如何識別太陽能充電器的性能及內幕
現在太陽能充電器已(yi)經很常見了,那么就會有更多(duo)人來關注太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)問題。要評價(jia)一(yi)款太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng),可以(yi)從下面(mian)三個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)來看(kan):電(dian)(dian)池(chi): 由于太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)環境跟普通的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子產(chan)品有所不同,所以(yi)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)對內置電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)也最高。但這(zhe)恰恰是(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)費者容易忽略的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang),同時也是(shi)一(yi)些缺乏社會責任感的(de)(de)(de)廠家(jia)容易做手腳(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)。在(zai)市面(mian)上(shang),一(yi)塊同樣容量的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)價(jia)格可能(neng)(neng)相差(cha)好(hao)幾(ji)倍,所以(yi),某些山(shan)寨廠商就瞄(miao)準(zhun)了這(zhe)塊的(de)(de)(de)暴利,很多(duo)非常廉價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)都是(shi)二(er)次電(dian)(dian)芯翻新后的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi),好(hao)點的(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)B品、C品的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)壽命短不說,還有可能(neng)(neng)給消(xiao)(xiao)費者帶來人身(shen)安全上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)。
太陽能充電器的(de)內置(zhi)電池(chi)應以鋰(li)聚合物電池(chi)為佳,相對(dui)于(yu)平時我們常(chang)見(jian)的(de)鋰(li)電池(chi)(液(ye)態(tai)鋰(li)離子(zi)),聚合物電池(chi)的(de)鋰(li)離子(zi)成膠體裝(zhuang),活躍程度遠小于(yu)液(ye)態(tai)鋰(li)離子(zi)電池(chi),因此不會產生爆炸。并且為適(shi)(shi)用(yong)太(tai)陽能充(chong)(chong)電器的(de)使用(yong)環境,聚合物電池(chi)最(zui)好經過(guo)高(gao)(gao)溫處(chu)理,提升(sheng)電池(chi)的(de)耐高(gao)(gao)溫極限。 最(zui)后,需要注意的(de)是外(wai)殼(ke)表面處(chu)理和它的(de)各種附(fu)件。市面上常(chang)見(jian)的(de)太(tai)陽能充(chong)(chong)電器以塑膠殼(ke)為主,外(wai)表處(chu)理主要有亮油(you)、橡膠漆(qi),UV。亮油(you)價格(ge)比較便宜(yi),同時表面容易(yi)出現劃痕。橡膠漆(qi)手感非常(chang)舒適(shi)(shi),但隨使用(yong)時間(jian)的(de)增加(jia)會掉漆(qi)。UV一般只在高(gao)(gao)檔品牌手機上才使用(yong),價格(ge)昂(ang)貴(gui)。
采用UV處理,產品(pin)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)光(guang)潔精細,同時硬度好,不(bu)掉(diao)漆,不(bu)會(hui)留(liu)劃痕。 如果太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)有(you)(you)配DC適(shi)配器(qi),多關注一下DC適(shi)配器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量是有(you)(you)必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。畢竟這(zhe)關系到產品(pin)和(he)人身安(an)全。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池板(ban)(ban): 目前市面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池分為非晶硅(gui)和(he)晶體硅(gui)。其(qi)中晶體硅(gui)又可(ke)分為多晶硅(gui)和(he)單(dan)晶硅(gui)。從三種(zhong)材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)效率(lv)(lv)來(lai)看是:單(dan)晶硅(gui)(最高可(ke)達17%)>多晶硅(gui)(12~15%)>非晶硅(gui)(5% 左右(you))。但晶體硅(gui)(單(dan)晶硅(gui)和(he)多晶硅(gui))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)弱(ruo)光(guang)下基本上(shang)(shang)不(bu)會(hui)有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流產生,非晶硅(gui)弱(ruo)光(guang)型好(在(zai)弱(ruo)光(guang)下能(neng)量本來(lai)就很(hen)少)。所以綜合看來(lai),宜用單(dan)晶硅(gui)或多晶硅(gui)作(zuo)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料。 接下來(lai)我們要關注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重點就是太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)(lv),一般(ban)說來(lai),太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)跟(gen)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)晶片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積成正比(bi)(bi)(太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池晶片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積不(bu)完全等同于太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)封裝面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積,因為有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)雖然大,但太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)晶片(pian)(pian)排列(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縫隙很(hen)寬,這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)不(bu)一定高。比(bi)(bi)如我們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)VSC-03雖然太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)不(bu)大,但晶片(pian)(pian)排列(lie)緊密,在(zai)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積上(shang)(shang)也實現了0.75w的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)(lv))。
一般說來,太陽能面板的功率是越大越好,這樣在陽光下產生的電流大,能很快將其內置電池充滿。但現實中,需要在太陽能面板的功率和太陽能充電器的便攜性中找一個平衡點。一般說來,我們認為太陽能充電器的功率最小不能低于0.75w,(此功率的太陽能板在標準光強下有140mA的電流產生。在一般陽光下產生的電流在100mA左右)如果低于此功率充電電流過小,基本上不會有明顯效果。 控制電路: 如果說太陽能面板是充電器的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)端部分(fen),負責采集太陽能(neng)(neng)并將太陽能(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)為電(dian)能(neng)(neng),那么控制電(dian)路就(jiu)是(shi)整個(ge)產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)中樞。它主要(yao)承(cheng)擔(dan)兩方面的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng):一是(shi)將前(qian)端產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流盡(jin)(jin)可能(neng)(neng)儲存到內(nei)(nei)置(zhi)電(dian)池而杜(du)絕或(huo)者將浪費減(jian)少(shao)到最低限度(du);二(er)是(shi)當充電(dian)器給手(shou)機等設備(bei)充電(dian)時,盡(jin)(jin)可能(neng)(neng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)將內(nei)(nei)置(zhi)電(dian)池里(li)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)量輸出給手(shou)機等設備(bei),而盡(jin)(jin)量少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)將電(dian)量損耗(hao)在線路上(shang)。
遺憾的(de)(de)是,由于(yu)認(ren)知或技術上的(de)(de)問題,目前(qian)國內(nei)廠商對(dui)太(tai)陽能(neng)充電(dian)器控制電(dian)路設計的(de)(de)優(you)化(hua)沒(mei)有引起(qi)足夠的(de)(de)重視,導致(zhi)生產出來的(de)(de)太(tai)陽能(neng)充電(dian)器實(shi)用性(xing)較差:前(qian)端產生的(de)(de)電(dian)流不能(neng)完(wan)全存(cun)儲到(dao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi);內(nei)置電(dian)池(chi)(chi)給手機(ji)等設備(bei)充電(dian)時,很大一部(bu)分電(dian)流浪費(fei)在線路上,未能(neng)輸(shu)入到(dao)充電(dian)設備(bei)上。 所以消費(fei)者在選擇太(tai)陽能(neng)充電(dian)器時,需(xu)要(yao)多留意(yi)一下這兩個指標:二次(ci)轉換(huan)率(lv)(前(qian)端產生的(de)(de)電(dian)存(cun)儲到(dao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv))和(he)放電(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)(內(nei)置電(dian)池(chi)(chi)里的(de)(de)電(dian)輸(shu)入到(dao)需(xu)要(yao)充電(dian)設備(bei)上的(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv))。這兩個效(xiao)率(lv)是越高(gao)越好。一般說來,二次(ci)存(cun)儲效(xiao)率(lv)目前(qian)做得(de)很好的(de)(de)可以達到(dao)95%,放電(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)可以達到(dao)83%以上。
衡量控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路好壞(huai)的(de)(de)另一個重(zhong)要(yao)標準(zhun)是:控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路是否做了各種保(bao)護。通常來(lai)說,一款好的(de)(de)太陽能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器,控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路應該具備(bei)(bei):過(guo)流保(bao)護(當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過(guo)高時能(neng)自(zi)動(dong)限(xian)流,不會對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)(bei)產生(sheng)損害(hai)),過(guo)沖保(bao)護(當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量達到設定的(de)(de)限(xian)度(du)時,將(jiang)自(zi)動(dong)停(ting)止對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),從而(er)杜絕電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)損壞(huai)甚至(zhi)爆炸的(de)(de)可能(neng)),過(guo)放(fang)保(bao)護(主要(yao)是用來(lai)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),避免深度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)產生(sheng)損害(hai)),溫(wen)度(du)保(bao)護(當控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路溫(wen)度(du)超過(guo)設定溫(wen)度(du),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器將(jiang)自(zi)動(dong)停(ting)止工作,以保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi))。
如果控制電路上這些保護都沒做或者大部分沒做的話,那將會把太陽能充電器的(de)質量風險轉嫁(jia)給需要充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)手機等數碼(ma)設(she)備,很有可(ke)能(neng)給消費(fei)者(zhe)帶來(lai)損(sun)失。象我們維勝特(te)自己(ji)研發太陽能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)時,首先(xian)想(xiang)到的(de)就(jiu)是安全性如何保(bao)證。在(zai)這方面我們下(xia)了很多功夫。所以(yi)消費(fei)者(zhe)在(zai)購(gou)買太陽能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)不要一味(wei)去(qu)看價格。盡管電(dian)(dian)路保(bao)護設(she)計不健全的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)未(wei)必就(jiu)一定(ding)會損(sun)害您充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)設(she)備,但花(hua)錢買個安心還是有必要的(de)。