在鋰離子充電器產(chan)品中,手機充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器是市(shi)(shi)場上(shang)的(de)主(zhu)流產(chan)品。雖然鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器市(shi)(shi)場被看好,但鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)要求非常苛刻。設(she)計生產(chan)鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器,需要滿足幾大要求。在(zai)鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器中,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器芯(xin)片在(zai)系統設(she)計中扮演著重(zhong)要的(de)角(jiao)色。高性價(jia)比的(de)芯(xin)片受市(shi)(shi)場歡迎(ying)。

　　在手機(ji)、個人媒體播放器、數碼相機(ji)、導航系統(tong)等(deng)便攜產(chan)品市(shi)場的推動下,鋰離子充電器市(shi)場的前(qian)景被業界廣泛看好(hao)。

　　鋰離子充電(dian)器市場巨大

　　根據諾基亞(ya)公(gong)司(si)的預測,2008年(nian)全球手(shou)機銷售量將達12億部,比2007年(nian)增長10%。即使按照每部手(shou)機在出(chu)廠時(shi)只配一個鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi),該市(shi)場(chang)的需求也要12億個之多(duo)。根據市(shi)場(chang)調研公(gong)司(si)賽迪顧(gu)問(wen)的預測,2007年(nian)中國MP3銷量達到200多(duo)萬(wan)(wan)臺,與此同時(shi),MP4和MP5等新概念播放器(qi)也突破200萬(wan)(wan)臺,去年(nian)這(zhe)兩(liang)個市(shi)場(chang)總計(ji)需要400多(duo)萬(wan)(wan)個鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)。

　　記者了(le)解(jie)到,目前(qian)中(zhong)國是(shi)全球鋰(li)離(li)子充電(dian)器最大(da)的生(sheng)產地,去年共(gong)計生(sheng)產了(le)5億個(ge)充電(dian)器,其(qi)中(zhong)1億多個(ge)銷售在(zai)國內,其(qi)余都銷往國外。而內地市場上有超過幾百家(jia)的鋰(li)離(li)子充電(dian)器制造商,其(qi)中(zhong)大(da)多數為中(zhong)小型企(qi)業,平均每家(jia)廠商的月(yue)產能在(zai)幾十萬個(ge)以上,廣東省聚集了(le)最多的鋰(li)離(li)子充電(dian)器制造商。

　　在(zai)(zai)鋰離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)器產(chan)品(pin)中(zhong),手(shou)機充(chong)電(dian)器是(shi)(shi)市場(chang)上的主流(liu)產(chan)品(pin)。崧順國際有限公(gong)司研發(fa)部技術總(zong)監(jian)喻德茂向《中(zhong)國電(dian)子(zi)報(bao)》記者介紹(shao)說(shuo),今年他們(men)公(gong)司主要(yao)設(she)計生產(chan)手(shou)機充(chong)電(dian)器以及PDA、MP4、隨身(shen)充(chong)等(deng)一些特(te)殊的充(chong)電(dian)器。而東莞市石龍富華電(dian)子(zi)有限公(gong)司開發(fa)中(zhong)心經(jing)理林(lin)俊容則介紹(shao)說(shuo),今年他們(men)設(she)計的手(shou)機充(chong)電(dian)器中(zhong),主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)5V充(chong)電(dian)器,充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)在(zai)(zai)500mA-800mA之間,這些產(chan)品(pin)的特(te)色包括(kuo)：安(an)全,環保,節能,通用。

　　充電(dian)器要符合(he)安(an)全環保(bao)法規

　　雖然鋰離子充電器市場被看好,但鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池對充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的要求(qiu)(qiu)非(fei)常苛(ke)刻,要設計生產鋰離子(zi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi),需要滿足幾大(da)要求(qiu)(qiu)。其(qi)中,基(ji)本要求(qiu)(qiu)是充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)要保(bao)持(chi)特定的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),即恒流恒壓(ya)方式(shi),這才能保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的安全充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。而且,為(wei)有(you)效利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量,需將(jiang)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),但是過壓(ya)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池損壞,這就要求(qiu)(qiu)過壓(ya)保(bao)護。

　　另外,鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)還(huan)增加了(le)其他充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輔(fu)助功能(neng),目的(de)(de)是為了(le)改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命(ming),簡(jian)化充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)操作,其中包(bao)括給過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用(yong)涓流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓檢測(ce),輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)流限制,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)完成后關(guan)斷充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)部分放電(dian)(dian)(dian)后自動啟動充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)。這些所有及部分功能(neng)都(dou)可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯片(pian)中實現(xian),當然,也(ye)可(ke)利用(yong)ASIC(專用(yong)集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路)、分立器件(jian)(jian)或在(zai)(zai)微處理器的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)用(yong)軟件(jian)(jian)實現(xian)。

　　而最近幾年,解(jie)決鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)靜態能(neng)耗(hao)問(wen)題也(ye)逐步成為充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)設(she)計(ji)過程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)一個(ge)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)環(huan)節總體(ti)來(lai)說,鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)在(zai)(zai)設(she)計(ji)過程中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)安(an)全、環(huan)保和(he)(he)能(neng)耗(hao)上(shang)(shang)必(bi)需滿足(zu)不同的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)標準。東莞市石龍富(fu)華電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)有限公司開(kai)發(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)心經理(li)林俊容向《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)報》記者介紹說,在(zai)(zai)安(an)全方面,鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足(zu)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)3C/GB4943的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)取得3C認證(zheng)和(he)(he)TLC認證(zheng),還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足(zu)YD1591規定(ding),出口則(ze)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)完全符(fu)合(he)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)上(shang)(shang)IEC60950的(de)(de)安(an)全規定(ding)和(he)(he)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu);在(zai)(zai)環(huan)保方面,鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)符(fu)合(he)《電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)信息產(chan)品(pin)污染控制管理(li)辦法》,或要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)符(fu)合(he)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)的(de)(de)RoHS要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu);在(zai)(zai)能(neng)耗(hao)方面,鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足(zu)YD/T1591中(zhong)(zhong)關于效(xiao)率與無(wu)負載能(neng)量消(xiao)耗(hao)方面的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu),或國(guo)(guo)際(ji)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)CEC(加(jia)州(zhou)能(neng)源委員(yuan)會)及能(neng)源之星(EnergyStar)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。

芯片勝在性價比

　　在鋰離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電器中(zhong)(zhong),電池(chi)充(chong)電器芯(xin)(xin)片在系統設計中(zhong)(zhong)扮演(yan)著重要的角色。它(ta)是控制鋰離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電狀態的功率器件。目前(qian),市(shi)場上主流的充(chong)電器芯(xin)(xin)片包括技(ji)領(ling)半(ban)(ban)導體(ti)(ti)(ACT)、美國(guo)超(chao)捷(jie)半(ban)(ban)導體(ti)(ti)(PI)、意法半(ban)(ban)導體(ti)(ti)(ST)、飛思卡爾(Freescale)、昂寶(OB)及懷格有限公司(IW)等(deng)廠(chang)家(jia)的芯(xin)(xin)片。

　　在(zai)(zai)這些主(zhu)(zhu)流芯片(pian)(pian)中,ACT的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芯片(pian)(pian)單價(jia)最低,各種性(xing)能都達(da)到(dao)了廠(chang)(chang)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求,因(yin)此市(shi)場也(ye)最火(huo)。去年ACT銷售(shou)了1億多個鋰(li)離(li)子充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)芯片(pian)(pian),中國國內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)廠(chang)(chang)商(shang)基本都有基于ACT芯片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)產品(pin)(pin)系(xi)列(lie)。此外,PI和ST的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)市(shi)場上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)有率也(ye)非(fei)常高。其中,PI的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)(pin)性(xing)能非(fei)常好,但(dan)價(jia)格也(ye)非(fei)常貴,以(yi)前,外資鋰(li)離(li)子充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)廠(chang)(chang)商(shang)大多都采用PI的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芯片(pian)(pian)。而(er)市(shi)場上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)流產品(pin)(pin)型號包括ACT的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ACT30和ACT35、ST的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)VIPER12系(xi)列(lie)、PI的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)LNK系(xi)列(lie)及(ji)昂寶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)OB系(xi)列(lie)。

　　崧(song)順國際(ji)有(you)限公(gong)司研發(fa)(fa)部技術總監喻德茂向記者(zhe)介(jie)紹(shao)說(shuo),鋰離子充電(dian)器企業在選(xuan)擇芯片時,要考慮(lv)芯片的(de)性(xing)能穩(wen)定(ding)度,是(shi)(shi)否(fou)便于設計生產,價(jia)格是(shi)(shi)否(fou)優惠,是(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)能夠滿足CEC及(ji)Energystar等相關(guan)要求。而東莞(guan)市石龍富華電(dian)子有(you)限公(gong)司開發(fa)(fa)中心(xin)經理林(lin)俊容表示,他(ta)們在選(xuan)擇時考慮(lv)的(de)是(shi)(shi)成本和品質的(de)綜合(he)比(bi)較,也就是(shi)(shi)性(xing)價(jia)比(bi)上(shang)的(de)考慮(lv)。

　　而(er)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器芯片廠商主要(yao)在(zai)安全性,像(xiang)控制(zhi)精(jing)(jing)度、熱處理等方面改善設計(ji)。像(xiang)飛思(si)卡爾(er)日前推出(chu)了(le)一(yi)系列鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器集(ji)成電(dian)(dian)路產品MC34671、MC34673和(he)MC34674,具有高精(jing)(jing)確(que)(que)度和(he)高集(ji)成度。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器集(ji)成電(dian)(dian)路可以在(zai)整個溫度范圍內提供±0.4%的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)精(jing)(jing)確(que)(que)度和(he)±5%的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流精(jing)(jing)確(que)(que)度。這些電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器集(ji)成電(dian)(dian)路為單個鋰離子(zi)或鋰聚合物電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)提供高達1.2A的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流。高輸入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)功(gong)能(最高達28V)是專為消除手持器件所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)外部輸入過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)保護電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)而(er)設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de),有助于降低(di)系統(tong)成本和(he)電(dian)(dian)路板(ban)空間。

　　而(er)與此同時,Maxim(美信)也推出MAX8814首款(kuan)額定28V的單輸入充(chong)電器(qi),可以(yi)承受高達28V的輸入瞬態變化。該(gai)器(qi)件通(tong)過(guo)(guo)集成Maxim專(zhuan)有的溫度及恒(heng)流恒(heng)壓(CCCV)調(diao)節(jie)電路(lu),可以(yi)避(bi)免(mian)快速充(chong)電過(guo)(guo)程中出現過(guo)(guo)熱,簡化了硬件設(she)計。

　　此外,微芯等企業也都推出了新的鋰離子充電器芯(xin)片產(chan)品,而芯(xin)片企業在不斷提(ti)高產(chan)品性能、安(an)全性和低功耗(hao)水平之外,降低成本(ben),提(ti)高性價比也是(shi)應該重(zhong)點關注的。