，一個控制規則(ze)表中(zhong)會出現空(kong)項(xiang),這是(shi)不能滿足實際控制要(yao)求的(de)(de)。為了取得(de)更(geng)滿意的(de)(de)控制效果(guo)，可以對原始的(de)(de)控制規則(ze)進(jin)行改(gai)進(jin)。這時，應(ying)以粗糙的(de)(de)控制規則(ze)為基礎，通過仿真實驗和(he)系統調試加以完善。

4.模糊智(zhi)能(neng)充電系統(tong)的(de)工(gong)作原(yuan)理及結構

智能充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統主要(yao)由充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源和(he)單片(pian)機控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)兩部(bu)分組(zu)成。220V的(de)交流(liu)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)經整流(liu)濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)變(bian)為(wei)脈動的(de)310V高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)直流(liu)。然后經DC-DC變(bian)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)（脈沖功率(lv)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器）變(bian)為(wei)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所需的(de)60V直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。為(wei)了保證輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)穩(wen)定性，采用了UC3842對(dui)60V直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)進行穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)。二次(ci)斬(zhan)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)主要(yao)由MOSFET管(guan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容和(he)二極管(guan)組(zu)成，輸出24-36V的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)部(bu)分采用C504單片(pian)機，通過(guo)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)信號的(de)采集、分析處理、模糊推理[8]、模糊決(jue)策等，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)二次(ci)斬(zhan)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中的(de)MOSFET管(guan)的(de)通斷時間來控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)部(bu)分還包括對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)溫度的(de)采集以及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)顯示。總體結(jie)構(gou)如圖(tu)3所示。

圖3 智能(neng)充電(dian)系統總(zong)體結構框圖

5 蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充放電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)是一個復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)，要用(yong)精確數(shu)學模型對蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制則(ze)有(you)相(xiang)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)難度(du)。蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)控(kong)制系(xi)統是個非線性的(de)(de)(de)(de)、時變的(de)(de)(de)(de)、有(you)干擾(rao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、具有(you)純滯后的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制系(xi)統，在充放電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中涉及到很多參數(shu)，如充電(dian)(dian)率、最(zui)大允許充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流、內阻(zu)、出氣點電(dian)(dian)壓、溫度(du)、壽命(ming)等。

   作者(zhe)創新點(dian)為：

(1) 隸屬(shu)函(han)數(shu)(shu) 的(de)(de)形狀，對控(kong)制效果(guo)影響(xiang)較大(da)。窄型(xing)隸屬(shu)函(han)數(shu)(shu)，反(fan)映(ying)模(mo)(mo)(mo)糊(hu)(hu)集合(he)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)高(gao)分(fen)辨(bian)特性。如果(guo)系統(tong)誤差(cha)(cha)，采用高(gao)分(fen)辨(bian)率(lv)模(mo)(mo)(mo)糊(hu)(hu)集合(he)，則誤差(cha)(cha)控(kong)制的(de)(de)靈敏度(du)就會提高(gao)。在系統(tong)誤差(cha)(cha)較大(da)的(de)(de)范(fan)圍內，采用具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)低分(fen)辨(bian)率(lv)隸屬(shu)函(han)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)糊(hu)(hu)集合(he)；而在系統(tong)誤差(cha)(cha)較小，或接(jie)近(jin)于零時(shi)，宜(yi)采用具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)高(gao)分(fen)辨(bian)率(lv)隸屬(shu)函(han)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)糊(hu)(hu)集合(he)。

(2)在定(ding)義某一語言(yan)變量，如(ru)誤(wu)差、誤(wu)差變化率(lv)和(he)控(kong)制量變化的(de)全部集合時，要考慮其對(dui)論(lun)域(yu)[-n,+n]的(de)覆蓋程(cheng)度(du)，語言(yan)變量的(de)全部模糊(hu)集合所(suo)包含的(de)非零隸屬度(du)對(dui)應(ying)的(de)論(lun)域(yu)元素個數，應(ying)是模糊(hu)集合總數的(de)3-4倍。

，將模(mo)(mo)糊(hu)控(kong)制表格(ge)中的(de)數據存(cun)儲(chu)于微控(kong)制器外部存(cun)儲(chu)空間中，基本上(shang)克服了這個缺(que)(que)(que)點(dian)(dian)。芯片(pian)(pian)電可擦除X5045）查(cha)表法作(zuo)為(wei)模(mo)(mo)糊(hu)控(kong)制算法有(you)表格(ge)結(jie)構單一，修(xiu)改繁瑣，缺(que)(que)(que)乏靈活性的(de)缺(que)(que)(que)點(dian)(dian)。針對使(shi)用查(cha)表法作(zuo)為(wei)模(mo)(mo)糊(hu)控(kong)制算法暴(bao)露的(de)缺(que)(que)(que)點(dian)(dian)，在硬件設計中與以補償，加入了一片(pian)(pian)