在鋰離子充電器產品中,手機充電器(qi)(qi)是(shi)市場上的(de)主(zhu)流產品。雖然鋰(li)離子(zi)充電器(qi)(qi)市場被看好,但(dan)鋰(li)離子(zi)電池對(dui)充電器(qi)(qi)的(de)要求非常(chang)苛刻。設計(ji)生產鋰(li)離子(zi)充電器(qi)(qi),需要滿足幾(ji)大要求。在(zai)鋰(li)離子(zi)充電器(qi)(qi)中,電池充電器(qi)(qi)芯(xin)片(pian)在(zai)系統(tong)設計(ji)中扮演(yan)著重要的(de)角(jiao)色。高性(xing)價比的(de)芯(xin)片(pian)受市場歡迎。

　　在手機、個人(ren)媒體(ti)播放器、數(shu)碼相機、導航系(xi)統等(deng)便攜產品市場的推動下,鋰離子充電器市場的前景(jing)被(bei)業界廣泛(fan)看好。

　　鋰離子充電(dian)器市場巨大(da)

　　根(gen)據(ju)諾基亞公司的(de)預測(ce),2008年全球(qiu)手(shou)機(ji)銷售(shou)量(liang)將達12億(yi)部(bu)(bu),比(bi)2007年增長(chang)10%。即使按照每部(bu)(bu)手(shou)機(ji)在出廠時只配一個(ge)鋰離(li)子充電器,該(gai)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)需求(qiu)也(ye)(ye)要12億(yi)個(ge)之(zhi)多。根(gen)據(ju)市(shi)場(chang)調研公司賽迪顧問的(de)預測(ce),2007年中國MP3銷量(liang)達到(dao)200多萬臺,與此同時,MP4和MP5等新概念播放器也(ye)(ye)突破200萬臺,去年這兩(liang)個(ge)市(shi)場(chang)總計需要400多萬個(ge)鋰離(li)子充電器。

　　記者了(le)解到,目前中(zhong)國是全球鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器最大(da)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)地,去年(nian)共計生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)了(le)5億個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器,其(qi)中(zhong)1億多個銷售(shou)在國內,其(qi)余都銷往國外。而內地市場上有超過(guo)幾(ji)(ji)百家(jia)的(de)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器制(zhi)造商(shang),其(qi)中(zhong)大(da)多數(shu)為中(zhong)小型企業,平(ping)均(jun)每(mei)家(jia)廠商(shang)的(de)月產(chan)(chan)能在幾(ji)(ji)十萬個以上,廣東省聚集了(le)最多的(de)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器制(zhi)造商(shang)。

　　在鋰離子充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)產(chan)品中(zhong),手機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是市場上的(de)(de)主(zhu)流(liu)產(chan)品。崧順國(guo)際有(you)限(xian)公司研發部(bu)技術總監(jian)喻德茂向《中(zhong)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子報》記(ji)者介(jie)紹說,今年他(ta)們公司主(zhu)要(yao)設計生產(chan)手機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)以及PDA、MP4、隨身充(chong)等一些特殊的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。而東莞市石龍(long)富華(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子有(you)限(xian)公司開(kai)發中(zhong)心經理(li)林俊(jun)容(rong)則介(jie)紹說,今年他(ta)們設計的(de)(de)手機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong),主(zhu)要(yao)是5V充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在500mA-800mA之間(jian),這(zhe)些產(chan)品的(de)(de)特色包括：安全,環保,節能,通用。

　　充電器(qi)要(yao)符合安全環保法(fa)規

　　雖然鋰離子充電器市場被看(kan)好(hao),但鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對(dui)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求非常苛刻,要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)設計(ji)生(sheng)產鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi),需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)滿(man)足幾大要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。其中,基本要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保持特定的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,即恒流恒壓方式,這才能保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)安全充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。而且,為有效利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量,需將(jiang)鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,但是過壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)損壞,這就要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求過壓保護(hu)。

　　另外,鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)還增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)其他充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輔助功能,目的(de)是(shi)為了(le)改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命,簡(jian)化充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)操作(zuo),其中(zhong)包括給過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)涓流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測,輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流限制,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完成后(hou)關斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)部(bu)(bu)分放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)自(zi)動(dong)啟動(dong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等。這(zhe)些所(suo)有及(ji)部(bu)(bu)分功能都可以在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯片中(zhong)實(shi)現,當然,也(ye)可利用(yong)ASIC(專用(yong)集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路)、分立器件或(huo)在微處(chu)理器的(de)基礎(chu)上用(yong)軟件實(shi)現。

　　而(er)最近幾年,解決鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)(zi)充(chong)電器(qi)的(de)靜態能(neng)耗(hao)問(wen)題也(ye)逐步成為(wei)充(chong)電器(qi)設計過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)一(yi)個重要(yao)(yao)(yao)環節總體來說,鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)(zi)充(chong)電器(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)設計過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)全、環保和(he)能(neng)耗(hao)上必(bi)需滿足(zu)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)國際(ji)和(he)國內標(biao)準。東莞市(shi)石(shi)龍富華電子(zi)(zi)有限公司開發中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心經理(li)(li)林(lin)俊(jun)容向《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國電子(zi)(zi)報》記者介紹(shao)說,在(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)全方面,鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)(zi)充(chong)電器(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足(zu)國內3C/GB4943的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求,要(yao)(yao)(yao)取得3C認證和(he)TLC認證,還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足(zu)YD1591規定(ding),出(chu)口則(ze)要(yao)(yao)(yao)完全符(fu)合國際(ji)上IEC60950的(de)安(an)全規定(ding)和(he)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求;在(zai)(zai)(zai)環保方面,鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)(zi)充(chong)電器(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)符(fu)合《電子(zi)(zi)信(xin)息(xi)產品污染(ran)控制管理(li)(li)辦法》,或(huo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)符(fu)合國際(ji)的(de)RoHS要(yao)(yao)(yao)求;在(zai)(zai)(zai)能(neng)耗(hao)方面,鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)(zi)充(chong)電器(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足(zu)YD/T1591中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)關于效率與(yu)無負載能(neng)量消(xiao)耗(hao)方面的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求,或(huo)國際(ji)上的(de)CEC(加(jia)州能(neng)源委員(yuan)會)及能(neng)源之(zhi)星(EnergyStar)的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。

芯片勝在性價比

　　在(zai)鋰離子(zi)(zi)充電(dian)(dian)器中,電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)器芯(xin)片(pian)在(zai)系(xi)統(tong)設計中扮演(yan)著重要(yao)的(de)角色。它是控(kong)制鋰離子(zi)(zi)充電(dian)(dian)狀態的(de)功率器件。目前,市場上主流的(de)充電(dian)(dian)器芯(xin)片(pian)包括技領半導體(ti)(ACT)、美國超捷半導體(ti)(PI)、意法(fa)半導體(ti)(ST)、飛思卡爾(Freescale)、昂寶(OB)及(ji)懷格(ge)有限公司(IW)等廠家的(de)芯(xin)片(pian)。

　　在這些主(zhu)流芯(xin)片中,ACT的(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)片單價最低,各種性能(neng)都達到了廠家的(de)(de)(de)要求,因(yin)此(ci)市場(chang)也(ye)(ye)最火。去年ACT銷售了1億(yi)多個鋰離(li)子充電器(qi)(qi)芯(xin)片,中國國內的(de)(de)(de)鋰離(li)子充電器(qi)(qi)廠商基(ji)本都有基(ji)于ACT芯(xin)片的(de)(de)(de)充電器(qi)(qi)產品系(xi)列(lie)。此(ci)外,PI和ST的(de)(de)(de)產品在市場(chang)上的(de)(de)(de)占有率也(ye)(ye)非常(chang)高。其中,PI的(de)(de)(de)產品性能(neng)非常(chang)好,但(dan)價格也(ye)(ye)非常(chang)貴,以前(qian),外資鋰離(li)子充電器(qi)(qi)廠商大多都采用PI的(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)片。而市場(chang)上的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)流產品型號包括ACT的(de)(de)(de)ACT30和ACT35、ST的(de)(de)(de)VIPER12系(xi)列(lie)、PI的(de)(de)(de)LNK系(xi)列(lie)及(ji)昂(ang)寶的(de)(de)(de)OB系(xi)列(lie)。

　　崧(song)順國(guo)際有(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)研發(fa)部技術總監(jian)喻德(de)茂向記(ji)者介紹說,鋰離子充電器企業在(zai)選擇(ze)芯(xin)片時,要考(kao)慮(lv)芯(xin)片的性能穩定度,是(shi)(shi)否便于設計生產,價(jia)格是(shi)(shi)否優惠,是(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)能夠滿足(zu)CEC及Energystar等相(xiang)關要求。而(er)東莞市石(shi)龍富(fu)華電子有(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)開發(fa)中心(xin)經(jing)理林俊容(rong)表(biao)示,他們(men)在(zai)選擇(ze)時考(kao)慮(lv)的是(shi)(shi)成本和品質的綜合比較,也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)性價(jia)比上(shang)的考(kao)慮(lv)。

　　而充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)芯片廠商(shang)主要在(zai)安(an)全性,像(xiang)控(kong)制精度、熱(re)處理等方面改(gai)善(shan)設計。像(xiang)飛思卡(ka)爾日(ri)前(qian)推(tui)出了一系列鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)產品(pin)MC34671、MC34673和(he)MC34674,具有高(gao)(gao)精確(que)度和(he)高(gao)(gao)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)度。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)可(ke)以在(zai)整個溫度范圍內提供(gong)±0.4%的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓精確(que)度和(he)±5%的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流精確(que)度。這些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)為單個鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)或(huo)鋰(li)(li)聚合物(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供(gong)高(gao)(gao)達1.2A的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。高(gao)(gao)輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓功能(最高(gao)(gao)達28V)是專為消(xiao)除手(shou)持器(qi)件(jian)所(suo)需的(de)外部輸入過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)需要而設計的(de),有助于降低系統成(cheng)本和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板空間。

　　而與此同時,Maxim(美信)也推出MAX8814首款(kuan)額定28V的(de)(de)單輸入(ru)充電器(qi),可(ke)以承受高達28V的(de)(de)輸入(ru)瞬(shun)態變化。該器(qi)件(jian)通(tong)過集成Maxim專有的(de)(de)溫度及恒流恒壓(ya)(CCCV)調節(jie)電路,可(ke)以避(bi)免快速充電過程中出現過熱,簡化了硬件(jian)設計。

　　此外,微芯等企業也都推出了新的鋰離子充電器芯片產(chan)品,而芯片企業在不斷提高(gao)產(chan)品性(xing)能、安(an)全(quan)性(xing)和低(di)功耗水平之外,降低(di)成本,提高(gao)性(xing)價比也是應該重點(dian)關注的。