近(jin)期，蘇城很多市民驚訝地發現，以前很容(rong)易買(mai)到的(de)電動(dong)車鉛酸電池一(yi)下(xia)子變(bian)成了香餑餑，不但價格一(yi)天漲過(guo)一(yi)天，而且不少型號的(de)電池還有價無(wu)貨(huo)，連帶從去(qu)年開始價格一(yi)路走(zou)低的(de)電動(dong)車價格，近(jin)期也出現了大幅(fu)反彈(dan)。

　　“毫無(wu)疑(yi)問，鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池目前陷入了困境，這對(dui)整(zheng)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車行(xing)(xing)業都(dou)產生(sheng)了重大(da)影響。 ”蘇(su)州(zhou)石路國際電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車總匯負責人(ren)徐偉康告訴(su)記(ji)者，自從今(jin)年3月份(fen)以(yi)來環(huan)保(bao)部(bu)對(dui)鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池行(xing)(xing)業的嚴厲整(zheng)頓，以(yi)及工(gong)信部(bu)即(ji)將出(chu)臺的 《鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池準入條例》，都(dou)在加速鉛酸電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車改姓“鋰”的進程。

　　鉛酸(suan)蓄電池行(xing)業遭(zao)重拳整頓(dun)

　　蘇州(zhou)九成(cheng)企業不過關已停產

　　“從今年(nian)3月份以來，鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池行(xing)業陷(xian)入(ru)了一(yi)輪(lun)前所未有的(de)整頓(dun)風暴。能在(zai)這(zhe)場(chang)整頓(dun)風暴中(zhong)過關的(de)企(qi)業真(zhen)是少(shao)之又少(shao)。像我們(men)蘇(su)(su)州(zhou)的(de)12家(jia)鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池生(sheng)產(chan)企(qi)業，已經有11家(jia)停產(chan)整頓(dun)或干脆關門了。 ”談到此(ci)次對于鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池行(xing)業的(de)整頓(dun)，蘇(su)(su)州(zhou)石(shi)路國(guo)(guo)際(ji)電(dian)動車總(zong)匯負責人徐(xu)偉康介紹說(shuo)，這(zhe)次的(de)整頓(dun)可謂有的(de)放矢且相當必要。近(jin)年(nian)來，血(xue)鉛(qian)(qian)事件(jian)不斷在(zai)各地頻發(fa)，引(yin)發(fa)公眾對鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池行(xing)業環(huan)保問題的(de)擔憂，這(zhe)是國(guo)(guo)家(jia)下決心整頓(dun)鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池行(xing)業的(de)重要原因。

　　事實上(shang)，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)行業(ye)涉及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)加工(gong)、使(shi)用(yong)、回收處理等(deng)環節，經過持續的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)進，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)過程中(zhong)已不產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)污染，問題主要(yao)出在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)與回收環節。數據顯示，目前我國鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)制造(zao)廠(chang)家約2000家，但(dan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)值在(zai)(zai)500萬元以上(shang)規模的(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)僅200家左右(you)，其(qi)余的(de)(de)(de)1800家中(zhong)小企業(ye)，有的(de)(de)(de)根本沒有生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)許可證，有的(de)(de)(de)有許可證也很(hen)難達到(dao)清潔生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)標準。在(zai)(zai)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程中(zhong)，涂(tu)板工(gong)序和電(dian)(dian)池(chi)清洗工(gong)序會產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)含鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)重金屬廢水；在(zai)(zai)板柵鑄造(zao)、合金配制、鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)零件(jian)及鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)粉制造(zao)等(deng)工(gong)序，會不可避免地產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)多(duo)種含鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)煙(yan)塵。

　　此外，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)回收(shou)(shou)處理環節，同樣問題重(zhong)重(zhong)。廢(fei)舊(jiu)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池回收(shou)(shou)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)污染物為(wei)熔煉(lian)加(jia)工過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)排放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)蒸氣(qi)、鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)塵、廢(fei)水以及冶煉(lian)廢(fei)渣(zha)。但由于種(zhong)種(zhong)原因，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池回收(shou)(shou)行(xing)業仍以大量的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)小企(qi)業為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)體,大部(bu)分企(qi)業沒有采取煙塵處理，熔煉(lian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)排放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)蒸氣(qi)、鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)塵等超過(guo)國家標準幾倍(bei)甚至幾十倍(bei)。

　　蘇州木(mu)瀆一家(jia)蓄(xu)電池廠的負責(ze)人(ren)告訴記者(zhe)，今(jin)年6月8日的檢查結果顯(xian)示，他們廠的安全(quan)防護距離沒(mei)有達(da)到要求，因此被要求停產(chan)整頓。為了企業能繼續(xu)生(sheng)存，他只好把生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)搬外省去。

　　電動車廠商苦于無米(mi)下鍋

　　電池漲價連帶(dai)電動車水漲船高

　　作為電動(dong)自行車(che)(che)最為關鍵的“動(dong)力源”，大量(liang)鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池(chi)企(qi)業的關停，直(zhi)接造成了鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池(chi)供應的緊缺，這(zhe)也導致了電動(dong)車(che)(che)整車(che)(che)廠家以(yi)及經銷商“無米下(xia)鍋”。

　　“現在(zai)(zai)要(yao)(yao)換(huan)個(ge)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi)不要(yao)(yao)太難哦，我(wo)都(dou)(dou)等了(le)好(hao)幾個(ge)月了(le)，還沒等到(dao)電(dian)池(chi)！ ”陳先(xian)(xian)生電(dian)動車的(de)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)(zai)3月份(fen)的(de)時候壞了(le)。廠家(jia)檢查后(hou)表示需要(yao)(yao)換(huan)新(xin)(xin)的(de)電(dian)池(chi),但(dan)是現在(zai)(zai)沒有(you)貨(huo)，需要(yao)(yao)陳先(xian)(xian)生等待。哪知道(dao)這(zhe)一等就(jiu)四個(ge)多月，“我(wo)們也想給陳先(xian)(xian)生換(huan)新(xin)(xin)電(dian)池(chi)，可問題是廠家(jia)一直沒貨(huo)給我(wo)們呀！ ”維(wei)修(xiu)部的(de)負責人面對陳先(xian)(xian)生的(de)指(zhi)責很(hen)委屈(qu)，他(ta)說已盡力聯系廠家(jia)，無奈今年5月份(fen)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi)行業專項整治，供(gong)應電(dian)池(chi)的(de)好(hao)幾個(ge)廠都(dou)(dou)停產了(le)，拿到(dao)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)，供(gong)應生產線都(dou)(dou)不夠，售后(hou)維(wei)修(xiu)這(zhe)塊就(jiu)更(geng)別談了(le)。

　　“20安的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)原來360-380元，現在(zai)已漲到460-480元了！ ”昨(zuo)天華潤萬(wan)家超(chao)市的工作人(ren)(ren)員告訴記者(zhe)，近期以來他們在(zai)采購(gou)中明顯感覺到了這鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)漲價的兇猛。而家樂福(fu)超(chao)市電(dian)(dian)動車銷售的相關負責人(ren)(ren)則告訴記者(zhe)，蘇州(zhou)的電(dian)(dian)動車企(qi)業所用的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)更多的是從(cong)浙(zhe)江進貨。可(ke)經過整(zheng)頓行動后，浙(zhe)江273家鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)企(qi)業中，有250家已停產整(zheng)頓，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)生產接近癱瘓狀(zhuang)態。目前超(chao)市從(cong)廠(chang)家拿(na)貨，越來越貴，也越來越難(nan)。

　　相城區的(de)一家電(dian)動車(che)生(sheng)產(chan)企業的(de)負責人無奈(nai)地告訴記者，因為沒有(you)電(dian)池(chi)，他(ta)已關掉了大部分生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)。如果行業整頓(dun)持續，預計到年底，鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)供求矛盾(dun)都(dou)難以緩解。

　　電(dian)動車鋰(li)電(dian)池時代成大趨勢

　　算筆賬用鋰電(dian)不比用鉛(qian)酸貴

　　“無論是(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業趨勢還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)政策趨勢，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)都面臨(lin)著(zhu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型升級(ji)的(de)迫切需(xu)(xu)求。毋庸置疑，鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)將是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)次轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型升級(ji)的(de)最大受(shou)益者，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)的(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)代正在加速到來。 ”捷安特(te)蘇(su)州(zhou)地區總代理吳(wu)克定(ding)告訴(su)記者，2010年(nian)(nian)全國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)產量超過2800萬輛，其中鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)約70萬輛，僅(jin)占2.5%，鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)確實是(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業的(de)老大。就說蘇(su)州(zhou)市(shi)場，有鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)銷售的(de)商家(jia)還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)很少的(de)。但從這(zhe)些商家(jia)在鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)上的(de)銷售情(qing)況來看(kan)，發展趨勢還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)很明顯(xian)。他(ta)們(men)捷安特(te)是(shi)(shi)從前(qian)年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始有鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)銷售。一(yi)開(kai)始，這(zhe)種(zhong)價格相對(dui)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)來說，要高出(chu)三(san)分之(zhi)一(yi)甚至一(yi)半的(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)，消費(fei)者似乎還(huan)(huan)不是(shi)(shi)太能接(jie)受(shou)，畢竟大家(jia)還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)很看(kan)重價格的(de)。但隨著(zhu)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)技術(shu)不斷的(de)成熟(shu)，其成本也在逐步降(jiang)低，再加上廠家(jia)針(zhen)對(dui)消費(fei)者的(de)需(xu)(xu)求，不斷推出(chu)24V、36V和48V等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流容量型號的(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)，他(ta)發現他(ta)們(men)店鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)的(de)銷售以每年(nian)(nian)20%的(de)速度(du)在增長。尤其是(shi)(shi)今年(nian)(nian)以來，這(zhe)個速度(du)提高到了25%。

　　“其實蘇州的廠家，從前幾年開始就在逐步試水鋰電電池和鋰電電動車了！ ”蘇州石路國際電動車總匯負責人徐偉康介紹說，目前蘇州已經在生產鋰電電池和鋰電電動車的廠家已經有近十家了。尤其是今年的行業整頓行動，更是堅定了這些廠家轉型升級，側重發展鋰電的決心。鋰電池各方面的優勢正在逐步凸顯。像是同等規格鋰電池的重量，僅為鉛酸電池1/4左右，整車重量完全滿足四部委的電動車重量小于40公斤的要求。雖然其成本偏高，但隨著鉛酸蓄電池的漲價及環保治理成本的增加，兩者成本之間的距離將進一步縮減。算筆賬，一般鉛酸電池的保修期為1年，而鋰電池的保修期為2年。也就是說，就算目前鋰電池要比同(tong)電(dian)(dian)流容量的(de)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池貴上三(san)分(fen)之一甚至一半，但(dan)算算使用時間，這鋰電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)動車(che)還(huan)(huan)是劃(hua)算的(de)，而且還(huan)(huan)更輕便環(huan)保。

　　當然，就短期而言，雖然鋰電池暫時無法取代鉛酸蓄電池在電動自行車中的絕對地位，但電動自行車對鋰電池的需求必然將出現明顯增長。目前僅僅不到5%的電動車使用鋰電池，未來假設使用鋰電池的(de)電(dian)(dian)動自行車量(liang)翻倍(bei)，也將增加約70億元鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)市場需(xu)求。 “總之(zhi)，鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)行業整(zheng)頓(dun)，為(wei)更加環保輕型的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)動車行業發展帶(dai)來了行業機(ji)遇，鋰電(dian)(dian)時(shi)代是大(da)勢(shi)所(suo)趨。 ”徐偉康說。