電子產品充斥著我們的生活，而電子產品配套的充電器和電源適配器肯定是必不可少，但是為什么類似手機使用的是手機充電器，筆記本使用的是電源適配器?手機充電器和電源適配器有什么區別？為什么充電器會爆炸？
 

　　一、什么是充電器?

　　充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器通常指的(de)(de)是一種將交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為低壓(ya)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)設備(bei)，是給可(ke)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)用的(de)(de)專(zhuan)用直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，它內部包括(kuo)了限(xian)流(liu)，限(xian)壓(ya)等滿(man)足充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性的(de)(de)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。依據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)狀況，可(ke)能(neng)(neng)要限(xian)流(liu)，可(ke)能(neng)(neng)要限(xian)壓(ya)，一切為充好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)服務。

　　充電器在各個領域用途廣泛，特別是在生活領域被廣泛用于手機，手電筒等常見電器。它一般是給電池直接充電，不通過任何中介設備和裝置。
 

　　二、什么是適配器?

　　電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)適配器(qi)是小型便攜式電(dian)(dian)子設備及電(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)變換設備，它把電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)外(wai)置(zhi)，用一條線(xian)和主(zhu)機連接，這樣可以縮小主(zhu)機的體積(ji)和重量，只有極(ji)少數(shu)的設備和電(dian)(dian)器(qi)把電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)內置(zhi)在主(zhu)機內。

　　電源適配器是經過變壓，整流和穩壓的電源變換器，輸出的是直流，在滿足功率的情況下可以理解為低壓穩壓電源。廣泛配套于路由器、電話子母機、游戲機、語言復讀機、隨身聽、筆記本、手機等設備中。大部分電源適配器可以自動檢測100～240V交流電(50/60Hz)。
 

　　三、充電器和適配器有什么區別?

　　電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適(shi)配(pei)器和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器是有(you)區別(bie)的。電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適(shi)配(pei)器直接為(wei)用電(dian)(dian)器供電(dian)(dian)，要(yao)求電(dian)(dian)壓穩定，所以是一個穩壓電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適(shi)配(pei)器能當充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器用，是因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適(shi)配(pei)器和電(dian)(dian)池的內(nei)阻較大，特性(xing)“軟”，“互相適(shi)應”的緣故(gu)，不出問(wen)題。

　　手機和電腦的充電器內部是不包括充電控制電路的，充電控制電路一般放在主機上完成。所以手機充電器以及筆記本電腦充電器其實只是個電源適配器，它內部是不包括充電控制電路的，自然手機充電器和筆記本充電器等類似由主機完成充電控制的電源實際就是電源適配器，只是傳統的稱呼誤導罷了，因為大家習慣把給電器和設備供電的電源稱之為充電器。
 

　　四、為什么充電器會爆炸?

　　1、短路導致的

　　短路導(dao)致的充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)爆炸(zha)這種可能(neng)性較小，一(yi)者有保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)路(除了(le)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)路外(wai)還(huan)可串聯類(lei)似PTC的保(bao)護元件)。況且(qie)短路時電(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過PCB走線，會燒(shao)掉(diao)PCB走線。

　　2、電池本身的原因

　　由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)池內部缺陷，電(dian)(dian)池本身在不(bu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、不(bu)放電(dian)(dian)的情況下爆炸。在這種情況下，我(wo)們(men)能(neng)做(zuo)的就是選擇(ze)較好的電(dian)(dian)芯，如聚合物。

　　3、電芯長(chang)期過充(chong)導(dao)致(zhi)的

　　第(di)一種情況是(shi)(shi)可能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)確實太高(gao)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)大(da)于(yu)4.3V;第(di)二(er)種情況是(shi)(shi)兩者(zhe)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)本身(shen)容(rong)許(xu)最高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)小于(yu)4.2V，估(gu)計前者(zhe)可能(neng)性很高(gao)。采取的(de)對策包括保(bao)護IC過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)取4.30V，雖然一般電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)容(rong)許(xu)最高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為4.35V，我(wo)們還是(shi)(shi)要(yao)考慮(lv)離散(san)性，這包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)離散(san)性及保(bao)護IC過壓(ya)(ya)值的(de)離散(san)性，并且留有裕(yu)量。選擇(ze)精工保(bao)護IC，是(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)它的(de)過壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)護值精度高(gao)，且可供選擇(ze)范圍(wei)寬(4.2-4.4)。同時充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)要(yao)嚴(yan)格校(xiao)正，確保(bao)最大(da)值不超4.25V。

　　其實，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器和適配(pei)器兩者(zhe)之間的區別(bie)其實總結起來就是：充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器包含電(dian)(dian)源適配(pei)器的功能，但充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器內部還有恒流、恒壓等(deng)滿足充(chong)電(dian)(dian)特征的控制電(dian)(dian)路。而且(qie)我們要正確使用充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，選擇正規(gui)廠(chang)家購買(mai)品(pin)牌產(chan)品(pin)，以(yi)免造成爆(bao)炸(zha)等(deng)嚴(yan)重后果(guo)。