一、蓄電池的安裝

　　蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池一(yi)(yi)般采用串聯方式(shi)使用，即一(yi)(yi)只蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的正極與另一(yi)(yi)只蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的負極相(xiang)連，將(jiang)所有蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池連在一(yi)(yi)起(qi)，最后余下正負接線端子與電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車對應接線相(xiang)連，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車的電(dian)(dian)機(ji)、控制器、儀表等是蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的用電(dian)(dian)負載(zai)。

　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車一般都有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池盒(he)，從安裝位置分(fen)有(you)斜杠式，后插式和底盤式安裝，其結(jie)構形(xing)狀(zhuang)可謂五花八(ba)門。每(mei)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車廠都各有(you)特色。如圖電(dian)(dian)(dian)池盒(he)一般用工程塑料(liao)制成，其強度較(jiao)好(hao)，重(zhong)量較(jiao)輕，安裝方便。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池盒(he)一般由(you)底槽(cao)、上(shang)蓋、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池接(jie)觸(chu)點及充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)插座(zuo)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)車鎖等(deng)組成。底槽(cao)與(yu)上(shang)蓋扣(kou)緊，并用自攻螺(luo)(luo)絲或螺(luo)(luo)栓(shuan)緊固。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池盒(he)是按蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池型號規格(ge)進行(xing)設計的(de)，在整車設計時應考慮其良(liang)好(hao)的(de)散熱性(xing)能。

    二(er)、蓄電池的充(chong)電

　　“蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)不是用壞(huai)的(de)(de)而是充壞(huai)的(de)(de)”，這一說法絕(jue)非危言(yan)聳聽，蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)性(xing)能(neng)好壞(huai)對蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)使用壽(shou)命(ming)和使用性(xing)能(neng)起(qi)著舉足輕重的(de)(de)作用，必須重視。

 　　1、蓄電(dian)池對充電(dian)工藝的要求(qiu)

　　認識蓄電池對充電工藝的基本要求，是分析各種電池充電器技術的基礎。蓄電池對蓄電池充電器充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)基本要求是：充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流應小(xiao)于或等于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可接收(shou)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。否(fou)則，過剩的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流會使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解水(shui)液(ye)過快地消耗掉，產生以下危(wei)害(hai)：加大蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)失(shi)水(shui)率(lv)，增加維(wei)護(hu)工(gong)作量，對(dui)于免維(wei)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，會造(zao)成蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)早期失(shi)效(xiao)；產生酸霧，造(zao)成環(huan)境污(wu)染，危(wei)害(hai)工(gong)人身(shen)體健康；使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)降低，造(zao)成能源的(de)嚴重浪費。

　　充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，是放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)(fan)應(ying)的(de)(de)逆反(fan)(fan)應(ying)過(guo)程，如(ru)果充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)(fan)應(ying)過(guo)程在(zai)理想的(de)(de)狀態下(xia)進行，這個(ge)過(guo)程應(ying)該是互(hu)為逆反(fan)(fan)應(ying)，即(ji)充(chong)(chong)入(ru)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)與放出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)應(ying)基(ji)本相(xiang)等。但在(zai)嚴重(zhong)析氣(qi)的(de)(de)狀態下(xia)，有效充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)(fan)應(ying)過(guo)程消(xiao)耗的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)達不到總電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)40%，即(ji)浪費(fei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)60%以上(shang)。

　　氣(qi)體的產生聚集(ji)在蓄電(dian)池多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)極內部，減少了電(dian)解質(zhi)與多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)極的接(jie)觸(chu)面積，即充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)化學(xue)反應(ying)界面大(da)幅度減小，使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)化學(xue)反應(ying)速度降(jiang)低，充(chong)電(dian)十分困難，充(chong)電(dian)時間延長。

　　嚴(yan)重的析氣(qi)會(hui)損害蓄電(dian)池：

      ①大量氣體的產生對極板(ban)活性物有沖刷(shua)作用，使(shi)活性物質容(rong)易松(song)軟和脫落。

      ②在較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)極化(hua)電壓下，正極板的(de)(de)板柵(zha)會產生嚴重(zhong)腐(fu)蝕，生成Pb02，這種腐(fu)蝕物與電化(hua)學生存的(de)(de)Pb02是完全不同的(de)(de)，是一種不可逆的(de)(de)氧化(hua)物，導電較(jiao)(jiao)差，并使板柵(zha)變形，脆裂，失(shi)去(qu)骨架和導電作用(yong)。因此在充電時應盡(jin)可能防止過充電。

 　　長期充(chong)電(dian)(dian)不足，未(wei)反應的(de)活(huo)性物質會產生不可逆(ni)的(de)高陽性的(de)大顆粒(li)PbS04晶粒(li)(即不可逆(ni)硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽化)使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)下降(jiang)，內(nei)阻加大，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)難度加大，造(zao)成蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)早期損(sun)壞。因此，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)要(yao)盡量(liang)(liang)保(bao)證(zheng)充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)，防止不可逆(ni)硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽化。

 　　2、充(chong)電頻次(ci)的選擇

　　蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)深度(du)對(dui)循環(huan)壽命影響(xiang)很大(da)(da)，基本呈指數變化。這是(shi)由于正極活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物為Pb02，其(qi)結(jie)合(he)牢(lao)度(du)不高(gao)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時轉化成PbS04充電(dian)(dian)時又轉化成P，而P的體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)遠比P體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)(其(qi)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)之比約(yue)為2:1)。因此，對(dui)正極板而言(yan)，活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物將會膨脹(zhang)收(shou)縮反復(fu)進行，使(shi)其(qi)粒(li)子(zi)之間(jian)的連接(jie)逐漸(jian)脫落，使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物失(shi)去放(fang)電(dian)(dian)特性(xing)成為“陽(yang)極泥”，使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池性(xing)能(neng)下降，直至壽命終止。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)深度(du)越(yue)深，膨脹(zhang)收(shou)縮量越(yue)大(da)(da)，對(dui)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物結(jie)合(he)力破壞越(yue)大(da)(da)，壽命越(yue)短；反之則循環(huan)壽命越(yue)長。

　　從理論上(shang)講蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)時(shi)應(ying)盡(jin)量(liang)避免深放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，應(ying)做到淺放勤(qin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，前提是有特別(bie)匹配(pei)的(de)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器與之匹配(pei)。但是實際使用(yong)中，由于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)受(shou)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器性能(neng)和蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)本身(shen)的(de)離散及(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)習慣(guan)及(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度影響，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓均比(bi)較高，或多或少都存在過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。特別(bie)是充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)多數在夜間(jian)進行，時(shi)間(jian)一般在6-10小時(shi)，平均8小時(shi)左右，若是淺放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，其充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)很快就會(hui)到達末期，這(zhe)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率變低，會(hui)產(chan)生過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)比(bi)較長，加(jia)上(shang)頻繁充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，就會(hui)使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命因充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)受(shou)到較大影響。

　　最理想(xiang)的(de)充電(dian)要求根據實際(ji)情(qing)況而定，要參考平時(shi)(shi)運行頻(pin)率、里(li)程(cheng)(cheng)情(qing)況、蓄(xu)電(dian)池廠提供的(de)說明，以及配套的(de)充電(dian)器性能等參數(shu)制定充電(dian)頻(pin)次。按(an)絕大多(duo)數(shu)用戶的(de)情(qing)況，蓄(xu)電(dian)池以放電(dian)深度為50%-70%時(shi)(shi)充一(yi)次電(dian)最佳(jia)，這樣(yang)可(ke)使蓄(xu)電(dian)池壽(shou)命(ming)達到(dao)最佳(jia)效(xiao)果。實際(ji)使用時(shi)(shi)可(ke)折算成騎行里(li)程(cheng)(cheng)，在需要時(shi)(shi)充一(yi)次。

　　3、溫度對充電(dian)的影響

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)高(gao)溫季節運行，主要(yao)存在(zai)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)問題(ti)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度增高(gao)時(shi)，各活(huo)性物質的(de)活(huo)度增加，正(zheng)極析氧電(dian)(dian)(dian)位一(yi)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)，負(fu)極析氧電(dian)(dian)(dian)位也下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(負(fu)值(zhi)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang))，因此，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)反應速度快，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)需要(yao)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較(jiao)低。為防止過高(gao)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，應盡量降(jiang)低蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度，保(bao)證良好(hao)散熱，防止在(zai)烈日暴(bao)曬后即充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并應遠(yuan)離(li)熱源。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)低(di)溫情況下(xia)，各活性物質活度降低(di)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上的(de)P溶解變得(de)困(kun)難，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)消耗P后很(hen)難得(de)到補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，所充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大幅度下(xia)降，正極(ji)板在(zai)-20℃時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流僅(jin)為常溫的(de)70%，而負(fu)極(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受膨脹劑(ji)的(de)影響，低(di)溫充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受能力更低(di)，-20℃的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流僅(jin)為常溫下(xia)的(de)40%。因此，低(di)溫條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)要(yao)存(cun)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受能力差、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足的(de)問題(ti)，要(yao)求提高充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和延(yan)(yan)長充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間。改善低(di)溫性能主(zhu)要(yao)應從負(fu)極(ji)著手。低(di)溫使用時(shi)(shi)應采(cai)取保(bao)溫防凍措施，特別是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)應放在(zai)溫暖的(de)環(huan)境中，有利于(yu)保(bao)證充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，防止不可逆硫酸(suan)的(de)產生，延(yan)(yan)長蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使用壽命。

　　蓄電池的存儲和使(shi)(shi)用期間，可定期進行活化(hua)充(chong)電，即(ji)所謂(wei)的均衡充(chong)電，這對防止蓄電池不可逆硫酸(suan)鹽化(hua)非(fei)常有(you)(you)利，對蓄電池使(shi)(shi)用壽命很有(you)(you)好(hao)處，值得提(ti)倡。

　　三、蓄(xu)電池的(de)使用(yong)注意事(shi)項

　　1、防止過放電

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓后，繼續放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)稱(cheng)為過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)嚴(yan)重損害蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性能及(ji)循環壽命極為不利。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)內阻較大(da)(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液濃度非常稀薄(bo)，特(te)別(bie)是極板孔內及表面幾乎處于中(zhong)性(xing)，過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)內阻有發(fa)熱傾(qing)向，體積(ji)膨脹，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流較大(da)(da)時(shi)(shi)，明顯發(fa)熱(甚至(zhi)出現發(fa)熱變形)，這時(shi)(shi)硫(liu)酸鉛(qian)濃度特(te)別(bie)大(da)(da)，生存(cun)晶枝短路(lu)的可(ke)能(neng)性(xing)增大(da)(da)，況且此時(shi)(shi)硫(liu)酸鉛(qian)會結晶成較大(da)(da)顆粒(li)，即形成不可(ke)逆硫(liu)酸鹽化，將進一步增大(da)(da)內阻，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復能(neng)力很(hen)差，甚至(zhi)無法修復。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用時應防止過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，采(cai)取(qu)“欠壓(ya)(ya)保護(hu)”是很有效的(de)措(cuo)施。另外(wai)(wai)，由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車“欠壓(ya)(ya)保護(hu)”是由(you)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)，但(dan)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)以(yi)外(wai)(wai)的(de)其他(ta)一(yi)些設備如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)表、指示燈等(deng)耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是由(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池直接供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)供(gong)給一(yi)般不受控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車鎖(開(kai)關)一(yi)旦合上就開(kai)始用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。雖(sui)然(ran)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小(xiao)，但(dan)若長(chang)時間(jian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(1-2周)就會出(chu)現過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。因此，不得長(chang)時間(jian)開(kai)鎖，不用時應立(li)即關掉。

　　2、防止過充電

　　前面已經對過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進行了闡述，過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)加大蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)水損失，會(hui)加速板柵(zha)腐蝕，活性物質軟化(hua)，會(hui)增加蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)變(bian)形的(de)(de)幾率(lv)。應盡(jin)量避免過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)發生；選擇充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器參數要與蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)良(liang)好匹(pi)配，要充(chong)(chong)(chong)分了解蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)高(gao)溫季節的(de)(de)運行狀況，以及整個(ge)使用(yong)壽命期(qi)間的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)情況。使用(yong)時不要將蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)置(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)過(guo)熱環(huan)(huan)境(jing)中，特別是充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時應遠離熱源。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)受熱后要采(cai)取降(jiang)溫措(cuo)施，待蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)(du)恢復正(zheng)常時方可進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)安裝位置(zhi)(zhi)應盡(jin)可能(neng)保證良(liang)好散(san)熱，發現過(guo)熱時應停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，應對充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器和蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行檢查。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)(du)較淺時或(huo)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)溫度(du)(du)偏高(gao)時應縮短充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間。

　　3、防止短路

　　蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在短路(lu)狀態時，其短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可(ke)達數(shu)百安培。短路(lu)接(jie)觸越牢，短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流越大，因此所有(you)連(lian)接(jie)部分都會產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)大量(liang)熱量(liang)，在薄弱環節(jie)發熱量(liang)更大，會將連(lian)接(jie)處熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)短路(lu)現象。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)局(ju)部可(ke)能(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)爆氣體(或(huo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時集存的可(ke)爆氣體)，在連(lian)接(jie)處熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)時產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)火花，會引起(qi)(qi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)爆炸；若蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)短路(lu)時間較(jiao)短或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不是(shi)特別(bie)大時，可(ke)能(neng)不會引起(qi)(qi)連(lian)接(jie)處熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)現象，但短路(lu)仍(reng)會有(you)過熱現象，會損(sun)壞連(lian)接(jie)條周圍的粘結劑，使其留下(xia)漏液等隱(yin)患。因此，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)絕對(dui)不能(neng)有(you)短路(lu)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)，在安裝或(huo)使用(yong)時應(ying)(ying)(ying)特別(bie)小心，所用(yong)工具應(ying)(ying)(ying)采取(qu)絕緣措施，連(lian)線(xian)時應(ying)(ying)(ying)先將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)以外的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器連(lian)好，經檢查無短路(lu)，最后連(lian)上(shang)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，布線(xian)規(gui)范應(ying)(ying)(ying)良好絕緣，防止重疊(die)受壓產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)破裂。

　　4、防止連接松動(dong)和(he)不牢

　　若(ruo)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)(bu)牢，程度較(jiao)輕，會(hui)發生導電(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)良，使其(qi)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)發熱，線(xian)路(lu)(lu)損耗(hao)較(jiao)大(da)，輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏(pian)低，影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)機功率，使行駛里(li)程減少(shao)或(huo)不(bu)(bu)能正常騎行；若(ruo)在(zai)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)端子部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)(bu)牢(絕大(da)多數(shu)故障是在(zai)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)端與(yu)連線(xian)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei))，端子會(hui)大(da)量(liang)(liang)發熱，影響(xiang)端子與(yu)密封(feng)膠(jiao)的(de)結合，時(shi)間一長(chang)就(jiu)會(hui)發生漏液“爬酸”現(xian)象(xiang)。若(ruo)在(zai)行駛過(guo)程或(huo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中出(chu)現(xian)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)(bu)牢，可(ke)能產(chan)生斷路(lu)(lu)，斷路(lu)(lu)時(shi)會(hui)產(chan)生強烈的(de)火(huo)花(hua)，可(ke)能點爆(bao)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)可(ke)爆(bao)氣體（特別是剛充(chong)好電(dian)(dian)的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，因電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)可(ke)爆(bao)氣體較(jiao)多，且(qie)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)足，斷路(lu)(lu)時(shi)火(huo)花(hua)較(jiao)強烈，爆(bao)炸的(de)可(ke)能性相當(dang)大(da)。）

　　電(dian)動(dong)車在運(yun)行(xing)時要承受(shou)較為(wei)強(qiang)烈(lie)的(de)振動(dong)，因此，應(ying)(ying)(ying)對所有連(lian)接(jie)的(de)可(ke)(ke)靠性進行(xing)考核(he)，接(jie)插(cha)(cha)件(jian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)帶“自鎖”功能，防止振動(dong)和拉動(dong)時脫落，對與(yu)蓄電(dian)池接(jie)線(xian)片的(de)連(lian)線(xian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)采取(qu)接(jie)插(cha)(cha)件(jian)，并(bing)用焊(han)錫將其焊(han)牢，接(jie)插(cha)(cha)件(jian)與(yu)連(lian)線(xian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用壓接(jie)方(fang)式（也可(ke)(ke)壓接(jie)后(hou)再用焊(han)錫焊(han)一遍增加可(ke)(ke)靠性）。