在鋰離子充電器產(chan)(chan)品中,手機充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)是市場上的(de)(de)主流產(chan)(chan)品。雖然鋰(li)離子(zi)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)市場被看好,但鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池對充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)要求非常苛刻。設(she)計生產(chan)(chan)鋰(li)離子(zi)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi),需要滿足幾大要求。在(zai)鋰(li)離子(zi)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)中,電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)芯片在(zai)系統設(she)計中扮演著重(zhong)要的(de)(de)角(jiao)色(se)。高性價比(bi)的(de)(de)芯片受市場歡(huan)迎。

　　在(zai)手(shou)機(ji)、個人媒體播放器(qi)、數碼相機(ji)、導航系統等便攜產品市(shi)場的(de)推動下(xia),鋰離子充(chong)電器(qi)市(shi)場的(de)前景(jing)被業界廣(guang)泛看(kan)好。

　　鋰離子充(chong)電器市場巨大

　　根據諾基亞公司的(de)(de)預測,2008年(nian)全球手(shou)機銷售量(liang)(liang)將達12億(yi)部(bu),比(bi)2007年(nian)增長10%。即使按(an)照每部(bu)手(shou)機在出廠時(shi)(shi)只配(pei)一(yi)個(ge)鋰(li)離子充電(dian)器(qi)(qi),該市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)需(xu)求也(ye)要12億(yi)個(ge)之(zhi)多。根據市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)調研(yan)公司賽迪顧問的(de)(de)預測,2007年(nian)中國(guo)MP3銷量(liang)(liang)達到200多萬(wan)臺,與此(ci)同(tong)時(shi)(shi),MP4和MP5等新(xin)概念播放(fang)器(qi)(qi)也(ye)突破200萬(wan)臺,去年(nian)這兩個(ge)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)總計需(xu)要400多萬(wan)個(ge)鋰(li)離子充電(dian)器(qi)(qi)。

　　記者了解到,目前中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)是全球(qiu)鋰離子(zi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器最(zui)大的生產(chan)地,去年(nian)共計生產(chan)了5億(yi)個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器,其中(zhong)1億(yi)多個銷售(shou)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)內(nei),其余都銷往國(guo)(guo)外。而內(nei)地市場上(shang)有超過幾百家(jia)(jia)的鋰離子(zi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器制(zhi)造(zao)商(shang),其中(zhong)大多數為中(zhong)小(xiao)型企業,平均(jun)每(mei)家(jia)(jia)廠(chang)商(shang)的月(yue)產(chan)能在(zai)幾十(shi)萬個以上(shang),廣東省(sheng)聚集(ji)了最(zui)多的鋰離子(zi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器制(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)。

　　在鋰離子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)產品中(zhong),手(shou)(shou)機充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)是市(shi)場上的主流產品。崧順(shun)國際有限(xian)公司(si)研發部(bu)技術總監喻德茂向《中(zhong)國電(dian)(dian)子(zi)報》記(ji)者介紹(shao)(shao)說,今(jin)年他們公司(si)主要設計生產手(shou)(shou)機充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)以(yi)及PDA、MP4、隨身充(chong)等一些特殊的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。而(er)東莞(guan)市(shi)石(shi)龍富華電(dian)(dian)子(zi)有限(xian)公司(si)開發中(zhong)心經理林俊容(rong)則介紹(shao)(shao)說,今(jin)年他們設計的手(shou)(shou)機充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)中(zhong),主要是5V充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流在500mA-800mA之間,這些產品的特色(se)包(bao)括：安(an)全(quan),環保,節能,通(tong)用。

　　充電器要(yao)符合安全環(huan)保法規

　　雖然鋰離子充電器市(shi)場(chang)被看好,但(dan)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)要(yao)(yao)求非常苛(ke)刻,要(yao)(yao)設計生產鋰離子(zi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器,需要(yao)(yao)滿(man)足幾大(da)要(yao)(yao)求。其中,基本要(yao)(yao)求是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時要(yao)(yao)保持特(te)定的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓,即恒流恒壓方式,這(zhe)才能保證電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)安全充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。而(er)且,為有效利用電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量,需將鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)至最大(da)電(dian)(dian)壓,但(dan)是(shi)過壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)會(hui)造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)損壞,這(zhe)就要(yao)(yao)求過壓保護。

　　另外,鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)還(huan)增加了其他充(chong)電(dian)(dian)輔助(zhu)功能(neng),目(mu)的是(shi)為了改善電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命,簡(jian)化充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的操作,其中(zhong)包括給過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用涓(juan)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian),電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測,輸入電(dian)(dian)流限制,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)完成(cheng)后關斷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)部分(fen)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)后自動(dong)啟動(dong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)等。這些所有及部分(fen)功能(neng)都可以(yi)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)芯片中(zhong)實(shi)現,當然,也可利用ASIC(專(zhuan)用集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路)、分(fen)立器件或在(zai)微處理器的基礎上用軟件實(shi)現。

　　而最近(jin)幾(ji)年,解決鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)靜態(tai)能(neng)耗問題也(ye)逐步成(cheng)為充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)設(she)計(ji)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)一個(ge)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)環節總體來說(shuo),鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)在(zai)設(she)計(ji)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)安全、環保(bao)和能(neng)耗上(shang)必需(xu)滿足不同的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)內標準。東莞市石龍富華電(dian)(dian)子(zi)有(you)限公司開發(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)心經理林俊容向《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)報》記(ji)者介(jie)紹(shao)說(shuo),在(zai)安全方面(mian)(mian),鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足國(guo)(guo)(guo)內3C/GB4943的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)取得(de)3C認證和TLC認證,還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足YD1591規定,出口則(ze)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)完全符(fu)合(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)上(shang)IEC60950的(de)安全規定和要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu);在(zai)環保(bao)方面(mian)(mian),鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)符(fu)合(he)《電(dian)(dian)子(zi)信息(xi)產品污染控制管理辦法》,或要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)符(fu)合(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)的(de)RoHS要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu);在(zai)能(neng)耗方面(mian)(mian),鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足YD/T1591中(zhong)(zhong)關(guan)于(yu)效率(lv)與無負載能(neng)量消耗方面(mian)(mian)的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),或國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)上(shang)的(de)CEC(加州(zhou)能(neng)源(yuan)委員會)及能(neng)源(yuan)之星(EnergyStar)的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。

芯片勝在性價比

　　在鋰離子充(chong)電(dian)器中,電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)器芯片(pian)在系統設計中扮演(yan)著重要(yao)的(de)角(jiao)色。它是控制鋰離子充(chong)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態的(de)功率器件。目前,市(shi)場上主流(liu)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)器芯片(pian)包(bao)括(kuo)技領半導體(ti)(ACT)、美國超捷(jie)半導體(ti)(PI)、意(yi)法(fa)半導體(ti)(ST)、飛思(si)卡爾(Freescale)、昂寶(bao)(OB)及懷格有限公司(IW)等廠家的(de)芯片(pian)。

　　在這些主流芯(xin)片中(zhong),ACT的(de)芯(xin)片單價(jia)最(zui)低(di),各(ge)種性(xing)能都(dou)達到了廠(chang)家的(de)要(yao)求,因此市(shi)場也(ye)最(zui)火。去年ACT銷售了1億多(duo)個鋰(li)離子(zi)充電器(qi)(qi)芯(xin)片,中(zhong)國國內的(de)鋰(li)離子(zi)充電器(qi)(qi)廠(chang)商基本都(dou)有基于ACT芯(xin)片的(de)充電器(qi)(qi)產品(pin)系列(lie)。此外,PI和(he)ST的(de)產品(pin)在市(shi)場上的(de)占有率也(ye)非常高。其中(zhong),PI的(de)產品(pin)性(xing)能非常好,但價(jia)格也(ye)非常貴,以(yi)前,外資鋰(li)離子(zi)充電器(qi)(qi)廠(chang)商大多(duo)都(dou)采用(yong)PI的(de)芯(xin)片。而市(shi)場上的(de)主流產品(pin)型號包括(kuo)ACT的(de)ACT30和(he)ACT35、ST的(de)VIPER12系列(lie)、PI的(de)LNK系列(lie)及昂寶的(de)OB系列(lie)。

　　崧順國際(ji)有限(xian)公司研(yan)發部(bu)技術總監喻(yu)德茂向記者介紹說,鋰(li)離子充電器企業(ye)在選(xuan)(xuan)擇芯片(pian)時(shi),要(yao)考(kao)慮芯片(pian)的(de)性能(neng)穩(wen)定度,是否便(bian)于設計生(sheng)產(chan),價格(ge)是否優惠,是不(bu)是能(neng)夠滿足CEC及Energystar等相(xiang)關要(yao)求。而東莞市(shi)石龍富華(hua)電子有限(xian)公司開發中心經理林俊容表示,他們在選(xuan)(xuan)擇時(shi)考(kao)慮的(de)是成(cheng)本(ben)和品質的(de)綜合比較(jiao),也就是性價比上的(de)考(kao)慮。

　　而(er)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)芯片廠商主要在(zai)安全性,像控制精(jing)(jing)度、熱處(chu)理等方面(mian)改(gai)善設(she)計(ji)。像飛思卡爾日(ri)前推出了一系列鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路產品MC34671、MC34673和MC34674,具有高精(jing)(jing)確度和高集(ji)成(cheng)度。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路可以在(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)溫(wen)度范圍內提供(gong)±0.4%的(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓精(jing)(jing)確度和±5%的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)精(jing)(jing)確度。這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路為單個(ge)鋰離子(zi)或鋰聚合(he)物電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供(gong)高達1.2A的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。高輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓功能(neng)(最(zui)高達28V)是專為消除手持器(qi)件(jian)所需(xu)的(de)(de)外部輸(shu)入過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)需(xu)要而(er)設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de),有助于(yu)降低系統成(cheng)本(ben)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板(ban)空間(jian)。

　　而(er)與(yu)此同時,Maxim(美信)也推出MAX8814首款額(e)定28V的(de)單輸入充電器(qi),可以承受高(gao)達28V的(de)輸入瞬態(tai)變(bian)化。該器(qi)件通(tong)過(guo)集成(cheng)Maxim專有(you)的(de)溫(wen)度及恒(heng)流恒(heng)壓(CCCV)調節(jie)電路,可以避(bi)免快速充電過(guo)程中出現過(guo)熱,簡(jian)化了硬件設計。

　　此外,微芯等企業也都推出了新的鋰離子充電器芯片產品,而芯片企業在不斷提高產品性能(neng)、安全性和低功(gong)耗(hao)水平之外(wai),降低成本(ben),提高性價比(bi)也是(shi)應該(gai)重點關(guan)注的(de)。