經過了一個漫長的夏季，盡管白天溫度還是很高，但是干爽的秋季卻慢慢到來。在秋天，汽車蓄電池相對容易出現問題。由于蓄電池是車上的主要供電系統，如果蓄電池工作不良說不準哪天就把您撂在路上，所以注意蓄電池的日常維護就顯得尤為重要。正確使用蓄電池不僅(jin)能延長蓄(xu)電池(chi)的(de)使用(yong)壽命，還能夠令你的(de)愛車有更加順暢(chang)的(de)表現。

A 檢查篇

外表常規檢查

蓄電池平常都在發動機艙里，有些待遇好的外面還有保護套，雖然外界不會對它有直接的沖擊，但如果蓄電池老化，內部會出現過熱的現象，冷熱的變化會導致原本平整的表面發生變形。如果察覺到蓄電池外形發(fa)生了(le)(le)變(bian)化就一定(ding)需要更換了(le)(le)。

車(che)主(zhu)們除了在(zai)外(wai)觀上對蓄電(dian)池進(jin)行檢查外(wai)，也可以通(tong)過一些免維護電(dian)池上的(de)圓形檢查視窗內(nei)的(de)顏色(se)變化進(jin)行自檢，另外(wai)，檢查蓄電(dian)池需要使用一些專業(ye)(ye)工(gong)具。其(qi)他更加(jia)專業(ye)(ye)的(de)檢測還是(shi)應當(dang)交(jiao)由專業(ye)(ye)維修店(dian)進(jin)行，以免發生(sheng)危(wei)險。

一般來說蓄電池的使(shi)用(yong)周(zhou)期都(dou)在2年左右，但如果(guo)車(che)主使(shi)用(yong)得(de)當(dang)壽命(ming)則可(ke)以(yi)達到4-5年。

提(ti)醒：一般使(shi)用2年后，就要進(jin)行(xing)相關的檢查。

電壓檢查

狀態良好的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓應該保持在12.2-12.7V之間。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過低應該進行(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時應保持小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)長時間充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需使(shi)用專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機進行(xing)(xing)，車主切勿嘗試(shi)自己進行(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，車主只要保持發動機運(yun)轉就(jiu)可以對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)。如果蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發生老(lao)化就(jiu)應該進行(xing)(xing)更換了(le)。

提(ti)醒：如(ru)果蓄電(dian)池沒有(you)損壞，正常的啟動運作就能(neng)發電(dian)、充電(dian)。

電解液密度檢查

這是評價蓄電池充電是(shi)否正常、是(shi)否發(fa)生(sheng)老化的(de)重要(yao)參數，利用密(mi)度(du)計或電(dian)解液(ye)密(mi)度(du)測試儀(yi)都可以進(jin)行測量。如果電(dian)解液(ye)密(mi)度(du)過小則需要(yao)進(jin)行充(chong)電(dian)。而電(dian)解液(ye)濃度(du)過濃或過稀到(dao)一(yi)定程度(du)，也就意味著(zhu)發(fa)生(sheng)了諸如極板硫(liu)化、短(duan)路或是(shi)過充(chong)電(dian)現象，這時候就需要(yao)進(jin)行維修(xiu)了。

提醒：這個檢查一般需(xu)要(yao)維(wei)修廠的專(zhuan)業技師進行檢查，車(che)主自己一般沒有相(xiang)應工具。

檢查蓄電池樁頭

蓄電池(chi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)頭(tou)是蓄電池(chi)與車輛連(lian)接的(de)部(bu)分(fen)，如果發生腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕或連(lian)接不(bu)良的(de)情況都(dou)會造成蓄電池(chi)工作(zuo)不(bu)良，車主可以(yi)(yi)檢查(cha)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)頭(tou)附近是否有白色粉末(mo)產(chan)生，那(nei)些就是樁(zhuang)(zhuang)頭(tou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕的(de)標(biao)志。如果白色粉末(mo)較多或者有綠色氧化物時(shi)，可以(yi)(yi)用開(kai)水將其(qi)燙掉，之后再對其(qi)進(jin)行防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)處(chu)理，在樁(zhuang)(zhuang)頭(tou)上涂(tu)抹(mo)一些潤滑脂或防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)劑即可，但要(yao)注意(yi)不(bu)可涂(tu)抹(mo)過多，以(yi)(yi)免影響使用。

提醒：這個檢查一(yi)定要戴手套(tao)進行(xing)，避免腐蝕(shi)手指。

B 使用篇

蓄(xu)電池長期停放會虧電

蓄電池(chi)需要正常的維護和保養，那么，如何正確(que)使用蓄電池(chi)呢？

1、電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液虧(kui)耗(hao)后：如果發現電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液虧(kui)耗(hao)后，不(bu)能向其(qi)中添加水或(huo)是硫(liu)酸，應該(gai)選(xuan)擇蓄電(dian)(dian)池補充液或(huo)是蒸餾水。

2、蓄(xu)電池的(de)(de)使用環(huan)(huan)境：環(huan)(huan)境溫度的(de)(de)變化(hua)對(dui)蓄(xu)電池的(de)(de)壽命也有很大的(de)(de)影(ying)響，極(ji)熱和極(ji)冷的(de)(de)情況都是蓄(xu)電池的(de)(de)生命殺手。

3、保持蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量充足：在車(che)輛正(zheng)(zheng)常行(xing)駛的過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，空調、大(da)燈等用電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備都由發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機進行(xing)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。如果遭遇到堵(du)車(che)情況(kuang)時(shi)，由于發動(dong)機轉速過(guo)(guo)低，發動(dong)機無法保證這些大(da)功率用電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的正(zheng)(zheng)常工作，這時(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池就要開始進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量的輸出(chu)了。如果長時(shi)間使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池處于這種虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，會加(jia)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)池極板老化，縮短使用壽命。

4、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)放(fang)：有些(xie)(xie)車(che)輛長時(shi)間停(ting)放(fang)，不對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行任何(he)處理，認為(wei)(wei)車(che)輛熄火后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)也自然關(guan)閉了，其(qi)實這是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)錯(cuo)誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)概念。一些(xie)(xie)需要電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦記憶(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)以(yi)及一些(xie)(xie)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)初始化都是(shi)(shi)需要電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)維持的(de)(de)(de)(de)。一個(ge)(ge)(ge)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，車(che)輛停(ting)駛后(hou)2-3周內，就會出現虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況，如果(guo)(guo)持續一個(ge)(ge)(ge)月(yue)，其(qi)內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量就會釋放(fang)干(gan)凈(jing)。所(suo)以(yi)如果(guo)(guo)要長期(qi)停(ting)駛車(che)輛，應該將蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樁頭(tou)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)連接線拔掉。不過即便是(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)單(dan)獨存(cun)放(fang)，它自身也會產生自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現象。所(suo)以(yi)建議車(che)主如果(guo)(guo)車(che)輛長期(qi)停(ting)駛，也要2-3個(ge)(ge)(ge)月(yue)為(wei)(wei)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行一次充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

C 注意篇

使用蓄電池3個不要

1、不(bu)要堵塞非免維護(hu)電池(chi)通風孔。非免維護(hu)電池(chi)的通風孔是用(yong)來散熱和釋(shi)放內(nei)部壓力的，如果通風孔阻塞，會導致內(nei)部壓力上升，嚴重時會導致蓄電池(chi)發(fa)生爆炸。

2、不(bu)要(yao)采用不(bu)正確的(de)充電(dian)(dian)方式。蓄電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)應采用長時間(jian)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)方法，如果使(shi)用大電(dian)(dian)流長時間(jian)充電(dian)(dian)，會造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液受熱沸騰，內(nei)部水分蒸發，從而使(shi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液的(de)密度發生改(gai)變(bian)。

3、不要在(zai)(zai)(zai)長時(shi)間虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)(xia)工(gong)作。如(ru)果車(che)(che)(che)主由于疏(shu)忽大意造(zao)成蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)量，在(zai)(zai)(zai)重新啟動車(che)(che)(che)輛后，至(zhi)少應保證(zheng)發動機運轉(zhuan)1小時(shi)，為蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。有條件(jian)的(de)情況下(xia)(xia)應駕車(che)(che)(che)行駛(shi)，即使在(zai)(zai)(zai)怠速的(de)條件(jian)下(xia)(xia)也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以為蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)想提高(gao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效果可(ke)(ke)(ke)提高(gao)發動機轉(zhuan)速，一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1200轉(zhuan)就可(ke)(ke)(ke)以取(qu)得良好的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效果。偶(ou)爾一(yi)兩(liang)次出(chu)現蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況，對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)壽命影響不大，只要車(che)(che)(che)主在(zai)(zai)(zai)解決(jue)問題(ti)后，保證(zheng)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)足即可(ke)(ke)(ke)。長期在(zai)(zai)(zai)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)(xia)工(gong)作對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命損傷(shang)最大。