極客也未必知道：如何確保鋰電池長壽？ “鋰電池放電放得越盡，電池的損耗就會越大，”艾克郎大學，幫助美國太空總署NASA研究延長電池壽命的電子工程教授Tom Hartley，說到，“給電池充電充得越滿，電池的損耗也會越大。鋰電池最好(hao)是處于電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)中間狀態，那樣(yang)的(de)話電(dian)(dian)池壽命最長。”

     哈勃太(tai)空望遠鏡上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的消耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)設定(ding)在總容量(liang)(liang)百分之10,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次(ci)數(shu)可達(da)10萬次(ci) 首先,過高(gao)和過低的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)狀(zhuang)態(tai)對鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的壽(shou)命有(you)最不利的影響,而(er)(er)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次(ci)數(shu)反而(er)(er)是次(ci)要 的。其(qi)實,大(da)多(duo)數(shu)售(shou)賣(mai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上(shang)標識的可反復充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)數(shu),都是以放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)百分之80為基準(zhun)測試得出的。實驗表明,對于一(yi)些(xie)筆記本電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦的鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),經(jing)常讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓 超過標準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓0.1伏(fu)(fu)特,即(ji)從(cong)4.1伏(fu)(fu)上(shang)升到4.2伏(fu)(fu),那么電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的壽(shou)命會減半,再提高(gao)0.1伏(fu)(fu),則壽(shou)命減為原(yuan)來(lai)的3分之一(yi);長期低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)或者(zhe)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的狀(zhuang)態(tai)則 會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子移動的阻力越來(lai)越大(da),于是導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)變小。

    美國宇航局NASA讓其哈勃太空望遠鏡上電池的消耗電量設定在總容量的百分之10,以確保 電池可以反復充放電10萬次而不必更新。 其次,溫度對鋰電池壽命也有較大的影響(手機和其他小型電子設備對此點可忽略)。冰點以下的環境有可能使鋰電池在(zai)電(dian)(dian)子產品打開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)瞬間燒毀,而過熱的(de)(de)(de) 環境則會縮減電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量。因(yin)此,如果筆電(dian)(dian)長(chang)期使用外接電(dian)(dian)源也不將電(dian)(dian)池取下來,電(dian)(dian)池就長(chang)期處(chu)于(yu)(yu)筆記本排出的(de)(de)(de)高熱當中,更主要的(de)(de)(de)是(shi),電(dian)(dian)池長(chang)期處(chu)于(yu)(yu)百分之(zhi)100 的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量狀態,很快就會報廢(fei)(包括我自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)筆電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池就是(shi)這么玩完的(de)(de)(de))。

 由以上,我們可以總結出以下幾點確(que)保鋰電池容量和(he)壽命的(de)注意事(shi)項:

　 不(bu)需要將(jiang)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)到百分之100滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian),更不(bu)要將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)使(shi)用(yong)殆盡。在情(qing)況(kuang)允許的情(qing)況(kuang)下,盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)維持(chi)在半滿(man)狀(zhuang)態(tai)附近(jin),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)與放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的幅度越(yue)小(xiao)越(yue)好; 通用(yong)Chevy Volt電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車的出廠設計就是強(qiang)制將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)維持(chi)在20%至80%,而蘋果筆(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的內置電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可能也是運(yun)用(yong)了這一(yi)方法(fa)(包括其他一(yi)些筆(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品),讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的可充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)周期數增加。

     不要將鋰電池(尤其是筆記本鋰電池)長期在設備使用外接電源的情況下工作。就算您的筆記本散熱良好,長期百分之100的電量就等于對鋰電池的謀殺。 1. 如果你長期用外接電源為筆記本電腦供電,或者電池電量已經超過80%,馬上取下你筆記本的電池、平時充電不需將電池充滿,充至80%左右即可;調整操作系統的電源選項,將電量警報調至20%以上,平時電池電量最低不要低于20%,在下降到20%以前即要進行充電; 2. 手機等小型電子設備,充好電了就應立刻斷開電源線(包括充電功能的USB接口),一直接著會損害電池;要經常充電,記起來就充,但不必非得把電池充滿; 3. 無論是對筆記本還是手機等,都一定不要讓電池耗盡; 4. 如果要外出旅行,把電池充滿吧,但請記得在條件允許的情況下隨時為電器充電,為了電池壽命,一定不要等到電池放干; 現今人們都擁有不少電子設備,其中很大一部分使用鋰電池,確(que)保電池壽命非常實用(yong)。畢竟電池報廢了還要回(hui)收處(chu)理,否(fou)則就會對環(huan)境造(zao)成(cheng)嚴重污染。