在鋰離子充電器產(chan)品中,手機充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是市(shi)場上的(de)主流產(chan)品。雖然鋰離(li)(li)子充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)市(shi)場被看(kan)好(hao),但鋰離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)要(yao)求非常苛刻。設(she)計(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)鋰離(li)(li)子充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi),需要(yao)滿足幾大(da)要(yao)求。在鋰離(li)(li)子充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)芯片(pian)在系(xi)統設(she)計(ji)中扮演著重要(yao)的(de)角色。高性價比(bi)的(de)芯片(pian)受(shou)市(shi)場歡迎。

　　在手機(ji)、個人(ren)媒(mei)體播(bo)放器(qi)、數碼(ma)相(xiang)機(ji)、導(dao)航系統等便攜產品市(shi)場(chang)的推動下,鋰離子(zi)充(chong)電器(qi)市(shi)場(chang)的前景被業界廣(guang)泛看好。

　　鋰(li)離子(zi)充電器市(shi)場(chang)巨(ju)大

　　根(gen)據諾基亞公司(si)的預測(ce),2008年全球(qiu)手機銷(xiao)售量(liang)將達12億部,比(bi)2007年增長10%。即使按照(zhao)每(mei)部手機在(zai)出廠(chang)時(shi)只(zhi)配(pei)一個(ge)鋰離(li)子充電(dian)器(qi),該(gai)市場(chang)的需求(qiu)也要12億個(ge)之多。根(gen)據市場(chang)調研公司(si)賽迪(di)顧(gu)問的預測(ce),2007年中國MP3銷(xiao)量(liang)達到(dao)200多萬臺(tai),與(yu)此同(tong)時(shi),MP4和MP5等(deng)新概念播放器(qi)也突破200萬臺(tai),去年這兩個(ge)市場(chang)總計需要400多萬個(ge)鋰離(li)子充電(dian)器(qi)。

　　記者了(le)(le)解到(dao),目前中國是全(quan)球(qiu)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電器(qi)最大的生(sheng)產(chan)地,去(qu)年共計生(sheng)產(chan)了(le)(le)5億個(ge)(ge)充(chong)電器(qi),其中1億多(duo)個(ge)(ge)銷售在國內,其余都銷往國外。而(er)內地市場上(shang)有超過幾百(bai)家的鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電器(qi)制(zhi)造(zao)商,其中大多(duo)數為中小型企(qi)業(ye),平(ping)均每家廠商的月(yue)產(chan)能在幾十萬個(ge)(ge)以上(shang),廣東省聚集了(le)(le)最多(duo)的鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)充(chong)電器(qi)制(zhi)造(zao)商。

　　在(zai)(zai)鋰(li)離子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)產(chan)品中(zhong),手機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)是市場上的(de)主流(liu)產(chan)品。崧順國(guo)際(ji)有限公(gong)司研(yan)發部(bu)技術總監喻德茂向《中(zhong)國(guo)電(dian)子(zi)報》記者介紹說,今年(nian)他(ta)(ta)們(men)公(gong)司主要(yao)設(she)計生產(chan)手機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)以及(ji)PDA、MP4、隨(sui)身(shen)充(chong)等一(yi)些(xie)特(te)(te)殊(shu)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)。而(er)東莞市石(shi)龍(long)富華(hua)電(dian)子(zi)有限公(gong)司開(kai)發中(zhong)心經理林(lin)俊(jun)容則介紹說,今年(nian)他(ta)(ta)們(men)設(she)計的(de)手機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong),主要(yao)是5V充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi),充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)在(zai)(zai)500mA-800mA之(zhi)間,這些(xie)產(chan)品的(de)特(te)(te)色包(bao)括：安(an)全(quan),環保(bao),節能,通用。

　　充(chong)電器(qi)要符合(he)安全環保法(fa)規(gui)

　　雖然鋰離子充電器市場被(bei)看好,但(dan)(dan)鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的要求(qiu)(qiu)非常(chang)苛刻,要設計(ji)生產鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi),需(xu)(xu)要滿足(zu)幾大(da)要求(qiu)(qiu)。其(qi)中,基(ji)本(ben)要求(qiu)(qiu)是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時要保持特定的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,即恒流恒壓方(fang)式,這才能(neng)保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的安全充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。而且,為有效(xiao)利(li)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量,需(xu)(xu)將鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,但(dan)(dan)是過(guo)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)損壞,這就要求(qiu)(qiu)過(guo)壓保護(hu)。

　　另(ling)外,鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池還(huan)增加了其(qi)(qi)他充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輔助功能,目的是為了改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命,簡化充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的操作,其(qi)(qi)中包括給過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用涓流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓檢測,輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流限制,充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完成(cheng)(cheng)后關斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池部分(fen)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后自動啟動充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等。這些(xie)所有及(ji)部分(fen)功能都(dou)可以在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯片中實(shi)現(xian),當然(ran),也可利用ASIC(專(zhuan)用集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路)、分(fen)立(li)器(qi)(qi)件或(huo)在微處理器(qi)(qi)的基礎上(shang)用軟(ruan)件實(shi)現(xian)。

　　而最(zui)近幾(ji)年,解(jie)決鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器的(de)(de)靜態(tai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗問題也逐步成為(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器設計(ji)(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)一(yi)個重要(yao)環節總體來說,鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器在(zai)設計(ji)(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)安全(quan)、環保(bao)和(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗上(shang)(shang)必(bi)需滿足(zu)(zu)(zu)不同的(de)(de)國(guo)際和(he)國(guo)內(nei)標準。東莞(guan)市石(shi)龍富華電子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司開發(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)經理(li)林(lin)俊容向《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)電子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)報(bao)》記者(zhe)介紹說,在(zai)安全(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian),鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器要(yao)滿足(zu)(zu)(zu)國(guo)內(nei)3C/GB4943的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu),要(yao)取(qu)得3C認證(zheng)和(he)TLC認證(zheng),還要(yao)滿足(zu)(zu)(zu)YD1591規定(ding),出口則要(yao)完(wan)全(quan)符(fu)合國(guo)際上(shang)(shang)IEC60950的(de)(de)安全(quan)規定(ding)和(he)要(yao)求(qiu);在(zai)環保(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian),鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器要(yao)符(fu)合《電子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)信息產品污(wu)染控制管理(li)辦(ban)法》,或(huo)(huo)要(yao)符(fu)合國(guo)際的(de)(de)RoHS要(yao)求(qiu);在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian),鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器要(yao)滿足(zu)(zu)(zu)YD/T1591中(zhong)(zhong)關于效率(lv)與無負載能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)消耗方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu),或(huo)(huo)國(guo)際上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)CEC(加州能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源委員(yuan)會)及能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源之星(EnergyStar)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。

芯片勝在性價比

　　在鋰離子充(chong)(chong)電器中(zhong),電池充(chong)(chong)電器芯片在系統設計(ji)中(zhong)扮演著重要的(de)角色。它(ta)是控制鋰離子充(chong)(chong)電狀態的(de)功率器件(jian)。目前,市場上主流的(de)充(chong)(chong)電器芯片包括技領半(ban)導(dao)(dao)體(ACT)、美國超捷半(ban)導(dao)(dao)體(PI)、意法半(ban)導(dao)(dao)體(ST)、飛(fei)思卡爾(Freescale)、昂寶(OB)及懷格有限公司(si)(IW)等廠(chang)家的(de)芯片。

　　在這些(xie)主流芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)中,ACT的(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)單價(jia)最低,各種性(xing)(xing)能(neng)都(dou)達到了廠家的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求,因此(ci)市場也最火。去年ACT銷售了1億(yi)多個鋰離子充電(dian)器(qi)芯(xin)片(pian)(pian),中國國內的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰離子充電(dian)器(qi)廠商基本(ben)都(dou)有基于ACT芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)器(qi)產(chan)品(pin)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)。此(ci)外(wai),PI和(he)ST的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)在市場上的(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)有率(lv)也非(fei)常高。其(qi)中,PI的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)非(fei)常好,但價(jia)格也非(fei)常貴,以前,外(wai)資鋰離子充電(dian)器(qi)廠商大多都(dou)采用(yong)PI的(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)。而(er)市場上的(de)(de)(de)(de)主流產(chan)品(pin)型號包括ACT的(de)(de)(de)(de)ACT30和(he)ACT35、ST的(de)(de)(de)(de)VIPER12系(xi)(xi)列(lie)、PI的(de)(de)(de)(de)LNK系(xi)(xi)列(lie)及(ji)昂寶(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)OB系(xi)(xi)列(lie)。

　　崧順(shun)國際有限公司研(yan)發(fa)部技術(shu)總(zong)監喻德茂(mao)向記者介紹(shao)說,鋰離子充電器企業在(zai)選(xuan)擇芯片(pian)時(shi),要考(kao)慮芯片(pian)的(de)(de)性(xing)能穩(wen)定度,是(shi)否(fou)便于設(she)計生產(chan),價格是(shi)否(fou)優(you)惠,是(shi)不是(shi)能夠滿足CEC及Energystar等相關要求。而東莞市石龍富華電子有限公司開發(fa)中心經理林俊容表(biao)示,他們在(zai)選(xuan)擇時(shi)考(kao)慮的(de)(de)是(shi)成本(ben)和(he)品質的(de)(de)綜合(he)比(bi)較(jiao),也就是(shi)性(xing)價比(bi)上(shang)的(de)(de)考(kao)慮。

　　而充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)芯片(pian)廠(chang)商主要在安全性,像(xiang)控(kong)制精度、熱(re)處(chu)理等方(fang)面改善設計(ji)。像(xiang)飛思卡爾日前推出(chu)了一系(xi)列鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路產品MC34671、MC34673和MC34674,具有高(gao)精確度和高(gao)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)度。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路可以在整個(ge)溫度范圍內提供(gong)±0.4%的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓精確度和±5%的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流精確度。這些(xie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路為單個(ge)鋰(li)離子或(huo)鋰(li)聚合物電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)提供(gong)高(gao)達1.2A的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流。高(gao)輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓功能(最高(gao)達28V)是專為消(xiao)除手持器(qi)件所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)外部輸(shu)入過電(dian)(dian)壓保護電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要而設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de),有助(zhu)于降低系(xi)統成(cheng)本(ben)和電(dian)(dian)路板空間。

　　而(er)與此(ci)同時,Maxim(美信)也推出MAX8814首款額定28V的單輸(shu)(shu)入充電器,可(ke)以承受高達(da)28V的輸(shu)(shu)入瞬(shun)態變(bian)化。該器件(jian)通過集成Maxim專有(you)的溫度及(ji)恒流恒壓(CCCV)調節電路,可(ke)以避免(mian)快速充電過程中(zhong)出現過熱,簡(jian)化了(le)硬件(jian)設計(ji)。

　　此外,微芯等企業也都推出了新的鋰離子充電器芯(xin)片產品,而芯(xin)片企業在(zai)不斷提高(gao)(gao)產品性(xing)能(neng)、安全性(xing)和低功耗水平(ping)之外(wai),降(jiang)低成本(ben),提高(gao)(gao)性(xing)價比(bi)也是應(ying)該重(zhong)點關注的。