一、蓄電池的安裝

　　蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一般采用串聯方(fang)式(shi)使用，即一只蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的正極(ji)與另一只蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的負(fu)(fu)極(ji)相連，將(jiang)所有蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)連在一起，最后余下正負(fu)(fu)接(jie)線端子與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車對應接(jie)線相連，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機、控制器、儀表等是蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)(fu)載。

　　電(dian)動車一(yi)般(ban)都(dou)有電(dian)池(chi)盒(he)(he)，從(cong)安裝位置(zhi)分有斜(xie)杠式，后插式和底盤(pan)式安裝，其結構形狀可謂(wei)五花八門(men)。每家電(dian)動車廠都(dou)各有特色。如圖電(dian)池(chi)盒(he)(he)一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)工(gong)程塑料(liao)制成，其強度較好(hao)，重量較輕，安裝方便(bian)。電(dian)池(chi)盒(he)(he)一(yi)般(ban)由底槽、上蓋、蓄電(dian)池(chi)接觸點及充(chong)電(dian)插座、電(dian)車鎖等組(zu)成。底槽與(yu)上蓋扣(kou)緊，并用(yong)自攻螺絲或螺栓緊固。電(dian)池(chi)盒(he)(he)是按蓄電(dian)池(chi)型號規格進(jin)行設計(ji)的，在整車設計(ji)時應考慮其良好(hao)的散熱性能。

    二、蓄電(dian)池的充電(dian)

　　“蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池不(bu)是用(yong)(yong)壞(huai)的而是充壞(huai)的”，這一說法絕非危言(yan)聳聽，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能(neng)好(hao)壞(huai)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命和使用(yong)(yong)性(xing)能(neng)起著舉(ju)足輕重的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，必須重視。

 　　1、蓄電池(chi)對充電工(gong)藝的要求

　　認識蓄電池對充電工藝的基本要求，是分析各種電池充電器技術的基礎。蓄電池對蓄電池充電器充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的基本(ben)要求是(shi)：充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流應(ying)小于或等于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池可(ke)接收充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。否(fou)則，過剩的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)解水液過快地(di)消耗掉，產生以下危(wei)害：加大蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的失水率，增(zeng)加維護(hu)工作(zuo)量，對于免維護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，會造(zao)成蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的早期失效；產生酸(suan)霧(wu)，造(zao)成環(huan)境污染，危(wei)害工人(ren)身體健康(kang)；使充電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率降低，造(zao)成能源的嚴重(zhong)浪(lang)費。

　　充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，是(shi)(shi)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)逆反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)過(guo)程，如果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)過(guo)程在(zai)理想(xiang)的(de)狀態(tai)下進行，這個(ge)過(guo)程應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該是(shi)(shi)互(hu)為逆反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，即充(chong)入的(de)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)與放出的(de)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)基(ji)本相等。但在(zai)嚴重析氣的(de)狀態(tai)下，有效充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)過(guo)程消耗的(de)電(dian)(dian)能達不到總電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)40%，即浪費電(dian)(dian)能60%以(yi)上。

　　氣體(ti)的產(chan)生聚集在蓄電(dian)(dian)池多孔電(dian)(dian)極內(nei)部(bu)，減少了電(dian)(dian)解質與多孔電(dian)(dian)極的接觸面(mian)積(ji)，即充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)(xue)反應(ying)界面(mian)大幅度減小，使充電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)(xue)反應(ying)速度降(jiang)低，充電(dian)(dian)十(shi)分困難，充電(dian)(dian)時間延(yan)長(chang)。

　　嚴重的析氣(qi)會損害蓄電池：

      ①大量氣體的產生對極板活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)有(you)沖刷作用，使活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質容易(yi)松軟和(he)脫落(luo)。

      ②在較高的(de)極化電(dian)壓下，正極板的(de)板柵會產(chan)生(sheng)嚴重(zhong)腐蝕，生(sheng)成Pb02，這種(zhong)腐蝕物與電(dian)化學(xue)生(sheng)存(cun)的(de)Pb02是完全不同(tong)的(de)，是一種(zhong)不可逆的(de)氧化物，導電(dian)較差，并(bing)使板柵變形，脆裂(lie)，失去骨架和(he)導電(dian)作用(yong)。因此(ci)在充(chong)電(dian)時應盡可能防止過充(chong)電(dian)。

 　　長期(qi)充(chong)電不(bu)足(zu)，未反應的(de)活性物質會產(chan)生不(bu)可逆的(de)高(gao)陽性的(de)大顆粒PbS04晶(jing)粒(即不(bu)可逆硫酸鹽化)使蓄電池容(rong)量下降，內(nei)阻(zu)加大，充(chong)電難度(du)加大，造成蓄電池早期(qi)損壞(huai)。因此，蓄電池要盡量保證充(chong)足(zu)電，防止不(bu)可逆硫酸鹽化。

 　　2、充電頻次的選擇

　　蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深度對循(xun)環壽(shou)命影響(xiang)很大(da)，基本呈指(zhi)數變化。這是由于正極活性(xing)(xing)物(wu)為Pb02，其(qi)結合(he)牢度不高，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時轉化成(cheng)PbS04充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時又轉化成(cheng)P，而(er)P的體積遠(yuan)比P體積大(da)(其(qi)體積之(zhi)比約為2:1)。因(yin)此，對正極板而(er)言，活性(xing)(xing)物(wu)將會膨脹(zhang)收縮反(fan)復進(jin)行，使其(qi)粒子之(zhi)間的連(lian)接逐(zhu)漸脫落，使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)活性(xing)(xing)物(wu)失去(qu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)為“陽極泥(ni)”，使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性(xing)(xing)能下降，直(zhi)至壽(shou)命終止。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)深度越(yue)(yue)深，膨脹(zhang)收縮量越(yue)(yue)大(da)，對活性(xing)(xing)物(wu)結合(he)力破壞越(yue)(yue)大(da)，壽(shou)命越(yue)(yue)短；反(fan)之(zhi)則循(xun)環壽(shou)命越(yue)(yue)長(chang)。

　　從理論(lun)上(shang)講蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)(shi)用時(shi)(shi)應盡量避(bi)免(mian)深放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，應做(zuo)到淺(qian)放(fang)(fang)勤充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，前提是有特別匹配的(de)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器與之匹配。但是實際使(shi)(shi)用中，由于蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器性能和蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)本身的(de)離散及充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)習慣(guan)及充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度影響，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)均比(bi)較高，或多或少都存(cun)在(zai)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。特別是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多數在(zai)夜間(jian)進行，時(shi)(shi)間(jian)一般(ban)在(zai)6-10小時(shi)(shi)，平(ping)均8小時(shi)(shi)左右(you)，若是淺(qian)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很快(kuai)就會到達末期，這時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)變(bian)低，會產生過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)比(bi)較長(chang)，加上(shang)頻繁(fan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就會使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命因充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受到較大影響。

　　最(zui)理(li)想的(de)充(chong)電(dian)要求(qiu)根據實際情(qing)況(kuang)而定(ding)，要參考平(ping)時(shi)運行(xing)頻率、里(li)程情(qing)況(kuang)、蓄電(dian)池廠提供的(de)說明(ming)，以(yi)及配套(tao)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)器性(xing)能等參數(shu)制(zhi)定(ding)充(chong)電(dian)頻次(ci)(ci)。按(an)絕大(da)多數(shu)用戶的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，蓄電(dian)池以(yi)放電(dian)深度為50%-70%時(shi)充(chong)一次(ci)(ci)電(dian)最(zui)佳(jia)，這樣可使蓄電(dian)池壽(shou)命達到最(zui)佳(jia)效果。實際使用時(shi)可折算成騎行(xing)里(li)程，在需要時(shi)充(chong)一次(ci)(ci)。

　　3、溫度對充電(dian)的影(ying)響

　　蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)高溫(wen)(wen)季節運行(xing)，主要(yao)存在(zai)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)問題。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)增(zeng)高時，各活(huo)性物質的(de)活(huo)度(du)增(zeng)加，正極析(xi)氧(yang)電(dian)位(wei)一下降，負極析(xi)氧(yang)電(dian)位(wei)也下降(負值(zhi)下降)，因此(ci)，充(chong)電(dian)時充(chong)電(dian)反應(ying)速度(du)快，充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)大，充(chong)電(dian)時需(xu)要(yao)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)較低(di)。為防(fang)止(zhi)過(guo)高的(de)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)，應(ying)盡量(liang)降低(di)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)，保證良好散熱(re)，防(fang)止(zhi)在(zai)烈日(ri)暴曬(shai)后(hou)即充(chong)電(dian)，并應(ying)遠離熱(re)源。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)情況下，各活性物質活度(du)(du)降低，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極上的P溶解變得(de)困難，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)消(xiao)耗P后很難得(de)到補充(chong)(chong)，所充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)幅(fu)度(du)(du)下降，正極板在(zai)(zai)-20℃時(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流僅(jin)為常溫(wen)(wen)(wen)的70%，而負極充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受(shou)膨脹劑的影響，低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)受(shou)能力更低，-20℃的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流僅(jin)為常溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下的40%。因此，低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)條件下充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主要(yao)存在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)受(shou)能力差(cha)、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足(zu)的問(wen)題(ti)，要(yao)求提高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和延長(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。改(gai)善低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)性能主要(yao)應從負極著手。低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)使用時(shi)應采取(qu)保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)防凍措施，特(te)別(bie)是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)應放在(zai)(zai)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)暖(nuan)的環(huan)境中，有利于保證充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，防止(zhi)不可逆(ni)硫酸的產(chan)生，延長(chang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用壽(shou)命(ming)。

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的存儲和使用期間，可(ke)定期進行活化(hua)(hua)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，即所謂(wei)的均(jun)衡充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，這對(dui)防止蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池不(bu)可(ke)逆硫酸鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)非常有利，對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池使用壽命(ming)很有好(hao)處，值得(de)提(ti)倡。

　　三、蓄電池的(de)使用(yong)注意事(shi)項

　　1、防止過放電

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)到終止電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后(hou)，繼續放電(dian)(dian)稱為過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)。過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)會嚴重損害蓄電(dian)(dian)池，對蓄電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)氣性能及循環壽命極(ji)為不利。

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)較(jiao)大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液濃度非常(chang)稀薄(bo)，特(te)(te)別(bie)是極板孔內(nei)(nei)及表面幾乎處于(yu)中性，過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)有發熱(re)傾向，體積膨脹，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流較(jiao)大(da)時，明顯(xian)發熱(re)(甚(shen)至出(chu)現發熱(re)變形(xing)(xing))，這時硫(liu)(liu)酸鉛(qian)濃度特(te)(te)別(bie)大(da)，生(sheng)存晶(jing)枝短(duan)路的可能性增大(da)，況且此時硫(liu)(liu)酸鉛(qian)會結晶(jing)成較(jiao)大(da)顆粒，即形(xing)(xing)成不可逆硫(liu)(liu)酸鹽化(hua)，將(jiang)進一步增大(da)內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢(hui)復能力很差，甚(shen)至無法修(xiu)復。

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)時應(ying)防止過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，采取“欠(qian)壓保護”是很有效的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施。另(ling)外(wai)，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)“欠(qian)壓保護”是由控(kong)(kong)(kong)制器(qi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)，但控(kong)(kong)(kong)制器(qi)以外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)其他一些設備如電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表、指(zhi)示燈等(deng)耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是由蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池直接供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)給(gei)一般不(bu)受控(kong)(kong)(kong)制器(qi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)鎖(suo)(開關(guan))一旦合(he)上(shang)就(jiu)開始用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。雖(sui)然電(dian)(dian)(dian)流小，但若長時間(jian)(jian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(1-2周(zhou))就(jiu)會出現過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。因(yin)此(ci)，不(bu)得長時間(jian)(jian)開鎖(suo)，不(bu)用(yong)時應(ying)立即關(guan)掉。

　　2、防止過充電

　　前面已經對過(guo)(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)(jin)行了(le)闡述(shu)，過(guo)(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)(hui)加大蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水損(sun)失，會(hui)(hui)加速板柵腐蝕，活性物質軟化，會(hui)(hui)增加蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)變形的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾率(lv)。應(ying)盡量避免過(guo)(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生；選擇充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器參數要與蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)良好(hao)匹配，要充(chong)分了(le)解蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)季節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行狀況(kuang)，以及整(zheng)個使(shi)用(yong)壽命期間的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化情況(kuang)。使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)不要將(jiang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)置(zhi)(zhi)于過(guo)(guo)熱(re)環境中，特別是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)應(ying)遠離熱(re)源。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)受熱(re)后要采取降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)措施(shi)，待蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度恢復正常時(shi)方(fang)可進(jin)(jin)行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝位置(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)盡可能保(bao)證良好(hao)散熱(re)，發現(xian)過(guo)(guo)熱(re)時(shi)應(ying)停止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，應(ying)對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器和蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)(jin)行檢(jian)查。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度較(jiao)淺(qian)時(shi)或(huo)環境溫(wen)(wen)度偏高(gao)時(shi)應(ying)縮(suo)短充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。

　　3、防止短路

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)短路(lu)狀態(tai)時，其(qi)短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流可達數(shu)百安培。短路(lu)接(jie)觸越(yue)(yue)牢，短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流越(yue)(yue)大，因此(ci)所有連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)部分(fen)都(dou)會(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)大量(liang)熱(re)量(liang)，在(zai)薄弱環節發熱(re)量(liang)更大，會(hui)(hui)將連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)處熔斷，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)短路(lu)現(xian)象(xiang)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)局部可能產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)可爆氣(qi)體(ti)(或(huo)充電(dian)(dian)時集存的可爆氣(qi)體(ti))，在(zai)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)處熔斷時產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)火花(hua)，會(hui)(hui)引(yin)起蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)爆炸；若蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)短路(lu)時間較(jiao)短或(huo)電(dian)(dian)流不是特(te)別(bie)大時，可能不會(hui)(hui)引(yin)起連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)處熔斷現(xian)象(xiang)，但短路(lu)仍(reng)會(hui)(hui)有過熱(re)現(xian)象(xiang)，會(hui)(hui)損壞連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)條(tiao)周圍的粘(zhan)結劑，使其(qi)留下漏液等隱(yin)患。因此(ci)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)絕對不能有短路(lu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)，在(zai)安裝或(huo)使用時應特(te)別(bie)小(xiao)心，所用工具應采取絕緣(yuan)措施，連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)線時應先將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)以外的電(dian)(dian)器(qi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)好，經(jing)檢查無短路(lu)，最后連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)上蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，布線規范(fan)應良好絕緣(yuan)，防止重疊受(shou)壓產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)破裂。

　　4、防止(zhi)連接松動和不牢

　　若(ruo)接(jie)(jie)觸不(bu)牢，程(cheng)(cheng)度較(jiao)輕，會(hui)發生導電(dian)(dian)不(bu)良，使其線路(lu)(lu)接(jie)(jie)觸部(bu)位發熱(re)，線路(lu)(lu)損耗(hao)較(jiao)大(da)，輸出電(dian)(dian)壓偏低，影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)機功率，使行(xing)駛(shi)(shi)里(li)程(cheng)(cheng)減少或(huo)不(bu)能正常騎行(xing)；若(ruo)在接(jie)(jie)線端(duan)子(zi)部(bu)件接(jie)(jie)觸不(bu)牢(絕(jue)大(da)多數故(gu)障是(shi)在接(jie)(jie)線端(duan)與連線接(jie)(jie)頭部(bu)位)，端(duan)子(zi)會(hui)大(da)量(liang)發熱(re)，影(ying)響端(duan)子(zi)與密封膠的結合，時間一長就會(hui)發生漏液“爬酸(suan)”現象。若(ruo)在行(xing)駛(shi)(shi)過程(cheng)(cheng)或(huo)充電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)中出現接(jie)(jie)觸不(bu)牢，可(ke)(ke)(ke)能產(chan)生斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)，斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)時會(hui)產(chan)生強烈的火花(hua)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)能點爆(bao)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)的可(ke)(ke)(ke)爆(bao)氣體（特別是(shi)剛充好電(dian)(dian)的蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，因電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內可(ke)(ke)(ke)爆(bao)氣體較(jiao)多，且蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)足(zu)，斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)時火花(hua)較(jiao)強烈，爆(bao)炸的可(ke)(ke)(ke)能性相當大(da)。）

　　電(dian)動(dong)車在運行(xing)時(shi)要承受較為強烈的(de)振動(dong)，因此，應(ying)對所有(you)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)的(de)可靠(kao)性進行(xing)考核(he)，接(jie)插(cha)件(jian)應(ying)帶“自鎖”功能，防止(zhi)振動(dong)和(he)拉動(dong)時(shi)脫落，對與蓄電(dian)池接(jie)線(xian)片的(de)連(lian)(lian)線(xian)應(ying)采取接(jie)插(cha)件(jian)，并(bing)用焊錫(xi)將其焊牢，接(jie)插(cha)件(jian)與連(lian)(lian)線(xian)應(ying)用壓接(jie)方式（也(ye)可壓接(jie)后再(zai)用焊錫(xi)焊一遍(bian)增加(jia)可靠(kao)性）。