電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯容量的(de)(de)多種化學(xue)類型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，在(zai)不同(tong)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)可(ke)能會高于(yu)(yu)或(huo)低于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。因(yin)此(ci)，需要(yao)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)做(zuo)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)或(huo)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，以(yi)配(pei)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。例如(ru)，當為一(yi)個典(dian)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為1.25V的(de)(de)單芯NiMH（鎳(nie)金屬）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，必須對3.3V的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)做(zuo)衰(shuai)減或(huo)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。當要(yao)為一(yi)個單芯4.1V鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)需要(yao)做(zuo)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。為解決這(zhe)些(xie)問題，應用一(yi)種SEPIC（單端初級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)轉換器）作為主充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)徑(jing)。這(zhe)種開關模式的(de)(de)DC/DC轉換結構可(ke)以(yi)同(tong)時(shi)在(zai)某(mou)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)區間內完成升降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工作，從而提供了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)靈活性。

　　鋰離子(zi)與(yu)(yu)NiMH化(hua)學(xue)類型需要不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)充電(dian)曲線(xian)，但一個(ge)靈活的(de)(de)充電(dian)架(jia)構(gou)可以方便地用(yong)于兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情況。較(jiao)為(wei)靈活與(yu)(yu)簡便的(de)(de)實(shi)現方式(shi)是，用(yong)微(wei)(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)上的(de)(de)固件(jian)，從一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)學(xue)類型切換到另一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類型。如(ru)(ru)果設計一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)模塊(kuai)化(hua)的(de)(de)充電(dian)子(zi)系(xi)統(tong)，并將各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)功能(neng)封裝到各個(ge)模塊(kuai)中(zhong)，就(jiu)可以根據(ju)系(xi)統(tong)需求，使用(yong)某個(ge)系(xi)列中(zhong)的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)微(wei)(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)，實(shi)現相同(tong)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。模塊(kuai)化(hua)的(de)(de)使用(yong)簡化(hua)了(le)設計，開發人員就(jiu)能(neng)夠為(wei)其它主要應(ying)用(yong)增加(jia)電(dian)池充電(dian)功能(neng)，如(ru)(ru)電(dian)機控(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)(yu)醫療測量(liang)等。

　　在控(kong)制充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器必須要(yao)確定(ding)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)與溫度。確定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)狀態的(de)(de)(de)硬件對(dui)所有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)類型(xing)都(dou)是共同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓可以(yi)高于或低(di)于微控(kong)制器的(de)(de)(de)輸入(ru)范圍。因此，工(gong)程師們(men)一般都(dou)會用(yong)一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)分(fen)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，做電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓衰減。他們(men)可以(yi)測(ce)量高側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，即進(jin)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)；也可以(yi)測(ce)量低(di)側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，即離開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)；或者，在SEPIC情(qing)況下，可以(yi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感的(de)(de)(de)次級端使用(yong)一只電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)通常(chang)都(dou)內嵌(qian)有(you)熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，可以(yi)用(yong)于監(jian)控(kong)和確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度的(de)(de)(de)精度。有(you)些商(shang)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)制造商(shang)為降低(di)成本而省略了這(zhe)些熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)。這(zhe)種(zhong)情(qing)況下，用(yong)戶可以(yi)外接一只熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，并使之與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)接觸。

　　采用(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)些測量參數，微(wei)控制器就能(neng)確定并控制進(jin)(jin)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的角度來說，不同化(hua)學類型(xing)之間的主要區別就是充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線(xian)（圖1）。鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)采用(yong)的是恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線(xian)。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)在啟動時(shi)低于恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)閾值，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器會(hui)以少(shao)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，大約為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量的10%。在這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)預(yu)處理階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)會(hui)隨(sui)著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)而逐步增加。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)達到(dao)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)閾值時(shi)，微(wei)控制器將充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)增加到(dao)約為100%容量。這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)一直(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)持下去，直(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)達到(dao)規定的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值。然后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器進(jin)(jin)入恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，在此(ci)期間，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)減(jian)小，同時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)持在規定的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)降低到(dao)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)持不變，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程終止。

                                          圖1，從電池充電器的角度，鋰離子電池化學類型(a)與NiMH電池化學類型(b) 之間的主要差異是充電曲線。

　　在充電期間，電池中的電流隨溫度的變化而變化。如果有任何電池狀態參數（電壓、電流或溫度）超出了相應電池充電階段所規定的范圍，則電池充電器會停止充電做保護。

　　NiMH電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的前兩個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)階段(duan)與鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)類(lei)似，即：20%容量的激(ji)活段(duan)，以及(ji)100%容量的恒(heng)(heng)流段(duan)。電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下跌(die)(die)與溫度下跌(die)(die)表明了(le)NiMH電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的恒(heng)(heng)流段(duan)結束，而電(dian)(dian)流保持恒(heng)(heng)定。在(zai)這次(ci)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下跌(die)(die)后，NiMH充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)曲線進入了(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)完成階段(duan)，在(zai)此期間，電(dian)(dian)流降低到(dao)(dao)約5%容量的涓流水平。這一(yi)(yi)階段(duan)提(ti)供一(yi)(yi)個恒(heng)(heng)定時間的小充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，直到(dao)(dao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)終止。

　使用這些充(chong)(chong)電(dian)需求，就可以(yi)將電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程簡(jian)化為(wei)不同的水平，方法是(shi)用一(yi)個(ge)(ge)預先(xian)定義了(le)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流、溫度和超時等(deng)數值的狀態(tai)機。微控制器的狀態(tai)機控制著電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的狀態(tai)，以(yi)及充(chong)(chong)電(dian)所需要的電(dian)流量。圖2是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)可為(wei)這兩種電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的簡(jian)化的狀態(tai)機。

                                                圖2，一個預先確定了電壓、電流、溫度和超時數值的狀態機，可以簡化鋰離子電池和NiMH電池的充電曲線。

　　根據(ju)所選擇(ze)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)化學類(lei)型(xing)，微(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器會檢查(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)狀態機，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)曲線可以有(you)預編程、啟動前或自(zi)動決定(ding)三種(zhong)形式(shi)。對于(yu)前兩(liang)種(zhong)方式(shi)，微(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器會從用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶的(de)輸入獲得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)類(lei)型(xing)。對預編程情況，模塊軟件會選擇(ze)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)類(lei)型(xing)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)所需曲線為(wei)微(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器編程。這(zhe)種(zhong)決策方式(shi)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)那些(xie)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)附加功能的(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。在這(zhe)些(xie)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)類(lei)型(xing)是(shi)(shi)已知的(de)。

　　在(zai)啟動(dong)前(qian)方(fang)式(shi)中，微(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)會做一個附加檢查，這種檢查可以(yi)簡單到在(zai)啟動(dong)時(shi)由微(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)檢查開關的(de)位置，從而(er)確定電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)曲線與選擇。對于(yu)自(zi)動(dong)檢查方(fang)式(shi)，微(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)會在(zai)啟動(dong)后自(zi)動(dong)地做出決(jue)策(ce)，通過檢測(ce)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)類型而(er)選擇電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)曲線。例如，一只單芯NiMH電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)典型電(dian)壓范圍為0.9V~1.25V，而(er)一個鋰離(li)子電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯的(de)電(dian)壓范圍為2.7V~4.2V。同樣，不同電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)溫度(du)范圍也有(you)差異，微(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)可以(yi)在(zai)啟動(dong)時(shi)保(bao)存和比較這些(xie)數值。自(zi)動(dong)檢查方(fang)案(an)只能用于(yu)某些(xie)情況。一般來說，預編程與啟動(dong)前(qian)方(fang)法可用于(yu)大多數應用。本文主要討論(lun)預編程決(jue)策(ce)，面向那些(xie)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)是附加功能的(de)應用。

　　兩種化學類型都使用了相同的硬件，用于電池充電器的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測與控(kong)制（圖(tu)3）。要(yao)確定電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態，就(jiu)要(yao)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和溫度以(yi)多(duo)工方(fang)式輸入(ru)到(dao)微控(kong)制器中的(de)(de)(de)(de)一只ADC，完成測量。固件(jian)使(shi)用(yong)這些(xie)(xie)數值確定出狀態，通過(guo)(guo)(guo)改變PWM（脈沖寬(kuan)度調制器）的(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)空比而(er)控(kong)制充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。PWM的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出連接到(dao)SEPIC中MOSFET的(de)(de)(de)(de)柵極上，控(kong)制流(liu)經(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。這些(xie)(xie)步驟(zou)都與CPU有關，因(yin)此(ci)會有一些(xie)(xie)延遲。有些(xie)(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（包括鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)芯）對過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)很敏感，在較高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下會變得(de)不穩定。比較器增加(jia)了防止過(guo)(guo)(guo)壓和過(guo)(guo)(guo)流(liu)狀況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬件(jian)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。這些(xie)(xie)比較器會在必要(yao)時中止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，直到(dao)用(yong)戶(hu)將(jiang)其(qi)復位，或電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)回(hui)到(dao)安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況(kuang)下。

                                                             圖3，微控制器根據所選擇電池的化學類型，用電池的狀態機控制充電電流。

　　兩種化學(xue)類型下(xia)，用于檢測和(he)控制電(dian)池充電(dian)的(de)外部硬(ying)件是(shi)相同的(de)。

根(gen)據測得的(de)參數(shu)值以(yi)及電池的(de)化學類型，CPU確定(ding)出電池的(de)狀態(tai)，并相應(ying)地改變PWM占空比。按(an)傳統方法(fa)，CPU用(yong)于確定(ding)充(chong)電曲線的(de)條(tiao)件都是代(dai)碼(ma)中的(de)常(chang)數(shu)，程序員(yuan)要(yao)手工修改它們（代(dai)碼(ma)清單1）。

　　當需要(yao)修改(gai)(gai)充電曲線時(shi)，將電池充電曲線設為0或1，可在兩(liang)個充電曲線之間做切(qie)換(huan)。程序將針(zhen)對所有狀態的電壓(ya)、電流(liu)和溫度極限保存為常數(shu)(shu)，并做相應(ying)的修改(gai)(gai)。如果某種(zhong)電池類型需要(yao)不同的電壓(ya)水平(ping)，則必須修改(gai)(gai)代碼(ma)，輸入新的參數(shu)(shu)，這意味著應(ying)用(yong)的用(yong)戶必須了解修改(gai)(gai)充電曲線的代碼(ma)，以及電池充電的限制條件(jian)。而(er)采用(yong)模塊化方案后(hou)，當選(xuan)擇了相應(ying)的IP（智能產權）塊時(shi)，就可以輸入用(yong)于修改(gai)(gai)電池充電器(qi)曲線的參數(shu)(shu)。圖(tu)4給出(chu)了鋰(li)離子(zi)電池與(yu)NiMH電池的模塊參數(shu)(shu)。

                                                           圖4，通過圖形用戶界面，輸入電池化學類型的參數極限值。

使(shi)用(yong)(yong)這些模(mo)塊(kuai)后(hou)，應(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)設計者就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)為(wei)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)增加充電器模(mo)塊(kuai)，建立相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)充電曲(qu)線。模(mo)塊(kuai)還生成了所(suo)有其(qi)它(ta)的(de)硬(ying)(ying)件(jian)(jian)塊(kuai)，包括比較器與PWM，以(yi)及軟件(jian)(jian)狀態(tai)機。采用(yong)(yong)可(ke)重(zhong)新編(bian)(bian)程的(de)架構(gou)時(shi)，如Cypress半導體公司的(de)PSoC（可(ke)編(bian)(bian)程系統單芯片(pian)），就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)軟件(jian)(jian)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，對硬(ying)(ying)件(jian)(jian)模(mo)塊(kuai)做編(bian)(bian)程和(he)實(shi)現。采用(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)方式(shi)，開(kai)發(fa)人員(yuan)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)NiMH電池(chi)的(de)充電曲(qu)線為(wei)圖(tu)3中(zhong)的(de)硬(ying)(ying)件(jian)(jian)編(bian)(bian)程。為(wei)產品(pin)增加一個USB（通(tong)用(yong)(yong)串(chuan)行總(zong)線）模(mo)塊(kuai)，開(kai)發(fa)人員(yuan)就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)將電池(chi)參數(shu)發(fa)送給計算機。用(yong)(yong)C#語言的(de)一個軟件(jian)(jian)工具就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)繪出這些數(shu)據，當然也可(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)(yong)其(qi)它(ta)類(lei)型的(de)通(tong)信方式(shi)和(he)相(xiang)近的(de)工具。電池(chi)仿(fang)真器用(yong)(yong)于(yu)模(mo)仿(fang)鋰離電池(chi)和(he)NiMH電池(chi)，獲得實(shi)時(shi)的(de)圖(tu)像(xiang)（圖(tu)5）。

                                                            圖5，電池仿真器模擬鋰離子電池(a)和NiMH電池(b)，獲得實時的圖形。

　　由于使用了電(dian)(dian)池(chi)仿真(zhen)器，電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)變(bian)(bian)化便產生了電(dian)(dian)流的(de)開(kai)關(guan)噪(zao)聲。因(yin)為使用電(dian)(dian)池(chi)仿真(zhen)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓變(bian)(bian)化較(jiao)快，PWM輸出對一個電(dian)(dian)壓變(bian)(bian)化的(de)響(xiang)應與(yu)安定時(shi)間可(ke)看作開(kai)關(guan)噪(zao)聲。一塊電(dian)(dian)池(chi)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓變(bian)(bian)化是漸進的(de)，因(yin)此開(kai)關(guan)噪(zao)聲在一塊實際電(dian)(dian)池(chi)中并不(bu)明顯。

　　通過對SoC（系統(tong)單芯片）固件的簡單修(xiu)改，就(jiu)可以用(yong)相同硬件，開發出用(yong)于(yu)多種(zhong)化學類型電池的充(chong)電器。將充(chong)電曲(qu)線模塊做到元件中，便于(yu)主應用(yong)附加電池充(chong)電的功(gong)能(neng)。