電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池芯容量(liang)的(de)多種化學類型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，在不同(tong)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可能(neng)會高于或低于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。因此，需要對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)做(zuo)升壓(ya)(ya)或降壓(ya)(ya)，以配合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。例如，當為一(yi)(yi)個(ge)典型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為1.25V的(de)單芯NiMH（鎳金屬）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，必須(xu)對3.3V的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源做(zuo)衰減或降壓(ya)(ya)。當要為一(yi)(yi)個(ge)單芯4.1V鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)需要做(zuo)升壓(ya)(ya)。為解決(jue)這些問題，應用一(yi)(yi)種SEPIC（單端初級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感轉(zhuan)換器）作為主充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路徑。這種開(kai)關模式的(de)DC/DC轉(zhuan)換結構(gou)可以同(tong)時(shi)在某個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)區間內完成升降壓(ya)(ya)工作，從而提供了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)靈活性。

　　鋰離子(zi)與NiMH化(hua)學(xue)類型需要不同的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)曲線，但一(yi)個靈活的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)架(jia)構可以(yi)方便(bian)地(di)用(yong)于兩種(zhong)情況(kuang)。較為靈活與簡便(bian)的(de)(de)實現方式是(shi)，用(yong)微控制器上的(de)(de)固件，從一(yi)種(zhong)化(hua)學(xue)類型切(qie)換到另一(yi)種(zhong)類型。如果設計一(yi)種(zhong)模塊(kuai)化(hua)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)子(zi)系(xi)統(tong)，并將各種(zhong)功能封裝到各個模塊(kuai)中，就(jiu)可以(yi)根據系(xi)統(tong)需求，使(shi)用(yong)某個系(xi)列(lie)中的(de)(de)不同微控制器，實現相同的(de)(de)應用(yong)。模塊(kuai)化(hua)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)簡化(hua)了(le)設計，開(kai)發人(ren)員(yuan)就(jiu)能夠為其它主要應用(yong)增加電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)功能，如電(dian)(dian)機控制與醫療測(ce)量等。

　　在控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器必須要(yao)確定出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)與(yu)溫度(du)(du)。確定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀態(tai)的(de)(de)硬件對所有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)類型都是共同的(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓可以(yi)(yi)(yi)高于或(huo)低于微控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器的(de)(de)輸入范(fan)圍(wei)。因此(ci)，工程師們一(yi)般都會用一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻分壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，做電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓衰減(jian)。他(ta)們可以(yi)(yi)(yi)測量高側的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即(ji)進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)；也可以(yi)(yi)(yi)測量低側的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即(ji)離開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)；或(huo)者(zhe)，在SEPIC情況下，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)的(de)(de)次級端使用一(yi)只(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)通常(chang)都內嵌有(you)(you)熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)用于監控(kong)(kong)和確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)(du)的(de)(de)精度(du)(du)。有(you)(you)些商用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)制(zhi)造商為降低成本而省略了這些熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。這種(zhong)情況下，用戶可以(yi)(yi)(yi)外接(jie)一(yi)只(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，并使之與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)接(jie)觸(chu)。

　　采用(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)些測量(liang)(liang)(liang)參數，微(wei)控制器就(jiu)(jiu)能確(que)定并控制進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的角度來說(shuo)，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)化學類(lei)型之間(jian)的主要區別就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線（圖1）。鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)采用(yong)的是(shi)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)在(zai)啟動時(shi)(shi)(shi)低于恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)閾(yu)(yu)值(zhi)(zhi)，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器會(hui)以少量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，大約為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)的10%。在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)個預處理階(jie)段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)會(hui)隨(sui)著充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)而逐步增加(jia)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)達到快充(chong)閾(yu)(yu)值(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，微(wei)控制器將充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增加(jia)到約為100%容量(liang)(liang)(liang)。這(zhe)(zhe)個恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)段(duan)一直(zhi)保(bao)持(chi)下去，直(zhi)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)達到規(gui)定的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)。然后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器進入恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)階(jie)段(duan)，在(zai)此期間(jian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)減(jian)小，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)持(chi)在(zai)規(gui)定的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)降低到終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)持(chi)不(bu)(bu)變，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程終止(zhi)。

                                          圖1，從電池充電器的角度，鋰離子電池化學類型(a)與NiMH電池化學類型(b) 之間的主要差異是充電曲線。

　　在充電期間，電池中的電流隨溫度的變化而變化。如果有任何電池狀態參數（電壓、電流或溫度）超出了相應電池充電階段所規定的范圍，則電池充電器會停止充電做保護。

　　NiMH電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)前兩(liang)個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)與鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)類似(si)，即：20%容(rong)量的(de)激(ji)活段(duan)，以及100%容(rong)量的(de)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)段(duan)。電(dian)(dian)壓下(xia)跌(die)與溫度下(xia)跌(die)表(biao)明(ming)了(le)NiMH電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)段(duan)結束，而電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保持恒(heng)定。在這次電(dian)(dian)壓下(xia)跌(die)后(hou)，NiMH充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線進(jin)入了(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)完成(cheng)階(jie)段(duan)，在此期(qi)間(jian)，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)降低(di)到約(yue)5%容(rong)量的(de)涓流(liu)(liu)水平(ping)。這一階(jie)段(duan)提供一個恒(heng)定時間(jian)的(de)小充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，直到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止。

　使用這些充電(dian)需求(qiu)，就可以將(jiang)電(dian)池充電(dian)過程簡化為(wei)(wei)不同的(de)水平，方法是用一(yi)個預先定義了電(dian)壓、電(dian)流(liu)、溫度和超時等數值的(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)機。微控制器的(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)機控制著電(dian)池的(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，以及(ji)充電(dian)所(suo)需要的(de)電(dian)流(liu)量。圖2是一(yi)個可為(wei)(wei)這兩種電(dian)池充電(dian)的(de)簡化的(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)機。

                                                圖2，一個預先確定了電壓、電流、溫度和超時數值的狀態機，可以簡化鋰離子電池和NiMH電池的充電曲線。

　　根據所選(xuan)擇的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)化學類(lei)型(xing)(xing)，微(wei)控制(zhi)器會(hui)(hui)檢查電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)狀態機，控制(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)曲線(xian)可以有預(yu)編(bian)程(cheng)、啟動前或自動決(jue)定三種(zhong)形(xing)式。對于(yu)前兩(liang)種(zhong)方式，微(wei)控制(zhi)器會(hui)(hui)從用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)輸入獲得電(dian)(dian)池(chi)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)。對預(yu)編(bian)程(cheng)情況，模塊軟件(jian)會(hui)(hui)選(xuan)擇充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)，用(yong)(yong)所需曲線(xian)為微(wei)控制(zhi)器編(bian)程(cheng)。這(zhe)種(zhong)決(jue)策方式適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)那些充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)是附加功能的(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。在這(zhe)些應(ying)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)是已知的(de)。

　　在啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)前方式中(zhong)，微控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)會做一(yi)個附(fu)加(jia)檢查，這種檢查可(ke)以(yi)簡單到在啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)由(you)微控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)檢查開(kai)關(guan)的(de)(de)位(wei)置，從而(er)確定電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線與選擇。對于(yu)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)檢查方式，微控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)會在啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)后自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)地做出決策，通過(guo)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)類(lei)型而(er)選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線。例(li)如，一(yi)只單芯(xin)NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)典型電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范(fan)圍為0.9V~1.25V，而(er)一(yi)個鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)芯(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范(fan)圍為2.7V~4.2V。同樣(yang)，不同電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)溫度(du)范(fan)圍也有差異，微控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)可(ke)以(yi)在啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)保存(cun)和比較(jiao)這些數(shu)(shu)值。自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)檢查方案(an)只能用于(yu)某些情(qing)況。一(yi)般來說(shuo)，預編(bian)程(cheng)與啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)前方法可(ke)用于(yu)大多數(shu)(shu)應用。本文主要討論預編(bian)程(cheng)決策，面向(xiang)那些電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)是附(fu)加(jia)功能的(de)(de)應用。

　　兩種化學類型都使用了相同的硬件，用于電池充電器的(de)檢測(ce)與控(kong)制(zhi)（圖(tu)3）。要(yao)確(que)定電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，就要(yao)將電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流和溫度(du)以(yi)多(duo)工方式輸入到(dao)微控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)中的(de)一只(zhi)ADC，完成(cheng)測(ce)量。固件使用這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)數值確(que)定出狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，通過改變PWM（脈沖寬度(du)調制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)）的(de)占空比而控(kong)制(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流。PWM的(de)輸出連(lian)接到(dao)SEPIC中MOSFET的(de)柵極上，控(kong)制(zhi)流經(jing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)步驟都與CPU有關，因(yin)此(ci)會有一些(xie)延遲(chi)。有些(xie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)（包括鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯）對過充很敏(min)感(gan)，在較(jiao)高電(dian)(dian)壓下會變得不穩(wen)定。比較(jiao)器(qi)(qi)增加了防止過壓和過流狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況的(de)硬件保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)路。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)比較(jiao)器(qi)(qi)會在必要(yao)時中止充電(dian)(dian)，直到(dao)用戶將其復位，或電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)回到(dao)安全的(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況下。

                                                             圖3，微控制器根據所選擇電池的化學類型，用電池的狀態機控制充電電流。

　　兩種化學類型下，用(yong)于檢(jian)測(ce)和控制(zhi)電池(chi)充(chong)電的(de)外部硬件(jian)是相同的(de)。

根據測得的(de)(de)參數值以及電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)化學類型，CPU確定出電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)狀態，并相應地改變PWM占空比。按傳統(tong)方法，CPU用于確定充電(dian)曲線的(de)(de)條件都(dou)是代(dai)碼(ma)中的(de)(de)常數，程序員要手工(gong)修(xiu)改它們（代(dai)碼(ma)清(qing)單1）。

　　當需要修改(gai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)(qu)線(xian)時，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)(qu)線(xian)設為0或1，可在兩個充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)(qu)線(xian)之間做切換。程序將針對所有(you)狀態的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)溫度極限保(bao)存為常(chang)數，并做相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)修改(gai)。如果某種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)類型需要不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓水平(ping)，則必須修改(gai)代碼(ma)，輸入(ru)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)參數，這意味著應用的(de)(de)(de)(de)用戶(hu)必須了解修改(gai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)(qu)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)代碼(ma)，以及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)。而采用模塊化方案(an)后，當選(xuan)擇了相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)IP（智能產權）塊時，就可以輸入(ru)用于修改(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器曲(qu)(qu)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)參數。圖4給出(chu)了鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)與NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)模塊參數。

                                                           圖4，通過圖形用戶界面，輸入電池化學類型的參數極限值。

使(shi)用(yong)(yong)這些(xie)模(mo)塊(kuai)后，應用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)設計者就(jiu)可以(yi)為(wei)應用(yong)(yong)增(zeng)加充電(dian)器模(mo)塊(kuai)，建(jian)立(li)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)充電(dian)曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)。模(mo)塊(kuai)還生(sheng)成了所有其它的(de)(de)硬(ying)件(jian)塊(kuai)，包括(kuo)比較(jiao)器與PWM，以(yi)及軟(ruan)件(jian)狀態機。采用(yong)(yong)可重新編(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)架構時，如Cypress半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)公司的(de)(de)PSoC（可編(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系統單芯片(pian)），就(jiu)可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)軟(ruan)件(jian)應用(yong)(yong)，對(dui)硬(ying)件(jian)模(mo)塊(kuai)做編(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)實現(xian)。采用(yong)(yong)這種方式，開發(fa)(fa)人員(yuan)可用(yong)(yong)NiMH電(dian)池的(de)(de)充電(dian)曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)圖(tu)3中(zhong)的(de)(de)硬(ying)件(jian)編(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。為(wei)產品增(zeng)加一(yi)個(ge)USB（通用(yong)(yong)串(chuan)行總線(xian)(xian)(xian)）模(mo)塊(kuai)，開發(fa)(fa)人員(yuan)就(jiu)可以(yi)將電(dian)池參數發(fa)(fa)送給計算機。用(yong)(yong)C#語言的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)軟(ruan)件(jian)工(gong)具就(jiu)可以(yi)繪出這些(xie)數據，當然也可以(yi)采用(yong)(yong)其它類型的(de)(de)通信方式和(he)相(xiang)近的(de)(de)工(gong)具。電(dian)池仿真(zhen)器用(yong)(yong)于模(mo)仿鋰離(li)電(dian)池和(he)NiMH電(dian)池，獲得(de)實時的(de)(de)圖(tu)像（圖(tu)5）。

                                                            圖5，電池仿真器模擬鋰離子電池(a)和NiMH電池(b)，獲得實時的圖形。

　　由(you)于(yu)使用了電(dian)池仿(fang)真器(qi)，電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)變化便產生了電(dian)流的(de)(de)開關(guan)噪聲。因為使用電(dian)池仿(fang)真器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)變化較(jiao)快，PWM輸出對一個電(dian)壓(ya)變化的(de)(de)響應與(yu)安(an)定時間可看(kan)作(zuo)開關(guan)噪聲。一塊電(dian)池中(zhong)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)變化是漸進的(de)(de)，因此開關(guan)噪聲在(zai)一塊實際電(dian)池中(zhong)并不(bu)明顯。

　　通過對SoC（系統單芯片）固件(jian)的簡單修改，就可以(yi)用(yong)相同硬件(jian)，開發出用(yong)于(yu)多種化學類型電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器。將充電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線模(mo)塊做到元件(jian)中，便于(yu)主應用(yong)附加電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的功能。