近年來隨著原油的進一步緊缺，油價的不斷上漲。電動車作為一種綠色、環保、便捷的交通工具，越來越受到人們的喜歡，其發展勢頭異常迅猛，銷量一直以驚人的速度翻番遞增。電動車作為一個能耗低，污染小的新型交通工具，有著廣大的市場需求，是一種拉動內需的新型產業。因而有著非常巨大市場的潛力。
    在今年3月26日《湖北日報》刊登了一篇題為〈江城5萬電動自行車成“孤兒”〉的文章尤如一顆炸彈在消費者的頭上炸響，給廣大消費者敲響了警鐘。文中報導出現許多消費者買的電動自行車出現了質量問題后，想聯系廠家售后服務，卻被告知廠家已經倒閉。據相關調查：07年以前電動車的銷量是以幾何的倍數在增長，但從07年下半年開始電動車出現了嚴重的滯銷，至使許多生產廠家倒閉，而造成電動車出現了嚴重的滯銷的根本原因就是：電動自行車的“心臟”―電池出現了嚴重的提前老化問題，消費者對電動車產生了質疑，不再購買電動車了。
    電池是決定電動自行車性能的重要零件之一，是電動自行車的“心臟”，目前國內的電動車多數使用密封鉛酸蓄電池，這是因為密封鉛酸蓄電池具有免維護、安全不漏液以及價格低廉等特點，它可以完全滿足電動自行車的使用要求，特別是考慮到價格因素，預計在今后很長一段時期里，國內的電動自行車仍將主要使用密封鉛酸蓄電池，但是密封鉛酸蓄電池具有充電模式要求嚴格的特點，尤其是在循環使用的條件下，對充電條件的要求更為嚴格，同樣的電池在不同的充電條件下會表現出很大的差距，不恰當的充電方式很容易造成電池性能的不良，形象地說：“電池不是用壞的，而是充壞的。”所以整個電動車行業中就流傳出使用變頻脈沖充電器的密封鉛酸蓄電池循環使用壽命，會比使用普通三階段或四階段充電器的鉛酸蓄電池循環使用壽命延長一倍以上。
   

   我們來了(le)(le)解(jie)一(yi)(yi)下(xia)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)工作過(guo)程：鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)程是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反應(ying)的(de)(de)過(guo)程，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)，負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)還原(yuan)(yuan)；它是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板多孔內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)稀(xi)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)出來，內(nei)(nei)(nei)阻隨充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間的(de)(de)延(yan)長而減小(xiao)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)（二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)），負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)還原(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)純鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)（純鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)），也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)還原(yuan)(yuan)，負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)；放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)稀(xi)流(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)跑進正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板多孔空隙內(nei)(nei)(nei),變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)30%-50%的(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)（硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)絕緣體(ti)(ti)(ti)），內(nei)(nei)(nei)阻隨放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間的(de)(de)延(yan)長而增加(jia)，也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)又還原(yuan)(yuan)為硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。而硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種非常容易(yi)結(jie)(jie)晶(jing)的(de)(de)物(wu)質，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)溶液的(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)濃(nong)度過(guo)高或靜(jing)態閑置時(shi)間過(guo)長時(shi)，硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會“抱(bao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”團(tuan)，結(jie)(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)小(xiao)晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，這些硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)小(xiao)晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)再(zai)吸(xi)引周圍的(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，越(yue)變(bian)越(yue)大(da)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)象滾(gun)雪球一(yi)(yi)樣形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)的(de)(de)惰(duo)性結(jie)(jie)晶(jing)團(tuan)，結(jie)(jie)晶(jing)后的(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)在(zai)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下(xia)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，不(bu)但不(bu)能再(zai)生還原(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，反而還會加(jia)速硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)抱(bao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)團(tuan)并沉(chen)淀(dian)附在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板上(shang)，造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板工作面積(ji)逐漸下(xia)降（這也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)低功率、低充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器加(jia)速鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)老(lao)化(hua)的(de)(de)根本原(yuan)(yuan)因），這一(yi)(yi)現象就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)們所叫的(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽化(hua)，也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常說(shuo)的(de)(de)老(lao)化(hua)。這時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)會逐漸下(xia)降，很快就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)無法使(shi)用。當(dang)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)量(liang)堆集時(shi)還會吸(xi)引鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)微粒形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)枝(zhi)(zhi)，通過(guo)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板間的(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)枝(zhi)(zhi)搭橋就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)短路。如果極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板表面或密封塑殼(ke)(ke)有縫隙，硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)結(jie)(jie)晶(jing)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會在(zai)這些縫隙內(nei)(nei)(nei)堆積(ji)，并產(chan)生膨脹張力，最(zui)終使(shi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板斷裂脫落或外殼(ke)(ke)破裂，造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)可修復的(de)(de)物(wu)理(li)性損壞。

 其次，在炎熱的夏天，蓄電池本身就在高溫下工作，普通三階四階充電器在(zai)恒壓(ya)階段(duan)的(de)后(hou)期(qi)析氣量非常嚴(yan)重（也就(jiu)是失(shi)水量嚴(yan)重），它直接(jie)影響鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)使(shi)用壽命(ming)，這(zhe)(zhe)一階段(duan)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)偏小，極(ji)板化合反應(ying)不(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)入涓流(liu)階段(duan)的(de)參考方(fang)式是極(ji)其不(bu)(bu)準(zhun)確的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)取(qu)樣，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)后(hou)期(qi)加速嚴(yan)重失(shi)水，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度急(ji)劇上升(sheng)而高于(yu)正常值，自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)急(ji)劇增(zeng)加，這(zhe)(zhe)樣在(zai)180次(ci)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)之后(hou)，即使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)已(yi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿也無法轉換充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)指示(shi)燈和(he)關斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸(shu)出(chu)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組中(zhong)的(de)單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)之間不(bu)(bu)可避免地出(chu)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)容量高低(di)差別，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)就(jiu)會(hui)被充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)鼓(gu)變形，這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)是將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壞了(le)，在(zai)260次(ci)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)之后(hou)，即使(shi)沒有被充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)鼓(gu)變形但已(yi)造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量過早(zao)衰退、老化、損壞。