極客也未必知道：如何確保鋰電池長壽？ “鋰電池放電放得越盡，電池的損耗就會越大，”艾克郎大學，幫助美國太空總署NASA研究延長電池壽命的電子工程教授Tom Hartley，說到，“給電池充電充得越滿，電池的損耗也會越大。鋰電池最(zui)好是處于電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的中間狀態，那樣的話電(dian)(dian)池壽命最(zui)長。”

     哈勃太空(kong)望遠鏡(jing)上(shang)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)消耗電(dian)量(liang)設定在總容量(liang)百(bai)分(fen)之(zhi)10,電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充放(fang)電(dian)循環次(ci)(ci)數(shu)(shu)可達10萬次(ci)(ci) 首先,過高和過低的(de)電(dian)量(liang)狀(zhuang)態對鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)壽命有最不利的(de)影響,而(er)充放(fang)電(dian)循環次(ci)(ci)數(shu)(shu)反而(er)是次(ci)(ci)要(yao) 的(de)。其實,大多數(shu)(shu)售賣電(dian)器或(huo)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)上(shang)標識的(de)可反復充電(dian)次(ci)(ci)數(shu)(shu),都是以放(fang)電(dian)百(bai)分(fen)之(zhi)80為基準(zhun)測試(shi)得出(chu)的(de)。實驗(yan)表明,對于(yu)(yu)一些筆記本(ben)電(dian)腦的(de)鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi),經常(chang)讓(rang)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓(ya) 超(chao)過標準(zhun)電(dian)壓(ya)0.1伏(fu)特,即從4.1伏(fu)上(shang)升到4.2伏(fu),那么電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)壽命會(hui)減半,再提高0.1伏(fu),則壽命減為原來的(de)3分(fen)之(zhi)一;長期低電(dian)量(liang)或(huo)者無電(dian)量(liang)的(de)狀(zhuang)態則 會(hui)使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部對電(dian)子移動的(de)阻力越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)大,于(yu)(yu)是導致電(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)變小。

    美國宇航局NASA讓其哈勃太空望遠鏡上電池的消耗電量設定在總容量的百分之10,以確保 電池可以反復充放電10萬次而不必更新。 其次,溫度對鋰電池壽命也有較大的影響(手機和其他小型電子設備對此點可忽略)。冰點以下的環境有可能使鋰電池在電(dian)(dian)子產品(pin)打開的(de)(de)瞬間燒毀(hui),而過(guo)熱的(de)(de) 環境則會縮減電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容量。因此,如(ru)果(guo)筆(bi)電(dian)(dian)長期(qi)使用外接電(dian)(dian)源也不將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)取下來,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就(jiu)長期(qi)處于(yu)筆(bi)記本排出的(de)(de)高熱當中,更主要的(de)(de)是(shi),電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長期(qi)處于(yu)百分之(zhi)100 的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量狀態(tai),很快就(jiu)會報(bao)廢(包括我自己(ji)的(de)(de)筆(bi)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就(jiu)是(shi)這么玩完的(de)(de))。

 由以上,我們可(ke)以總(zong)結(jie)出以下幾點(dian)確保鋰電池(chi)容量和(he)壽命的注意事項:

　 不需要將鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充到百分之(zhi)100滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),更不要將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)殆盡(jin)。在情況(kuang)允(yun)許的(de)情況(kuang)下,盡(jin)量(liang)使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)維(wei)持(chi)在半滿狀態(tai)附近,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)幅度越(yue)(yue)小越(yue)(yue)好; 通用(yong)(yong)Chevy Volt電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車的(de)出廠設計就是強制(zhi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)維(wei)持(chi)在20%至80%,而蘋果筆(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)內置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池可(ke)能也是運用(yong)(yong)了這一(yi)方法(包括其他(ta)一(yi)些筆(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品),讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)可(ke)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期數(shu)增加。

     不要將鋰電池(尤其是筆記本鋰電池)長期在設備使用外接電源的情況下工作。就算您的筆記本散熱良好,長期百分之100的電量就等于對鋰電池的謀殺。 1. 如果你長期用外接電源為筆記本電腦供電,或者電池電量已經超過80%,馬上取下你筆記本的電池、平時充電不需將電池充滿,充至80%左右即可;調整操作系統的電源選項,將電量警報調至20%以上,平時電池電量最低不要低于20%,在下降到20%以前即要進行充電; 2. 手機等小型電子設備,充好電了就應立刻斷開電源線(包括充電功能的USB接口),一直接著會損害電池;要經常充電,記起來就充,但不必非得把電池充滿; 3. 無論是對筆記本還是手機等,都一定不要讓電池耗盡; 4. 如果要外出旅行,把電池充滿吧,但請記得在條件允許的情況下隨時為電器充電,為了電池壽命,一定不要等到電池放干; 現今人們都擁有不少電子設備,其中很大一部分使用鋰電池,確保電(dian)(dian)池壽命非常實(shi)用。畢竟電(dian)(dian)池報廢了還要(yao)回收處理,否則就會對環(huan)境(jing)造成嚴重污(wu)染。