一、蓄電池的安裝

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池一般采用(yong)串聯方式使用(yong)，即一只蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)正(zheng)極與(yu)另一只蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)負極相(xiang)連，將所有蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池連在一起，最(zui)后余下正(zheng)負接(jie)線端子與(yu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)對應接(jie)線相(xiang)連，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)的(de)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)、控制器、儀(yi)表等是蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)負載(zai)。

　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)一(yi)般都有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)盒，從安裝(zhuang)位(wei)置(zhi)分有(you)斜杠式，后插式和底盤式安裝(zhuang)，其結構形(xing)狀可謂五(wu)花八門。每家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)廠都各有(you)特色(se)。如圖(tu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)盒一(yi)般用工程塑料制成，其強(qiang)度較(jiao)好，重量較(jiao)輕，安裝(zhuang)方便(bian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)盒一(yi)般由底槽、上(shang)蓋、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)接觸(chu)點及(ji)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)插座、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)鎖等組成。底槽與上(shang)蓋扣緊(jin)，并(bing)用自攻(gong)螺(luo)絲或螺(luo)栓緊(jin)固(gu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)盒是(shi)按蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)型號規格進行設計的，在整車(che)設計時應(ying)考慮其良好的散熱性能。

    二、蓄(xu)電(dian)池的充電(dian)

　　“蓄(xu)電池不是(shi)(shi)用壞(huai)(huai)的(de)而(er)是(shi)(shi)充壞(huai)(huai)的(de)”，這一說(shuo)法絕非危言聳聽，蓄(xu)電池充電性(xing)能好(hao)壞(huai)(huai)對蓄(xu)電池的(de)使用壽(shou)命和使用性(xing)能起著舉足輕重的(de)作(zuo)用，必須(xu)重視。

 　　1、蓄電池對充電工藝的要求

　　認識蓄電池對充電工藝的基本要求，是分析各種電池充電器技術的基礎。蓄電池對蓄電池充電器充(chong)電(dian)的基本(ben)要求是：充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流應小于或等(deng)于蓄電(dian)池可(ke)接(jie)收(shou)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流。否則，過(guo)剩(sheng)的電(dian)流會(hui)使(shi)電(dian)解(jie)水液過(guo)快(kuai)地消(xiao)耗掉，產生以下危害：加大蓄電(dian)池的失水率(lv)，增加維護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)量，對(dui)于免維護(hu)電(dian)池，會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)蓄電(dian)池的早(zao)期失效；產生酸霧，造(zao)成(cheng)環境污染(ran)，危害工(gong)人身體(ti)健康；使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)效率(lv)降低，造(zao)成(cheng)能源的嚴重浪費。

　　充電過(guo)程(cheng)，是放電電化學(xue)(xue)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)逆反(fan)應(ying)(ying)過(guo)程(cheng)，如果充電電化學(xue)(xue)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)過(guo)程(cheng)在(zai)理想的(de)(de)狀態(tai)下進(jin)行，這個過(guo)程(cheng)應(ying)(ying)該是互為逆反(fan)應(ying)(ying)，即充入(ru)的(de)(de)電量與(yu)放出的(de)(de)電量應(ying)(ying)基本相等。但在(zai)嚴重(zhong)析(xi)氣的(de)(de)狀態(tai)下，有效充電電化學(xue)(xue)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)過(guo)程(cheng)消(xiao)耗(hao)的(de)(de)電能(neng)達不到(dao)總電量的(de)(de)40%，即浪費電能(neng)60%以上。

　　氣體的(de)產生聚集在(zai)蓄電(dian)池多孔(kong)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)內部(bu)，減少了(le)電(dian)解質與(yu)多孔(kong)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)接(jie)觸面積，即充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)化學反應(ying)界面大幅度減小，使充(chong)電(dian)化學反應(ying)速度降低(di)，充(chong)電(dian)十分困難，充(chong)電(dian)時間延長。

　　嚴重的析氣會(hui)損害(hai)蓄電池(chi)：

      ①大量氣體的產生對極板活性物有沖刷作用，使活性物質容易松軟和脫落。

      ②在較高的極化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下，正極板(ban)(ban)的板(ban)(ban)柵(zha)會(hui)產生(sheng)嚴重腐(fu)蝕，生(sheng)成Pb02，這種(zhong)腐(fu)蝕物與電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學生(sheng)存(cun)的Pb02是完全不同的，是一種(zhong)不可逆的氧化(hua)物，導電(dian)(dian)(dian)較差，并使板(ban)(ban)柵(zha)變形，脆裂，失去骨架和導電(dian)(dian)(dian)作用(yong)。因此在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時應盡可能防止過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

 　　長期充電(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)足，未(wei)反應(ying)的活性(xing)物(wu)質會產生不(bu)(bu)可(ke)逆的高陽性(xing)的大(da)(da)顆粒PbS04晶粒(即不(bu)(bu)可(ke)逆硫酸鹽化(hua))使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量下降(jiang)，內阻加(jia)大(da)(da)，充電(dian)(dian)難度加(jia)大(da)(da)，造成蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)早期損壞(huai)。因此(ci)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)要盡量保證充足電(dian)(dian)，防止不(bu)(bu)可(ke)逆硫酸鹽化(hua)。

 　　2、充電頻次(ci)的(de)選擇

　　蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)深度對循(xun)環壽命(ming)(ming)影響很大，基本呈指數(shu)變化。這是由(you)于正極活性(xing)物為(wei)Pb02，其(qi)(qi)結合(he)牢(lao)度不(bu)高(gao)，放電(dian)時轉化成(cheng)(cheng)PbS04充電(dian)時又轉化成(cheng)(cheng)P，而(er)P的(de)體積遠(yuan)比P體積大(其(qi)(qi)體積之(zhi)比約為(wei)2:1)。因此，對正極板而(er)言(yan)，活性(xing)物將會膨(peng)脹收縮反復進(jin)行(xing)，使其(qi)(qi)粒(li)子之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)連接逐漸(jian)脫(tuo)落，使蓄電(dian)池活性(xing)物失去放電(dian)特性(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)“陽極泥”，使蓄電(dian)池性(xing)能下降，直至壽命(ming)(ming)終止。放電(dian)深度越深，膨(peng)脹收縮量越大，對活性(xing)物結合(he)力破壞越大，壽命(ming)(ming)越短；反之(zhi)則循(xun)環壽命(ming)(ming)越長(chang)。

　　從理論上(shang)(shang)講蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用時(shi)應(ying)盡量避免深放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，應(ying)做(zuo)到淺放(fang)勤充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，前(qian)提是(shi)有(you)特別(bie)(bie)匹配(pei)的鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)與之匹配(pei)。但是(shi)實際使(shi)用中，由于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)受充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)性能和(he)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)本(ben)身的離散及充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)習慣及充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速度影(ying)響，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓均(jun)比較(jiao)高，或多或少都(dou)存在過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。特別(bie)(bie)是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)多數在夜間進行，時(shi)間一般在6-10小(xiao)時(shi)，平均(jun)8小(xiao)時(shi)左右，若是(shi)淺放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，其充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)很快就會到達末期(qi)，這(zhe)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率變低，會產生過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間比較(jiao)長，加上(shang)(shang)頻(pin)繁充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，就會使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命因充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)受到較(jiao)大影(ying)響。

　　最(zui)理想的充電(dian)(dian)要(yao)求根(gen)據實際(ji)情(qing)況(kuang)而定，要(yao)參考平時(shi)(shi)運行(xing)頻率、里程(cheng)情(qing)況(kuang)、蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)廠提供(gong)的說明，以及配套(tao)的充電(dian)(dian)器性能等參數(shu)制定充電(dian)(dian)頻次(ci)(ci)。按絕大多數(shu)用戶的情(qing)況(kuang)，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)以放(fang)電(dian)(dian)深度為50%-70%時(shi)(shi)充一次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)最(zui)佳(jia)，這樣可使蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命達到(dao)最(zui)佳(jia)效果。實際(ji)使用時(shi)(shi)可折算成騎行(xing)里程(cheng)，在需要(yao)時(shi)(shi)充一次(ci)(ci)。

　　3、溫度對(dui)充電的影響(xiang)

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)高溫(wen)季(ji)節運行，主要存在(zai)過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的問題。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度增高時(shi)(shi)，各活性物質的活度增加，正極(ji)析氧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位一下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)，負(fu)極(ji)析氧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位也下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(負(fu)值(zhi)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang))，因此，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應速度快(kuai)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)需(xu)要的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較低(di)。為防止過高的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，應盡量降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度，保證良(liang)好散熱(re)，防止在(zai)烈日(ri)暴曬后即充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并應遠(yuan)離熱(re)源。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在低(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)情況下，各活(huo)性物質(zhi)活(huo)度(du)(du)降低(di)(di)(di)(di)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極上的(de)(de)(de)P溶解變得困(kun)難(nan)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)消耗P后很難(nan)得到補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，所充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)幅度(du)(du)下降，正極板在-20℃時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)僅為常溫(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)70%，而(er)負(fu)極充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受膨(peng)脹(zhang)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，低(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)受能力更低(di)(di)(di)(di)，-20℃的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)僅為常溫(wen)(wen)下的(de)(de)(de)40%。因此，低(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)條(tiao)件下充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主要存在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)受能力差、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，要求提高充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和延(yan)長(chang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間。改善低(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)性能主要應從負(fu)極著手。低(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)(shi)應采取保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)防凍措施(shi)，特別是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)應放在溫(wen)(wen)暖的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中，有利于(yu)保(bao)證充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，防止不(bu)可逆(ni)硫(liu)酸的(de)(de)(de)產生，延(yan)長(chang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命。

　　蓄電池(chi)的存儲和使用(yong)期間，可定期進行活化充電，即(ji)所謂的均衡充電，這對(dui)防止蓄電池(chi)不可逆硫酸鹽(yan)化非常有利，對(dui)蓄電池(chi)使用(yong)壽命很有好處，值得提(ti)倡(chang)。

　　三、蓄電池的使用注意(yi)事項(xiang)

　　1、防止過放電

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)到終止電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后，繼續放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)稱(cheng)為(wei)過(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)。過(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)會嚴重損害蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，對蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)氣性能及循環壽(shou)命極為(wei)不(bu)利。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)到(dao)終止電(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)內(nei)阻較(jiao)大(da)，電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液濃度非常稀(xi)薄(bo)，特別(bie)(bie)是(shi)極板(ban)孔內(nei)及表面(mian)幾(ji)乎處(chu)于中性(xing)，過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)內(nei)阻有(you)發熱傾(qing)向，體積(ji)膨脹，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流較(jiao)大(da)時(shi)，明(ming)顯發熱(甚至出(chu)現發熱變(bian)形)，這(zhe)時(shi)硫(liu)酸鉛(qian)濃度特別(bie)(bie)大(da)，生存晶枝短路的(de)可(ke)能性(xing)增大(da)，況(kuang)且此時(shi)硫(liu)酸鉛(qian)會結晶成較(jiao)大(da)顆粒(li)，即形成不可(ke)逆硫(liu)酸鹽化，將(jiang)進一步增大(da)內(nei)阻，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)恢復能力很差(cha)，甚至無法修復。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用時(shi)應(ying)防(fang)止過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，采(cai)取(qu)“欠壓保護”是很有效的措施(shi)。另外，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車“欠壓保護”是由控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的，但控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器以外的其他一(yi)(yi)些設(she)備如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表、指示(shi)燈(deng)等耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器是由蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池直接供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的供給一(yi)(yi)般不(bu)(bu)受(shou)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車鎖(開(kai)(kai)關(guan))一(yi)(yi)旦合(he)上就(jiu)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)。雖然電(dian)(dian)(dian)流小，但若長時(shi)間放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(1-2周)就(jiu)會出(chu)現過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。因此，不(bu)(bu)得長時(shi)間開(kai)(kai)鎖，不(bu)(bu)用時(shi)應(ying)立即(ji)關(guan)掉。

　　2、防止過充電

　　前面(mian)已經對(dui)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了闡述，過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)(hui)(hui)加(jia)大(da)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)損(sun)失，會(hui)(hui)(hui)加(jia)速板柵腐蝕(shi)，活性物(wu)質軟化，會(hui)(hui)(hui)增加(jia)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)變形的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾率。應(ying)盡量避(bi)免過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生；選擇(ze)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器參數要與蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)良好匹配，要充(chong)分了解蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)季節的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)狀(zhuang)況，以及(ji)整(zheng)個(ge)使用壽(shou)命期間的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化情況。使用時不要將蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)置(zhi)于過(guo)熱環(huan)境中，特(te)別(bie)是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時應(ying)遠(yuan)離熱源。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)受(shou)熱后要采取降溫(wen)(wen)措施，待蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)恢復正常時方可(ke)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝位(wei)置(zhi)應(ying)盡可(ke)能保證良好散熱，發(fa)現(xian)過(guo)熱時應(ying)停止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，應(ying)對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器和蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)檢查(cha)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)較淺(qian)時或(huo)環(huan)境溫(wen)(wen)度(du)偏高(gao)時應(ying)縮(suo)短(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間。

　　3、防止短路

　　蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)短路(lu)狀態時(shi)，其短路(lu)電流可達數百安(an)培。短路(lu)接觸越(yue)牢，短路(lu)電流越(yue)大，因此所有連(lian)(lian)(lian)接部分都會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)產生(sheng)大量熱量，在(zai)(zai)(zai)薄(bo)弱環節(jie)發熱量更(geng)大，會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)將連(lian)(lian)(lian)接處(chu)熔(rong)斷(duan)，產生(sheng)短路(lu)現(xian)象。蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)局部可能產生(sheng)可爆氣體(ti)(或(huo)充電時(shi)集存的可爆氣體(ti))，在(zai)(zai)(zai)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接處(chu)熔(rong)斷(duan)時(shi)產生(sheng)火花(hua)，會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)引(yin)起蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)爆炸(zha)；若(ruo)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)短路(lu)時(shi)間(jian)較短或(huo)電流不(bu)是(shi)特別(bie)大時(shi)，可能不(bu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)引(yin)起連(lian)(lian)(lian)接處(chu)熔(rong)斷(duan)現(xian)象，但(dan)短路(lu)仍會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)有過熱現(xian)象，會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)損(sun)壞連(lian)(lian)(lian)接條(tiao)周圍的粘結劑，使其留下漏液等隱患。因此，蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)絕(jue)對(dui)不(bu)能有短路(lu)產生(sheng)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)裝(zhuang)或(huo)使用時(shi)應(ying)特別(bie)小心，所用工具應(ying)采取絕(jue)緣(yuan)措施，連(lian)(lian)(lian)線時(shi)應(ying)先(xian)將電池(chi)以外的電器連(lian)(lian)(lian)好(hao)，經檢(jian)查(cha)無(wu)短路(lu)，最(zui)后連(lian)(lian)(lian)上蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)，布線規范應(ying)良好(hao)絕(jue)緣(yuan)，防(fang)止重疊受壓產生(sheng)破裂。

　　4、防(fang)止(zhi)連(lian)接松(song)動和不牢

　　若(ruo)接觸(chu)不(bu)牢(lao)，程度較(jiao)輕，會(hui)發(fa)生導電不(bu)良，使其線(xian)(xian)(xian)路接觸(chu)部位(wei)發(fa)熱(re)，線(xian)(xian)(xian)路損耗較(jiao)大(da)(da)，輸出(chu)電壓偏低，影響(xiang)電機功率，使行駛(shi)里(li)程減少或不(bu)能(neng)正常(chang)騎行；若(ruo)在接線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)子部件接觸(chu)不(bu)牢(lao)(絕大(da)(da)多數故障是(shi)(shi)在接線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)與連線(xian)(xian)(xian)接頭部位(wei))，端(duan)子會(hui)大(da)(da)量發(fa)熱(re)，影響(xiang)端(duan)子與密封膠的結合，時(shi)間一長就(jiu)會(hui)發(fa)生漏(lou)液(ye)“爬酸”現象。若(ruo)在行駛(shi)過程或充電過程中(zhong)出(chu)現接觸(chu)不(bu)牢(lao)，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)產生斷路，斷路時(shi)會(hui)產生強烈(lie)的火花(hua)，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)點爆(bao)蓄(xu)電池(chi)內部的可(ke)(ke)爆(bao)氣體(ti)（特別是(shi)(shi)剛充好電的蓄(xu)電池(chi)，因電池(chi)內可(ke)(ke)爆(bao)氣體(ti)較(jiao)多，且蓄(xu)電池(chi)電量足，斷路時(shi)火花(hua)較(jiao)強烈(lie)，爆(bao)炸的可(ke)(ke)能(neng)性相當大(da)(da)。）

　　電動(dong)(dong)車在運行時(shi)要(yao)承受(shou)較為(wei)強烈的(de)(de)振動(dong)(dong)，因此，應對所(suo)有連接(jie)的(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)進行考核，接(jie)插件應帶“自鎖”功能，防止振動(dong)(dong)和拉(la)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)脫落，對與(yu)蓄電池接(jie)線(xian)片的(de)(de)連線(xian)應采取接(jie)插件，并用焊(han)錫(xi)(xi)將其焊(han)牢，接(jie)插件與(yu)連線(xian)應用壓(ya)接(jie)方式(shi)（也可(ke)壓(ya)接(jie)后再用焊(han)錫(xi)(xi)焊(han)一遍增加可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)）。