極客也未必知道：如何確保鋰電池長壽？ “鋰電池放電放得越盡，電池的損耗就會越大，”艾克郎大學，幫助美國太空總署NASA研究延長電池壽命的電子工程教授Tom Hartley，說到，“給電池充電充得越滿，電池的損耗也會越大。鋰電池最(zui)(zui)好是處于電(dian)量的中間(jian)狀態，那(nei)樣的話(hua)電(dian)池壽命最(zui)(zui)長(chang)。”

     哈勃(bo)太(tai)空望遠鏡上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)設定在總容量(liang)(liang)百分之10,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次(ci)數(shu)可達10萬(wan)次(ci) 首先,過高和(he)過低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)對鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命(ming)有最不(bu)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響,而(er)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次(ci)數(shu)反而(er)是次(ci)要 的(de)(de)(de)(de)。其實,大多(duo)數(shu)售(shou)賣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上標識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可反復充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)數(shu),都是以放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)百分之80為基(ji)準測(ce)試得出的(de)(de)(de)(de)。實驗表明,對于一(yi)些筆記本電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),經常讓(rang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓 超過標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓0.1伏特,即從4.1伏上升到4.2伏,那么電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命(ming)會減半(ban),再(zai)提高0.1伏,則壽(shou)命(ming)減為原(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)3分之一(yi);長(chang)期低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)或(huo)者(zhe)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)則 會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子移(yi)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻力越來越大,于是導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)變(bian)小。

    美國宇航局NASA讓其哈勃太空望遠鏡上電池的消耗電量設定在總容量的百分之10,以確保 電池可以反復充放電10萬次而不必更新。 其次,溫度對鋰電池壽命也有較大的影響(手機和其他小型電子設備對此點可忽略)。冰點以下的環境有可能使鋰電池在電(dian)(dian)子產品打開(kai)的瞬間燒毀,而過熱的 環境(jing)則會(hui)縮減電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的容量。因此,如(ru)果筆(bi)電(dian)(dian)長(chang)期使(shi)用外接電(dian)(dian)源也(ye)不將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)取下來,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)(jiu)長(chang)期處于筆(bi)記本排(pai)出的高熱當中,更主要的是(shi),電(dian)(dian)池(chi)長(chang)期處于百(bai)分之100 的電(dian)(dian)量狀(zhuang)態(tai),很快就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)報(bao)廢(包括我自(zi)己的筆(bi)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)這么玩(wan)完的)。

 由以(yi)上,我們可以(yi)總結出以(yi)下幾點確保鋰電池容(rong)量(liang)和壽命的注意事項:

　 不需要將(jiang)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充到百分(fen)之100滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),更不要將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)使用殆盡。在情況允許的(de)(de)情況下,盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)維持(chi)在半滿(man)狀態附近,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)幅度越(yue)小越(yue)好(hao); 通用Chevy Volt電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)的(de)(de)出廠設計就是強(qiang)制(zhi)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)維持(chi)在20%至80%,而蘋果筆(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)內置(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池可(ke)能也(ye)是運用了這一方(fang)法(包括其(qi)他一些筆(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品),讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)可(ke)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期數(shu)增加(jia)。

     不要將鋰電池(尤其是筆記本鋰電池)長期在設備使用外接電源的情況下工作。就算您的筆記本散熱良好,長期百分之100的電量就等于對鋰電池的謀殺。 1. 如果你長期用外接電源為筆記本電腦供電,或者電池電量已經超過80%,馬上取下你筆記本的電池、平時充電不需將電池充滿,充至80%左右即可;調整操作系統的電源選項,將電量警報調至20%以上,平時電池電量最低不要低于20%,在下降到20%以前即要進行充電; 2. 手機等小型電子設備,充好電了就應立刻斷開電源線(包括充電功能的USB接口),一直接著會損害電池;要經常充電,記起來就充,但不必非得把電池充滿; 3. 無論是對筆記本還是手機等,都一定不要讓電池耗盡; 4. 如果要外出旅行,把電池充滿吧,但請記得在條件允許的情況下隨時為電器充電,為了電池壽命,一定不要等到電池放干; 現今人們都擁有不少電子設備,其中很大一部分使用鋰電池,確保電(dian)池壽(shou)命非常實(shi)用。畢竟電(dian)池報廢了還要(yao)回收處理,否則就會對(dui)環境造成(cheng)嚴(yan)重污染。