近年來隨著原油的進一步緊缺，油價的不斷上漲。電動車作為一種綠色、環保、便捷的交通工具，越來越受到人們的喜歡，其發展勢頭異常迅猛，銷量一直以驚人的速度翻番遞增。電動車作為一個能耗低，污染小的新型交通工具，有著廣大的市場需求，是一種拉動內需的新型產業。因而有著非常巨大市場的潛力。
    在今年3月26日《湖北日報》刊登了一篇題為〈江城5萬電動自行車成“孤兒”〉的文章尤如一顆炸彈在消費者的頭上炸響，給廣大消費者敲響了警鐘。文中報導出現許多消費者買的電動自行車出現了質量問題后，想聯系廠家售后服務，卻被告知廠家已經倒閉。據相關調查：07年以前電動車的銷量是以幾何的倍數在增長，但從07年下半年開始電動車出現了嚴重的滯銷，至使許多生產廠家倒閉，而造成電動車出現了嚴重的滯銷的根本原因就是：電動自行車的“心臟”―電池出現了嚴重的提前老化問題，消費者對電動車產生了質疑，不再購買電動車了。
    電池是決定電動自行車性能的重要零件之一，是電動自行車的“心臟”，目前國內的電動車多數使用密封鉛酸蓄電池，這是因為密封鉛酸蓄電池具有免維護、安全不漏液以及價格低廉等特點，它可以完全滿足電動自行車的使用要求，特別是考慮到價格因素，預計在今后很長一段時期里，國內的電動自行車仍將主要使用密封鉛酸蓄電池，但是密封鉛酸蓄電池具有充電模式要求嚴格的特點，尤其是在循環使用的條件下，對充電條件的要求更為嚴格，同樣的電池在不同的充電條件下會表現出很大的差距，不恰當的充電方式很容易造成電池性能的不良，形象地說：“電池不是用壞的，而是充壞的。”所以整個電動車行業中就流傳出使用變頻脈沖充電器的密封鉛酸蓄電池循環使用壽命，會比使用普通三階段或四階段充電器的鉛酸蓄電池循環使用壽命延長一倍以上。
   

   我(wo)們來(lai)了解一(yi)下(xia)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作過(guo)程(cheng)：鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學反應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)；它是(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)正(zheng)、負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)多孔內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稀硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)充(chong)出來(lai)，內(nei)阻(zu)隨(sui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延(yan)長而減(jian)小，正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)（二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)半導(dao)體(ti)），負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)純鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)（純鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)導(dao)體(ti)），也就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)，負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)；放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)稀流(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)跑進正(zheng)、負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)多孔空隙內(nei),變成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)30%-50%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)（硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)絕緣體(ti)），內(nei)阻(zu)隨(sui)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延(yan)長而增加(jia)，也就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)又還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)為硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。而硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種非常(chang)容(rong)易(yi)結(jie)晶(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解溶液的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)濃度過(guo)高或(huo)靜(jing)態閑置時(shi)(shi)間過(guo)長時(shi)(shi)，硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)“抱成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”團，結(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)小晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)，這些(xie)硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)小晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)再(zai)吸(xi)引周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，越(yue)變越(yue)大(da)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)象滾雪球一(yi)樣形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惰性(xing)結(jie)晶(jing)(jing)團，結(jie)晶(jing)(jing)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)在低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下(xia)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，不(bu)但不(bu)能再(zai)生還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，反而還(huan)會(hui)加(jia)速硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)抱成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)團并沉淀(dian)附在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)上，造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)工作面(mian)(mian)積逐(zhu)(zhu)漸下(xia)降(jiang)（這也是(shi)(shi)(shi)低(di)(di)功率(lv)、低(di)(di)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器加(jia)速鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池老化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本原(yuan)(yuan)因），這一(yi)現象就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)們所叫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，也就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)常(chang)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。這時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量會(hui)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸下(xia)降(jiang)，很(hen)快就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)無法(fa)使用。當(dang)硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)量堆集時(shi)(shi)還(huan)會(hui)吸(xi)引鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)微粒形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)枝，通過(guo)正(zheng)負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)枝搭(da)橋就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短路(lu)。如果極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)表面(mian)(mian)或(huo)密封(feng)塑殼有(you)縫隙，硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)結(jie)晶(jing)(jing)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)在這些(xie)縫隙內(nei)堆積，并產(chan)生膨脹張(zhang)力，最終(zhong)使極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)斷裂(lie)脫落或(huo)外殼破(po)裂(lie)，造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池不(bu)可修復的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理(li)性(xing)損壞。

 其次，在炎熱的夏天，蓄電池本身就在高溫下工作，普通三階四階充電器在恒壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)的(de)后(hou)期(qi)析氣量(liang)非常嚴重(zhong)（也就是失水量(liang)嚴重(zhong)），它(ta)直(zhi)接影響鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)循環使用壽命，這一階(jie)(jie)段(duan)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流偏小，極板化合(he)反應不(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進入涓流階(jie)(jie)段(duan)的(de)參考方式是極其不(bu)準確的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流取樣(yang)，造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在后(hou)期(qi)加速嚴重(zhong)失水，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度急劇上升而高于正常值，自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)急劇增加，這樣(yang)在180次充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環之(zhi)后(hou)，即使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)已充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿也無(wu)法轉換充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示燈和關斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出(chu)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組中的(de)單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)之(zhi)間不(bu)可避免地出(chu)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和容量(liang)高低差別，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)就會被(bei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)鼓變(bian)(bian)形，這就是將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壞(huai)了，在260次充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環之(zhi)后(hou)，即使沒有(you)被(bei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)鼓變(bian)(bian)形但已造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)過早衰退、老化、損壞(huai)。