對于常(chang)常(chang)外出(chu)的人，每次(ci)出(chu)行(xing)都會發現行(xing)李中很(hen)大一(yi)部分重量是(shi)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)，比如電(dian)腦、照(zhao)相機(ji)、手(shou)機(ji)、剃須刀、MP3等，還會常(chang)常(chang)因為忘了(le)帶(dai)某一(yi)個充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)而備(bei)受折磨。可以(yi)想象，如果統(tong)一(yi)了(le)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)，機(ji)場、飯店和其他公(gong)共場所都可以(yi)隨(sui)意充(chong)電(dian)，可以(yi)省去多少麻煩。

　　當然(ran)，統一充電器的好處(chu)不僅是方便。

　　隨著手機等電子產品的普及，其造成的電子垃圾問題也越來越引起人們關注。充電器往往是(shi)作為產(chan)品的(de)附件(jian)一同出售。人們(men)不斷(duan)更新這些(xie)電(dian)子產(chan)品，積(ji)累(lei)的(de)舊充電(dian)器數量巨(ju)大卻又毫無用處。制(zhi)造和運輸這些(xie)充電(dian)器的(de)過程(cheng)不僅(jin)增加(jia)了成本也耗費了資源(yuan)，同時污染了環境。

　　關(guan)于充電器(qi)不(bu)統一造成的能耗和污染，環保人士和專家多有提(ti)議。

　　例(li)如，在(zai)環(huan)保壓力下，廠(chang)商推出(chu)(chu)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)能(neng)耗比系統，就旨在(zai)倡導人(ren)們使用(yong)能(neng)耗更(geng)低的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)；也有專家不(bu)斷(duan)研究如何開發更(geng)高效的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，詳細介紹使充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)配合以(yi)達到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最大使用(yong)壽(shou)命，希望(wang)以(yi)此減(jian)少(shao)環(huan)境危害；還(huan)(huan)有科學家欲設計出(chu)(chu)利用(yong)耦合技術的(de)無線充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)以(yi)解決充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)老化(hua)問題；全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子工(gong)程(cheng)師協會還(huan)(huan)發起(qi)倡議，希望(wang)設計出(chu)(chu)一個(ge)智能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，該充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)可以(yi)識(shi)別不(bu)同的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(如鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鎳(nie)(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi))并采取最優(you)化(hua)的(de)方式對(dui)其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。美國(guo)能(neng)源部和全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子工(gong)程(cheng)師協會還(huan)(huan)共同資助了一個(ge)這(zhe)樣的(de)項目。

　　統一(yi)充(chong)電器的呼聲早已有(you)之，那么，為何遲遲不(bu)能統一(yi)？

　　2009年(nian)6月，歐(ou)洲(zhou)(zhou)委員會(hui)表示，全球主要(yao)的手機(ji)生產商都(dou)同意(yi)統一歐(ou)洲(zhou)(zhou)手機(ji)充電(dian)器，從(cong)2010年(nian)開始，歐(ou)洲(zhou)(zhou)的充電(dian)器將統一標準。歐(ou)盟(meng)作出了表率，但其具(ju)體實施結果還(huan)有待觀察。

　　今年(nian)初，在(zai)西班牙舉行的2009年(nian)世界(jie)移動通信博覽會上，GSM協(xie)會與17家移動運(yun)營商和制造商共同宣布，計劃(hua)將(jiang)Micro-USB采(cai)用為通用充(chong)電接(jie)口。按照協(xie)定目標，自(zi)2012年(nian)1月1日起，所有(you)上市的新手機款式，都將(jiang)支持通用的充(chong)電連接(jie)器，而且新充(chong)電器將(jiang)節(jie)能(neng)50%。

　　我們現(xian)在還無法(fa)預測，三年后這(zhe)項標準(zhun)實行(xing)情況如(ru)何(he)，究(jiu)竟會有(you)多少廠(chang)家參與，新的(de)(de)充電(dian)器售價如(ru)何(he)，數量(liang)巨大(da)的(de)(de)舊充電(dian)器如(ru)何(he)處理。此(ci)外，即使手(shou)機充電(dian)器真的(de)(de)實現(xian)統一(yi)，其他電(dian)子產品充電(dian)器的(de)(de)統一(yi)何(he)時才能實現(xian)？道路(lu)似乎還非常(chang)漫長。

　　廈門大學中國能源經濟研究中心最近的一項研究，討論了統一充電器的困難。首(shou)先是(shi)既(ji)得利(li)益(yi)問題。據稱，諾基亞與手機(ji)相關(guan)的銷售(shou)和(he)服務(wu)(wu)利(li)潤率近(jin)三年(nian)來維(wei)(wei)持在19%～20%。單(dan)看(kan)充電器(qi)銷售(shou)一項(xiang)的利(li)潤，可(ke)以(yi)發現(xian)，手機(ji)制(zhi)造商的大部分利(li)潤來源于(yu)這樣的配件銷售(shou)和(he)維(wei)(wei)修服務(wu)(wu)。難以(yi)統一的首(shou)要原因就(jiu)在于(yu)，制(zhi)造商在充電器(qi)上已經(jing)形成了龐大的既(ji)有利(li)益(yi)。

　　其次來自(zi)于技術原(yuan)因。不(bu)同的制造(zao)商在電池及充電器上(shang)的技術投(tou)入不(bu)同。如(ru)果統(tong)一，投(tou)入和收益如(ru)何劃分？手(shou)機(包括電池)本身不(bu)斷(duan)進步，例如(ru)更(geng)加輕薄(bo)，已經(jing)統(tong)一的充電器是否(fou)可以(yi)適應手(shou)機和電池的變化？

　　第三(san)個原因來(lai)自于(yu)(yu)事故責任(ren)的(de)劃分(fen)。現(xian)有(you)的(de)手(shou)機免(mian)責條款(kuan)上一(yi)(yi)般會有(you)這樣的(de)提醒(xing)：如(ru)果使用非本品(pin)牌(pai)原裝充電器，則由于(yu)(yu)充電時造成(cheng)的(de)諸如(ru)漏(lou)電、爆炸等(deng)損(sun)失，制造商概不負責。充電器統一(yi)(yi)以后，即使有(you)完備的(de)安(an)全等(deng)標準，但一(yi)(yi)旦出了問題，誰(shui)來(lai)負責？