對(dui)于(yu)常(chang)常(chang)外出的人(ren)，每(mei)次出行都會發現行李中很大一(yi)部分(fen)重量是充電器，比如電腦、照相機(ji)、手機(ji)、剃須刀、MP3等，還會常(chang)常(chang)因為忘了帶某一(yi)個(ge)充電器而備受(shou)折磨。可(ke)以想象，如果(guo)統(tong)一(yi)了充電器，機(ji)場(chang)(chang)、飯店(dian)和其他公共場(chang)(chang)所都可(ke)以隨意(yi)充電，可(ke)以省去多少麻煩。

　　當然(ran)，統(tong)一充電器的好(hao)處不僅是方便。

　　隨著手機等電子產品的普及，其造成的電子垃圾問題也越來越引起人們關注。充電器往往是作為產(chan)品(pin)的附件一同出售。人們(men)不斷更新(xin)這些(xie)電子產(chan)品(pin)，積累的舊充電器(qi)數(shu)量巨大卻又毫無用處。制造和運輸這些(xie)充電器(qi)的過程不僅增加了成本也耗費了資源，同時污染了環境。

　　關于充電器(qi)不統一造(zao)成的能(neng)耗和污染，環保人士(shi)和專家(jia)多有提議。

　　例如，在環保壓力下(xia)，廠商推出(chu)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器能耗比系統，就(jiu)旨在倡導(dao)人們使用(yong)能耗更低的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器；也有(you)專(zhuan)家不(bu)(bu)斷研(yan)究(jiu)如何開發更高(gao)效的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，詳細(xi)介(jie)紹使充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)配合以(yi)達到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最大使用(yong)壽命，希望以(yi)此減少環境(jing)危害；還(huan)(huan)有(you)科學家欲(yu)設計(ji)出(chu)利用(yong)耦(ou)合技術的(de)無線(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器以(yi)解決充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)老化(hua)問題(ti)；全球電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)工(gong)程師(shi)協(xie)會(hui)還(huan)(huan)發起倡議(yi)，希望設計(ji)出(chu)一(yi)個智(zhi)能充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，該(gai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器可(ke)以(yi)識別不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(如鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi))并采取最優(you)化(hua)的(de)方(fang)式對其充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。美國能源部和全球電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)工(gong)程師(shi)協(xie)會(hui)還(huan)(huan)共同(tong)資(zi)助了(le)一(yi)個這樣的(de)項目(mu)。

　　統一充電器的呼(hu)聲早已有(you)之，那么，為(wei)何(he)遲遲不能(neng)統一？

　　2009年(nian)6月，歐洲(zhou)委員會表示(shi)，全球主(zhu)要的手(shou)機生(sheng)產商都同意統一歐洲(zhou)手(shou)機充(chong)電器(qi)，從2010年(nian)開始，歐洲(zhou)的充(chong)電器(qi)將(jiang)統一標準。歐盟作出了表率，但(dan)其具體實施結果還有待觀察。

　　今年(nian)初(chu)，在西班牙(ya)舉行(xing)的(de)2009年(nian)世界(jie)移動(dong)通信博(bo)覽會上，GSM協會與17家移動(dong)運營商和制造商共同宣布，計劃將Micro-USB采用(yong)為通用(yong)充(chong)(chong)電接(jie)口。按(an)照協定目標(biao)，自(zi)2012年(nian)1月1日起，所有上市的(de)新手機款式(shi)，都將支持通用(yong)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電連接(jie)器，而且新充(chong)(chong)電器將節能50%。

　　我們現(xian)(xian)在(zai)還無法(fa)預測，三年(nian)后這項標準實行情況如(ru)何(he)(he)，究竟(jing)會有(you)多少(shao)廠家參(can)與(yu)，新的(de)充(chong)電器(qi)售價如(ru)何(he)(he)，數量巨大(da)的(de)舊充(chong)電器(qi)如(ru)何(he)(he)處(chu)理。此(ci)外，即(ji)使手機充(chong)電器(qi)真的(de)實現(xian)(xian)統一(yi)，其他(ta)電子(zi)產品充(chong)電器(qi)的(de)統一(yi)何(he)(he)時才能實現(xian)(xian)？道路似乎還非常漫長。

　　廈門大學中國能源經濟研究中心最近的一項研究，討論了統一充電器的困難。首先是既得利(li)(li)益問題(ti)。據(ju)稱，諾基亞與手機(ji)相關(guan)的銷(xiao)售和服務利(li)(li)潤率(lv)近三年來維(wei)持在(zai)(zai)19%～20%。單看充電(dian)(dian)器銷(xiao)售一項的利(li)(li)潤，可以發現，手機(ji)制造商的大(da)部分(fen)利(li)(li)潤來源于(yu)這樣的配(pei)件(jian)銷(xiao)售和維(wei)修服務。難以統(tong)一的首要原因就在(zai)(zai)于(yu)，制造商在(zai)(zai)充電(dian)(dian)器上已(yi)經形成了龐(pang)大(da)的既有利(li)(li)益。

　　其(qi)次來(lai)自于技術原因。不同的(de)(de)制造商在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)及充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器上的(de)(de)技術投(tou)入不同。如(ru)(ru)果統(tong)一，投(tou)入和收益如(ru)(ru)何(he)劃分(fen)？手(shou)機(包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi))本(ben)身不斷進步，例如(ru)(ru)更(geng)加輕(qing)薄(bo)，已經統(tong)一的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器是否可以(yi)適應手(shou)機和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)變化(hua)？

　　第(di)三個原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)來自于事故責任(ren)的(de)劃分。現(xian)有(you)的(de)手機免責條(tiao)款上(shang)一般會有(you)這樣的(de)提(ti)醒：如果(guo)使(shi)用非本品牌原(yuan)(yuan)裝充電(dian)器，則由于充電(dian)時造成的(de)諸如漏(lou)電(dian)、爆炸等(deng)損失，制(zhi)造商概(gai)不負責。充電(dian)器統一以后，即使(shi)有(you)完(wan)備的(de)安全等(deng)標(biao)準，但一旦出了問(wen)題(ti)，誰來負責？