電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯容(rong)量的(de)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化學(xue)類(lei)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，在不同的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)可(ke)能(neng)會高于或(huo)低于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。因(yin)此，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)做升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)或(huo)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，以配合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。例(li)如，當為一(yi)(yi)個典型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為1.25V的(de)單(dan)芯NiMH（鎳金(jin)屬）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，必須對3.3V的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)做衰減或(huo)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。當要(yao)(yao)為一(yi)(yi)個單(dan)芯4.1V鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)做升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。為解決(jue)這些(xie)問題，應用一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)SEPIC（單(dan)端初級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感轉換(huan)器）作為主充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)徑。這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開關模式的(de)DC/DC轉換(huan)結構可(ke)以同時(shi)在某個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)區間內(nei)完(wan)成升降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工作，從而提供了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)靈活性。

　　鋰離子(zi)與NiMH化學(xue)類型需要不同的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電曲(qu)線，但(dan)一個靈活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電架構可以(yi)方便(bian)地用于兩種(zhong)情況。較為(wei)靈活(huo)與簡(jian)(jian)便(bian)的(de)(de)(de)實現方式是，用微控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)上的(de)(de)(de)固件，從一種(zhong)化學(xue)類型切(qie)換到另一種(zhong)類型。如果(guo)設計一種(zhong)模(mo)塊化的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電子(zi)系統，并將(jiang)各種(zhong)功(gong)能封裝到各個模(mo)塊中(zhong)，就(jiu)可以(yi)根(gen)據系統需求，使(shi)(shi)用某(mou)個系列中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)不同微控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)，實現相同的(de)(de)(de)應用。模(mo)塊化的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用簡(jian)(jian)化了設計，開發人員就(jiu)能夠(gou)為(wei)其它主(zhu)要應用增(zeng)加電池充(chong)(chong)電功(gong)能，如電機控(kong)制(zhi)與醫療測量等(deng)。

　　在(zai)控(kong)制充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)必須(xu)要(yao)確(que)定出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)與溫度(du)。確(que)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀態的(de)硬件(jian)對所有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)類(lei)型都是(shi)共同的(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)高于或(huo)低于微控(kong)制器(qi)的(de)輸入范圍。因此，工程(cheng)師們一(yi)(yi)般都會用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，做(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)衰減(jian)。他(ta)們可(ke)(ke)以(yi)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)高側(ce)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)；也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)低側(ce)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即離開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)；或(huo)者，在(zai)SEPIC情況下(xia)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)的(de)次級端使(shi)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)通常(chang)都內嵌有熱敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)于監控(kong)和確(que)保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)的(de)精(jing)度(du)。有些商用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)制造商為降低成本而省(sheng)略了這些熱敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)。這種情況下(xia)，用(yong)(yong)戶可(ke)(ke)以(yi)外接一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)熱敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，并使(shi)之(zhi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)接觸。

　　采用(yong)這些測量參數，微控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)就能確定(ding)(ding)并控制(zhi)進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)角度來說(shuo)，不(bu)同化學類型之間(jian)的(de)(de)主要(yao)區別就是(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線（圖1）。鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)采用(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)恒流(liu)恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)在啟動(dong)時(shi)(shi)低于(yu)恒流(liu)閾值，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)會以少量電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，大約(yue)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量的(de)(de)10%。在這個預處(chu)理階段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)會隨(sui)著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)而(er)逐步(bu)增加(jia)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)達到(dao)(dao)快充(chong)(chong)閾值時(shi)(shi)，微控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)將充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)增加(jia)到(dao)(dao)約(yue)為(wei)100%容量。這個恒流(liu)階段(duan)一直保(bao)持下去，直到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)達到(dao)(dao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值。然后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)進入恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)階段(duan)，在此(ci)期間(jian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減小，同時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)持在規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)降低到(dao)(dao)終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)持不(bu)變，而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程終止(zhi)。

                                          圖1，從電池充電器的角度，鋰離子電池化學類型(a)與NiMH電池化學類型(b) 之間的主要差異是充電曲線。

　　在充電期間，電池中的電流隨溫度的變化而變化。如果有任何電池狀態參數（電壓、電流或溫度）超出了相應電池充電階段所規定的范圍，則電池充電器會停止充電做保護。

　　NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的前兩個(ge)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)與鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)類似，即：20%容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的激活段(duan)，以及100%容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的恒(heng)流(liu)段(duan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下跌與溫度下跌表(biao)明了NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的恒(heng)流(liu)段(duan)結束，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保持恒(heng)定(ding)。在(zai)這次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下跌后，NiMH充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線進入了充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完成階(jie)段(duan)，在(zai)此期(qi)間(jian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)降低到約5%容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的涓流(liu)水平。這一階(jie)段(duan)提供(gong)一個(ge)恒(heng)定(ding)時間(jian)的小充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，直到充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止。

　使(shi)用這些充(chong)電(dian)(dian)需求，就可以將電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)簡(jian)化為(wei)(wei)不同(tong)的(de)(de)水平，方法是(shi)用一個(ge)(ge)預先定義了(le)電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)、溫度和超時等(deng)數(shu)值的(de)(de)狀態(tai)機(ji)。微控制器的(de)(de)狀態(tai)機(ji)控制著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)狀態(tai)，以及充(chong)電(dian)(dian)所需要的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)量。圖2是(shi)一個(ge)(ge)可為(wei)(wei)這兩種電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)簡(jian)化的(de)(de)狀態(tai)機(ji)。

                                                圖2，一個預先確定了電壓、電流、溫度和超時數值的狀態機，可以簡化鋰離子電池和NiMH電池的充電曲線。

　　根據所選擇的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池化學類型(xing)，微控制器會檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)狀態機，控制充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)曲(qu)線(xian)可以有預編程、啟(qi)動(dong)前(qian)(qian)或自動(dong)決定三種形(xing)式(shi)(shi)。對于前(qian)(qian)兩(liang)種方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，微控制器會從用(yong)戶的(de)輸(shu)入獲得電(dian)(dian)(dian)池類型(xing)。對預編程情況，模(mo)塊軟件會選擇充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)類型(xing)，用(yong)所需曲(qu)線(xian)為微控制器編程。這種決策方(fang)式(shi)(shi)適用(yong)于那(nei)些(xie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是附加功能的(de)應用(yong)。在這些(xie)應用(yong)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池類型(xing)是已知的(de)。

　　在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)前(qian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式中，微控制器(qi)(qi)會做一個附(fu)(fu)加(jia)(jia)檢(jian)查(cha)，這種檢(jian)查(cha)可以簡單到(dao)在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)時(shi)由(you)微控制器(qi)(qi)檢(jian)查(cha)開關的(de)(de)(de)位置，從而確定電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線與選擇。對于自(zi)動(dong)檢(jian)查(cha)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式，微控制器(qi)(qi)會在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)后(hou)自(zi)動(dong)地(di)做出決策(ce)，通(tong)過檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)類型(xing)而選擇電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線。例如，一只單芯(xin)NiMH電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)典型(xing)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范圍(wei)(wei)為(wei)0.9V~1.25V，而一個鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范圍(wei)(wei)為(wei)2.7V~4.2V。同樣，不同電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度范圍(wei)(wei)也有差(cha)異，微控制器(qi)(qi)可以在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)時(shi)保(bao)存和比較這些(xie)數(shu)值。自(zi)動(dong)檢(jian)查(cha)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案只能用(yong)(yong)于某些(xie)情況。一般來說，預編程(cheng)與啟(qi)動(dong)前(qian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法可用(yong)(yong)于大多數(shu)應用(yong)(yong)。本(ben)文主(zhu)要討(tao)論預編程(cheng)決策(ce)，面向那些(xie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)是附(fu)(fu)加(jia)(jia)功能的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)。

　　兩種化學類型都使用了相同的硬件，用于電池充電器的(de)(de)檢測與控制(zhi)（圖3）。要確定電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)狀態，就要將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和溫度以多工方(fang)式輸入(ru)到(dao)微控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)一只ADC，完(wan)成測量。固(gu)件使(shi)用這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)數(shu)值(zhi)確定出狀態，通過(guo)(guo)(guo)改變(bian)PWM（脈(mo)沖寬(kuan)度調制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)）的(de)(de)占(zhan)空比而控制(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。PWM的(de)(de)輸出連(lian)接到(dao)SEPIC中(zhong)(zhong)MOSFET的(de)(de)柵極上，控制(zhi)流(liu)(liu)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)步(bu)驟(zou)都與CPU有(you)關(guan)，因(yin)此會有(you)一些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)延遲。有(you)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（包括鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)芯）對過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)很敏感，在(zai)(zai)較高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)會變(bian)得不穩定。比較器(qi)(qi)(qi)增加了防(fang)止過(guo)(guo)(guo)壓(ya)和過(guo)(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)狀況的(de)(de)硬件保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)比較器(qi)(qi)(qi)會在(zai)(zai)必要時中(zhong)(zhong)止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，直(zhi)到(dao)用戶將(jiang)其(qi)復位，或電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)回(hui)到(dao)安全的(de)(de)狀況下(xia)。

                                                             圖3，微控制器根據所選擇電池的化學類型，用電池的狀態機控制充電電流。

　　兩種化(hua)學類(lei)型下，用于檢(jian)測(ce)和(he)控制電池充電的外部(bu)硬件(jian)是相同的。

根據測(ce)得的參數值以(yi)及(ji)電池的化學(xue)類型，CPU確(que)定出(chu)電池的狀態，并相應地改(gai)變PWM占空比。按(an)傳統方法，CPU用(yong)于確(que)定充電曲(qu)線的條件都是代碼中的常數，程序(xu)員要手工修改(gai)它(ta)們(men)（代碼清單1）。

　　當(dang)需要修(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線(xian)時，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線(xian)設為0或1，可在兩個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線(xian)之(zhi)間(jian)做(zuo)切換。程序將(jiang)針對所(suo)有狀態的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和溫度(du)極(ji)限保存為常數，并做(zuo)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)修(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)。如果(guo)某(mou)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)類(lei)型需要不同(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)水平，則必須(xu)修(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)代碼，輸入新的(de)(de)參(can)數，這意味著應用(yong)的(de)(de)用(yong)戶(hu)必須(xu)了解修(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線(xian)的(de)(de)代碼，以(yi)(yi)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)限制條件。而(er)采用(yong)模(mo)塊(kuai)化方案后，當(dang)選擇了相(xiang)應的(de)(de)IP（智(zhi)能產(chan)權）塊(kuai)時，就可以(yi)(yi)輸入用(yong)于修(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器曲線(xian)的(de)(de)參(can)數。圖4給(gei)出了鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)與NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)模(mo)塊(kuai)參(can)數。

                                                           圖4，通過圖形用戶界面，輸入電池化學類型的參數極限值。

使(shi)用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)些模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)后，應用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)設計者就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)應用(yong)(yong)增加充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)，建立(li)相應的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線(xian)。模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)還生成了所有其它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)硬件(jian)(jian)塊(kuai)(kuai)，包括比較器與(yu)PWM，以(yi)(yi)及軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)狀態(tai)機。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)可(ke)重新編(bian)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)架構時(shi)，如(ru)Cypress半導體公司的(de)(de)(de)PSoC（可(ke)編(bian)程(cheng)系統單芯片），就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)應用(yong)(yong)，對硬件(jian)(jian)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)做編(bian)程(cheng)和(he)實(shi)現(xian)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)式，開發人員(yuan)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)NiMH電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線(xian)為(wei)圖(tu)(tu)3中的(de)(de)(de)硬件(jian)(jian)編(bian)程(cheng)。為(wei)產品增加一(yi)個USB（通(tong)用(yong)(yong)串行總線(xian)）模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)，開發人員(yuan)就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)參數發送給(gei)計算機。用(yong)(yong)C#語言的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)工(gong)具就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)繪出(chu)這(zhe)(zhe)些數據，當(dang)然也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)其它(ta)類型的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)信方(fang)式和(he)相近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)具。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)仿真器用(yong)(yong)于模(mo)仿鋰離電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)NiMH電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，獲得實(shi)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)像(xiang)（圖(tu)(tu)5）。

                                                            圖5，電池仿真器模擬鋰離子電池(a)和NiMH電池(b)，獲得實時的圖形。

　　由于使用了電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)仿(fang)真器，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)便產生(sheng)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)開關噪聲(sheng)。因為使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)仿(fang)真器的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變化(hua)(hua)較快，PWM輸出對一(yi)(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)響應(ying)與(yu)安定時間(jian)可看(kan)作開關噪聲(sheng)。一(yi)(yi)塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變化(hua)(hua)是漸進的(de)(de)(de)(de)，因此開關噪聲(sheng)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)塊實際電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中并不明(ming)顯。

　　通過對SoC（系統單芯片(pian)）固件(jian)的簡單修改，就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)用相同硬件(jian)，開(kai)發(fa)出用于多種化學類(lei)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器。將(jiang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線模塊做(zuo)到元件(jian)中，便于主應用附加電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的功能(neng)。