一、前言

　　開關電源系(xi)(xi)統(tong)是(shi)(shi)弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源系(xi)(xi)統(tong)主要可(ke)以(yi)分為主功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)兩部分。主功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)是(shi)(shi)由變(bian)換器構成。變(bian)換器是(shi)(shi)應用功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)器件，對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能進行變(bian)換的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝置(zhi)，變(bian)換量(liang)包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)和(he)波形等方(fang)面，以(yi)達到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能更好符合(he)各種不(bu)同用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)通過對(dui)(dui)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)器件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)來(lai)實現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此主功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)是(shi)(shi)開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)被(bei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)，而控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)器件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開關(guan)(guan)以(yi)實現既(ji)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能是(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要工作。將被(bei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)和(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)裝置(zhi)按(an)照一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)連接(jie)起來(lai)，組成一(yi)個有機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)體(ti)，就構成開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)即為控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作方(fang)式(shi)(shi)有多種，其中(zhong)(zhong)最基(ji)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種是(shi)(shi)基(ji)于反饋控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)原(yuan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閉環(huan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。而大部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)是(shi)(shi)閉環(huan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。

　　二、閉環控制原理

　　通常，我們把被控量(liang)(liang)送回到控制系統的輸入(ru)端，與參據(ju)量(liang)(liang)相比較產生誤差(cha)信(xin)號的過程(cheng)，稱為反(fan)(fan)饋。若反(fan)(fan)饋的信(xin)號是與參據(ju)量(liang)(liang)相減，使(shi)得產生的偏差(cha)越來越小，稱為負反(fan)(fan)饋。由于引入(ru)了被控量(liang)(liang)的反(fan)(fan)饋信(xin)息，整個(ge)控制過程(cheng)成為閉合的，因此也稱閉環控制，如圖1所示。

圖(tu)1  反饋控制框(kuang)圖(tu)

　　三、基本組成

　　控制裝置是由具有一(yi)定職(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的各種(zhong)(zhong)基本元器(qi)件(jian)組成。系統的元器(qi)件(jian)按照(zhao)職(zhi)能(neng)(neng)分類主要(yao)有以下幾種(zhong)(zhong)：

　　測量(liang)(liang)單元：其職能(neng)是檢測被控(kong)制的物理量(liang)(liang)。這(zhe)個(ge)被控(kong)量(liang)(liang)一般為主功(gong)(gong)率(lv)電(dian)(dian)路的輸出電(dian)(dian)壓、主功(gong)(gong)率(lv)電(dian)(dian)路的輸入電(dian)(dian)流等。

　　給(gei)定(ding)單元：其職能是給(gei)出與期望的(de)被控量(liang)相(xiang)對應(ying)的(de)參據量(liang)，即給(gei)定(ding)量(liang)。在開關電源(yuan)系統中，給(gei)定(ding)量(liang)一(yi)般為直(zhi)流常量(liang)或者是交流正弦量(liang)。

　　比(bi)較單元：其職(zhi)能(neng)是將檢(jian)測到的(de)(de)被控制(zhi)量的(de)(de)實際(ji)值與參據量進(jin)行比(bi)較，求(qiu)出(chu)他們(men)之間的(de)(de)偏差。

　　校正(zheng)單元：即補償(chang)單元，用(yong)串聯方(fang)式(shi)(shi)或者反(fan)饋(kui)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)（并聯方(fang)式(shi)(shi)）等(deng)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)連接在系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)，以改善系(xi)(xi)統的性(xing)能。這(zhe)個(ge)補償(chang)網絡是(shi)控制系(xi)(xi)統的核心部(bu)分(fen)，是(shi)決(jue)定控制系(xi)(xi)統性(xing)能的關鍵部(bu)分(fen)。可以通(tong)過由(you)電阻、電容(rong)組(zu)成的無(wu)源或有(you)源網絡實(shi)現，也可以通(tong)過MCU、DSP這(zhe)些數字器件輔助實(shi)現。

　　四、外作用類型

　　一(yi)般加在(zai)開關電源系(xi)統(tong)上的(de)(de)外作(zuo)用(yong)有(you)(you)兩種(zhong)類型：一(yi)種(zhong)是有(you)(you)用(yong)輸(shu)入，它決定系(xi)統(tong)被控(kong)量的(de)(de)變(bian)化規律，比如給定量；一(yi)種(zhong)是系(xi)統(tong)不(bu)希望有(you)(you)的(de)(de)外作(zuo)用(yong)，即擾(rao)動(dong)，它破(po)壞有(you)(you)用(yong)輸(shu)入對系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)控(kong)制。在(zai)實際系(xi)統(tong)中，擾(rao)動(dong)是不(bu)可避免的(de)(de)。這樣的(de)(de)擾(rao)動(dong)包(bao)括：主(zhu)功(gong)率電路輸(shu)入電壓的(de)(de)波動(dong)，主(zhu)功(gong)率電路輸(shu)出電流的(de)(de)波動(dong)或(huo)者負載(zai)的(de)(de)波動(dong)，元器件參數的(de)(de)溫度漂移等。

      五、基本控制方式

　　反饋控(kong)(kong)制是(shi)系統(tong)最(zui)基本的控(kong)(kong)制方式(shi)，也是(shi)應(ying)用最(zui)廣泛的一種控(kong)(kong)制方式(shi)。此(ci)外，還(huan)有(you)開(kai)環控(kong)(kong)制方式(shi)和復合(he)控(kong)(kong)制方式(shi)，它(ta)們都有(you)著(zhu)各(ge)自(zi)的特點(dian)和不同的應(ying)用場合(he)。

　　（1）反饋控制(zhi)方式

　　如(ru)前面所提及，反(fan)饋(kui)(kui)控(kong)(kong)制方(fang)式是(shi)按(an)照偏(pian)差進行控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)，其特點是(shi)不(bu)論什么原因(yin)使被控(kong)(kong)量偏(pian)離(li)期望值而出現(xian)偏(pian)差時(shi)，必(bi)定會產生(sheng)一(yi)個相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制作用(yong)去減小或(huo)消除(chu)這個偏(pian)差，使被控(kong)(kong)量與期望值趨于一(yi)致(zhi)。可見，按(an)照反(fan)饋(kui)(kui)控(kong)(kong)制方(fang)式設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統，具有(you)抑制任何內(nei)、外(wai)擾(rao)動對(dui)被控(kong)(kong)量產生(sheng)影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)，有(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩態精(jing)度(du)。

　　如圖(tu)2所(suo)示為電壓(ya)型控制Boost變換(huan)器控制框(kuang)圖(tu)，電壓(ya)反(fan)饋(kui)控制技(ji)術是開關電源系統中經(jing)典的(de)反(fan)饋(kui)控制方法(fa)(fa)。這是60年代后期開關穩壓(ya)電源剛剛開始發展就采用(yong)的(de)第一(yi)種(zhong)控制方法(fa)(fa)，該方法(fa)(fa)與一(yi)些(xie)必要的(de)過電流保(bao)護電路相結(jie)合，至(zhi)今(jin)仍然被廣泛的(de)應用(yong)。

圖2  電壓型控制(zhi) Boost 變換(huan)器控制(zhi)框圖

　　（2）開環(huan)控制方(fang)式

　　開環(huan)(huan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制方式是指被(bei)(bei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)裝置(zhi)與被(bei)(bei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)對(dui)象之間(jian)只有順(shun)向(xiang)作用而沒有反向(xiang)聯系的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制過程。按這種控(kong)(kong)(kong)制方式組成的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制系統(tong)稱為(wei)開環(huan)(huan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制系統(tong)，其特點是系統(tong)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出量(liang)不會對(dui)系統(tong)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制作用發生影響。這種控(kong)(kong)(kong)制方式也稱為(wei)前饋控(kong)(kong)(kong)制、順(shun)饋控(kong)(kong)(kong)制。開環(huan)(huan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制系統(tong)可以(yi)由按給定量(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制方式組成，也可以(yi)由按擾動控(kong)(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制方式組成。

　　按給定(ding)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)開(kai)環控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統，其控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)作用直接由控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統的(de)(de)輸(shu)入量(liang)(liang)產生(sheng)，給定(ding)一個輸(shu)入量(liang)(liang)，就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)一個輸(shu)出量(liang)(liang)與之相對應，控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)完全取決于控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電路所(suo)用的(de)(de)元器件以及主功率電路的(de)(de)特性，如(ru)圖3所(suo)示。這種控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式沒有(you)(you)(you)自動(dong)(dong)修正偏差的(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)，抗(kang)擾動(dong)(dong)能(neng)力(li)差。但由于其結(jie)構簡單、調整(zheng)方(fang)便(bian)、成本低，在(zai)精度(du)要求不高或擾動(dong)(dong)影(ying)響(xiang)較小的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，這種控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式還(huan)是有(you)(you)(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)實用價(jia)值。

圖3  按給定量控(kong)制(zhi)的開環(huan)控(kong)制(zhi)系統

如圖4所示的(de)(de)采用(yong)(yong)電容的(de)(de)開(kai)關功(gong)率變(bian)換(huan)器，一般為(wei)多(duo)級(ji)變(bian)換(huan)電路(lu)中的(de)(de)其(qi)中一級(ji)，通常采用(yong)(yong)開(kai)環控制，效(xiao)率和(he)功(gong)率密度較高，容易實(shi)現開(kai)關，具有廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)前景。

圖(tu)4  開(kai)環控制的開(kai)關電(dian)容(rong)功率變換器(qi)

　　按擾(rao)(rao)動(dong)(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)開(kai)環(huan)控(kong)制(zhi)系統，是利用可測量的(de)擾(rao)(rao)動(dong)(dong)量，產生一種補(bu)償(chang)作用，以(yi)(yi)減少或抵消擾(rao)(rao)動(dong)(dong)對輸出量的(de)影響，如圖(tu)5所示。這種控(kong)制(zhi)方式直(zhi)接(jie)從擾(rao)(rao)動(dong)(dong)取得(de)信息(xi)，并據(ju)此改變被(bei)控(kong)量，因此其抗(kang)擾(rao)(rao)動(dong)(dong)性(xing)好，控(kong)制(zhi)精度也較(jiao)高，但它只適用于擾(rao)(rao)動(dong)(dong)是可以(yi)(yi)測量的(de)場合(he)，而(er)且一個補(bu)償(chang)裝置(zhi)只能補(bu)償(chang)一個擾(rao)(rao)動(dong)(dong)因素，對其余擾(rao)(rao)動(dong)(dong)均不起補(bu)償(chang)作用。

圖5  按擾(rao)動(dong)控制(zhi)的開環(huan)控制(zhi)系統

　　如圖6所(suo)示為單周期控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)Buck變(bian)換器(qi)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)框圖，單周期控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)實際上就是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種按(an)擾動(dong)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)開(kai)環控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系統。它將(jiang)主(zhu)功(gong)(gong)率電(dian)路的(de)(de)輸(shu)入電(dian)壓(ya)引入控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，隨(sui)著輸(shu)入電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)變(bian)化，得(de)到(dao)不同的(de)(de)占空度，使得(de)主(zhu)功(gong)(gong)率電(dian)路的(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)跟隨(sui)給定量。理論上這種控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)完全抵制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)了(le)主(zhu)功(gong)(gong)率電(dian)路的(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)擾動(dong)，但是(shi)(shi)對負載的(de)(de)擾動(dong)卻無能為力。

圖(tu)6  單周期(qi)控制 Buck 變換器控制框圖(tu)

 （3）復合(he)控制(zhi)方式

　　開環控制方式在技術上較反饋控制方式簡單，且對激勵響應快，但是僅僅只采用按給定量控制的前饋控制方式來控制，系統控制精度不高。而按擾動控制的開環控制系統只適用于擾動可以測量的場合。因此，比較合理的一種控制方式是把開環控制方式與反饋控制方式結合起來。這種控制方式稱為復合控制。利用控制系統的給定量，產生一種補償作用，使得被控量更好的跟隨給定量。另外，對主要擾動采用適當的補償裝置來實現擾動控制。同時，再組成反饋控制系統實現按偏差控制，以消除其余擾動產生的偏差。這樣，系統的主要外作用已被補償，反饋控制系統比較容易設計，控制效果也會更好。這種將前饋控制和反饋控制相結合的控制方式稱為復合控制。
如圖(tu)(tu)7所(suo)示為(wei)(wei)具有(you)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓前饋(kui)的(de)(de)(de)平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)Boost變換器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)PFC控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)框圖(tu)(tu)，這種控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法為(wei)(wei)雙環反(fan)饋(kui)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法，外環為(wei)(wei)母(mu)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓平均值(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)環，內環為(wei)(wei)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)環。該控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法將輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)平均值(zhi)作為(wei)(wei)反(fan)饋(kui)與(yu)(yu)基準(zhun)(zhun)比(bi)較，產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差(cha)信號(hao)(hao)經由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓補償(chang)器(qi)進(jin)行調(diao)節。產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)信號(hao)(hao)與(yu)(yu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓有(you)效值(zhi)一起，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正弦波基準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)幅值(zhi)。再將輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流作為(wei)(wei)反(fan)饋(kui)與(yu)(yu)正弦波基準(zhun)(zhun)進(jin)行比(bi)較，產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差(cha)信號(hao)(hao)經由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流補償(chang)器(qi)進(jin)行調(diao)節產(chan)(chan)生調(diao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信號(hao)(hao)，再將該調(diao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信號(hao)(hao)與(yu)(yu)載(zai)波比(bi)較得到(dao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信號(hao)(hao)，得到(dao)所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信號(hao)(hao)，外環的(de)(de)(de)作用，主要控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，內環主要控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)波形(xing)，保證輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)正弦度。引入(ru)(ru)了輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓前饋(kui)，克服(fu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓擾動對輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)影響。

圖(tu)7  具(ju)有輸(shu)入電(dian)壓前饋的平均電(dian)流控(kong)制(zhi) Boost 變換器(qi)的PFC

　　六、校正方式

　　對(dui)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)要求，通(tong)常以(yi)(yi)性(xing)能指標的(de)(de)(de)形式給出。而(er)為(wei)了(le)使系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)獲得(de)滿意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能，必須對(dui)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)行設計和(he)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)，也就是在(zai)(zai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中適(shi)當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)進(jin)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)彌補(bu)了(le)原系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能缺陷(xian)。按照校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)開(kai)(kai)關電(dian)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)方式，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)方式可(ke)以(yi)(yi)分為(wei)串聯校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)、反(fan)饋(kui)(kui)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)、前(qian)(qian)饋(kui)(kui)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)、復合校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)等。如(ru)(ru)(ru)圖8所(suo)示(shi)(shi)為(wei)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)意(yi)圖，G（S）為(wei)被(bei)控(kong)(kong)對(dui)象（主功率電(dian)路(lu)）；串聯校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一般連(lian)(lian)接(jie)在(zai)(zai)G（S）之前(qian)(qian)，串接(jie)與(yu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)前(qian)(qian)向通(tong)道之中，如(ru)(ru)(ru)G1（S）益(yi)所(suo)示(shi)(shi)；反(fan)饋(kui)(kui)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)在(zai)(zai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)局部反(fan)饋(kui)(kui)通(tong)路(lu)之中，如(ru)(ru)(ru)G2（S）位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)示(shi)(shi)；補(bu)償給定量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)饋(kui)(kui)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)在(zai)(zai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)給定量(liang)之后的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)向通(tong)道之上，形成(cheng)前(qian)(qian)饋(kui)(kui)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)通(tong)路(lu)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)G3（S）位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)示(shi)(shi)，補(bu)償擾動量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)饋(kui)(kui)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)在(zai)(zai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)測試(shi)的(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)動量(liang)之后，形成(cheng)一條附加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)道，如(ru)(ru)(ru)G4（S）位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)示(shi)(shi)。前(qian)(qian)饋(kui)(kui)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)單獨作(zuo)用與(yu)開(kai)(kai)環控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)作(zuo)為(wei)反(fan)饋(kui)(kui)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)附加(jia)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)而(er)組成(cheng)復合校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。

圖8  系統校正(zheng)裝置(zhi)位置(zhi)示意圖

　　七、小結

　　開(kai)關(guan)電源系統通過控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電路(lu)(lu)對主功率電路(lu)(lu)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)實現電能(neng)的(de)變換(huan)。開(kai)關(guan)電源系統有多種控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，而控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)的(de)核心是校正(zheng)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。究(jiu)竟選用(yong)哪(na)種控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，系統如何校正(zheng)，取決于系統主功率電路(lu)(lu)的(de)被(bei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)量的(de)性質、抗擾(rao)動性要求、技術實現的(de)方(fang)(fang)便性、經(jing)濟性要求、環境使用(yong)條件等因素。