一、蓄電池的安裝

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)一般采用串聯方式使用，即一只蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)正極與另一只蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)極相連，將所有蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)連在一起，最后余下(xia)正負(fu)(fu)接(jie)線(xian)端子與電(dian)(dian)動車對應接(jie)線(xian)相連，電(dian)(dian)動車的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)機、控制(zhi)器、儀表等是蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)用電(dian)(dian)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)。

　　電(dian)動(dong)車(che)一(yi)般都(dou)有電(dian)池(chi)(chi)盒(he)(he)，從(cong)安(an)裝位置(zhi)分有斜杠式，后插式和底(di)盤(pan)式安(an)裝，其(qi)(qi)結構形狀可謂五(wu)花八門。每家電(dian)動(dong)車(che)廠都(dou)各有特色。如圖電(dian)池(chi)(chi)盒(he)(he)一(yi)般用工程塑料(liao)制成(cheng)，其(qi)(qi)強(qiang)度較(jiao)好，重量(liang)較(jiao)輕，安(an)裝方便(bian)。電(dian)池(chi)(chi)盒(he)(he)一(yi)般由底(di)槽、上(shang)蓋、蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)接觸點及(ji)充電(dian)插座、電(dian)車(che)鎖等組成(cheng)。底(di)槽與上(shang)蓋扣緊，并用自攻螺(luo)絲或螺(luo)栓(shuan)緊固。電(dian)池(chi)(chi)盒(he)(he)是按蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)型號規格進行設計的，在整車(che)設計時應(ying)考慮其(qi)(qi)良好的散熱性能。

    二(er)、蓄電(dian)池的充電(dian)

　　“蓄電池(chi)不(bu)是用壞的而是充壞的”，這一說法絕非危(wei)言聳聽，蓄電池(chi)充電性(xing)能好壞對蓄電池(chi)的使(shi)(shi)用壽命和使(shi)(shi)用性(xing)能起(qi)著(zhu)舉足輕(qing)重(zhong)的作用，必須重(zhong)視。

 　　1、蓄電池對充電工(gong)藝的要(yao)求

　　認識蓄電池對充電工藝的基本要求，是分析各種電池充電器技術的基礎。蓄電池對蓄電池充電器充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)基本要求是：充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流應(ying)小于(yu)或等于(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)可(ke)接收充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流。否則，過(guo)剩的(de)(de)電(dian)流會使電(dian)解水(shui)液過(guo)快地消耗掉，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)以下危害：加大蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)失(shi)(shi)水(shui)率，增加維護(hu)工作量(liang)，對于(yu)免維護(hu)電(dian)池(chi)，會造(zao)成(cheng)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)早期失(shi)(shi)效；產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)酸霧，造(zao)成(cheng)環(huan)境污染，危害工人身(shen)體(ti)健康；使充(chong)電(dian)效率降低(di)，造(zao)成(cheng)能源(yuan)的(de)(de)嚴重(zhong)浪費。

　　充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，是放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)化學反應的逆(ni)反應過(guo)程，如果充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)化學反應過(guo)程在理想的狀(zhuang)態下進行，這個過(guo)程應該是互為逆(ni)反應，即(ji)充(chong)(chong)入的電(dian)(dian)量與放(fang)出的電(dian)(dian)量應基本相等。但在嚴重(zhong)析(xi)氣的狀(zhuang)態下，有(you)效(xiao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)化學反應過(guo)程消耗的電(dian)(dian)能達不(bu)到總電(dian)(dian)量的40%，即(ji)浪費電(dian)(dian)能60%以上。

　　氣體的產生聚集在蓄電(dian)池多孔(kong)電(dian)極內(nei)部，減少了電(dian)解質與多孔(kong)電(dian)極的接觸面積，即充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)化學反(fan)應(ying)界面大幅度(du)減小，使充(chong)電(dian)化學反(fan)應(ying)速(su)度(du)降低，充(chong)電(dian)十分困難，充(chong)電(dian)時間延長。

　　嚴重的析氣會(hui)損害蓄電池(chi)：

      ①大量氣體的產生對極(ji)板活性物有沖刷作(zuo)用，使活性物質容易(yi)松軟和脫落。

      ②在較高的(de)(de)(de)極化(hua)電(dian)壓下，正極板的(de)(de)(de)板柵會(hui)產生(sheng)嚴重(zhong)腐蝕(shi)，生(sheng)成Pb02，這種腐蝕(shi)物與電(dian)化(hua)學生(sheng)存的(de)(de)(de)Pb02是完全不同的(de)(de)(de)，是一種不可(ke)逆的(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)物，導電(dian)較差，并使板柵變形，脆裂，失去骨架(jia)和(he)導電(dian)作(zuo)用。因此在充電(dian)時(shi)應盡可(ke)能防止過(guo)充電(dian)。

 　　長期充電不足(zu)，未反(fan)應(ying)的(de)活性物質(zhi)會產生(sheng)不可(ke)(ke)逆的(de)高陽性的(de)大(da)(da)顆粒PbS04晶粒(即不可(ke)(ke)逆硫酸(suan)鹽(yan)化)使蓄電池容量下降，內阻加(jia)大(da)(da)，充電難(nan)度加(jia)大(da)(da)，造成蓄電池早(zao)期損壞。因(yin)此，蓄電池要盡(jin)量保證充足(zu)電，防(fang)止(zhi)不可(ke)(ke)逆硫酸(suan)鹽(yan)化。

 　　2、充電頻(pin)次的選擇

　　蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度對(dui)(dui)(dui)循環壽命影響很大(da)，基本呈(cheng)指數變化(hua)。這(zhe)是由(you)于正極(ji)(ji)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)物為(wei)Pb02，其結(jie)合牢(lao)度不高(gao)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時轉化(hua)成(cheng)PbS04充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時又(you)轉化(hua)成(cheng)P，而(er)P的體積遠比P體積大(da)(其體積之比約(yue)為(wei)2:1)。因此(ci)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)正極(ji)(ji)板而(er)言，活(huo)性(xing)(xing)物將會膨脹收縮反復進行(xing)，使(shi)其粒(li)子之間的連接逐漸脫落(luo)，使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池活(huo)性(xing)(xing)物失去放電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)為(wei)“陽極(ji)(ji)泥”，使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池性(xing)(xing)能(neng)下降，直至壽命終止。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)深(shen)，膨脹收縮量越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)物結(jie)合力破壞越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)，壽命越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)短；反之則循環壽命越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)長。

　　從理論上講蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)時(shi)應(ying)(ying)盡量(liang)避免深(shen)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，應(ying)(ying)做到(dao)淺放勤(qin)充(chong)(chong)，前(qian)提是有特(te)別(bie)匹配的(de)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器與之(zhi)匹配。但是實際使用(yong)中，由于(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受(shou)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器性(xing)能和蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)本(ben)身(shen)的(de)離散及充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)習慣及充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度影(ying)響，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓均(jun)比(bi)較高(gao)，或(huo)多(duo)或(huo)少都存在過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。特(te)別(bie)是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多(duo)數在夜間(jian)進行，時(shi)間(jian)一般在6-10小時(shi)，平均(jun)8小時(shi)左(zuo)右，若是淺放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很快(kuai)就會(hui)到(dao)達末期(qi)，這(zhe)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率變低(di)，會(hui)產生過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)比(bi)較長，加(jia)上頻繁充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就會(hui)使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)因充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受(shou)到(dao)較大影(ying)響。

　　最理想(xiang)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)要求根據實際情(qing)況(kuang)而(er)定(ding)，要參考平(ping)時(shi)運行(xing)頻率、里(li)程情(qing)況(kuang)、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)廠提(ti)供(gong)的(de)說(shuo)明，以及配套的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器性能等(deng)參數制定(ding)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)頻次。按絕大多數用(yong)戶的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以放電(dian)(dian)(dian)深度為50%-70%時(shi)充(chong)(chong)一次電(dian)(dian)(dian)最佳(jia)(jia)，這樣可(ke)(ke)使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命達(da)到(dao)最佳(jia)(jia)效果。實際使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)折算成騎行(xing)里(li)程，在(zai)需(xu)要時(shi)充(chong)(chong)一次。

　　3、溫度(du)對充電的影響

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在高(gao)溫季節運行，主要(yao)存在過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)問題。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度(du)(du)增高(gao)時，各活性物質的(de)(de)活度(du)(du)增加，正極(ji)析氧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位一下降，負極(ji)析氧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位也(ye)下降(負值下降)，因此(ci)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應(ying)速度(du)(du)快，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時需要(yao)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)較低。為防止(zhi)過高(gao)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，應(ying)盡量降低蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度(du)(du)，保證良好散(san)熱，防止(zhi)在烈日(ri)暴曬后即充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并(bing)應(ying)遠離(li)熱源。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在低(di)溫(wen)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，各活(huo)性(xing)(xing)物(wu)質活(huo)度(du)降(jiang)低(di)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)上的(de)(de)P溶解變得困難，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時消耗P后很(hen)難得到補充(chong)，所充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大幅度(du)下(xia)降(jiang)，正極(ji)(ji)板(ban)在-20℃時充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流僅為常溫(wen)的(de)(de)70%，而負極(ji)(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受膨脹劑的(de)(de)影響，低(di)溫(wen)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接受能力更低(di)，-20℃的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流僅為常溫(wen)下(xia)的(de)(de)40%。因此，低(di)溫(wen)條件下(xia)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主要(yao)存(cun)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接受能力差、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足的(de)(de)問(wen)題，要(yao)求(qiu)提高充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和延長(chang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)。改善低(di)溫(wen)性(xing)(xing)能主要(yao)應(ying)從負極(ji)(ji)著手。低(di)溫(wen)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)時應(ying)采取(qu)保溫(wen)防凍(dong)措施，特別是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時應(ying)放在溫(wen)暖(nuan)的(de)(de)環境中，有(you)利(li)于保證充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，防止不可逆硫酸(suan)的(de)(de)產生(sheng)，延長(chang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的存儲(chu)和使(shi)用期間，可(ke)定期進行(xing)活化(hua)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，即所謂的均衡充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這對防止蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池不(bu)可(ke)逆硫酸鹽化(hua)非常有利，對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用壽命很有好處，值得提倡。

　　三、蓄(xu)電池的使用注意事項

　　1、防止過放電

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)到(dao)終止電(dian)(dian)壓后，繼續放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)稱為過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)。過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)會嚴重(zhong)損(sun)害蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池，對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)氣性能及循環壽命(ming)極為不利。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時內阻較大(da)(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液濃度非常稀(xi)薄，特別(bie)是極板孔內及表面幾乎處于(yu)中性(xing)，過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時內阻有發熱傾向，體(ti)積膨脹，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)較大(da)(da)時，明顯發熱(甚至(zhi)出現發熱變形)，這時硫酸鉛(qian)(qian)濃度特別(bie)大(da)(da)，生(sheng)存晶枝短路的可能(neng)性(xing)增(zeng)大(da)(da)，況且此時硫酸鉛(qian)(qian)會結(jie)晶成(cheng)較大(da)(da)顆粒(li)，即形成(cheng)不可逆硫酸鹽化(hua)，將進一(yi)步增(zeng)大(da)(da)內阻，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復(fu)(fu)能(neng)力很差，甚至(zhi)無法修復(fu)(fu)。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)時應(ying)防止過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，采取“欠(qian)壓(ya)保(bao)護(hu)”是(shi)(shi)很有(you)效的措施(shi)。另外(wai)，由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車“欠(qian)壓(ya)保(bao)護(hu)”是(shi)(shi)由(you)控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)控制(zhi)的，但控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)以外(wai)的其(qi)他(ta)一些(xie)設(she)備如電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表、指(zhi)示燈(deng)等耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)由(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池直接供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的供給一般不(bu)受控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)控制(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車鎖(suo)(開關(guan))一旦合上就開始(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。雖(sui)然電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小，但若長時間(jian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(1-2周)就會出現過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。因(yin)此(ci)，不(bu)得長時間(jian)開鎖(suo)，不(bu)用(yong)時應(ying)立(li)即關(guan)掉。

　　2、防止過充電

　　前(qian)面已(yi)經對過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進行了(le)闡(chan)述(shu)，過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)(hui)加大(da)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)水損(sun)失，會(hui)(hui)加速板(ban)柵腐蝕，活性物質(zhi)軟(ruan)化，會(hui)(hui)增加蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)變(bian)形的(de)幾率。應(ying)(ying)盡量避免過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)發生(sheng)；選擇充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器參數要與蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)良(liang)好(hao)匹配，要充(chong)(chong)(chong)分了(le)解蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在高(gao)溫季節的(de)運行狀況，以及整個使(shi)用壽命期間的(de)變(bian)化情(qing)況。使(shi)用時(shi)(shi)不要將蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)置于過(guo)熱(re)環境(jing)中，特別是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)遠離熱(re)源。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)受熱(re)后要采取降溫措施，待蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度恢復正(zheng)常時(shi)(shi)方可(ke)進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)安(an)裝位置應(ying)(ying)盡可(ke)能保證良(liang)好(hao)散熱(re)，發現過(guo)熱(re)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，應(ying)(ying)對充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器和蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行檢查。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度較(jiao)淺時(shi)(shi)或環境(jing)溫度偏高(gao)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)縮短充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間。

　　3、防止短路

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)(zai)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)狀態時(shi)，其短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流可(ke)達數百安培。短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)接(jie)觸越(yue)牢(lao)，短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流越(yue)大(da)(da)，因此(ci)所有連接(jie)部分都(dou)會(hui)產生大(da)(da)量熱(re)量，在(zai)(zai)薄弱環節(jie)發熱(re)量更大(da)(da)，會(hui)將連接(jie)處熔斷(duan)，產生短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)現(xian)象。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)局部可(ke)能產生可(ke)爆氣體(或(huo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)集(ji)存(cun)的(de)(de)可(ke)爆氣體)，在(zai)(zai)連接(jie)處熔斷(duan)時(shi)產生火(huo)花，會(hui)引起蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)爆炸；若蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)時(shi)間較(jiao)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不(bu)是特別大(da)(da)時(shi)，可(ke)能不(bu)會(hui)引起連接(jie)處熔斷(duan)現(xian)象，但短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)仍(reng)會(hui)有過(guo)熱(re)現(xian)象，會(hui)損壞連接(jie)條周圍的(de)(de)粘結(jie)劑，使其留下(xia)漏液等(deng)隱(yin)患(huan)。因此(ci)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)絕對不(bu)能有短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)產生，在(zai)(zai)安裝或(huo)使用(yong)時(shi)應(ying)特別小心，所用(yong)工(gong)具應(ying)采取(qu)絕緣措(cuo)施，連線(xian)時(shi)應(ying)先將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以外的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)連好(hao)，經檢(jian)查無短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，最后連上蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，布線(xian)規范應(ying)良好(hao)絕緣，防止(zhi)重疊受(shou)壓產生破裂。

　　4、防止連接(jie)松(song)動和不牢

　　若(ruo)接(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)(bu)牢(lao)，程度較(jiao)輕，會發(fa)生(sheng)導電(dian)不(bu)(bu)良(liang)，使其線(xian)路(lu)接(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)發(fa)熱，線(xian)路(lu)損耗較(jiao)大(da)，輸(shu)出電(dian)壓偏低(di)，影響電(dian)機功率，使行(xing)駛(shi)里程減少或不(bu)(bu)能(neng)正常(chang)騎(qi)行(xing)；若(ruo)在接(jie)線(xian)端(duan)(duan)子部件接(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)(bu)牢(lao)(絕大(da)多(duo)數故障是在接(jie)線(xian)端(duan)(duan)與連線(xian)接(jie)頭部位(wei))，端(duan)(duan)子會大(da)量(liang)發(fa)熱，影響端(duan)(duan)子與密封膠的(de)結合，時(shi)間一長就會發(fa)生(sheng)漏液(ye)“爬酸”現象。若(ruo)在行(xing)駛(shi)過程或充(chong)電(dian)過程中出現接(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)(bu)牢(lao)，可能(neng)產生(sheng)斷路(lu)，斷路(lu)時(shi)會產生(sheng)強(qiang)烈(lie)的(de)火花，可能(neng)點爆(bao)蓄電(dian)池內部的(de)可爆(bao)氣體(ti)（特別(bie)是剛(gang)充(chong)好電(dian)的(de)蓄電(dian)池，因電(dian)池內可爆(bao)氣體(ti)較(jiao)多(duo)，且蓄電(dian)池電(dian)量(liang)足，斷路(lu)時(shi)火花較(jiao)強(qiang)烈(lie)，爆(bao)炸(zha)的(de)可能(neng)性(xing)相當大(da)。）

　　電動車在(zai)運行(xing)時(shi)要承受較為(wei)強烈的(de)振(zhen)動，因此，應(ying)對所有連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)的(de)可(ke)(ke)靠性進(jin)行(xing)考核(he)，接(jie)插(cha)件(jian)(jian)應(ying)帶“自(zi)鎖(suo)”功能，防止振(zhen)動和拉動時(shi)脫落，對與(yu)蓄電池接(jie)線(xian)片的(de)連(lian)(lian)(lian)線(xian)應(ying)采取接(jie)插(cha)件(jian)(jian)，并用焊(han)(han)(han)錫將其焊(han)(han)(han)牢，接(jie)插(cha)件(jian)(jian)與(yu)連(lian)(lian)(lian)線(xian)應(ying)用壓(ya)接(jie)方(fang)式（也可(ke)(ke)壓(ya)接(jie)后再用焊(han)(han)(han)錫焊(han)(han)(han)一遍(bian)增(zeng)加可(ke)(ke)靠性）。