電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)容量的多種化學(xue)類型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，在不同(tong)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓可能會(hui)高(gao)于或低于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。因此，需要對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓做升壓或降(jiang)壓，以(yi)配合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。例如，當為一個典型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為1.25V的單芯(xin)(xin)(xin)NiMH（鎳(nie)金屬）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，必須對3.3V的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源做衰(shuai)減或降(jiang)壓。當要為一個單芯(xin)(xin)(xin)4.1V鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓需要做升壓。為解決這些問題(ti)，應用一種SEPIC（單端初級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感轉(zhuan)換器）作為主充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)徑。這種開關(guan)模(mo)式的DC/DC轉(zhuan)換結構可以(yi)同(tong)時在某個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓區間(jian)內(nei)完成升降(jiang)壓工作，從而提供了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的靈活性。

　　鋰離子與NiMH化(hua)學類(lei)型需要不同(tong)的充電曲(qu)線，但一(yi)(yi)個靈活的充電架構可以方便地用(yong)于兩種(zhong)情況。較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)靈活與簡(jian)便的實現(xian)方式是(shi)，用(yong)微(wei)(wei)控制器上的固(gu)件，從一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)化(hua)學類(lei)型切換到另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)類(lei)型。如果設(she)計一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)模(mo)塊(kuai)化(hua)的充電子系統，并將各種(zhong)功(gong)能封(feng)裝到各個模(mo)塊(kuai)中(zhong)，就可以根(gen)據系統需求，使用(yong)某個系列中(zhong)的不同(tong)微(wei)(wei)控制器，實現(xian)相(xiang)同(tong)的應用(yong)。模(mo)塊(kuai)化(hua)的使用(yong)簡(jian)化(hua)了設(she)計，開(kai)發(fa)人員就能夠為(wei)(wei)其它主要應用(yong)增加電池充電功(gong)能，如電機控制與醫(yi)療(liao)測量等(deng)。

　　在(zai)(zai)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器必須要(yao)確(que)定出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)與(yu)溫度(du)。確(que)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)狀態的(de)硬(ying)件對所有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)類(lei)型(xing)都是共同的(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)高于或(huo)低(di)于微控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器的(de)輸入范圍。因此，工程師(shi)們(men)一(yi)(yi)般都會用(yong)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)分壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，做(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓衰減。他們(men)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)測量(liang)高側的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即(ji)進(jin)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)；也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)測量(liang)低(di)側的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即(ji)離(li)開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)；或(huo)者，在(zai)(zai)SEPIC情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感的(de)次級端使(shi)用(yong)一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)通(tong)常都內嵌有熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)于監控(kong)和(he)確(que)保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)的(de)精度(du)。有些商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)制(zhi)(zhi)造商為降(jiang)低(di)成本而省略了(le)這(zhe)些熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)。這(zhe)種情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下，用(yong)戶可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)外接一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，并使(shi)之與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)接觸。

　　采(cai)用這(zhe)些測量(liang)參數，微(wei)控制器(qi)就能(neng)確定并(bing)控制進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)角度來說(shuo)，不同(tong)化(hua)學類型之間(jian)(jian)的(de)主(zhu)要區(qu)別就是充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線(xian)（圖1）。鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)采(cai)用的(de)是恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線(xian)。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)在啟(qi)動時低于(yu)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)閾(yu)值(zhi)(zhi)，則(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)會以少量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，大約為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)10%。在這(zhe)個預(yu)處理階(jie)段，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)會隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)而逐步增加。當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)達(da)(da)到快充(chong)(chong)(chong)閾(yu)值(zhi)(zhi)時，微(wei)控制器(qi)將充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)增加到約為100%容(rong)量(liang)。這(zhe)個恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)階(jie)段一直(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)持下去(qu)，直(zhi)(zhi)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)達(da)(da)到規(gui)定的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)。然后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)進入恒(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)階(jie)段，在此期間(jian)(jian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)減小(xiao)，同(tong)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)持在規(gui)定的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)。當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)降(jiang)低到終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)持不變，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi)。

                                          圖1，從電池充電器的角度，鋰離子電池化學類型(a)與NiMH電池化學類型(b) 之間的主要差異是充電曲線。

　　在充電期間，電池中的電流隨溫度的變化而變化。如果有任何電池狀態參數（電壓、電流或溫度）超出了相應電池充電階段所規定的范圍，則電池充電器會停止充電做保護。

　　NiMH電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)前(qian)兩個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)階段(duan)(duan)與鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)類似，即：20%容量的(de)(de)激(ji)活段(duan)(duan)，以及100%容量的(de)(de)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)段(duan)(duan)。電(dian)(dian)壓下跌與溫度下跌表明了NiMH電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)段(duan)(duan)結束(shu)，而電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)保持恒(heng)定(ding)。在(zai)這次電(dian)(dian)壓下跌后(hou)，NiMH充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線(xian)進入了充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)完成階段(duan)(duan)，在(zai)此期間，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)降低(di)到約(yue)5%容量的(de)(de)涓流(liu)(liu)(liu)水平。這一階段(duan)(duan)提供一個恒(heng)定(ding)時(shi)間的(de)(de)小充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，直到充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)終止(zhi)。

　使用這(zhe)些充(chong)電(dian)需(xu)求(qiu)，就(jiu)可以將電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)簡化為不同的水平，方法是用一(yi)個預先定義了電(dian)壓、電(dian)流、溫度(du)和超時等數(shu)值的狀(zhuang)態(tai)機。微控制器的狀(zhuang)態(tai)機控制著電(dian)池(chi)的狀(zhuang)態(tai)，以及充(chong)電(dian)所需(xu)要的電(dian)流量。圖2是一(yi)個可為這(zhe)兩(liang)種(zhong)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)的簡化的狀(zhuang)態(tai)機。

                                                圖2，一個預先確定了電壓、電流、溫度和超時數值的狀態機，可以簡化鋰離子電池和NiMH電池的充電曲線。

　　根(gen)據所(suo)選擇(ze)的(de)電池(chi)化學類型，微控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)會檢(jian)查(cha)電池(chi)的(de)狀(zhuang)態機，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)充(chong)電電流。電池(chi)充(chong)電的(de)曲線可以有(you)預編程(cheng)、啟動(dong)前或自動(dong)決定三種形式。對于前兩種方式，微控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)會從(cong)用戶的(de)輸入獲得(de)電池(chi)類型。對預編程(cheng)情況，模塊(kuai)軟件會選擇(ze)充(chong)電電池(chi)的(de)類型，用所(suo)需曲線為微控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)編程(cheng)。這(zhe)種決策方式適用于那(nei)些充(chong)電是(shi)附加功能(neng)的(de)應用。在這(zhe)些應用中，電池(chi)類型是(shi)已知的(de)。

　　在(zai)(zai)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)前(qian)(qian)方式中，微控(kong)制器會做一(yi)個附加檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)，這種檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)可以簡單到在(zai)(zai)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)時由微控(kong)制器檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)開關(guan)的(de)(de)位置，從而(er)確定電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線與(yu)選擇。對于(yu)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)方式，微控(kong)制器會在(zai)(zai)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)后(hou)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)地做出決(jue)策(ce)，通過檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)類型而(er)選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線。例如，一(yi)只單芯NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)典型電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范(fan)圍為(wei)0.9V~1.25V，而(er)一(yi)個鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池芯的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范(fan)圍為(wei)2.7V~4.2V。同樣，不(bu)同電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)溫度范(fan)圍也有差異，微控(kong)制器可以在(zai)(zai)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)時保存和(he)比(bi)較這些(xie)數值。自動(dong)(dong)(dong)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)方案只能(neng)用于(yu)某些(xie)情況。一(yi)般來說(shuo)，預(yu)編(bian)程與(yu)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)前(qian)(qian)方法可用于(yu)大多數應用。本(ben)文主要(yao)討(tao)論預(yu)編(bian)程決(jue)策(ce)，面向(xiang)那些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)附加功能(neng)的(de)(de)應用。

　　兩種化學類型都使用了相同的硬件，用于電池充電器的檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)與控制(zhi)(zhi)（圖3）。要確定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，就(jiu)要將電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)溫度(du)以多工方式輸入到微控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中的一(yi)只ADC，完成(cheng)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)。固(gu)件使用這些(xie)(xie)數(shu)值(zhi)確定(ding)出狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，通過(guo)改變PWM（脈沖寬度(du)調制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)）的占空比而控制(zhi)(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。PWM的輸出連接到SEPIC中MOSFET的柵極上(shang)，控制(zhi)(zhi)流經電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。這些(xie)(xie)步驟都與CPU有關，因(yin)此(ci)會(hui)有一(yi)些(xie)(xie)延遲(chi)。有些(xie)(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（包括(kuo)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)芯）對過(guo)充很敏感，在較(jiao)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下會(hui)變得不穩(wen)定(ding)。比較(jiao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)增加了防(fang)止過(guo)壓和(he)過(guo)流狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況的硬件保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。這些(xie)(xie)比較(jiao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)會(hui)在必要時中止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，直(zhi)到用戶將其復(fu)位，或電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)回(hui)到安全(quan)的狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況下。

                                                             圖3，微控制器根據所選擇電池的化學類型，用電池的狀態機控制充電電流。

　　兩(liang)種化(hua)學(xue)類型下，用于檢測(ce)和控制電池(chi)充電的(de)外部硬件是(shi)相(xiang)同的(de)。

根據測得的(de)參數(shu)值以及(ji)電池的(de)化(hua)學類(lei)型，CPU確定出電池的(de)狀態，并(bing)相應地改變PWM占(zhan)空(kong)比。按傳(chuan)統方法，CPU用于確定充電曲線(xian)的(de)條件都是代碼中的(de)常數(shu)，程序員要手工修改它們(men)（代碼清單1）。

　　當(dang)(dang)需要修(xiu)改(gai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)時(shi)，將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)設為0或1，可(ke)在兩(liang)個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)之(zhi)間(jian)做切換。程序將(jiang)(jiang)針對所有狀態的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流和溫度極限(xian)保存(cun)為常數，并做相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)修(xiu)改(gai)。如果(guo)某種(zhong)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)類型需要不同(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)水平，則必須修(xiu)改(gai)代碼，輸入新的(de)(de)參(can)(can)數，這意味著應(ying)(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)用(yong)戶必須了(le)(le)解修(xiu)改(gai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)代碼，以(yi)及電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)限(xian)制條件。而采(cai)用(yong)模(mo)塊化方案后，當(dang)(dang)選(xuan)擇了(le)(le)相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)IP（智能產權）塊時(shi)，就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)輸入用(yong)于修(xiu)改(gai)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)參(can)(can)數。圖(tu)4給出了(le)(le)鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)與NiMH電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)模(mo)塊參(can)(can)數。

                                                           圖4，通過圖形用戶界面，輸入電池化學類型的參數極限值。

使用(yong)這些(xie)模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊后，應(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計者(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)為應(ying)用(yong)增加(jia)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊，建立相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線。模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊還生(sheng)成(cheng)了所有其它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)硬件(jian)塊，包括比較器與PWM，以(yi)及軟件(jian)狀態機(ji)。采用(yong)可(ke)重(zhong)新(xin)編程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)架構時，如Cypress半(ban)導體公司的(de)(de)(de)PSoC（可(ke)編程(cheng)(cheng)系統單芯(xin)片(pian)），就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)軟件(jian)應(ying)用(yong)，對(dui)硬件(jian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊做編程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)實現。采用(yong)這種方(fang)式(shi)，開(kai)發人員可(ke)用(yong)NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線為圖(tu)3中的(de)(de)(de)硬件(jian)編程(cheng)(cheng)。為產品增加(jia)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)USB（通用(yong)串行總(zong)線）模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊，開(kai)發人員就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)參數(shu)發送給計算機(ji)。用(yong)C#語言(yan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)軟件(jian)工具(ju)就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)繪出這些(xie)數(shu)據，當然也可(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)其它(ta)類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)通信方(fang)式(shi)和(he)(he)相近的(de)(de)(de)工具(ju)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)仿(fang)真器用(yong)于模(mo)(mo)(mo)仿(fang)鋰離電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)(he)NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，獲(huo)得(de)實時的(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)像（圖(tu)5）。

                                                            圖5，電池仿真器模擬鋰離子電池(a)和NiMH電池(b)，獲得實時的圖形。

　　由于使用了電(dian)(dian)池仿真器，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)變化(hua)便產生了電(dian)(dian)流的(de)開關噪聲。因(yin)為使用電(dian)(dian)池仿真器的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變化(hua)較快，PWM輸出對(dui)一(yi)(yi)個電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變化(hua)的(de)響應與安定時(shi)間(jian)可看作(zuo)開關噪聲。一(yi)(yi)塊電(dian)(dian)池中的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變化(hua)是漸進(jin)的(de)，因(yin)此開關噪聲在一(yi)(yi)塊實際電(dian)(dian)池中并(bing)不明顯(xian)。

　　通過對SoC（系統單芯片）固件(jian)的(de)簡單修改，就可以用(yong)(yong)相同(tong)硬件(jian)，開發(fa)出用(yong)(yong)于多種化學類型電池的(de)充(chong)電器。將充(chong)電曲線模塊(kuai)做到元件(jian)中，便于主(zhu)應用(yong)(yong)附加電池充(chong)電的(de)功能。