一、蓄電池的安裝

　　蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)一(yi)(yi)般采用(yong)(yong)串聯方式使用(yong)(yong)，即一(yi)(yi)只蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)正極(ji)與(yu)另一(yi)(yi)只蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)負極(ji)相連，將(jiang)所(suo)有蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)連在一(yi)(yi)起(qi)，最后余下正負接線端子與(yu)電(dian)動車(che)對應接線相連，電(dian)動車(che)的(de)(de)電(dian)機、控制器、儀表等是蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)負載。

　　電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)一(yi)般都有(you)電(dian)(dian)池盒(he)，從安(an)裝(zhuang)位(wei)置分有(you)斜杠式，后插式和(he)底(di)盤式安(an)裝(zhuang)，其(qi)(qi)結構(gou)形狀(zhuang)可謂五(wu)花八門。每(mei)家電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)廠都各有(you)特色。如圖電(dian)(dian)池盒(he)一(yi)般用工程塑料(liao)制成，其(qi)(qi)強度較(jiao)好(hao)，重量較(jiao)輕(qing)，安(an)裝(zhuang)方便。電(dian)(dian)池盒(he)一(yi)般由底(di)槽、上蓋(gai)、蓄電(dian)(dian)池接觸點及充電(dian)(dian)插座(zuo)、電(dian)(dian)車(che)鎖等組(zu)成。底(di)槽與上蓋(gai)扣緊(jin)，并用自攻螺絲或(huo)螺栓緊(jin)固。電(dian)(dian)池盒(he)是按蓄電(dian)(dian)池型(xing)號規格進行設(she)計的(de)(de)，在整車(che)設(she)計時應考慮其(qi)(qi)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)散熱性能。

    二、蓄電池的充電

　　“蓄電(dian)池(chi)不是(shi)用(yong)壞的而是(shi)充壞的”，這一說法絕非危言聳聽，蓄電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)性(xing)能好壞對蓄電(dian)池(chi)的使(shi)用(yong)壽命和使(shi)用(yong)性(xing)能起著(zhu)舉足輕重的作用(yong)，必須(xu)重視(shi)。

 　　1、蓄電池對(dui)充電工藝的(de)要求

　　認識蓄電池對充電工藝的基本要求，是分析各種電池充電器技術的基礎。蓄電池對蓄電池充電器充電的基本要求是：充電電流應小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)或(huo)等于(yu)(yu)蓄電池可接(jie)收充電電流。否則，過(guo)剩的電流會(hui)使(shi)電解水(shui)(shui)液(ye)過(guo)快地消耗掉，產生以下危害：加(jia)大蓄電池的失(shi)水(shui)(shui)率，增加(jia)維護(hu)工作量(liang)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)免維護(hu)電池，會(hui)造(zao)成蓄電池的早期失(shi)效(xiao)；產生酸霧，造(zao)成環境污染，危害工人身體健康；使(shi)充電效(xiao)率降(jiang)低(di)，造(zao)成能源(yuan)的嚴重浪費。

　　充電過程(cheng)(cheng)，是放電電化學反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)逆反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)過程(cheng)(cheng)，如果充電電化學反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)過程(cheng)(cheng)在理想的(de)(de)狀態下進行，這個(ge)過程(cheng)(cheng)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該是互為逆反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)，即充入的(de)(de)電量與放出的(de)(de)電量應(ying)(ying)(ying)基本(ben)相等(deng)。但在嚴重析氣(qi)的(de)(de)狀態下，有效充電電化學反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)過程(cheng)(cheng)消耗的(de)(de)電能達不到總電量的(de)(de)40%，即浪費電能60%以上。

　　氣體(ti)的(de)產生聚集在蓄電(dian)池多孔電(dian)極內部，減(jian)少了電(dian)解質與(yu)多孔電(dian)極的(de)接觸面積(ji)，即充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)化學(xue)反應界面大幅度(du)減(jian)小，使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)化學(xue)反應速(su)度(du)降低，充(chong)電(dian)十分困難，充(chong)電(dian)時間延長(chang)。

　　嚴(yan)重的析(xi)氣會損(sun)害蓄電池：

      ①大量氣(qi)體的產生對極板活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)有沖刷(shua)作(zuo)用，使活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質容易松軟和(he)脫落。

      ②在(zai)較(jiao)高的(de)極化(hua)電壓下，正極板的(de)板柵會產生嚴重腐蝕，生成Pb02，這種(zhong)腐蝕物與電化(hua)學生存的(de)Pb02是(shi)完(wan)全不同的(de)，是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)不可逆(ni)的(de)氧(yang)化(hua)物，導電較(jiao)差，并(bing)使板柵變形，脆裂，失去骨架(jia)和導電作用。因此(ci)在(zai)充電時應盡可能防止過充電。

 　　長期充電(dian)不足，未(wei)反應(ying)的活性物(wu)質會(hui)產(chan)生不可逆(ni)的高陽性的大顆粒PbS04晶(jing)粒(即(ji)不可逆(ni)硫酸(suan)鹽化(hua))使(shi)蓄電(dian)池容(rong)量下降，內阻加大，充電(dian)難度加大，造成(cheng)蓄電(dian)池早期損(sun)壞。因此，蓄電(dian)池要盡量保證充足電(dian)，防止不可逆(ni)硫酸(suan)鹽化(hua)。

 　　2、充電頻(pin)次的選擇(ze)

　　蓄(xu)電池充(chong)(chong)電深(shen)(shen)度對(dui)循環(huan)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)影響很大，基本呈指(zhi)數變(bian)化(hua)。這是(shi)由于正極活性物(wu)(wu)(wu)為Pb02，其結合牢度不高(gao)，放電時轉(zhuan)化(hua)成(cheng)PbS04充(chong)(chong)電時又(you)轉(zhuan)化(hua)成(cheng)P，而P的(de)體(ti)積(ji)遠(yuan)比P體(ti)積(ji)大(其體(ti)積(ji)之比約為2:1)。因(yin)此(ci)，對(dui)正極板而言，活性物(wu)(wu)(wu)將會(hui)膨脹收(shou)縮反(fan)復進(jin)行，使(shi)其粒子之間的(de)連(lian)接逐漸脫落，使(shi)蓄(xu)電池活性物(wu)(wu)(wu)失(shi)去放電特性成(cheng)為“陽極泥”，使(shi)蓄(xu)電池性能下降，直至壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)終止。放電深(shen)(shen)度越(yue)(yue)深(shen)(shen)，膨脹收(shou)縮量越(yue)(yue)大，對(dui)活性物(wu)(wu)(wu)結合力(li)破(po)壞越(yue)(yue)大，壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)越(yue)(yue)短(duan)；反(fan)之則循環(huan)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)越(yue)(yue)長。

　　從理論上(shang)講蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用時(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)盡量避(bi)免(mian)深放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，應(ying)做到(dao)淺(qian)放(fang)勤充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，前提是(shi)(shi)有特別(bie)匹配(pei)的(de)(de)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)與之匹配(pei)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)實(shi)際使用中，由于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)性能(neng)和蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池本身的(de)(de)離(li)散及(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)習(xi)慣及(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)影(ying)響，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)均比較高，或(huo)多或(huo)少都存在過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多數在夜間(jian)進行，時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)一般在6-10小時(shi)(shi)(shi)，平均8小時(shi)(shi)(shi)左右，若是(shi)(shi)淺(qian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很快就(jiu)會(hui)到(dao)達末(mo)期，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率變低，會(hui)產生過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)比較長，加上(shang)頻繁充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就(jiu)會(hui)使蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命因充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受到(dao)較大影(ying)響。

　　最(zui)理(li)想的充(chong)電(dian)要(yao)求根據實(shi)際情(qing)況(kuang)而定(ding)，要(yao)參考平時(shi)運行(xing)頻率、里程情(qing)況(kuang)、蓄電(dian)池(chi)廠提供的說明，以(yi)及配套的充(chong)電(dian)器性能等參數(shu)制定(ding)充(chong)電(dian)頻次(ci)。按絕大多數(shu)用戶的情(qing)況(kuang)，蓄電(dian)池(chi)以(yi)放電(dian)深度為50%-70%時(shi)充(chong)一次(ci)電(dian)最(zui)佳，這樣可使蓄電(dian)池(chi)壽命(ming)達到最(zui)佳效(xiao)果(guo)。實(shi)際使用時(shi)可折算成騎(qi)行(xing)里程，在需要(yao)時(shi)充(chong)一次(ci)。

　　3、溫度對充(chong)電的影響(xiang)

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)高溫(wen)季節運行，主要存在(zai)過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)問題(ti)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)度(du)增(zeng)高時(shi)，各活(huo)性物(wu)質的(de)活(huo)度(du)增(zeng)加，正(zheng)極析(xi)氧電(dian)(dian)位一下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，負極析(xi)氧電(dian)(dian)位也下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(負值下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang))，因此(ci)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)反(fan)應速度(du)快，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流大，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)需(xu)要的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓較低(di)。為(wei)防止過高的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓，應盡量(liang)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)度(du)，保證(zheng)良好(hao)散熱，防止在(zai)烈日暴曬后即充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，并應遠離(li)熱源。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)低溫(wen)(wen)情況下，各活(huo)性物質活(huo)度降(jiang)低，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極上的(de)P溶解(jie)變得(de)困難，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時消(xiao)耗P后很難得(de)到補(bu)充，所充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大幅度下降(jiang)，正極板在(zai)(zai)-20℃時充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)僅(jin)為(wei)常(chang)溫(wen)(wen)的(de)70%，而負(fu)極充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受(shou)膨脹劑的(de)影(ying)響，低溫(wen)(wen)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受(shou)能(neng)力(li)(li)更低，-20℃的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)僅(jin)為(wei)常(chang)溫(wen)(wen)下的(de)40%。因此，低溫(wen)(wen)條(tiao)件(jian)下充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主要(yao)存在(zai)(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受(shou)能(neng)力(li)(li)差(cha)、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足(zu)的(de)問題，要(yao)求(qiu)提高充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)延長充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)。改善(shan)低溫(wen)(wen)性能(neng)主要(yao)應從(cong)負(fu)極著手。低溫(wen)(wen)使用時應采取保溫(wen)(wen)防(fang)凍措施，特別是充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時應放在(zai)(zai)溫(wen)(wen)暖的(de)環境中，有利(li)于保證(zheng)充足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，防(fang)止不(bu)可逆硫(liu)酸的(de)產生(sheng)，延長蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)使用壽命。

　　蓄(xu)電池(chi)的存(cun)儲和使(shi)用期(qi)間，可定期(qi)進行活化充電，即所謂的均衡(heng)充電，這對防止蓄(xu)電池(chi)不可逆硫酸鹽化非常有利，對蓄(xu)電池(chi)使(shi)用壽命很有好處，值(zhi)得(de)提倡。

　　三(san)、蓄電池的使用注意事項(xiang)

　　1、防止過放電

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓后，繼續(xu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)稱為過(guo)(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。過(guo)(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)會嚴重損害蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性能(neng)及循(xun)環壽(shou)命極(ji)為不(bu)利。

　　蓄電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)到終止電(dian)壓時(shi)內阻較大(da)(da)，電(dian)解液濃度非常稀(xi)薄，特別是(shi)極板孔內及表面幾(ji)乎處于中性(xing)，過(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)時(shi)內阻有發(fa)熱傾向，體積膨脹，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流較大(da)(da)時(shi)，明顯(xian)發(fa)熱(甚至出現(xian)發(fa)熱變形)，這時(shi)硫酸鉛濃度特別大(da)(da)，生存晶枝短路的可能性(xing)增大(da)(da)，況且此時(shi)硫酸鉛會結晶成較大(da)(da)顆粒，即(ji)形成不可逆硫酸鹽化，將進一步增大(da)(da)內阻，充電(dian)恢復(fu)能力很(hen)差，甚至無法修復(fu)。

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用時(shi)應防止過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，采取“欠壓(ya)保(bao)護”是(shi)(shi)很有效(xiao)的(de)措施。另外，由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車“欠壓(ya)保(bao)護”是(shi)(shi)由(you)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)，但(dan)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器以外的(de)其他一些(xie)設(she)備如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表、指示(shi)燈等耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器是(shi)(shi)由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池直接供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)供給一般(ban)不(bu)(bu)受控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車鎖(開關)一旦合上就開始用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。雖然電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小，但(dan)若長(chang)(chang)時(shi)間放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(1-2周)就會(hui)出現過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。因此(ci)，不(bu)(bu)得長(chang)(chang)時(shi)間開鎖，不(bu)(bu)用時(shi)應立(li)即關掉。

　　2、防止過充電

　　前面已經對(dui)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)進行了闡述(shu)，過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)會加(jia)大(da)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)水損失，會加(jia)速板柵腐蝕，活性物(wu)質軟化(hua)(hua)，會增加(jia)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)變(bian)形的(de)(de)幾率(lv)。應(ying)(ying)盡量避免(mian)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)發生(sheng)；選擇(ze)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)參數要(yao)與蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)良好匹配，要(yao)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)了解蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在高溫(wen)季節的(de)(de)運行狀況，以及整(zheng)個使(shi)用壽命期間(jian)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)情(qing)況。使(shi)用時不(bu)要(yao)將蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)置(zhi)于過(guo)熱環(huan)境中，特別(bie)是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時應(ying)(ying)遠離(li)熱源。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)受(shou)熱后要(yao)采取降溫(wen)措施，待蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)恢(hui)復正常時方(fang)可(ke)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)位(wei)置(zhi)應(ying)(ying)盡可(ke)能保(bao)證良好散熱，發現過(guo)熱時應(ying)(ying)停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，應(ying)(ying)對(dui)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)和(he)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行檢查。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)較淺時或(huo)環(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)偏高時應(ying)(ying)縮短充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)。

　　3、防止短路

　　蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)在短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)狀(zhuang)態時(shi)，其(qi)短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)流(liu)可(ke)達數百安(an)(an)培。短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)接(jie)觸越牢，短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)流(liu)越大，因此所有(you)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)部(bu)分都會(hui)(hui)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大量熱量，在薄弱環節(jie)發(fa)熱量更大，會(hui)(hui)將(jiang)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)處(chu)熔斷，產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)現象(xiang)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)局部(bu)可(ke)能(neng)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)爆(bao)氣(qi)體(或充電(dian)時(shi)集存的(de)可(ke)爆(bao)氣(qi)體)，在連(lian)(lian)接(jie)處(chu)熔斷時(shi)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)火花，會(hui)(hui)引(yin)起(qi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)爆(bao)炸；若蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)時(shi)間較(jiao)短(duan)(duan)(duan)或電(dian)流(liu)不是特(te)(te)別大時(shi)，可(ke)能(neng)不會(hui)(hui)引(yin)起(qi)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)處(chu)熔斷現象(xiang)，但短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)仍(reng)會(hui)(hui)有(you)過熱現象(xiang)，會(hui)(hui)損壞(huai)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)條周圍的(de)粘結(jie)劑，使(shi)其(qi)留下漏(lou)液等(deng)隱患。因此，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)絕(jue)對不能(neng)有(you)短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，在安(an)(an)裝或使(shi)用時(shi)應(ying)特(te)(te)別小心(xin)，所用工具應(ying)采取(qu)絕(jue)緣(yuan)措施(shi)，連(lian)(lian)線時(shi)應(ying)先將(jiang)電(dian)池(chi)以(yi)外的(de)電(dian)器連(lian)(lian)好，經(jing)檢查無短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，最后連(lian)(lian)上(shang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)，布線規范(fan)應(ying)良(liang)好絕(jue)緣(yuan)，防止(zhi)重(zhong)疊受壓(ya)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)破裂。

　　4、防(fang)止連接松(song)動(dong)和(he)不牢

　　若接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸不(bu)牢(lao)，程度較(jiao)輕，會(hui)發生(sheng)導電不(bu)良，使其線(xian)(xian)路(lu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸部(bu)位發熱，線(xian)(xian)路(lu)損(sun)耗較(jiao)大(da)(da)，輸出電壓偏低，影響(xiang)電機(ji)功率，使行駛(shi)里程減(jian)少或不(bu)能(neng)(neng)正常騎行；若在(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)子部(bu)件接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸不(bu)牢(lao)(絕大(da)(da)多數故障是(shi)在(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)與(yu)連線(xian)(xian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭部(bu)位)，端(duan)子會(hui)大(da)(da)量(liang)發熱，影響(xiang)端(duan)子與(yu)密(mi)封膠(jiao)的(de)(de)結合(he)，時間(jian)一長就(jiu)會(hui)發生(sheng)漏液“爬酸”現(xian)象。若在(zai)行駛(shi)過程或充電過程中(zhong)出現(xian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸不(bu)牢(lao)，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)產生(sheng)斷(duan)路(lu)，斷(duan)路(lu)時會(hui)產生(sheng)強烈的(de)(de)火花(hua)，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)點爆(bao)(bao)蓄電池(chi)(chi)內(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)爆(bao)(bao)氣體（特(te)別是(shi)剛充好電的(de)(de)蓄電池(chi)(chi)，因(yin)電池(chi)(chi)內(nei)可(ke)(ke)爆(bao)(bao)氣體較(jiao)多，且蓄電池(chi)(chi)電量(liang)足，斷(duan)路(lu)時火花(hua)較(jiao)強烈，爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)性相當大(da)(da)。）

　　電動車在運行時要承受較為強烈的振(zhen)動，因此(ci)，應(ying)對(dui)所有連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)的可(ke)靠性(xing)進行考核，接(jie)(jie)插(cha)件應(ying)帶(dai)“自鎖”功能，防止振(zhen)動和(he)拉動時脫落，對(dui)與(yu)蓄電池接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)片的連(lian)(lian)線(xian)(xian)應(ying)采取接(jie)(jie)插(cha)件，并用焊錫將其焊牢，接(jie)(jie)插(cha)件與(yu)連(lian)(lian)線(xian)(xian)應(ying)用壓(ya)接(jie)(jie)方式(shi)（也可(ke)壓(ya)接(jie)(jie)后再用焊錫焊一遍增加可(ke)靠性(xing)）。