磷酸鐵鋰電池充電電路
CN3059是一種對單節磷酸鐵鋰電池進行恒流、恒壓充電的充電器IC。用該IC組成的充電器主要特點:充電電流可由一外設電阻RISET設定,最大充電電流可達1A;輸入電壓4~6V,可采用USB接口或4.5~6V輸出電壓(輸出電流1000~1500mA)的AC/DC適配器供電;充電器電路簡單、外圍元器件少、成本低;對過放電(電池電壓<2.0V)的電池有小電流預充電模式;內部有功率器理電路,若芯片的結溫超過115℃時能自動降低充電電流作過熱保護,使用戶可設置較大的充電電流,以提高充電效率;有兩個LED分別作充電狀態指示及充電結束指示;有輸入電壓過低(<3.61V)時的輸出鎖存功能、自動再充電功能、電池溫度監測功能;采用小尺寸、散熱增強性的10引腳DFN封裝;充電溫度范圍0~45℃或0~65℃(由充電電池參數決定)。
CN3059是磷酸鐵鋰電池的專用充電器IC,但它還有一個獨特的特點:外設一個電阻RVSET,它可以增加恒壓充電的輸出電壓。利用這個獨特的特點,可以組成簡易的3節鎳氫電池充電器及4V鉛酸電池充電器或鋰離子電池充電器。
由CN3059組成的充電器適合充 0.5~4Ah的磷酸鐵鋰電池。其應用領域:礦燈、LED應急燈、警示燈;車模、船模、航模及電動玩具;在照相機中,用3.2V磷酸鐵鋰電池替代一次性3V鋰電池(型號為CR123A),其外廓尺寸相同;通信裝置;小型醫療儀器及野外測試儀器;小型電動工具等。另外,可采用CN3059組成充3節鎳氫電池及4V鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池的充電(dian)器等。
封(feng)裝、引(yin)腳排列及(ji)功能
CN3059采用散熱增強型10引腳小尺寸DFN封裝,其引腳排列如圖1所示,各引腳功能如表1所示。

圖1 CN3059引(yin)腳圖

主要參數
CN3059的極限參數:各引腳的電壓范圍為-0.3~6.5V;BAT引腳與GND短路時間可連續;靜電擊穿電壓為2kV;最高結溫為150℃;焊接溫度為300℃(10s)。
CN3059的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣參數:電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)范圍(wei)為(wei)4~6V;靜態電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)典(dian)型值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)650μA;低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)鎖存電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)VIN≤3.61V;預存電(dian)(dian)(dian)閾(yu)值(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)小于2.05V;恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)3.6V;充電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束閾(yu)值(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ISET端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))為(wei)0.22V;睡眠模(mo)(mo)式(shi)閾(yu)值(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)VIN-VBAT≤20mV;睡眠模(mo)(mo)式(shi)解除閾(yu)值(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)VIN-VBAT≥50mV;TEMP端高溫閾(yu)值(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)80%VIN,低溫閾(yu)值(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)48% VIN。
典型應用電路
采用CN3059組成磷酸鐵鋰電池充電器電路與由CN3056組成的鋰離子充電器電路相比,前者有兩個突出的優點:①精確檢測充電電池的電壓,充電電池的終止充電電壓控制得更精確,使電池充的更滿;②采用在FB端與電池正極之間加接一個電阻RVSET,使充電器除能充磷酸鐵鋰電池外,也可簡單地組成充鉛酸電池及鎳氫電池,擴展了充電器功能。下面分別介紹這2種典型應用電路。
1、充磷酸鐵鋰電池電路
充電(dian)電(dian)池型(xing)號為(wei)26650,容量為(wei)2800mAH,采用1000mA恒流(liu)電(dian)充電(dian)(其充電(dian)率約(yue)0.36C),充電(dian)器(qi)電(dian)路如圖2所示。

圖2 磷酸鐵(tie)鋰(li)電池充電電路
充電器采用輸出直流電壓5V、輸出電流1500mA的AC/DC適配器作電源。用紅色LED作充電狀態指示燈,用綠色LED作充電結束指示燈。設定恒流充電電流ICH=1000mA,則RISET為:
RISET=1800V/1A=1.8kΩ (1)
CIN(10μF)及COUT(10μF)是為保證充電器工作穩定的輸入及輸出電容,可采用多層陶瓷電容器(MLCC)。
這里重點介紹精確電池電壓檢測電路。圖3是一般電池電壓檢測電路,圖4是精確電池電壓檢測電路。圖3中,BAT端外接充電電池,內接由R1、R2組成的電阻分壓器,其中間點為輸入誤差放大器,根據充電電池的實際電壓來對電池進行預充電、恒流充電及恒壓充電。若在恒流充電時的充電電流為ICH、BAT端的電壓為VBAT,電池的電壓為V’BAT。若BAT端到電池正極之間的金屬連接線的電阻為△R,則ICH電流從BAT端到電池正極間的電壓降VDROP =ICH×△R,則VBAT=ICH×△R+V’BAT (V’BAT<VBAT)。充電電流越大,則VBAT與V’BAT的差值越大。輸入到誤差放大器的電壓是VBAT的分壓而不是V’BAT的分壓,因此產生電池實際電壓的檢測誤差。
再看圖4電(dian)(dian)路,BAT端(duan)向電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)。另(ling)外,由電(dian)(dian)池正極加一條(tiao)連接到FB端(duan),將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓通過R1、R2分壓器后輸入誤差放(fang)大器。

圖3 一(yi)般電池電壓檢測(ce)電路(lu)

圖4 精確(que)電池電壓(ya)檢(jian)測電路
粗看起來,FB端、電池正極端及BAT端是同電位的。但要注意的是從BAT端流到電池正極的電流是ICH,若連接線電阻為△R,其壓差VDROP=ICH×△R;而若從電池正極流入FB的電流是IFB,連接線電阻也為△R,則V’BAR-VFB的壓差為IFB×△R。因為ICH往往是0.xA~1A,而IFB≈3μA ,所以VBAT與V’BAT的壓差較大,而V’BAT與VFB之間的壓差甚小(VBAT>V’BAT>VFB),用VFB端反饋到誤差放大器的電壓與電池的實際電壓更接近,即檢測電池電壓更精確。這一種精確測量方法也稱為開爾文檢測法(KeLvin)。用這方法精確檢測電池電壓可使電池的終止充電電壓更精確,電池也沖的更滿。
2 、充4V鉛酸電池或3節鎳氫電池或鋰離子電池的電路
在FB端與(yu)電(dian)(dian)池正極(ji)之間加一(yi)個RVSET電(dian)(dian)阻,可以調節(jie)恒壓(ya)充電(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)這一(yi)特點,則(ze)除充磷酸鐵鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池外,還可組成簡易4V鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池或3節(jie)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)器,電(dian)(dian)路如圖5所示。

圖5 鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池或鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)路(lu)
設定的終止充電電壓Vbat與RVSET的關系為:
Vbat(V)=3.6(V)+3.04×10-6(A)×RVSET(Ω) (2)
由于這種(zhong)簡易充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設定了終(zhong)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),所(suo)以在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)不會產生(sheng)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang),即充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)安全的(de)(de)(de)。但由于不同種(zhong)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)有(you)(you)各自(zi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)程(cheng)式及終(zhong)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)檢測方法,因(yin)此用(yong)CN3059組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)簡易充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿程(cheng)度上(shang)需要差(cha)一些。另外,在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)3節鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)時,由于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)沒有(you)(you)每節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)均壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路,所(suo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應是(shi)同一種(zhong)型號(hao)、同一公司生(sheng)產、同一組使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),否則會造成(cheng)由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)內阻不同而產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)未充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿,有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)。不同充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)RVSET值如表2所(suo)示。
圖6是一種充3.2V磷酸鐵鋰電池(S1打在下面)及充3.6V鋰離子電池(S1打在上面)的充電器電路。另外,它是恒流充電可選500mA(S2打在下面)或1000mA(S2打在上面)的充電電路。

圖6 3.2V磷酸鐵鋰電池及3.6V鋰離子電池充電器電路
