一、蓄電池的安裝

　　蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)一(yi)般采用串聯方式使用，即一(yi)只蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)正極與另一(yi)只蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)負(fu)極相(xiang)連(lian)，將所有蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)連(lian)在一(yi)起(qi)，最后余(yu)下正負(fu)接線端子與電(dian)動車(che)對應接線相(xiang)連(lian)，電(dian)動車(che)的(de)電(dian)機、控制器、儀表等是蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)用電(dian)負(fu)載。

　　電(dian)(dian)動車(che)一(yi)般都有(you)電(dian)(dian)池盒，從安(an)裝位置分有(you)斜杠(gang)式，后插(cha)式和(he)底(di)盤式安(an)裝，其結(jie)構形狀可謂五花八門。每家(jia)電(dian)(dian)動車(che)廠都各有(you)特色。如圖電(dian)(dian)池盒一(yi)般用(yong)工程(cheng)塑(su)料制(zhi)成(cheng)，其強度較(jiao)好(hao)，重量較(jiao)輕，安(an)裝方(fang)便(bian)。電(dian)(dian)池盒一(yi)般由底(di)槽、上(shang)蓋、蓄電(dian)(dian)池接觸點及(ji)充電(dian)(dian)插(cha)座(zuo)、電(dian)(dian)車(che)鎖等(deng)組成(cheng)。底(di)槽與上(shang)蓋扣緊(jin)，并用(yong)自攻螺絲(si)或螺栓緊(jin)固。電(dian)(dian)池盒是按蓄電(dian)(dian)池型號規(gui)格進(jin)行設(she)計的(de)，在整車(che)設(she)計時應考慮其良(liang)好(hao)的(de)散熱(re)性能。

    二、蓄電池的充(chong)電

　　“蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)不是(shi)用(yong)(yong)壞的(de)而是(shi)充壞的(de)”，這一(yi)說法絕非危言聳聽，蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)性(xing)能好壞對蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命和使(shi)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)能起著舉足輕重的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，必須重視。

 　　1、蓄(xu)電池對充電工藝的要求

　　認識蓄電池對充電工藝的基本要求，是分析各種電池充電器技術的基礎。蓄電池對蓄電池充電器充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)基本要(yao)求是(shi)：充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)應小于或等于蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可接收(shou)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。否則，過剩的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)會(hui)使電(dian)(dian)解水(shui)液過快地消耗掉，產生以(yi)下危(wei)(wei)害：加大(da)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)失水(shui)率，增加維護工作量，對(dui)于免維護電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，會(hui)造成蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)早期失效；產生酸霧，造成環(huan)境污染(ran)，危(wei)(wei)害工人(ren)身(shen)體(ti)健康；使充電(dian)(dian)效率降低，造成能源的(de)(de)嚴重浪費(fei)。

　　充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，是放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)反應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)逆反應(ying)(ying)過(guo)程，如果充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)反應(ying)(ying)過(guo)程在理(li)想的(de)(de)狀態下(xia)進(jin)行，這(zhe)個過(guo)程應(ying)(ying)該是互為(wei)逆反應(ying)(ying)，即充(chong)(chong)入的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量與放(fang)出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量應(ying)(ying)基本(ben)相等(deng)。但在嚴重析氣的(de)(de)狀態下(xia)，有效充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)反應(ying)(ying)過(guo)程消(xiao)耗(hao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能達不到總電(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)40%，即浪費電(dian)(dian)(dian)能60%以上。

　　氣(qi)體的產生聚集在蓄電池多(duo)孔(kong)電極內部，減少(shao)了電解質與多(duo)孔(kong)電極的接觸面(mian)積，即充電電化(hua)學(xue)反應界面(mian)大幅度減小，使充電化(hua)學(xue)反應速度降低(di)，充電十分(fen)困(kun)難，充電時間延長。

　　嚴重(zhong)的析氣會損(sun)害蓄電池：

      ①大量氣(qi)體(ti)的產生對極板活性(xing)物有沖刷作用，使活性(xing)物質容易(yi)松(song)軟和脫落。

      ②在較高的(de)極化(hua)電(dian)壓下，正極板的(de)板柵(zha)(zha)會產生嚴重腐蝕，生成Pb02，這種(zhong)腐蝕物(wu)(wu)與電(dian)化(hua)學生存的(de)Pb02是完(wan)全(quan)不(bu)同的(de)，是一種(zhong)不(bu)可逆的(de)氧化(hua)物(wu)(wu)，導(dao)電(dian)較差，并(bing)使(shi)板柵(zha)(zha)變形，脆裂(lie)，失去骨架和(he)導(dao)電(dian)作用(yong)。因此在充電(dian)時應盡可能防止過充電(dian)。

 　　長期充電(dian)不(bu)足(zu)，未反應(ying)的活性物質會產生不(bu)可逆(ni)的高(gao)陽性的大顆粒(li)PbS04晶粒(li)(即不(bu)可逆(ni)硫酸鹽(yan)(yan)化(hua))使蓄(xu)電(dian)池容量下降，內(nei)阻加大，充電(dian)難度加大，造成蓄(xu)電(dian)池早期損壞。因(yin)此，蓄(xu)電(dian)池要盡量保證充足(zu)電(dian)，防止不(bu)可逆(ni)硫酸鹽(yan)(yan)化(hua)。

 　　2、充電頻次(ci)的選擇

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)(shen)度(du)對(dui)循環壽命影(ying)響很大，基本呈指數變化。這是由于(yu)正極(ji)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)為Pb02，其結(jie)合牢度(du)不高(gao)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時轉化成(cheng)PbS04充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時又轉化成(cheng)P，而(er)P的(de)體積遠比P體積大(其體積之比約為2:1)。因(yin)此(ci)，對(dui)正極(ji)板而(er)言(yan)，活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)將會膨(peng)脹收縮(suo)反復進(jin)行，使其粒(li)子(zi)之間的(de)連接(jie)逐漸脫落，使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)失去放電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)成(cheng)為“陽極(ji)泥”，使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性(xing)能下降，直至(zhi)壽命終(zhong)止。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)(shen)度(du)越深(shen)(shen)，膨(peng)脹收縮(suo)量(liang)越大，對(dui)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)結(jie)合力破壞(huai)越大，壽命越短；反之則循環壽命越長。

　　從理論上(shang)講蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用時(shi)(shi)應盡(jin)量避免深放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，應做到淺放(fang)勤充(chong)(chong)，前提是(shi)有特(te)(te)別匹配的(de)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)與(yu)之(zhi)匹配。但是(shi)實際使用中，由于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)性能(neng)和(he)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)本身(shen)的(de)離散(san)及充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)習慣(guan)及充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度影響(xiang)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)均比(bi)較高，或(huo)多或(huo)少都存在過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。特(te)(te)別是(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多數在夜(ye)間進行，時(shi)(shi)間一(yi)般(ban)在6-10小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，平均8小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)左右(you)，若是(shi)淺放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很快就會(hui)到達末期，這時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)變低，會(hui)產生過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間比(bi)較長，加(jia)上(shang)頻繁(fan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就會(hui)使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命因充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受到較大(da)影響(xiang)。

　　最(zui)理想的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)要求根(gen)據實際情(qing)況(kuang)而定(ding)，要參考(kao)平時(shi)(shi)運行頻率、里程情(qing)況(kuang)、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池廠提(ti)供的說明，以及配套的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器性能等參數制定(ding)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)頻次。按絕大多數用戶(hu)的情(qing)況(kuang)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池以放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)為50%-70%時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)一次電(dian)(dian)(dian)最(zui)佳，這樣可使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命(ming)達到(dao)最(zui)佳效果。實際使(shi)用時(shi)(shi)可折算成(cheng)騎(qi)行里程，在需要時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)一次。

　　3、溫(wen)度對充電的(de)影響

　　蓄電(dian)池(chi)在高(gao)溫季節運行，主要存(cun)在過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)問題。蓄電(dian)池(chi)溫度增高(gao)時，各活性物質的(de)活度增加(jia)，正極析(xi)氧(yang)電(dian)位(wei)一下降(jiang)，負(fu)極析(xi)氧(yang)電(dian)位(wei)也(ye)下降(jiang)(負(fu)值下降(jiang))，因此，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)反應速(su)度快，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流大，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時需要的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓較低。為(wei)防止過高(gao)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓，應盡量降(jiang)低蓄電(dian)池(chi)溫度，保證良好散熱，防止在烈日暴曬后即充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，并(bing)應遠離熱源。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)情況下(xia)(xia)，各(ge)活性(xing)物質活度降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上的(de)(de)P溶解變得(de)困難，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)消耗P后很(hen)難得(de)到補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，所(suo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大幅度下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)，正極(ji)板在-20℃時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)僅為常溫(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)70%，而負極(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)受(shou)膨脹劑的(de)(de)影響(xiang)，低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)受(shou)能力更低(di)(di)(di)，-20℃的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)僅為常溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)40%。因此，低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)條件下(xia)(xia)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)主要存在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)受(shou)能力差、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足的(de)(de)問(wen)題，要求提高充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和延長(chang)(chang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)。改善(shan)低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)能主要應從負極(ji)著(zhu)手。低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)使用(yong)時(shi)應采取(qu)保溫(wen)(wen)防凍措施，特別是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)應放在溫(wen)(wen)暖的(de)(de)環境中，有(you)利于保證充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)，防止不(bu)可逆硫酸(suan)的(de)(de)產生，延長(chang)(chang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命。

　　蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池的存儲(chu)和使用期(qi)間，可定(ding)期(qi)進(jin)行活化充電(dian)，即所謂的均衡充電(dian)，這對(dui)防止蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池不可逆(ni)硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽化非常有利，對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池使用壽命很有好處，值得(de)提倡(chang)。

　　三、蓄電池(chi)的使用(yong)注意事項

　　1、防止過放電

　　蓄電(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)到(dao)終止電(dian)壓后(hou)，繼續放電(dian)稱為過(guo)放電(dian)。過(guo)放電(dian)會嚴(yan)重損害(hai)蓄電(dian)池(chi)，對蓄電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)氣性能及循環壽命極為不利。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)到終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)較大(da)(da)，電(dian)(dian)解液濃度非常稀薄(bo)，特別是極板(ban)孔內(nei)(nei)及表(biao)面幾乎處于中性(xing)(xing)，過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)有發熱傾向(xiang)，體積(ji)膨脹，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流較大(da)(da)時(shi)，明(ming)顯發熱(甚(shen)至出現發熱變(bian)形(xing))，這時(shi)硫(liu)酸鉛(qian)濃度特別大(da)(da)，生存(cun)晶枝短(duan)路的可能性(xing)(xing)增大(da)(da)，況且此時(shi)硫(liu)酸鉛(qian)會(hui)結(jie)晶成較大(da)(da)顆粒，即形(xing)成不(bu)可逆硫(liu)酸鹽化，將(jiang)進一(yi)步增大(da)(da)內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)，充電(dian)(dian)恢復(fu)能力很差，甚(shen)至無(wu)法修復(fu)。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)時應防止過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，采取“欠壓保護”是很有效的(de)措施。另外(wai)，由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)動車(che)“欠壓保護”是由(you)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)，但控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)以外(wai)的(de)其他一(yi)(yi)些設(she)備如電(dian)(dian)壓表、指示燈等耗電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)是由(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)直接供(gong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)，其電(dian)(dian)源的(de)供(gong)給一(yi)(yi)般不(bu)受(shou)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)動車(che)鎖(開(kai)(kai)關)一(yi)(yi)旦(dan)合上(shang)就開(kai)(kai)始用(yong)電(dian)(dian)。雖然(ran)電(dian)(dian)流小，但若長(chang)時間放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(1-2周)就會(hui)出現過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。因(yin)此，不(bu)得長(chang)時間開(kai)(kai)鎖，不(bu)用(yong)時應立即(ji)關掉。

　　2、防止過充電

　　前面(mian)已經對過(guo)(guo)(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了闡述，過(guo)(guo)(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)(hui)加(jia)大蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)水損失(shi)，會(hui)(hui)加(jia)速板(ban)柵(zha)腐蝕，活性物質(zhi)軟化(hua)，會(hui)(hui)增加(jia)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)變(bian)(bian)形的(de)幾率。應(ying)盡(jin)量避免(mian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)發生(sheng)；選擇充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器參數(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)與蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)良好(hao)匹(pi)配，要(yao)(yao)(yao)充分了解蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在高溫(wen)季節的(de)運行(xing)狀況(kuang)(kuang)，以(yi)及整個使用壽命期間的(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)情況(kuang)(kuang)。使用時(shi)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)將蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)置于過(guo)(guo)(guo)熱環(huan)境中，特(te)別是充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)應(ying)遠離熱源。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)受熱后要(yao)(yao)(yao)采取降溫(wen)措施，待蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)恢(hui)復正(zheng)常(chang)時(shi)方可(ke)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)安裝位置應(ying)盡(jin)可(ke)能保證良好(hao)散熱，發現過(guo)(guo)(guo)熱時(shi)應(ying)停止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，應(ying)對充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器和蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)檢查(cha)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)較淺時(shi)或環(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)偏高時(shi)應(ying)縮短充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。

　　3、防止短路

　　蓄電(dian)池(chi)在短(duan)路(lu)狀態時，其(qi)短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)可達數百安(an)培。短(duan)路(lu)接觸越(yue)牢，短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)越(yue)大，因此(ci)所有(you)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接部分(fen)都會(hui)(hui)產生(sheng)大量熱(re)量，在薄弱環(huan)節發熱(re)量更大，會(hui)(hui)將連(lian)(lian)(lian)接處(chu)熔斷(duan)，產生(sheng)短(duan)路(lu)現(xian)象。蓄電(dian)池(chi)局(ju)部可能(neng)產生(sheng)可爆氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(或(huo)充電(dian)時集存的可爆氣(qi)(qi)體(ti))，在連(lian)(lian)(lian)接處(chu)熔斷(duan)時產生(sheng)火花，會(hui)(hui)引(yin)起蓄電(dian)池(chi)爆炸；若蓄電(dian)池(chi)短(duan)路(lu)時間較短(duan)或(huo)電(dian)流(liu)不(bu)是特(te)別大時，可能(neng)不(bu)會(hui)(hui)引(yin)起連(lian)(lian)(lian)接處(chu)熔斷(duan)現(xian)象，但短(duan)路(lu)仍會(hui)(hui)有(you)過熱(re)現(xian)象，會(hui)(hui)損壞連(lian)(lian)(lian)接條周圍的粘結(jie)劑，使其(qi)留下漏液等隱(yin)患。因此(ci)，蓄電(dian)池(chi)絕對不(bu)能(neng)有(you)短(duan)路(lu)產生(sheng)，在安(an)裝或(huo)使用時應(ying)(ying)(ying)特(te)別小心，所用工具應(ying)(ying)(ying)采取(qu)絕緣措施，連(lian)(lian)(lian)線(xian)時應(ying)(ying)(ying)先將電(dian)池(chi)以外的電(dian)器連(lian)(lian)(lian)好，經檢(jian)查無(wu)短(duan)路(lu)，最后(hou)連(lian)(lian)(lian)上蓄電(dian)池(chi)，布線(xian)規范應(ying)(ying)(ying)良好絕緣，防止重(zhong)疊(die)受壓產生(sheng)破裂。

　　4、防止連(lian)接松動和不牢

　　若(ruo)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)牢(lao)，程(cheng)度較(jiao)輕，會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生導電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良，使其線路接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱，線路損耗較(jiao)大，輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓偏低，影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)機功率，使行駛里程(cheng)減少或不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)正常(chang)騎(qi)行；若(ruo)在(zai)接(jie)(jie)線端子部件(jian)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)牢(lao)(絕大多數故障是(shi)在(zai)接(jie)(jie)線端與連線接(jie)(jie)頭部位(wei))，端子會(hui)大量發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱，影響端子與密封(feng)膠的結(jie)合，時間一長就(jiu)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生漏液“爬酸”現象。若(ruo)在(zai)行駛過(guo)程(cheng)或充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中出現接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)牢(lao)，可(ke)能(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)生斷(duan)路，斷(duan)路時會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生強烈的火花，可(ke)能(neng)(neng)點爆(bao)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部的可(ke)爆(bao)氣體（特別是(shi)剛充好電(dian)(dian)(dian)的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內可(ke)爆(bao)氣體較(jiao)多，且蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)量足，斷(duan)路時火花較(jiao)強烈，爆(bao)炸(zha)的可(ke)能(neng)(neng)性相(xiang)當(dang)大。）

　　電(dian)動車在運行時(shi)要(yao)承受(shou)較為強烈的振(zhen)動，因此(ci)，應對(dui)所有連(lian)(lian)接(jie)的可靠(kao)性進行考(kao)核，接(jie)插(cha)件(jian)應帶“自鎖”功(gong)能，防止振(zhen)動和拉動時(shi)脫落，對(dui)與(yu)蓄電(dian)池接(jie)線片(pian)的連(lian)(lian)線應采取接(jie)插(cha)件(jian)，并(bing)用(yong)(yong)焊(han)錫將其焊(han)牢，接(jie)插(cha)件(jian)與(yu)連(lian)(lian)線應用(yong)(yong)壓(ya)接(jie)方式（也(ye)可壓(ya)接(jie)后再用(yong)(yong)焊(han)錫焊(han)一(yi)遍(bian)增(zeng)加可靠(kao)性）。