近年來隨著原油的進一步緊缺，油價的不斷上漲。電動車作為一種綠色、環保、便捷的交通工具，越來越受到人們的喜歡，其發展勢頭異常迅猛，銷量一直以驚人的速度翻番遞增。電動車作為一個能耗低，污染小的新型交通工具，有著廣大的市場需求，是一種拉動內需的新型產業。因而有著非常巨大市場的潛力。
    在今年3月26日《湖北日報》刊登了一篇題為〈江城5萬電動自行車成“孤兒”〉的文章尤如一顆炸彈在消費者的頭上炸響，給廣大消費者敲響了警鐘。文中報導出現許多消費者買的電動自行車出現了質量問題后，想聯系廠家售后服務，卻被告知廠家已經倒閉。據相關調查：07年以前電動車的銷量是以幾何的倍數在增長，但從07年下半年開始電動車出現了嚴重的滯銷，至使許多生產廠家倒閉，而造成電動車出現了嚴重的滯銷的根本原因就是：電動自行車的“心臟”―電池出現了嚴重的提前老化問題，消費者對電動車產生了質疑，不再購買電動車了。
    電池是決定電動自行車性能的重要零件之一，是電動自行車的“心臟”，目前國內的電動車多數使用密封鉛酸蓄電池，這是因為密封鉛酸蓄電池具有免維護、安全不漏液以及價格低廉等特點，它可以完全滿足電動自行車的使用要求，特別是考慮到價格因素，預計在今后很長一段時期里，國內的電動自行車仍將主要使用密封鉛酸蓄電池，但是密封鉛酸蓄電池具有充電模式要求嚴格的特點，尤其是在循環使用的條件下，對充電條件的要求更為嚴格，同樣的電池在不同的充電條件下會表現出很大的差距，不恰當的充電方式很容易造成電池性能的不良，形象地說：“電池不是用壞的，而是充壞的。”所以整個電動車行業中就流傳出使用變頻脈沖充電器的密封鉛酸蓄電池循環使用壽命，會比使用普通三階段或四階段充電器的鉛酸蓄電池循環使用壽命延長一倍以上。
   

   我們來(lai)了解一(yi)下鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)過(guo)程(cheng)：鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學反應的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)，負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)還(huan)(huan)原；它是(shi)(shi)把正(zheng)、負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)多孔內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)稀硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)充(chong)(chong)出來(lai)，內(nei)阻隨充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)延長而(er)減小，正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)（二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)半導體），負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)以硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)還(huan)(huan)原成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)純鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)（純鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)導體），也就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)還(huan)(huan)原，負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)；放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)稀流(liu)酸(suan)(suan)跑進正(zheng)、負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)多孔空隙內(nei),變成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)30%-50%的(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)（硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)絕緣體），內(nei)阻隨放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)延長而(er)增加(jia)，也就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)又還(huan)(huan)原為硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)。而(er)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)非常(chang)容易結(jie)晶(jing)的(de)(de)(de)物質，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解溶(rong)液的(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)濃度過(guo)高(gao)或(huo)靜(jing)態(tai)閑置時(shi)(shi)間(jian)過(guo)長時(shi)(shi)，硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會“抱(bao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”團(tuan)，結(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)小晶(jing)體，這(zhe)些硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)小晶(jing)體再吸(xi)引周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)，越變越大(da)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)象滾雪球一(yi)樣形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)惰性(xing)結(jie)晶(jing)團(tuan)，結(jie)晶(jing)后的(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)在(zai)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，不(bu)但不(bu)能再生還(huan)(huan)原成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)，反而(er)還(huan)(huan)會加(jia)速硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)抱(bao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)團(tuan)并沉淀(dian)附在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)，造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)工作(zuo)面積逐漸(jian)下降（這(zhe)也是(shi)(shi)低功率、低充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器加(jia)速鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)老化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)根本原因(yin)），這(zhe)一(yi)現象就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)人們所叫的(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)，也就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)常(chang)說的(de)(de)(de)老化(hua)(hua)。這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量會逐漸(jian)下降，很(hen)快就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)無法(fa)使(shi)用。當(dang)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)量堆集時(shi)(shi)還(huan)(huan)會吸(xi)引鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)微粒(li)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)枝，通過(guo)正(zheng)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)枝搭橋就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)短路(lu)。如(ru)果極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)表面或(huo)密封塑殼(ke)有縫隙，硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)結(jie)晶(jing)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會在(zai)這(zhe)些縫隙內(nei)堆積，并產生膨脹張力，最終使(shi)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)斷裂(lie)脫落或(huo)外(wai)殼(ke)破裂(lie)，造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)可修復的(de)(de)(de)物理性(xing)損壞(huai)。

 其次，在炎熱的夏天，蓄電池本身就在高溫下工作，普通三階四階充電器在(zai)恒壓階段的(de)(de)后(hou)期(qi)析氣量(liang)非常(chang)嚴重（也(ye)就是失水量(liang)嚴重），它直接(jie)影響鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)循環使(shi)用壽命(ming)，這一階段的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)偏小，極(ji)板化合反應不充(chong)(chong)分，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進入涓流(liu)階段的(de)(de)參考方式是極(ji)其(qi)不準確(que)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)取樣(yang)，造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)后(hou)期(qi)加速嚴重失水，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度(du)急(ji)劇(ju)上(shang)升而高于(yu)正常(chang)值，自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)急(ji)劇(ju)增加，這樣(yang)在(zai)180次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環之(zhi)后(hou)，即(ji)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)已(yi)充(chong)(chong)滿(man)也(ye)無法轉換充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示(shi)燈和(he)關斷充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組中的(de)(de)單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)之(zhi)間不可(ke)避免(mian)地(di)出現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)容(rong)量(liang)高低差別(bie)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就會被充(chong)(chong)鼓變形，這就是將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)壞了，在(zai)260次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環之(zhi)后(hou)，即(ji)使(shi)沒有被充(chong)(chong)鼓變形但已(yi)造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)過早衰退、老化、損(sun)壞。