在鋰離子充電器產品中,手機充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是市(shi)場(chang)上的主流產品。雖(sui)然(ran)鋰離子(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)市(shi)場(chang)被看好(hao),但鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的要求非常苛刻。設計(ji)生產鋰離子(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi),需要滿足幾(ji)大要求。在鋰離子(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)芯(xin)片(pian)在系統設計(ji)中扮演(yan)著重(zhong)要的角(jiao)色(se)。高(gao)性價比的芯(xin)片(pian)受市(shi)場(chang)歡(huan)迎。

　　在手機、個人媒(mei)體播(bo)放(fang)器、數碼(ma)相(xiang)機、導(dao)航(hang)系統(tong)等便攜產品(pin)市場(chang)的推動(dong)下,鋰離子充電器市場(chang)的前景被業(ye)界廣泛(fan)看好。

　　鋰離子(zi)充電器市場巨大

　　根據諾基亞公司(si)的(de)預測,2008年(nian)全(quan)球手(shou)機銷(xiao)售量將達12億(yi)部,比2007年(nian)增長10%。即使按(an)照每部手(shou)機在(zai)出廠時(shi)只(zhi)配一個(ge)鋰(li)離(li)子充電器,該(gai)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)需求也要12億(yi)個(ge)之多(duo)。根據市(shi)場(chang)(chang)調(diao)研公司(si)賽(sai)迪顧問的(de)預測,2007年(nian)中國MP3銷(xiao)量達到200多(duo)萬(wan)(wan)臺,與此(ci)同時(shi),MP4和MP5等新概念播放(fang)器也突(tu)破200萬(wan)(wan)臺,去年(nian)這兩個(ge)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)總計需要400多(duo)萬(wan)(wan)個(ge)鋰(li)離(li)子充電器。

　　記者了解到,目前中(zhong)國是全球鋰(li)離子充電(dian)器(qi)(qi)最(zui)大(da)(da)的生產(chan)地(di)(di),去(qu)年共計生產(chan)了5億(yi)個(ge)充電(dian)器(qi)(qi),其中(zhong)1億(yi)多(duo)個(ge)銷售在(zai)國內,其余都銷往(wang)國外。而內地(di)(di)市場上有超過幾百家的鋰(li)離子充電(dian)器(qi)(qi)制(zhi)造商(shang),其中(zhong)大(da)(da)多(duo)數為中(zhong)小型(xing)企業,平均每家廠商(shang)的月產(chan)能(neng)在(zai)幾十(shi)萬個(ge)以上,廣東省聚集了最(zui)多(duo)的鋰(li)離子充電(dian)器(qi)(qi)制(zhi)造商(shang)。

　　在鋰離子(zi)(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)產品中(zhong)(zhong),手(shou)機充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是市場(chang)上的主流(liu)產品。崧順國際有限公(gong)司研(yan)發部技術(shu)總監喻德(de)茂(mao)向《中(zhong)(zhong)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)報》記者介紹說(shuo),今(jin)年(nian)他(ta)們公(gong)司主要(yao)設(she)計生產手(shou)機充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)以及PDA、MP4、隨身充(chong)(chong)(chong)等一些特殊(shu)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。而東莞(guan)市石龍富華電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)有限公(gong)司開發中(zhong)(zhong)心經(jing)理林俊容則介紹說(shuo),今(jin)年(nian)他(ta)們設(she)計的手(shou)機充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong),主要(yao)是5V充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi),充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在500mA-800mA之間(jian),這些產品的特色包(bao)括：安(an)全(quan),環保,節(jie)能,通用。

　　充電器要符(fu)合安全環保法規

　　雖然鋰離子充電器市(shi)場被看好,但鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的要(yao)(yao)求非(fei)常(chang)苛刻,要(yao)(yao)設計(ji)生(sheng)產鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器,需要(yao)(yao)滿(man)足幾大要(yao)(yao)求。其中,基(ji)本要(yao)(yao)求是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時要(yao)(yao)保持特(te)定的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya),即恒(heng)流恒(heng)壓(ya)方式,這(zhe)才能保證電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的安全充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。而且(qie),為有效利用電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量,需將鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)至最大電(dian)(dian)壓(ya),但是過壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)會造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)損壞,這(zhe)就要(yao)(yao)求過壓(ya)保護。

　　另外(wai),鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池還增加了(le)其他充(chong)電(dian)(dian)輔(fu)助功能,目的(de)是為了(le)改(gai)善電(dian)(dian)池壽命(ming),簡(jian)化(hua)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)操作,其中包括給過放電(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用(yong)涓(juan)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian),電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓檢測,輸入電(dian)(dian)流限制(zhi),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)完成后(hou)關(guan)斷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器,電(dian)(dian)池部分(fen)放電(dian)(dian)后(hou)自動(dong)啟動(dong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)等(deng)。這些所有及(ji)部分(fen)功能都可以(yi)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)芯片中實現(xian),當(dang)然(ran),也可利用(yong)ASIC(專用(yong)集(ji)成電(dian)(dian)路)、分(fen)立器件或在微處(chu)理器的(de)基(ji)礎上用(yong)軟(ruan)件實現(xian)。

　　而最近幾(ji)年,解決鋰(li)離子充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)靜態(tai)能(neng)耗(hao)(hao)問題也(ye)逐步成為充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)設計過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)一(yi)個重要(yao)環(huan)節總(zong)體來說,鋰(li)離子充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)設計過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)安(an)全(quan)、環(huan)保(bao)和能(neng)耗(hao)(hao)上必需滿(man)足(zu)不同的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)內標準。東莞市石龍富華電(dian)(dian)子有限(xian)公司開發中(zhong)(zhong)心經理林俊(jun)容向(xiang)《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)子報》記者介紹說,在(zai)安(an)全(quan)方(fang)面,鋰(li)離子充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)要(yao)滿(man)足(zu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內3C/GB4943的(de)要(yao)求,要(yao)取得3C認證和TLC認證,還要(yao)滿(man)足(zu)YD1591規(gui)定,出口則要(yao)完(wan)全(quan)符合(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)上IEC60950的(de)安(an)全(quan)規(gui)定和要(yao)求;在(zai)環(huan)保(bao)方(fang)面,鋰(li)離子充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)要(yao)符合(he)《電(dian)(dian)子信息產(chan)品污染控制管理辦法》,或要(yao)符合(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)的(de)RoHS要(yao)求;在(zai)能(neng)耗(hao)(hao)方(fang)面,鋰(li)離子充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)要(yao)滿(man)足(zu)YD/T1591中(zhong)(zhong)關于(yu)效(xiao)率與(yu)無負載能(neng)量消耗(hao)(hao)方(fang)面的(de)要(yao)求,或國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)上的(de)CEC(加州能(neng)源委員會(hui))及能(neng)源之星(EnergyStar)的(de)要(yao)求。

芯片勝在性價比

　　在鋰(li)離子(zi)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)中(zhong),電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)芯片在系統設計(ji)中(zhong)扮演著重要的(de)角色。它是控制鋰(li)離子(zi)充電(dian)(dian)狀態的(de)功率器(qi)件。目前,市(shi)場上主流的(de)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)芯片包括(kuo)技領半(ban)導體(ti)(ACT)、美(mei)國超捷半(ban)導體(ti)(PI)、意(yi)法半(ban)導體(ti)(ST)、飛(fei)思卡(ka)爾(Freescale)、昂寶(OB)及(ji)懷(huai)格有限公司(IW)等廠家的(de)芯片。

　　在這些主(zhu)流芯片(pian)中(zhong),ACT的(de)芯片(pian)單價(jia)最低,各種(zhong)性能都達到了(le)廠(chang)家的(de)要求,因此市場也最火。去年ACT銷售了(le)1億多(duo)個鋰(li)離(li)子充電器(qi)(qi)芯片(pian),中(zhong)國國內(nei)的(de)鋰(li)離(li)子充電器(qi)(qi)廠(chang)商基本(ben)都有(you)基于(yu)ACT芯片(pian)的(de)充電器(qi)(qi)產品系列。此外,PI和(he)ST的(de)產品在市場上(shang)的(de)占有(you)率也非(fei)常高。其中(zhong),PI的(de)產品性能非(fei)常好,但(dan)價(jia)格也非(fei)常貴,以前,外資鋰(li)離(li)子充電器(qi)(qi)廠(chang)商大多(duo)都采用PI的(de)芯片(pian)。而(er)市場上(shang)的(de)主(zhu)流產品型號包括ACT的(de)ACT30和(he)ACT35、ST的(de)VIPER12系列、PI的(de)LNK系列及昂(ang)寶的(de)OB系列。

　　崧順(shun)國際有(you)限(xian)公司研發(fa)部技術(shu)總監喻德茂向記者介(jie)紹說(shuo),鋰(li)離子(zi)充電器企(qi)業在選擇芯(xin)片(pian)時(shi),要考慮芯(xin)片(pian)的性能穩定(ding)度,是否(fou)便于設計生產,價格是否(fou)優惠(hui),是不是能夠滿(man)足(zu)CEC及Energystar等相關要求(qiu)。而東莞(guan)市石龍(long)富華電子(zi)有(you)限(xian)公司開發(fa)中心(xin)經理林俊容表示,他們(men)在選擇時(shi)考慮的是成本(ben)和品質(zhi)的綜(zong)合(he)比(bi)(bi)較,也就(jiu)是性價比(bi)(bi)上的考慮。

　　而充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)芯片廠商主要在(zai)安全性,像控制精度(du)(du)(du)、熱處理等方面改善設計(ji)。像飛思卡(ka)爾(er)日(ri)前推出了一系(xi)列鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)產品MC34671、MC34673和MC34674,具有高精確度(du)(du)(du)和高集成(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)可(ke)以在(zai)整(zheng)個溫度(du)(du)(du)范(fan)圍內提供±0.4%的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓精確度(du)(du)(du)和±5%的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)精確度(du)(du)(du)。這些電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)為單個鋰(li)離子(zi)或鋰(li)聚合物(wu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)提供高達(da)1.2A的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。高輸入電(dian)(dian)壓功能(neng)(最高達(da)28V)是專為消除(chu)手持器(qi)(qi)件所需的(de)外部輸入過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓保護電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)需要而設計(ji)的(de),有助于降(jiang)低系(xi)統成(cheng)本和電(dian)(dian)路(lu)板空間。

　　而與此同時,Maxim(美信)也推出MAX8814首款(kuan)額定(ding)28V的單輸入(ru)(ru)充電器,可以承受高達28V的輸入(ru)(ru)瞬態變化。該(gai)器件通(tong)過集成Maxim專有(you)的溫度及恒流恒壓(ya)(CCCV)調節電路(lu),可以避免快速充電過程中出現過熱,簡化了硬件設計。

　　此外,微芯等企業也都推出了新的鋰離子充電器芯片產(chan)品,而芯片企(qi)業在不斷提高產(chan)品性能、安(an)全性和(he)低(di)功耗(hao)水平(ping)之外,降低(di)成本,提高性價比(bi)也(ye)是應該重點關注的。