關于電動車充電器的各項問題
充電器是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車四大核心部(bu)件(jian)之(zhi)一,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)好壞嚴重影響著蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使用壽(shou)命。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)主要由整流(liu)(liu)濾(lv)波、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)開關、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)交換(huan)、恒壓(ya)(ya)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制等幾個(ge)部(bu)分組成。其中整流(liu)(liu)濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)用途(tu)是將交流(liu)(liu)220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)轉變為(wei)支流(liu)(liu)300V左右的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),通過高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)交換(huan),產生充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)所需的(de)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),再(zai)由充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)控制后對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),采用這種方式(shi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)具有體積小、重量輕、效率高(gao)等優(you)點(dian)。
充電器的使用和保養
充電器的正確使用,不僅僅影響到充電器自身的可靠性和使用壽命,而且還會影響到電池的壽命。使用充電器對蓄電池充電時,請先插上充電器的輸出插頭,后插輸入插頭。充電時,充電器的電源指示燈顯示紅色,充電指示燈也顯示為紅色。充滿后,充電指示燈為綠色。停止充電時,請先拔下充電器的輸入插頭,后拔充電器的輸出插頭。通常情況下,對電池的過度放電和過度充電是有害的。因此,要勤充電,不要過充電。
電池的使用壽命與其放電深度有很大的關系。鉛酸蓄電池尤其怕虧電放量。虧電電池使用過后請盡快充電。對于長期不使用的電池,應每隔15天左右對電池充電一次,以補償電池存放時的自放電電量的損失。
電池充電器在使用過程中需防潮、防濕,并放置在通風良好的地方。充電器工作時有一定的溫升,請注意散熱,通常充電時間在7-8小時,視電池的使用狀態而不同。
充電(dian)器(qi)屬于較精(jing)密的(de)電(dian)子設(she)備,因此,在使用中要(yao)注意防振動(dong)。盡量不要(yao)隨車(che)攜帶,如確要(yao)攜帶,應將充電(dian)器(qi)用減振材料包裝好(hao)后放(fang)置(zhi)于車(che)上(shang)工具箱內,并應注
充電器的故障與檢修
一、輸出電壓正常,但充電電流很小
遇到這(zhe)種情況時,應該(gai)檢查(cha)電(dian)壓元器(qi)(qi)件是否有接觸不(bu)良或損(sun)壞,如果一切正常,那么要更換充電(dian)器(qi)(qi)來(lai)排除(chu)故障。
二、嚴重發熱,甚至有外殼燒化變形現象
這主要(yao)是部分(fen)用戶經常隨車攜帶充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)造成部分(fen)元(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件松動引起的故障。主要(yao)表現為:電(dian)壓工作狀(zhuang)態不(bu)(bu)正常,熱量(liang)很大,嚴重(zhong)時充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外殼(ke)變形,電(dian)路板(ban)燒焦,導致電(dian)壓損壞(huai)。可將虛焊處重(zhong)新(xin)焊接(jie)好。如仍不(bu)(bu)能排除故障,則需檢查是否有元(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件開路。
三、充電時電源指示燈亮,充電指示燈橙色
首先請檢查一下充電器輸出插頭與電池盒的充電插頭有沒有插緊。如確定沒有問題,可檢查一下電池盒上面的保險絲是否有開路或保險絲座松動接觸不良現象。
另外,有的車型要把電池鎖打開后才能充電。如果以上故障均排除,考慮一下充電器輸出線是否開路,可用萬用表電壓檔(200V檔)測量一下充電器的空載輸出電壓,應為41-44V(配36V電池因充電器不同有所不同)如果沒有話,可能是充電器輸出線開路,并將充電器打開,換一根輸出線,即可排除故障。
注(zhu)意(yi):在(zai)更換(huan)充電器的(de)輸(shu)出線時(shi),一定要注(zhu)意(yi)原機的(de)正負極不要接(jie)反。
四、電源指示燈不亮,充電指示燈也不亮
檢查(cha)充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸入(ru)(ru)電源(yuan)(yuan)插(cha)頭是(shi)否(fou)連(lian)接(jie)好,可將充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸入(ru)(ru)插(cha)頭插(cha)至正常的(de)電源(yuan)(yuan)插(cha)座中,若情(qing)況依舊,將充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)外殼打開,觀察一(yi)下(xia)機內保險絲(si)連(lian)接(jie)是(shi)否(fou)完好,有無(wu)(wu)斷路(lu),如(ru)沒有斷路(lu),先檢查(cha)電源(yuan)(yuan)輸入(ru)(ru)線是(shi)否(fou)良(liang)好,在排除電源(yuan)(yuan)輸入(ru)(ru)線的(de)故障后,應(ying)檢查(cha)一(yi)下(xia)電路(lu)板上高壓區附近(jin)的(de)元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件是(shi)否(fou)有虛(xu)焊現象。另外,開路(lu)也會(hui)引(yin)起上述故障,如(ru)機內保險絲(si)已斷,則千萬不(bu)要更(geng)換(huan)大(da)安倍的(de)保險絲(si)(充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)保險絲(si)管一(yi)般為(wei)2A),應(ying)重點檢查(cha)其元件有無(wu)(wu)損(sun)壞,可用(yong)同類(lei)型的(de)更(geng)換(huan)。
五、發熱量大,且伴有異常響聲,充不進電
故障(zhang)原因是(shi)輸出級消振阻(zu)容損壞(huai)所致(zhi)。另外,元器件的開(kai)路(lu)或虛焊也會引起上(shang)述故障(zhang)。
六、輸出部分銅箔燒斷
打開充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后發現(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出部分銅箔燒(shao)斷(duan),這通常(chang)是將電池正負極(ji)反接的結(jie)果(guo),由此(ci)而(er)引起(qi)的故障將會(hui)導致充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)許多元(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件損壞(huai)(huai)。如(ru)果(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保險絲沒有(you)壞(huai)(huai),則通常(chang)更(geng)換元(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件后將斷(duan)銅箔連上即可(ke)(ke)恢復正常(chang)。如(ru)果(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的保險絲已斷(duan),則故障較嚴重,有(you)可(ke)(ke)能要逐一檢查(cha)并(bing)更(geng)換各損壞(huai)(huai)元(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件。
七、工作時有異常響聲,電源指示燈與充電指示燈暗且閃爍
故障原因是元器件損壞,可更換損壞元器件,并使充電器輸出電壓在正常工作范圍內(nei)。
八、輸出電壓很高
輸出電壓很高(大于50V),其故障原因是某元器件短路或開路,具體判斷時可測量集成電路的腳電壓。
注:更換后,應重(zhong)新用萬用表測量(liang)車此時的充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya),正常值應為(wei)41-44V之(zhi)間,如果(guo)有(you)偏差,須調整元器(qi)(qi)件,使充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)保持正常。
九、充電器不充電的原因
1)充電器保險絲燒壞,此時充電器各指示燈均不亮,需更換保險絲;
2)電池保險絲熔斷,更換電池保險絲;
3)電池組接線掉,在排除保險絲熔斷的情況下,用萬用表測量電池組端電壓,如無電壓輸出,則是電池組接線脫落或電池損壞;
4)電池組充電插座壞,更換充電插座;
5)充(chong)電器壞,此時(shi)充(chong)電器保險絲正常(chang),用萬(wan)用表(biao)測量(liang)充(chong)電器輸出端電壓為零(ling)。