近期，蘇城很多市民驚訝地發現，以前很容易買到的(de)電(dian)動車(che)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池一下子變成了香(xiang)餑餑，不但價格一天漲過一天，而且不少(shao)型號的(de)電(dian)池還有價無(wu)貨，連帶從去年(nian)開始價格一路走低的(de)電(dian)動車(che)價格，近期也出現了大幅反(fan)彈。

　　“毫無疑問，鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)目前陷入了困境，這對整個電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)行業(ye)都(dou)(dou)產生(sheng)了重(zhong)大(da)影響。 ”蘇州石路國際電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)總(zong)匯負責(ze)人徐偉(wei)康告訴記者，自從今年3月份以來(lai)環保(bao)部對鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)行業(ye)的嚴(yan)厲整頓，以及工信部即將出臺(tai)的 《鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)準入條(tiao)例》，都(dou)(dou)在(zai)加速鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)改(gai)姓“鋰”的進程。

　　鉛(qian)酸蓄電池(chi)行業遭重拳整頓

　　蘇州九成企業(ye)不過關已停(ting)產

　　“從(cong)今年3月份以來(lai)，鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池(chi)行業陷(xian)入了一輪前所(suo)未有的(de)(de)整頓(dun)(dun)風暴(bao)。能在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)場整頓(dun)(dun)風暴(bao)中過關的(de)(de)企業真(zhen)是(shi)少(shao)之又少(shao)。像(xiang)我們蘇州(zhou)的(de)(de)12家鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池(chi)生(sheng)產企業，已經有11家停產整頓(dun)(dun)或干脆關門了。 ”談(tan)到此次對于(yu)鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池(chi)行業的(de)(de)整頓(dun)(dun)，蘇州(zhou)石路國際電動車總(zong)匯(hui)負(fu)責人徐偉康介紹(shao)說，這(zhe)次的(de)(de)整頓(dun)(dun)可謂(wei)有的(de)(de)放矢(shi)且(qie)相當必要。近(jin)年來(lai)，血鉛(qian)事件不斷在(zai)(zai)各地頻發(fa)，引發(fa)公眾對鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池(chi)行業環保問題的(de)(de)擔憂(you)，這(zhe)是(shi)國家下決心整頓(dun)(dun)鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池(chi)行業的(de)(de)重(zhong)要原因(yin)。

　　事實上(shang)，鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)行業(ye)涉(she)及(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)加工、使(shi)用(yong)、回收處理等環節，經(jing)過持(chi)續的(de)(de)改進，鉛(qian)酸蓄電池(chi)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)過程(cheng)中已不產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)鉛(qian)污(wu)染，問題主要出在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)回收環節。數據顯示，目前我(wo)國鉛(qian)酸蓄電池(chi)制(zhi)造廠家約2000家，但產(chan)值在(zai)500萬(wan)元(yuan)以上(shang)規(gui)模的(de)(de)企業(ye)僅200家左右，其余的(de)(de)1800家中小企業(ye)，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)根(gen)本沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)許可(ke)(ke)證(zheng)，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)許可(ke)(ke)證(zheng)也很難達(da)到清潔生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)標準。在(zai)鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)中，涂板(ban)工序和電池(chi)清洗(xi)工序會(hui)(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)含(han)鉛(qian)的(de)(de)重(zhong)金(jin)屬廢水；在(zai)板(ban)柵鑄造、合(he)金(jin)配制(zhi)、鉛(qian)零件(jian)及(ji)鉛(qian)粉制(zhi)造等工序，會(hui)(hui)不可(ke)(ke)避免地產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)多種(zhong)含(han)鉛(qian)煙塵。

　　此外，鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)收處(chu)(chu)理(li)環(huan)節，同(tong)樣(yang)問題重重。廢(fei)舊鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)回(hui)(hui)收過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中產生的(de)(de)主(zhu)要污染物為(wei)熔煉(lian)加(jia)工過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中排放(fang)的(de)(de)鉛(qian)蒸氣(qi)、鉛(qian)塵(chen)(chen)、廢(fei)水以及冶煉(lian)廢(fei)渣。但由于種種原因，鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)回(hui)(hui)收行業(ye)仍以大(da)(da)量的(de)(de)中小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)為(wei)主(zhu)體,大(da)(da)部分企(qi)(qi)業(ye)沒有(you)采取煙(yan)塵(chen)(chen)處(chu)(chu)理(li)，熔煉(lian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中排放(fang)的(de)(de)鉛(qian)蒸氣(qi)、鉛(qian)塵(chen)(chen)等超過(guo)(guo)國家標準幾倍甚至幾十倍。

　　蘇州木(mu)瀆一家(jia)蓄電(dian)池廠的負(fu)責人告訴記者，今(jin)年6月8日的檢查結果顯(xian)示，他(ta)們廠的安全(quan)防護距離沒(mei)有達到要(yao)求(qiu)，因此被(bei)要(yao)求(qiu)停產(chan)整頓。為了企業能繼續生(sheng)存，他(ta)只好(hao)把生(sheng)產(chan)線搬外省去。

　　電動車(che)廠商(shang)苦于無米下(xia)鍋

　　電池漲價連帶電動車水漲船高(gao)

　　作為(wei)電動(dong)自行車最為(wei)關鍵的“動(dong)力源”，大量鉛酸(suan)蓄電池企業的關停，直接造(zao)成了鉛酸(suan)蓄電池供(gong)應的緊缺(que)，這也導致了電動(dong)車整車廠家以(yi)及經銷商“無(wu)米(mi)下鍋”。

　　“現(xian)在要(yao)換(huan)個(ge)鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)不要(yao)太難哦，我(wo)都(dou)等了好幾個(ge)月(yue)(yue)了，還沒(mei)等到電(dian)池(chi)(chi)！ ”陳(chen)先生電(dian)動車的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在3月(yue)(yue)份(fen)的(de)(de)時候(hou)壞了。廠(chang)家檢(jian)查后(hou)表示需要(yao)換(huan)新的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi),但是(shi)現(xian)在沒(mei)有(you)貨，需要(yao)陳(chen)先生等待(dai)。哪知(zhi)道這一等就四個(ge)多月(yue)(yue)，“我(wo)們(men)也想給陳(chen)先生換(huan)新電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，可問題是(shi)廠(chang)家一直沒(mei)貨給我(wo)們(men)呀！ ”維(wei)修部的(de)(de)負責(ze)人面對陳(chen)先生的(de)(de)指責(ze)很委(wei)屈，他說已盡力聯系廠(chang)家，無(wu)奈今年5月(yue)(yue)份(fen)鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)行業專項整(zheng)治，供應電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)好幾個(ge)廠(chang)都(dou)停產了，拿到的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，供應生產線都(dou)不夠，售后(hou)維(wei)修這塊就更別談(tan)了。

　　“20安(an)的電池原來(lai)(lai)360-380元，現在已漲到460-480元了！ ”昨天(tian)華潤(run)萬家超(chao)市的工(gong)作(zuo)人員告訴記者，近(jin)期以來(lai)(lai)他們在采購中明顯感覺到了這鉛(qian)酸電池漲價的兇猛。而家樂福(fu)超(chao)市電動(dong)車銷售的相關(guan)負責人則告訴記者，蘇州的電動(dong)車企業所用(yong)的電池更多(duo)的是(shi)從浙(zhe)江(jiang)進貨(huo)。可經過整頓行動(dong)后，浙(zhe)江(jiang)273家鉛(qian)酸蓄電池企業中，有250家已停產整頓，電池生產接近(jin)癱(tan)瘓狀態(tai)。目前超(chao)市從廠家拿(na)貨(huo)，越(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)貴，也越(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)難。

　　相(xiang)城區的(de)(de)一(yi)家電(dian)動車生產企(qi)業的(de)(de)負(fu)責人無(wu)奈地告(gao)訴記(ji)者，因為沒有電(dian)池，他已關掉了大部分生產線。如果行(xing)業整頓持續，預計到年底(di)，鉛酸蓄電(dian)池的(de)(de)供求(qiu)矛盾都難以緩解。

　　電(dian)動車鋰電(dian)池時代成大趨勢(shi)

　　算筆賬用鋰電(dian)不比用鉛酸(suan)貴

　　“無論是(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)趨勢(shi)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)政策(ce)趨勢(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)都面(mian)臨著(zhu)(zhu)轉(zhuan)型升(sheng)級的(de)(de)迫切需求。毋庸置疑，鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)將是(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)次轉(zhuan)型升(sheng)級的(de)(de)最大受益者(zhe)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)代正在(zai)(zai)加速到(dao)來(lai)。 ”捷安特蘇(su)州地區總代理吳克定告訴記者(zhe)，2010年(nian)(nian)全(quan)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)產量(liang)超過2800萬(wan)輛，其中鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)約70萬(wan)輛，僅占2.5%，鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)確實(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)老大。就(jiu)說(shuo)蘇(su)州市場(chang)，有鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)銷售的(de)(de)商家(jia)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)很少的(de)(de)。但從這(zhe)些商家(jia)在(zai)(zai)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)上的(de)(de)銷售情況來(lai)看，發(fa)展趨勢(shi)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)很明顯。他(ta)(ta)們捷安特是(shi)(shi)(shi)從前年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始(shi)有鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)銷售。一開(kai)始(shi)，這(zhe)種價(jia)格相(xiang)對鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)來(lai)說(shuo)，要(yao)高出三分之一甚(shen)至(zhi)一半的(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)，消費(fei)者(zhe)似(si)乎還(huan)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)太能接受，畢竟大家(jia)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)很看重價(jia)格的(de)(de)。但隨著(zhu)(zhu)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)技術(shu)不斷(duan)的(de)(de)成(cheng)熟，其成(cheng)本也在(zai)(zai)逐步降低，再(zai)加上廠家(jia)針對消費(fei)者(zhe)的(de)(de)需求，不斷(duan)推出24V、36V和48V等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流容量(liang)型號(hao)的(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)，他(ta)(ta)發(fa)現他(ta)(ta)們店鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)銷售以每年(nian)(nian)20%的(de)(de)速度在(zai)(zai)增長。尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)今年(nian)(nian)以來(lai)，這(zhe)個速度提高到(dao)了25%。

　　“其實蘇州的廠家，從前幾年開始就在逐步試水鋰電電池和鋰電電動車了！ ”蘇州石路國際電動車總匯負責人徐偉康介紹說，目前蘇州已經在生產鋰電電池和鋰電電動車的廠家已經有近十家了。尤其是今年的行業整頓行動，更是堅定了這些廠家轉型升級，側重發展鋰電的決心。鋰電池各方面的優勢正在逐步凸顯。像是同等規格鋰電池的重量，僅為鉛酸電池1/4左右，整車重量完全滿足四部委的電動車重量小于40公斤的要求。雖然其成本偏高，但隨著鉛酸蓄電池的漲價及環保治理成本的增加，兩者成本之間的距離將進一步縮減。算筆賬，一般鉛酸電池的保修期為1年，而鋰電池的保修期為2年。也就是說，就算目前鋰電池要比同電(dian)(dian)流容量的鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池貴上三分之一(yi)甚至一(yi)半，但算算使(shi)用時間，這鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)動車還是(shi)劃算的，而(er)且還更輕便環保(bao)。

　　當然，就短期而言，雖然鋰電池暫時無法取代鉛酸蓄電池在電動自行車中的絕對地位，但電動自行車對鋰電池的需求必然將出現明顯增長。目前僅僅不到5%的電動車使用鋰電池，未來假設使用鋰電池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行(xing)(xing)車量翻倍，也將增加(jia)約(yue)70億元鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池市場需求(qiu)。 “總之，鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池行(xing)(xing)業(ye)整頓，為(wei)更加(jia)環保輕型的鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車行(xing)(xing)業(ye)發展(zhan)帶來了(le)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)機(ji)遇(yu)，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)時代是大勢所趨。 ”徐偉康(kang)說。