在鋰離子充電器產品(pin)中,手(shou)機充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是(shi)市(shi)(shi)場上的主流產品(pin)。雖然(ran)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)市(shi)(shi)場被看(kan)好,但(dan)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池對(dui)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)非常苛刻。設計生產鋰(li)(li)離(li)子充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi),需要(yao)(yao)滿(man)足幾大要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。在鋰(li)(li)離(li)子充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)芯片(pian)在系(xi)統設計中扮演著重要(yao)(yao)的角色。高(gao)性價比(bi)的芯片(pian)受市(shi)(shi)場歡(huan)迎(ying)。

　　在手機、個(ge)人媒體播(bo)放器(qi)(qi)、數(shu)碼相機、導航系統等便攜產品市(shi)場的推(tui)動(dong)下,鋰離子充電器(qi)(qi)市(shi)場的前景(jing)被(bei)業界廣泛看(kan)好。

　　鋰離子充電器市場巨大

　　根據(ju)諾基亞公司的(de)預測(ce),2008年全球手機銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)量將達12億部,比2007年增長10%。即使按照每部手機在出廠時(shi)只配一個鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器,該市場(chang)的(de)需(xu)求也要12億個之多(duo)。根據(ju)市場(chang)調研公司賽迪顧問的(de)預測(ce),2007年中(zhong)國MP3銷(xiao)(xiao)量達到200多(duo)萬臺,與此同時(shi),MP4和MP5等新概念播(bo)放器也突破(po)200萬臺,去年這兩個市場(chang)總計需(xu)要400多(duo)萬個鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器。

　　記者了(le)解到(dao),目前中國是全球鋰(li)離(li)子充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)最(zui)大的(de)(de)生產地(di),去年共計生產了(le)5億(yi)個充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),其中1億(yi)多個銷售在(zai)國內,其余都銷往(wang)國外(wai)。而內地(di)市(shi)場上有超過幾百家的(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制造商,其中大多數為(wei)中小(xiao)型企業,平(ping)均每家廠(chang)商的(de)(de)月產能在(zai)幾十萬個以上,廣東省聚集了(le)最(zui)多的(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制造商。

　　在鋰離子充(chong)電(dian)器產(chan)品(pin)中,手(shou)機充(chong)電(dian)器是市場上的(de)主流產(chan)品(pin)。崧順國際有限公(gong)司(si)研(yan)發部技術總(zong)監喻德茂向《中國電(dian)子報》記(ji)者介紹說(shuo),今年(nian)他們(men)公(gong)司(si)主要(yao)設計生產(chan)手(shou)機充(chong)電(dian)器以(yi)及PDA、MP4、隨身充(chong)等一(yi)些(xie)(xie)特(te)殊的(de)充(chong)電(dian)器。而東莞市石龍富華電(dian)子有限公(gong)司(si)開發中心經理林俊容則(ze)介紹說(shuo),今年(nian)他們(men)設計的(de)手(shou)機充(chong)電(dian)器中,主要(yao)是5V充(chong)電(dian)器,充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流在500mA-800mA之間,這些(xie)(xie)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)特(te)色(se)包括：安全,環保(bao),節能(neng),通用。

　　充(chong)電器(qi)要符(fu)合(he)安全環保法規

　　雖然鋰離子充電器市場被(bei)看好(hao),但鋰離子電池(chi)對充電器的要(yao)(yao)求非(fei)常苛刻,要(yao)(yao)設計生產(chan)鋰離子充電器,需要(yao)(yao)滿足幾大要(yao)(yao)求。其中,基本要(yao)(yao)求是充電時要(yao)(yao)保持特定(ding)的充電電流和充電電壓(ya),即恒(heng)流恒(heng)壓(ya)方式,這(zhe)才(cai)能保證(zheng)電池(chi)的安全(quan)充電。而(er)且(qie),為有效利用電池(chi)容量,需將鋰離子電池(chi)充電至(zhi)最(zui)大電壓(ya),但是過(guo)壓(ya)充電會造成(cheng)電池(chi)損壞,這(zhe)就要(yao)(yao)求過(guo)壓(ya)保護(hu)。

　　另外,鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)還增加(jia)了其(qi)他充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輔(fu)助功能(neng),目的是為了改善(shan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命(ming),簡化充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的操作,其(qi)中包括給(gei)過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用涓流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測,輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)流限制,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)完成后關斷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)部(bu)分(fen)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)后自動啟動充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)。這些所(suo)有及部(bu)分(fen)功能(neng)都可以在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯片(pian)中實現,當然,也可利用ASIC(專用集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路)、分(fen)立器(qi)件(jian)或在微處理器(qi)的基礎上用軟件(jian)實現。

　　而(er)最(zui)近(jin)幾年,解決鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)靜態能(neng)耗(hao)問題也逐步成為充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)設計過程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)一個重要環(huan)節總體來(lai)說,鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)在設計過程(cheng)中(zhong)在安(an)全(quan)、環(huan)保和(he)(he)能(neng)耗(hao)上(shang)(shang)必需滿足(zu)不同的(de)國(guo)際和(he)(he)國(guo)內標準。東(dong)莞市石龍富華電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)有限公司開發中(zhong)心經理林俊容向《中(zhong)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)報》記者介紹說,在安(an)全(quan)方面(mian),鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)要滿足(zu)國(guo)內3C/GB4943的(de)要求(qiu),要取得3C認(ren)證和(he)(he)TLC認(ren)證,還要滿足(zu)YD1591規定(ding),出(chu)口(kou)則(ze)要完全(quan)符(fu)合國(guo)際上(shang)(shang)IEC60950的(de)安(an)全(quan)規定(ding)和(he)(he)要求(qiu);在環(huan)保方面(mian),鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)要符(fu)合《電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)信息產品(pin)污染控制管理辦法》,或要符(fu)合國(guo)際的(de)RoHS要求(qiu);在能(neng)耗(hao)方面(mian),鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)要滿足(zu)YD/T1591中(zhong)關(guan)于效(xiao)率(lv)與無負(fu)載(zai)能(neng)量(liang)消耗(hao)方面(mian)的(de)要求(qiu),或國(guo)際上(shang)(shang)的(de)CEC(加州能(neng)源委員(yuan)會)及能(neng)源之星(EnergyStar)的(de)要求(qiu)。

芯片勝在性價比

　　在(zai)鋰離子充(chong)電器中(zhong),電池充(chong)電器芯(xin)片在(zai)系統設計中(zhong)扮演著重(zhong)要的角(jiao)色。它是控制鋰離子充(chong)電狀(zhuang)態的功(gong)率器件。目(mu)前,市場上主流的充(chong)電器芯(xin)片包括技領半導體(ACT)、美(mei)國(guo)超捷半導體(PI)、意法半導體(ST)、飛思卡爾(Freescale)、昂寶(OB)及懷(huai)格有(you)限公司(si)(IW)等(deng)廠家的芯(xin)片。

　　在(zai)這些主流(liu)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)中(zhong),ACT的(de)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)單價最(zui)低,各種性能(neng)(neng)都(dou)達到了廠(chang)家的(de)要求,因此市場(chang)也(ye)(ye)最(zui)火。去(qu)年ACT銷售了1億多個(ge)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)器芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian),中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)內的(de)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)器廠(chang)商(shang)基(ji)本(ben)都(dou)有基(ji)于ACT芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)器產品(pin)系(xi)(xi)列。此外,PI和ST的(de)產品(pin)在(zai)市場(chang)上的(de)占有率也(ye)(ye)非常(chang)(chang)高。其(qi)中(zhong),PI的(de)產品(pin)性能(neng)(neng)非常(chang)(chang)好,但價格(ge)也(ye)(ye)非常(chang)(chang)貴,以前,外資鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)器廠(chang)商(shang)大多都(dou)采(cai)用PI的(de)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)。而市場(chang)上的(de)主流(liu)產品(pin)型號包括ACT的(de)ACT30和ACT35、ST的(de)VIPER12系(xi)(xi)列、PI的(de)LNK系(xi)(xi)列及昂(ang)寶的(de)OB系(xi)(xi)列。

　　崧順(shun)國際有限公(gong)司研發(fa)部技術總監喻德茂向記者(zhe)介紹說,鋰離子(zi)充電(dian)器企業在選擇芯(xin)片(pian)時(shi),要(yao)考慮芯(xin)片(pian)的(de)(de)性(xing)能穩定度,是(shi)(shi)(shi)否便于設計生產(chan),價(jia)(jia)格是(shi)(shi)(shi)否優惠,是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)能夠滿(man)足CEC及(ji)Energystar等相關要(yao)求。而東(dong)莞市(shi)石龍富華電(dian)子(zi)有限公(gong)司開發(fa)中心經理林俊容表示,他(ta)們在選擇時(shi)考慮的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)本和品質的(de)(de)綜合(he)比較,也就是(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)價(jia)(jia)比上(shang)的(de)(de)考慮。

　　而充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)芯片廠(chang)商(shang)主要在安(an)全性,像控(kong)制精(jing)度(du)(du)、熱處理等方面改善設(she)(she)計。像飛思卡(ka)爾日前推出了一系列鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)產品MC34671、MC34673和(he)MC34674,具有(you)高精(jing)確度(du)(du)和(he)高集成(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)可以在整個(ge)(ge)溫度(du)(du)范圍內(nei)提(ti)供±0.4%的輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)精(jing)確度(du)(du)和(he)±5%的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流精(jing)確度(du)(du)。這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)為單個(ge)(ge)鋰(li)離(li)子或鋰(li)聚合物電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)提(ti)供高達1.2A的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。高輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)功能(最高達28V)是專為消除手持器(qi)件(jian)所需的外部輸(shu)入(ru)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的需要而設(she)(she)計的,有(you)助(zhu)于降低系統成(cheng)(cheng)本和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板空(kong)間(jian)。

　　而與(yu)此同時,Maxim(美信)也推出(chu)(chu)MAX8814首款額定28V的單輸入充(chong)電器,可(ke)以承受(shou)高(gao)達28V的輸入瞬態變化(hua)。該器件通過(guo)集成Maxim專有(you)的溫度(du)及恒(heng)流恒(heng)壓(CCCV)調(diao)節電路,可(ke)以避免快速充(chong)電過(guo)程中出(chu)(chu)現過(guo)熱,簡化(hua)了(le)硬件設計。

　　此外,微芯等企業也都推出了新的鋰離子充電器芯片產(chan)品,而芯片企業在不斷提高(gao)產(chan)品性(xing)(xing)能、安全性(xing)(xing)和(he)低功(gong)耗水平之外,降低成本(ben),提高(gao)性(xing)(xing)價比(bi)也是應該重點關注的。