極客也未必知道：如何確保鋰電池長壽？ “鋰電池放電放得越盡，電池的損耗就會越大，”艾克郎大學，幫助美國太空總署NASA研究延長電池壽命的電子工程教授Tom Hartley，說到，“給電池充電充得越滿，電池的損耗也會越大。鋰電池最(zui)好是處(chu)于(yu)電量的(de)中間狀態，那(nei)樣(yang)的(de)話(hua)電池(chi)壽命最(zui)長。”

     哈勃太空望遠鏡(jing)上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)設定(ding)在(zai)總容(rong)量(liang)百分(fen)之(zhi)10,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次數(shu)(shu)(shu)可(ke)達10萬次 首先,過(guo)(guo)高(gao)和(he)過(guo)(guo)低的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)狀態(tai)對鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)壽命有最不利的(de)(de)(de)影響,而充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次數(shu)(shu)(shu)反而是次要 的(de)(de)(de)。其實,大多數(shu)(shu)(shu)售賣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)上(shang)標(biao)識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)反復(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次數(shu)(shu)(shu),都(dou)是以放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)百分(fen)之(zhi)80為基準測試得出的(de)(de)(de)。實驗表明,對于一些筆記(ji)本電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),經常讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓 超過(guo)(guo)標(biao)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓0.1伏(fu)(fu)特,即從4.1伏(fu)(fu)上(shang)升到(dao)4.2伏(fu)(fu),那么電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)壽命會減半,再提高(gao)0.1伏(fu)(fu),則壽命減為原來的(de)(de)(de)3分(fen)之(zhi)一;長期低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)或者無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)則 會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)部對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子移動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)阻力(li)越來越大,于是導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)變小。

    美國宇航局NASA讓其哈勃太空望遠鏡上電池的消耗電量設定在總容量的百分之10,以確保 電池可以反復充放電10萬次而不必更新。 其次,溫度對鋰電池壽命也有較大的影響(手機和其他小型電子設備對此點可忽略)。冰點以下的環境有可能使鋰電池在電(dian)(dian)子產(chan)品打開的(de)(de)(de)瞬間燒(shao)毀,而過熱的(de)(de)(de) 環境則會縮減電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)。因(yin)此,如果筆(bi)電(dian)(dian)長(chang)期(qi)使用外(wai)接(jie)電(dian)(dian)源也(ye)不將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)取下來,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就(jiu)長(chang)期(qi)處于(yu)(yu)筆(bi)記本排(pai)出的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)熱當(dang)中,更主要的(de)(de)(de)是,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長(chang)期(qi)處于(yu)(yu)百分之100 的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)狀(zhuang)態,很快就(jiu)會報廢(包括我自己的(de)(de)(de)筆(bi)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就(jiu)是這么玩(wan)完的(de)(de)(de))。

 由(you)以上,我們可(ke)以總結出以下幾點確保鋰電池容量和(he)壽命(ming)的注意(yi)事(shi)項:

　 不需要將(jiang)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)到百分(fen)之(zhi)100滿電(dian)(dian)(dian),更(geng)不要將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)使用(yong)殆盡(jin)(jin)。在(zai)情況(kuang)允許的情況(kuang)下,盡(jin)(jin)量(liang)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)維持在(zai)半滿狀(zhuang)態附近,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)與放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的幅度越(yue)小越(yue)好; 通(tong)用(yong)Chevy Volt電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車的出廠設(she)計就是強制將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)維持在(zai)20%至(zhi)80%,而(er)蘋果筆電(dian)(dian)(dian)的內置電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)能也(ye)是運用(yong)了這一(yi)方法(fa)(包括(kuo)其他(ta)一(yi)些筆電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產品),讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的可(ke)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)周期數增加。

     不要將鋰電池(尤其是筆記本鋰電池)長期在設備使用外接電源的情況下工作。就算您的筆記本散熱良好,長期百分之100的電量就等于對鋰電池的謀殺。 1. 如果你長期用外接電源為筆記本電腦供電,或者電池電量已經超過80%,馬上取下你筆記本的電池、平時充電不需將電池充滿,充至80%左右即可;調整操作系統的電源選項,將電量警報調至20%以上,平時電池電量最低不要低于20%,在下降到20%以前即要進行充電; 2. 手機等小型電子設備,充好電了就應立刻斷開電源線(包括充電功能的USB接口),一直接著會損害電池;要經常充電,記起來就充,但不必非得把電池充滿; 3. 無論是對筆記本還是手機等,都一定不要讓電池耗盡; 4. 如果要外出旅行,把電池充滿吧,但請記得在條件允許的情況下隨時為電器充電,為了電池壽命,一定不要等到電池放干; 現今人們都擁有不少電子設備,其中很大一部分使用鋰電池,確保電(dian)池(chi)壽命非常實用。畢竟電(dian)池(chi)報(bao)廢了還要回收處(chu)理,否則(ze)就(jiu)會對(dui)環境(jing)造成嚴重污(wu)染。