用模塊(kuai)化方案后，當(dang)選擇了(le)相應(ying)的(de)IP（智能產權）塊(kuai)時，就可以輸入(ru)用于修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)器曲(qu)線的(de)參(can)(can)數(shu)。圖4給出了(le)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)與NiMH電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)模塊(kuai)參(can)(can)數(shu)。

                                                           圖4，通過圖形用戶界面，輸入電池化學類型的參數極限值。

使用(yong)(yong)(yong)這些模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)后，應用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)設計(ji)者就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以為(wei)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)增(zeng)加充(chong)電器(qi)模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)，建(jian)立相應的(de)充(chong)電曲(qu)(qu)線(xian)。模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)還生成了(le)所(suo)有其它(ta)的(de)硬件(jian)塊(kuai)，包括比(bi)較器(qi)與PWM，以及軟件(jian)狀態機。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)重新編(bian)程的(de)架構時，如Cypress半(ban)導體公(gong)司(si)的(de)PSoC（可(ke)(ke)(ke)編(bian)程系統單(dan)芯(xin)片(pian)），就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以用(yong)(yong)(yong)軟件(jian)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)，對硬件(jian)模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)做(zuo)編(bian)程和實現。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)這種方式(shi)，開(kai)發(fa)人員可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)NiMH電池(chi)的(de)充(chong)電曲(qu)(qu)線(xian)為(wei)圖(tu)3中的(de)硬件(jian)編(bian)程。為(wei)產(chan)品增(zeng)加一個(ge)USB（通用(yong)(yong)(yong)串行總線(xian)）模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)，開(kai)發(fa)人員就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以將電池(chi)參(can)數發(fa)送給計(ji)算機。用(yong)(yong)(yong)C#語言(yan)的(de)一個(ge)軟件(jian)工(gong)具(ju)就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以繪出這些數據，當然(ran)也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)(yong)其它(ta)類型的(de)通信方式(shi)和相近的(de)工(gong)具(ju)。電池(chi)仿真器(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于模(mo)(mo)仿鋰離電池(chi)和NiMH電池(chi)，獲得實時的(de)圖(tu)像（圖(tu)5）。

                                                            圖5，電池仿真器模擬鋰離子電池(a)和NiMH電池(b)，獲得實時的圖形。

　　由于使(shi)用(yong)了電池仿真(zhen)器(qi)，電壓(ya)的(de)變化(hua)便產生(sheng)了電流的(de)開關(guan)噪(zao)聲。因(yin)(yin)為(wei)使(shi)用(yong)電池仿真(zhen)器(qi)的(de)電壓(ya)變化(hua)較(jiao)快，PWM輸(shu)出對一(yi)個電壓(ya)變化(hua)的(de)響應與安定(ding)時(shi)間可(ke)看作開關(guan)噪(zao)聲。一(yi)塊電池中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)電壓(ya)變化(hua)是漸進的(de)，因(yin)(yin)此開關(guan)噪(zao)聲在(zai)一(yi)塊實際電池中(zhong)(zhong)并不明顯(xian)。

　　通(tong)過對SoC（系統單芯片）固件的(de)簡單修改，就可(ke)以用(yong)相同硬(ying)件，開發出用(yong)于多(duo)種化(hua)學類型(xing)電(dian)池的(de)充(chong)電(dian)器。將充(chong)電(dian)曲(qu)線模塊做到元(yuan)件中(zhong)，便于主應用(yong)附(fu)加電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)的(de)功能。