在鋰離子充電器產(chan)(chan)品中,手機充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)是市場(chang)上的主(zhu)流產(chan)(chan)品。雖然鋰離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)市場(chang)被(bei)看好,但鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池對充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)的要求非常苛刻。設(she)計(ji)生產(chan)(chan)鋰離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi),需要滿(man)足幾(ji)大(da)要求。在(zai)鋰離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)中,電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)芯片(pian)在(zai)系統設(she)計(ji)中扮演著(zhu)重要的角色。高性價比的芯片(pian)受市場(chang)歡迎。

　　在手機(ji)、個人(ren)媒(mei)體播放器(qi)、數碼(ma)相機(ji)、導航系統等(deng)便(bian)攜產品(pin)市場(chang)(chang)的(de)推動下,鋰離子充電器(qi)市場(chang)(chang)的(de)前景被業界廣泛(fan)看好(hao)。

　　鋰離子充電器市(shi)場巨大

　　根(gen)據諾(nuo)基亞(ya)公司的預測(ce),2008年(nian)(nian)全球手機(ji)銷售量將達12億部,比2007年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長10%。即使按(an)照每部手機(ji)在出(chu)廠時(shi)只配一個(ge)(ge)(ge)鋰離(li)子充電(dian)器,該市場(chang)(chang)(chang)的需求(qiu)也(ye)要12億個(ge)(ge)(ge)之多(duo)。根(gen)據市場(chang)(chang)(chang)調研公司賽迪顧問的預測(ce),2007年(nian)(nian)中國MP3銷量達到200多(duo)萬臺,與(yu)此同(tong)時(shi),MP4和MP5等(deng)新概念播放器也(ye)突破200萬臺,去年(nian)(nian)這(zhe)兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)總計(ji)需要400多(duo)萬個(ge)(ge)(ge)鋰離(li)子充電(dian)器。

　　記者了解(jie)到,目前中(zhong)國(guo)是全(quan)球(qiu)鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器最(zui)大的(de)生產(chan)地,去年(nian)共計生產(chan)了5億(yi)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器,其(qi)中(zhong)1億(yi)多(duo)個(ge)銷售在國(guo)內(nei)(nei),其(qi)余都(dou)銷往國(guo)外(wai)。而內(nei)(nei)地市(shi)場上有超(chao)過幾百家的(de)鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器制造商,其(qi)中(zhong)大多(duo)數為中(zhong)小型企業,平均每(mei)家廠(chang)商的(de)月產(chan)能在幾十萬個(ge)以(yi)上,廣東省(sheng)聚集了最(zui)多(duo)的(de)鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器制造商。

　　在(zai)鋰離子(zi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器產品(pin)中,手(shou)機(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器是市(shi)場上的主流產品(pin)。崧順國(guo)(guo)際有(you)限公司研發部技術(shu)總監喻(yu)德茂向(xiang)《中國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)報》記者介(jie)紹說,今(jin)年(nian)他們公司主要(yao)設計生產手(shou)機(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器以及PDA、MP4、隨身充(chong)(chong)等一些特(te)殊的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。而東莞市(shi)石(shi)龍富華電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)有(you)限公司開發中心經理林俊容(rong)則(ze)介(jie)紹說,今(jin)年(nian)他們設計的手(shou)機(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中,主要(yao)是5V充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)500mA-800mA之間,這些產品(pin)的特(te)色包括：安(an)全,環保,節能(neng),通(tong)用。

　　充電器要符合安全環保(bao)法規(gui)

　　雖然鋰離子充電器市場(chang)被看好(hao),但鋰(li)離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)非常苛刻,要(yao)設計生(sheng)產鋰(li)離(li)(li)子充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器,需(xu)要(yao)滿(man)足幾大要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。其中,基本(ben)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)是充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時要(yao)保持(chi)特定的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,即恒流(liu)恒壓方式,這(zhe)才能保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)安全充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。而且,為有效利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量,需(xu)將鋰(li)離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,但是過(guo)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)損(sun)壞,這(zhe)就要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)過(guo)壓保護。

　　另外,鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)還增加了(le)其他充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輔助功(gong)能(neng)(neng),目的(de)是(shi)為了(le)改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命(ming),簡(jian)化(hua)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)操作(zuo),其中(zhong)包(bao)括給(gei)過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用涓流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓檢測,輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)限(xian)制(zhi),充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完成(cheng)后(hou)關斷充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)部分放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)自動啟動充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等。這些所有及部分功(gong)能(neng)(neng)都可(ke)以(yi)在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯片中(zhong)實(shi)現,當然,也可(ke)利用ASIC(專用集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路)、分立器(qi)件或在微處理器(qi)的(de)基礎上用軟件實(shi)現。

　　而最近幾年,解決鋰離子充(chong)電(dian)器的(de)靜態能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗問題也逐步成為充(chong)電(dian)器設計過程(cheng)中的(de)一個重要(yao)環(huan)節總體來說,鋰離子充(chong)電(dian)器在(zai)設計過程(cheng)中在(zai)安(an)(an)全(quan)、環(huan)保和(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗上(shang)必需滿(man)足不(bu)同的(de)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)和(he)國(guo)(guo)內標準。東莞(guan)市石龍(long)富(fu)華電(dian)子有限公(gong)司開發中心經理林俊容向(xiang)《中國(guo)(guo)電(dian)子報》記者(zhe)介紹說,在(zai)安(an)(an)全(quan)方(fang)面(mian),鋰離子充(chong)電(dian)器要(yao)滿(man)足國(guo)(guo)內3C/GB4943的(de)要(yao)求(qiu),要(yao)取得3C認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)和(he)TLC認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng),還要(yao)滿(man)足YD1591規定(ding)(ding),出口則(ze)要(yao)完全(quan)符合國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)上(shang)IEC60950的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)規定(ding)(ding)和(he)要(yao)求(qiu);在(zai)環(huan)保方(fang)面(mian),鋰離子充(chong)電(dian)器要(yao)符合《電(dian)子信息產品污(wu)染控制管理辦法》,或要(yao)符合國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)的(de)RoHS要(yao)求(qiu);在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗方(fang)面(mian),鋰離子充(chong)電(dian)器要(yao)滿(man)足YD/T1591中關于效率與無負載能(neng)(neng)(neng)量消(xiao)耗方(fang)面(mian)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu),或國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)上(shang)的(de)CEC(加州能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)委(wei)員會)及能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)之星(EnergyStar)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。

芯片勝在性價比

　　在鋰離(li)子(zi)充電(dian)(dian)器中,電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)器芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)在系統設計(ji)中扮演著重要(yao)的角色。它是控制鋰離(li)子(zi)充電(dian)(dian)狀態的功率器件。目前,市場上(shang)主(zhu)流(liu)的充電(dian)(dian)器芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)包(bao)括技領半(ban)(ban)導體(ti)(ti)(ACT)、美國超(chao)捷(jie)半(ban)(ban)導體(ti)(ti)(PI)、意法半(ban)(ban)導體(ti)(ti)(ST)、飛思卡爾(Freescale)、昂寶(OB)及懷格有限公司(IW)等廠家的芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)。

　　在(zai)這些主流芯片(pian)(pian)中,ACT的(de)(de)(de)芯片(pian)(pian)單價(jia)最低,各種性能(neng)(neng)都(dou)達到了廠家的(de)(de)(de)要求,因此(ci)市場也最火。去年ACT銷(xiao)售了1億多個(ge)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充電器(qi)(qi)芯片(pian)(pian),中國國內的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充電器(qi)(qi)廠商(shang)基本(ben)都(dou)有(you)基于ACT芯片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)充電器(qi)(qi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)系(xi)列。此(ci)外,PI和(he)ST的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)在(zai)市場上的(de)(de)(de)占有(you)率也非常高。其(qi)中,PI的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)性能(neng)(neng)非常好,但價(jia)格也非常貴(gui),以前(qian),外資鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充電器(qi)(qi)廠商(shang)大多都(dou)采用PI的(de)(de)(de)芯片(pian)(pian)。而市場上的(de)(de)(de)主流產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)型號包括ACT的(de)(de)(de)ACT30和(he)ACT35、ST的(de)(de)(de)VIPER12系(xi)列、PI的(de)(de)(de)LNK系(xi)列及昂寶的(de)(de)(de)OB系(xi)列。

　　崧順(shun)國際有限(xian)公司研(yan)發部(bu)技術總監(jian)喻德(de)茂向記者介紹說(shuo),鋰(li)離子(zi)充電(dian)器(qi)企業在(zai)選擇芯片時(shi),要考慮芯片的(de)(de)性能穩定度(du),是(shi)否(fou)便于設(she)計生產,價(jia)格是(shi)否(fou)優惠,是(shi)不是(shi)能夠滿足CEC及Energystar等相關(guan)要求(qiu)。而(er)東莞市石(shi)龍富華(hua)電(dian)子(zi)有限(xian)公司開發中心經理(li)林俊容(rong)表(biao)示,他(ta)們在(zai)選擇時(shi)考慮的(de)(de)是(shi)成(cheng)本和(he)品質的(de)(de)綜合(he)比(bi)較,也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)性價(jia)比(bi)上的(de)(de)考慮。

　　而(er)(er)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)芯片廠商主要在(zai)安全(quan)性,像(xiang)控制精(jing)度(du)、熱處(chu)理等方(fang)面改(gai)善設計。像(xiang)飛思卡爾日前推出了一(yi)系列鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)產(chan)品MC34671、MC34673和MC34674,具有高精(jing)確度(du)和高集成(cheng)(cheng)度(du)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)可以(yi)在(zai)整個溫度(du)范(fan)圍內提(ti)供±0.4%的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)精(jing)確度(du)和±5%的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流精(jing)確度(du)。這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)為單個鋰離(li)子或鋰聚合物電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池提(ti)供高達1.2A的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。高輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)功能(最高達28V)是專(zhuan)為消(xiao)除(chu)手持器(qi)件(jian)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)(de)外部輸入過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)需(xu)要而(er)(er)設計的(de)(de),有助于降低系統成(cheng)(cheng)本和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)板空間。

　　而與此(ci)同時,Maxim(美信)也推出(chu)MAX8814首(shou)款額(e)定(ding)28V的單輸入(ru)充電(dian)器(qi),可以(yi)承受(shou)高達28V的輸入(ru)瞬態變化。該器(qi)件通過集成(cheng)Maxim專有的溫度及恒(heng)流(liu)恒(heng)壓(CCCV)調(diao)節(jie)電(dian)路,可以(yi)避免快速充電(dian)過程中出(chu)現過熱,簡化了(le)硬件設(she)計。

　　此外,微芯等企業也都推出了新的鋰離子充電器芯片(pian)(pian)產品,而芯片(pian)(pian)企(qi)業在不(bu)斷提高(gao)產品性(xing)(xing)能、安全性(xing)(xing)和低(di)功耗水平之外,降低(di)成本,提高(gao)性(xing)(xing)價(jia)比(bi)也(ye)是(shi)應該(gai)重(zhong)點關注的。