對(dui)于常(chang)常(chang)外出(chu)的人(ren)，每次出(chu)行都會發現行李(li)中很大一部(bu)分重量是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，比如(ru)電(dian)(dian)腦、照(zhao)相機(ji)、手(shou)機(ji)、剃須刀(dao)、MP3等，還會常(chang)常(chang)因(yin)為忘了帶某一個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器而備受折磨。可(ke)以想象，如(ru)果統一了充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，機(ji)場、飯店和其他(ta)公共(gong)場所都可(ke)以隨意充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，可(ke)以省去多少麻煩。

　　當然，統一充電器的(de)好處(chu)不僅(jin)是(shi)方便。

　　隨著手機等電子產品的普及，其造成的電子垃圾問題也越來越引起人們關注。充電器往往是(shi)作(zuo)為(wei)產品的(de)附件一同出售。人(ren)們不(bu)斷更(geng)新這些(xie)電(dian)子產品，積(ji)累的(de)舊(jiu)充電(dian)器數量巨(ju)大卻又毫無用處。制造和運(yun)輸這些(xie)充電(dian)器的(de)過程不(bu)僅增加了(le)成本也耗費了(le)資源(yuan)，同時污(wu)染了(le)環(huan)境。

　　關于充電器不統一(yi)造成的(de)能耗和(he)污染，環保人士和(he)專家(jia)多有提議(yi)。

　　例如(ru)，在(zai)環保壓力下，廠商推(tui)出的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)能(neng)耗比系統(tong)，就(jiu)旨在(zai)倡導人們(men)使(shi)用能(neng)耗更(geng)低的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)；也有專家(jia)不斷研究如(ru)何開發更(geng)高效的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，詳(xiang)細介(jie)紹使(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)配合(he)以達到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最(zui)大使(shi)用壽(shou)命，希望以此(ci)減(jian)少環境危害；還有科學家(jia)欲設計出利用耦合(he)技術(shu)的(de)(de)無線充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)以解(jie)決充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)老化問題；全(quan)球(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子工(gong)程師協會(hui)(hui)還發起(qi)倡議，希望設計出一個智(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，該充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)可以識別不同(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(如(ru)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi))并采取最(zui)優化的(de)(de)方式(shi)對其(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。美國能(neng)源部(bu)和(he)全(quan)球(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子工(gong)程師協會(hui)(hui)還共同(tong)資(zi)助了一個這樣的(de)(de)項目。

　　統(tong)一(yi)充電器的呼(hu)聲早已有(you)之，那么(me)，為何遲(chi)(chi)遲(chi)(chi)不能(neng)統(tong)一(yi)？

　　2009年(nian)6月，歐(ou)洲委員會表(biao)示，全球(qiu)主要的(de)手機(ji)生(sheng)產商都同意(yi)統一歐(ou)洲手機(ji)充(chong)電器，從2010年(nian)開始，歐(ou)洲的(de)充(chong)電器將統一標準。歐(ou)盟作出了表(biao)率，但其具體實施結果(guo)還有待觀(guan)察。

　　今年(nian)初，在西(xi)班牙舉(ju)行的2009年(nian)世界移動通信博覽會上，GSM協會與17家(jia)移動運營商和制造商共同宣布，計劃(hua)將(jiang)Micro-USB采用(yong)為通用(yong)充(chong)電(dian)接口。按照協定目(mu)標，自2012年(nian)1月1日起，所(suo)有上市的新手機款式，都(dou)將(jiang)支持通用(yong)的充(chong)電(dian)連接器，而且(qie)新充(chong)電(dian)器將(jiang)節(jie)能50%。

　　我們現在還無法預測，三年后這(zhe)項標準實(shi)行情況如何(he)，究(jiu)竟會有多少廠家參與(yu)，新的(de)充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)售價如何(he)，數量巨大的(de)舊充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)如何(he)處理。此外，即使(shi)手機充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)真(zhen)的(de)實(shi)現統(tong)一(yi)，其他電子產品(pin)充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)的(de)統(tong)一(yi)何(he)時才(cai)能實(shi)現？道路(lu)似乎還非常漫長。

　　廈門大學中國能源經濟研究中心最近的一項研究，討論了統一充電器的困難。首先是既(ji)得利(li)益問(wen)題。據稱，諾基亞與(yu)手(shou)機相關的銷售(shou)和(he)服務利(li)潤率(lv)近(jin)三年來維持(chi)在(zai)19%～20%。單看(kan)充電器銷售(shou)一(yi)項的利(li)潤，可(ke)以發現，手(shou)機制造商的大部分(fen)利(li)潤來源于(yu)這樣的配件銷售(shou)和(he)維修服務。難以統(tong)一(yi)的首要原因就在(zai)于(yu)，制造商在(zai)充電器上(shang)已經形成了龐大的既(ji)有利(li)益。

　　其次來自于技(ji)術原(yuan)因。不(bu)同的制造商在電(dian)池及充(chong)電(dian)器上的技(ji)術投(tou)入(ru)不(bu)同。如(ru)果統(tong)一(yi)，投(tou)入(ru)和(he)收益如(ru)何劃分？手機(包括電(dian)池)本(ben)身不(bu)斷進步，例如(ru)更加輕薄(bo)，已經統(tong)一(yi)的充(chong)電(dian)器是否可以適應手機和(he)電(dian)池的變化？

　　第(di)三個原因來自(zi)于事故責(ze)任的劃分。現(xian)有(you)的手機免(mian)責(ze)條款上一般會有(you)這樣(yang)的提醒：如果(guo)使用非本品牌原裝充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，則由于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時造(zao)成的諸(zhu)如漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)、爆(bao)炸等(deng)損失，制造(zao)商概不負責(ze)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器統一以后，即(ji)使有(you)完(wan)備的安全等(deng)標準，但一旦出了問(wen)題，誰(shui)來負責(ze)？