極客也未必知道：如何確保鋰電池長壽？ “鋰電池放電放得越盡，電池的損耗就會越大，”艾克郎大學，幫助美國太空總署NASA研究延長電池壽命的電子工程教授Tom Hartley，說到，“給電池充電充得越滿，電池的損耗也會越大。鋰電池最(zui)好是處于電量的中間狀態，那樣(yang)的話電池壽命最(zui)長。”

     哈(ha)勃太空望遠鏡上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)消耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)設(she)定在總容量(liang)(liang)百(bai)分(fen)之10,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)次(ci)數可達10萬次(ci) 首(shou)先,過高和過低的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)狀態對(dui)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)壽命有最(zui)不利的(de)(de)影(ying)響,而充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)次(ci)數反而是次(ci)要 的(de)(de)。其實,大多(duo)數售賣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)上標識的(de)(de)可反復充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)數,都(dou)是以放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)百(bai)分(fen)之80為基準(zhun)(zhun)測試得出的(de)(de)。實驗表明(ming),對(dui)于一(yi)(yi)些(xie)筆記本電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦的(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),經常讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya) 超過標準(zhun)(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)0.1伏(fu)(fu)特(te),即從4.1伏(fu)(fu)上升到4.2伏(fu)(fu),那么電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)壽命會(hui)減半,再提高0.1伏(fu)(fu),則壽命減為原來的(de)(de)3分(fen)之一(yi)(yi);長期低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)或者無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)狀態則 會(hui)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)部對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)移動(dong)的(de)(de)阻力越來越大,于是導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)(liang)變小。

    美國宇航局NASA讓其哈勃太空望遠鏡上電池的消耗電量設定在總容量的百分之10,以確保 電池可以反復充放電10萬次而不必更新。 其次,溫度對鋰電池壽命也有較大的影響(手機和其他小型電子設備對此點可忽略)。冰點以下的環境有可能使鋰電池在(zai)電子產(chan)品打開的(de)瞬間燒毀,而(er)過熱的(de) 環境則會縮減電池的(de)容量(liang)(liang)。因此,如果筆電長(chang)期(qi)使用(yong)外接電源也不將電池取下來,電池就(jiu)長(chang)期(qi)處于筆記本排出(chu)的(de)高熱當中,更主(zhu)要的(de)是,電池長(chang)期(qi)處于百(bai)分之100 的(de)電量(liang)(liang)狀態,很快就(jiu)會報廢(包括我(wo)自(zi)己的(de)筆電電池就(jiu)是這么玩完的(de))。

 由以上,我們可(ke)以總結出(chu)以下幾點確保鋰電池容(rong)量(liang)和壽(shou)命的注(zhu)意事項:

　 不(bu)需要將(jiang)(jiang)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)到(dao)百分之100滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),更不(bu)要將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)殆(dai)盡。在(zai)情(qing)況允許的(de)情(qing)況下(xia),盡量(liang)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)維持(chi)在(zai)半(ban)滿狀態附近(jin),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)幅(fu)度(du)越小越好; 通用(yong)(yong)Chevy Volt電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車的(de)出廠設(she)計就是強制將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)維持(chi)在(zai)20%至80%,而蘋果筆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)內置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池可能也是運(yun)用(yong)(yong)了這一方法(fa)(包括其他一些筆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產(chan)品(pin)),讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)可充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期數增加。

     不要將鋰電池(尤其是筆記本鋰電池)長期在設備使用外接電源的情況下工作。就算您的筆記本散熱良好,長期百分之100的電量就等于對鋰電池的謀殺。 1. 如果你長期用外接電源為筆記本電腦供電,或者電池電量已經超過80%,馬上取下你筆記本的電池、平時充電不需將電池充滿,充至80%左右即可;調整操作系統的電源選項,將電量警報調至20%以上,平時電池電量最低不要低于20%,在下降到20%以前即要進行充電; 2. 手機等小型電子設備,充好電了就應立刻斷開電源線(包括充電功能的USB接口),一直接著會損害電池;要經常充電,記起來就充,但不必非得把電池充滿; 3. 無論是對筆記本還是手機等,都一定不要讓電池耗盡; 4. 如果要外出旅行,把電池充滿吧,但請記得在條件允許的情況下隨時為電器充電,為了電池壽命,一定不要等到電池放干; 現今人們都擁有不少電子設備,其中很大一部分使用鋰電池,確(que)保電池(chi)壽命非常實用(yong)。畢竟電池(chi)報廢(fei)了還(huan)要回收處理,否則就會對環境造成嚴(yan)重污(wu)染。