充電常識
充電是使用充電電池的重要步驟。適當合理的充電對延長電池壽命很有好處,而野蠻胡亂充電將會對電池壽命有很大影響。鋰電池基本都是根據各個(ge)產(chan)(chan)品單(dan)獨封裝,互(hu)不通用的(de),因此各個(ge)產(chan)(chan)品也提(ti)供(gong)各自(zi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)設(she)備,互(hu)不通用,在使用時只要遵循各自(zi)的(de)說明(ming)書使用即可。所以本篇對(dui)電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)介(jie)紹主要是指鎳鎘電(dian)池和鎳氫電(dian)池。對(dui)鎳隔電(dian)池和鎳氫電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)有兩種方(fang)式,就是我們大家(jia)所熟知(zhi)的(de)“快充(chong)(chong)(chong)”和“慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)”。快充(chong)(chong)(chong)和慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)是充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)一個(ge)重要概念,只有了(le)解了(le)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)和慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)才能正確(que)掌握充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。
首先,快充和慢充是個相對的概念。有人曾問,充電器充電(dian)電(dian)流有200mA,是(shi)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)快(kuai)充?這個(ge)答案(an)并不(bu)(bu)絕對(dui),應(ying)該回答對(dui)于某(mou)些(xie)電(dian)池來說(shuo),它是(shi)快(kuai)充,而(er)對(dui)于某(mou)些(xie)電(dian)池來說(shuo),它只是(shi)慢充。那我們究(jiu)竟怎樣來判別快(kuai)充還是(shi)慢充呢?
例(li)如一(yi)節(jie)(jie)5號鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)為1200mAH,而(er)另(ling)一(yi)節(jie)(jie)則為1600mAH。把一(yi)節(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)稱為1C,可(ke)見1C只(zhi)是(shi)一(yi)個邏輯概念,同樣的1C,并(bing)不(bu)相(xiang)等(deng)。在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)小(xiao)于0.1C時,稱為涓流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。顧(gu)名思(si)義(yi),是(shi)指電(dian)(dian)流(liu)很(hen)小(xiao)。一(yi)般而(er)言,涓流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)能夠把電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)的很(hen)足,而(er)不(bu)傷害電(dian)(dian)池壽(shou)命,但用(yong)(yong)涓流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)所(suo)花的時間實(shi)在(zai)太(tai)長(chang),因此很(hen)少單獨使用(yong)(yong),而(er)是(shi)和其它(ta)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)結合使用(yong)(yong)。
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流在0.1C-0.2C之間時(shi),稱為慢速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流大于(yu)0.2C,小(xiao)于(yu)0.8C則(ze)是快速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。而當充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流大于(yu)0.8C時(shi),稱之為超(chao)高速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。
正因為1C是(shi)(shi)個邏輯(ji)概(gai)念而(er)非絕對(dui)值(zhi),因此(ci)根據1C折算的(de)快充(chong)慢充(chong)也是(shi)(shi)一個相對(dui)值(zhi)。前(qian)面例子中提到的(de)200mA充(chong)電電流對(dui)于1200mAH的(de)電池來(lai)說是(shi)(shi)慢充(chong),而(er)對(dui)于700mAH的(de)電池來(lai)說就是(shi)(shi)快充(chong)