電(dian)(dian)(dian)池芯(xin)容量的多種化學類型電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，在(zai)不同(tong)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階段上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可能會(hui)高于或低于電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。因(yin)此(ci)，需要對電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)做(zuo)(zuo)升壓(ya)(ya)或降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)，以配(pei)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。例如，當(dang)為一(yi)個典型電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為1.25V的單(dan)芯(xin)NiMH（鎳金屬）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，必須(xu)對3.3V的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源做(zuo)(zuo)衰減或降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)。當(dang)要為一(yi)個單(dan)芯(xin)4.1V鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)需要做(zuo)(zuo)升壓(ya)(ya)。為解決這(zhe)(zhe)些問題，應用一(yi)種SEPIC（單(dan)端初級電(dian)(dian)(dian)感轉(zhuan)換(huan)器）作為主充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路徑。這(zhe)(zhe)種開(kai)關模式的DC/DC轉(zhuan)換(huan)結構可以同(tong)時(shi)在(zai)某個電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)區間內完成升降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)工作，從而提供(gong)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的靈活(huo)性。

　　鋰離子(zi)與(yu)(yu)NiMH化(hua)學類型(xing)(xing)(xing)需要不同(tong)的充電(dian)(dian)曲線，但一(yi)個(ge)(ge)靈(ling)活的充電(dian)(dian)架構可以方(fang)便地用于兩種情(qing)況(kuang)。較(jiao)為靈(ling)活與(yu)(yu)簡(jian)(jian)便的實現方(fang)式是，用微控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器上的固件，從一(yi)種化(hua)學類型(xing)(xing)(xing)切換到另一(yi)種類型(xing)(xing)(xing)。如(ru)果(guo)設計一(yi)種模塊化(hua)的充電(dian)(dian)子(zi)系(xi)統(tong)，并將各種功(gong)能(neng)封裝到各個(ge)(ge)模塊中，就可以根據(ju)系(xi)統(tong)需求，使用某個(ge)(ge)系(xi)列(lie)中的不同(tong)微控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器，實現相(xiang)同(tong)的應用。模塊化(hua)的使用簡(jian)(jian)化(hua)了設計，開發(fa)人員就能(neng)夠(gou)為其它主要應用增(zeng)加電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)功(gong)能(neng)，如(ru)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)(yu)醫療測量等。

　　在(zai)控(kong)制充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器必須要確定(ding)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流與(yu)(yu)溫度(du)(du)(du)。確定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)狀態的(de)硬件(jian)對所有電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)類型都是(shi)共同的(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可(ke)以(yi)高(gao)(gao)于或低(di)(di)于微控(kong)制器的(de)輸入范圍。因此，工程師(shi)們一(yi)(yi)般都會用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)分(fen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，做電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)衰減(jian)。他(ta)們可(ke)以(yi)測量高(gao)(gao)側的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，即(ji)進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流；也可(ke)以(yi)測量低(di)(di)側的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，即(ji)離開電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流；或者，在(zai)SEPIC情況(kuang)下，可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感的(de)次(ci)級端使(shi)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)只電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)通常都內(nei)嵌(qian)有熱(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)于監(jian)控(kong)和(he)確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)(du)(du)的(de)精度(du)(du)(du)。有些商(shang)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)制造商(shang)為降低(di)(di)成本而省略了這些熱(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)。這種(zhong)情況(kuang)下，用(yong)(yong)戶可(ke)以(yi)外(wai)接一(yi)(yi)只熱(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，并使(shi)之與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)接觸(chu)。

　　采用這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)測量參數，微控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)就能(neng)確定(ding)(ding)并(bing)控(kong)制(zhi)進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)角度來(lai)說(shuo)，不同化學類(lei)型之間的(de)(de)主要區(qu)別(bie)就是(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線(xian)（圖(tu)1）。鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)采用的(de)(de)是(shi)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)恒(heng)壓(ya)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線(xian)。如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)啟動時低(di)于恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)閾值(zhi)，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)會以少量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，大約為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量的(de)(de)10%。在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)個預處理階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會隨著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)而逐步(bu)增加(jia)(jia)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到快充(chong)(chong)閾值(zhi)時，微控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)將充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)增加(jia)(jia)到約為100%容(rong)量。這(zhe)(zhe)個恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)一直保(bao)(bao)(bao)持下去(qu)，直到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)。然后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)進入恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，在(zai)此期間，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)減小，同時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)(bao)(bao)持在(zai)規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)降低(di)到終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)(bao)(bao)持不變，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程終止(zhi)。

                                          圖1，從電池充電器的角度，鋰離子電池化學類型(a)與NiMH電池化學類型(b) 之間的主要差異是充電曲線。

　　在充電期間，電池中的電流隨溫度的變化而變化。如果有任何電池狀態參數（電壓、電流或溫度）超出了相應電池充電階段所規定的范圍，則電池充電器會停止充電做保護。

　　NiMH電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)前(qian)兩個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)與鋰(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)類似，即：20%容量的(de)(de)激活段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，以及(ji)100%容量的(de)(de)恒(heng)(heng)流段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。電(dian)壓下(xia)跌與溫度下(xia)跌表明了(le)NiMH電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)恒(heng)(heng)流段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)結(jie)束，而電(dian)流保持恒(heng)(heng)定。在這次電(dian)壓下(xia)跌后(hou)，NiMH充(chong)電(dian)器的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)曲線(xian)進入了(le)充(chong)電(dian)完成(cheng)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，在此期間(jian)，電(dian)流降低到約5%容量的(de)(de)涓流水平。這一階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)提供一個(ge)恒(heng)(heng)定時間(jian)的(de)(de)小(xiao)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流，直到充(chong)電(dian)終止(zhi)。

　使用(yong)這(zhe)些(xie)充電(dian)需求，就可(ke)以將電(dian)池充電(dian)過程簡化為(wei)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平，方法是(shi)用(yong)一(yi)個(ge)預先定義了電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流、溫度和超時等數值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)機。微控(kong)制器的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)機控(kong)制著電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，以及充電(dian)所需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流量。圖2是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)可(ke)為(wei)這(zhe)兩種電(dian)池充電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)簡化的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)機。

                                                圖2，一個預先確定了電壓、電流、溫度和超時數值的狀態機，可以簡化鋰離子電池和NiMH電池的充電曲線。

　　根據所選(xuan)擇的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)化學(xue)類型，微(wei)控(kong)制器(qi)會檢(jian)查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)狀態機，控(kong)制充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)曲線可以有預編(bian)程、啟(qi)動(dong)前(qian)或自(zi)動(dong)決定三種形式(shi)。對于前(qian)兩種方式(shi)，微(wei)控(kong)制器(qi)會從(cong)用戶的(de)輸入獲得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)類型。對預編(bian)程情況，模塊軟件會選(xuan)擇充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)類型，用所需曲線為微(wei)控(kong)制器(qi)編(bian)程。這種決策方式(shi)適用于那(nei)些充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是附加(jia)功能的(de)應用。在(zai)這些應用中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)類型是已知的(de)。

　　在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)前(qian)方(fang)式(shi)中，微(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)器會做(zuo)一個附加檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)可(ke)以(yi)簡單到在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)由(you)微(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)器檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)開關的(de)位(wei)置，從而確定電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線與選(xuan)擇。對于自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)方(fang)式(shi)，微(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)器會在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)后自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)地做(zuo)出決策(ce)(ce)，通過檢(jian)(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)類型而選(xuan)擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線。例如，一只(zhi)單芯NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)典型電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范(fan)圍為0.9V~1.25V，而一個鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池芯的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范(fan)圍為2.7V~4.2V。同(tong)樣(yang)，不同(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)溫度范(fan)圍也(ye)有差異，微(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)器可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)保存和比較這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)數值。自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)方(fang)案只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)用于某些(xie)情況。一般(ban)來(lai)說，預(yu)(yu)編程與啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)前(qian)方(fang)法可(ke)用于大多數應用。本文主要(yao)討論預(yu)(yu)編程決策(ce)(ce)，面向那些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)是附加功能(neng)(neng)的(de)應用。

　　兩種化學類型都使用了相同的硬件，用于電池充電器的(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)與控制（圖3）。要(yao)(yao)確定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)狀態，就要(yao)(yao)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)溫度以(yi)多工方式輸(shu)入到(dao)(dao)微控制器(qi)中的(de)(de)一只ADC，完成(cheng)測(ce)量(liang)。固件使用這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)數值確定(ding)出狀態，通(tong)過(guo)改變PWM（脈沖(chong)寬度調制器(qi)）的(de)(de)占空比(bi)(bi)而控制充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。PWM的(de)(de)輸(shu)出連接到(dao)(dao)SEPIC中MOSFET的(de)(de)柵極上，控制流(liu)經(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)步驟都與CPU有(you)關(guan)，因此會(hui)有(you)一些(xie)(xie)延遲。有(you)些(xie)(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池（包括(kuo)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池芯）對過(guo)充很敏感，在(zai)較高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下會(hui)變得不穩(wen)定(ding)。比(bi)(bi)較器(qi)增加了防止過(guo)壓和(he)過(guo)流(liu)狀況(kuang)的(de)(de)硬件保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)比(bi)(bi)較器(qi)會(hui)在(zai)必要(yao)(yao)時(shi)中止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直到(dao)(dao)用戶將其復位，或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池回到(dao)(dao)安全(quan)的(de)(de)狀況(kuang)下。

                                                             圖3，微控制器根據所選擇電池的化學類型，用電池的狀態機控制充電電流。

　　兩種(zhong)化學類型下，用于檢測和控制電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)的外部硬件是相同的。

根(gen)據測得的(de)參數值(zhi)以(yi)及電池的(de)化學類型，CPU確定出電池的(de)狀態(tai)，并(bing)相應地改變PWM占(zhan)空比。按傳統方法，CPU用于確定充電曲線的(de)條(tiao)件都是(shi)代(dai)碼中的(de)常數，程序員要(yao)手工修改它們（代(dai)碼清單1）。

　　當(dang)需要修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)時，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)設為0或1，可在兩個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)之間做切換(huan)。程序(xu)將針對所(suo)有狀態(tai)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和溫度極(ji)限保存為常數，并做相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)。如果某種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)類型需要不同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓水平，則必(bi)(bi)須修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)代(dai)(dai)碼，輸(shu)入新的(de)(de)參數，這(zhe)意(yi)味(wei)著應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)用(yong)戶(hu)必(bi)(bi)須了(le)解修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)的(de)(de)代(dai)(dai)碼，以及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)限制條件。而采用(yong)模塊化方(fang)案(an)后，當(dang)選擇(ze)了(le)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)IP（智能產權）塊時，就可以輸(shu)入用(yong)于修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)的(de)(de)參數。圖(tu)4給出(chu)了(le)鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)與NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)模塊參數。

                                                           圖4，通過圖形用戶界面，輸入電池化學類型的參數極限值。

使用(yong)(yong)(yong)這些(xie)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)后(hou)，應用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)設計者就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)為應用(yong)(yong)(yong)增(zeng)加充電(dian)器(qi)(qi)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)，建立相應的(de)(de)充電(dian)曲線(xian)。模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)還生成了所有其它的(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)件(jian)(jian)塊(kuai)(kuai)，包括比(bi)較器(qi)(qi)與PWM，以(yi)(yi)及軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)狀態機(ji)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)重新編程的(de)(de)架構時，如Cypress半導體公司的(de)(de)PSoC（可(ke)(ke)編程系統(tong)單芯片），就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)，對(dui)硬(ying)(ying)件(jian)(jian)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)做編程和實現。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)方(fang)式，開(kai)發人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)NiMH電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充電(dian)曲線(xian)為圖3中的(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)件(jian)(jian)編程。為產(chan)品增(zeng)加一(yi)個USB（通用(yong)(yong)(yong)串行總線(xian)）模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)，開(kai)發人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)將(jiang)電(dian)池(chi)參數(shu)發送給計算機(ji)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)C#語(yu)言的(de)(de)一(yi)個軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)(jian)工具就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)繪出(chu)這些(xie)數(shu)據，當然也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)其它類型的(de)(de)通信方(fang)式和相近的(de)(de)工具。電(dian)池(chi)仿真(zhen)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)模(mo)仿鋰離電(dian)池(chi)和NiMH電(dian)池(chi)，獲得實時的(de)(de)圖像（圖5）。

                                                            圖5，電池仿真器模擬鋰離子電池(a)和NiMH電池(b)，獲得實時的圖形。

　　由于使(shi)用(yong)了電(dian)池(chi)仿真器，電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的變化便產生了電(dian)流的開關(guan)噪聲。因為使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)池(chi)仿真器的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變化較快，PWM輸出對一個電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變化的響應與安定時間可看作開關(guan)噪聲。一塊(kuai)(kuai)電(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變化是漸進的，因此開關(guan)噪聲在一塊(kuai)(kuai)實(shi)際(ji)電(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)并不明顯。

　　通(tong)過(guo)對SoC（系統單(dan)芯(xin)片(pian)）固件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)簡單(dan)修改(gai)，就可以用(yong)相同硬件(jian)(jian)，開發(fa)出用(yong)于(yu)多(duo)種化學(xue)類型電(dian)池的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)器。將充(chong)電(dian)曲線模塊(kuai)做(zuo)到元件(jian)(jian)中，便(bian)于(yu)主(zhu)應(ying)用(yong)附(fu)加電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)功能(neng)。