充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流應小于(yu)或等于(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可接(jie)收充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。否則，過(guo)(guo)剩的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會(hui)使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液過(guo)(guo)快地(di)消耗掉(diao)，產(chan)生以下危(wei)(wei)害(hai)：加(jia) 大蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)失(shi)水率(lv)，增(zeng)加(jia)維(wei)護工(gong)作(zuo)量(liang)，對于(yu)免(mian)維(wei)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，會(hui)造(zao)成蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)期失(shi)效(xiao)；產(chan)生酸霧，造(zao)成環境污染(ran)，危(wei)(wei)害(hai)工(gong)人(ren)身體健康；使(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)降(jiang)低，造(zao)成能源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)浪費(fei)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，是放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應的(de)(de)(de)(de)逆(ni)反應過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，如果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)在(zai)理想的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)下進行，這個過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)應該是互為逆(ni)反應，即充(chong)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)與放出的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)應基本相等。但在(zai)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)析(xi)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)下，有(you)效(xiao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能達不到總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)40%，即浪費(fei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能60%以上(shang)。氣(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生聚(ju)集在(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)內部(bu)，減(jian)(jian)少了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質與多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸面積，即充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應界面大幅度減(jian)(jian)小，使(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應速度降(jiang)低，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)十分困難，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間延長。

     嚴重的(de)(de)(de)析氣會(hui)損(sun)害蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池：①大量(liang)氣體的(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)對極(ji)板活性(xing)物(wu)(wu)有沖刷作(zuo)用，使活性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質容易松軟和(he)脫落。②在較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下(xia)，正(zheng)極(ji)板的(de)(de)(de)板柵(zha)會(hui)產生(sheng)嚴重腐蝕，生(sheng)成Pb02，這種(zhong)腐蝕物(wu)(wu)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學生(sheng)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)Pb02是完全不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)，是一種(zhong)不(bu)可逆的(de)(de)(de)氧化物(wu)(wu)，導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)較差，并使板柵(zha)變形，脆(cui)裂，失去骨(gu)架和(he)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)作(zuo)用。因此在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時應盡可能防止過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。長期充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足(zu)，未反應的(de)(de)(de)活性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質會(hui)產生(sheng)不(bu)可逆的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)陽性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)大顆粒PbS04晶粒(即(ji)不(bu)可逆硫(liu)酸鹽化)使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)下(xia)降，內阻加大，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)難(nan)度加大，造成蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池早期損(sun)壞。

    蓄電池要盡量保證充足電，防止不可逆硫酸鹽化。蓄電池充電深度對循環壽命影響很大，基本呈指數變化。這是由于正極活性物為Pb02，其結合牢度不高，放電時轉化成PbS04充電時又轉化成PbO2，而PbSO4的體積遠比PbO2體積大(其體積之比約為2：1)。因此，對正極板而言，活性物將會膨脹收縮反復進行，使其粒子之間的連接逐漸脫落，使蓄電池活性物失去放電特性成為“陽極泥”，使蓄電池性能下降，直至壽命終止。放電深度越深，膨脹收縮量越大，對活性物結合力破壞越大，壽命越短；反之則循環壽命越長。從理論上講蓄電池使用時應盡量避免深放電，應做到淺放勤充，前提是有特別匹配的充電器與之匹配。但是實際使用中，由于蓄電池充電受蓄電池充電器性能和蓄電池本身的離散及充電習慣及充電速度影響，充電器的電壓(ya)均比較高，或(huo)多或(huo)少都(dou)存在過充電。

    特別是充電多數在夜間進行，時間一般在6-10小時，平均8小時左右，若是淺放電，其充電很快就會到達末期，這時充電效率變低，會產生過充電。過充電時間比較長，加上頻繁充電，就會使蓄電池壽命因充電受到較大影響。最理想的充電要求根據實際情況而定，要參考平時運行頻率、里程情況、蓄電池廠提供的說明，以及配套的電池充電器性(xing)能等參(can)數制(zhi)定充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頻次(ci)。按絕(jue)大多(duo)數用戶的情況，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)以放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)(du)為50%-70%時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最佳，這樣可使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命達到最佳效果。實際使用時(shi)(shi)可折算(suan)成(cheng)騎行(xing)里程，在需要(yao)時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。溫度(du)(du)對充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的影響蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在高溫季節運(yun)行(xing)，主要(yao)存在過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的問題。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度(du)(du)增(zeng)高時(shi)(shi)，各活性(xing)物(wu)質的活度(du)(du)增(zeng)加(jia)，正極(ji)析氧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)一(yi)下(xia)降(jiang)，負(fu)極(ji)析氧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)也下(xia)降(jiang)(負(fu)值下(xia)降(jiang))，因此(ci)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反(fan)應速度(du)(du)快(kuai)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)需要(yao)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較低。

    蓄電(dian)(dian)池放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)到(dao)終止電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)(shi)內阻較(jiao)大(da)，電(dian)(dian)解液濃度非常(chang)稀(xi)薄，特別是極板孔內及表(biao)面幾(ji)乎處于中性，過(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)內阻有發(fa)熱傾向(xiang)，體積膨脹，放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流較(jiao)大(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，明顯發(fa)熱(甚(shen)至出現發(fa)熱變(bian)形)，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)硫(liu)(liu)酸鉛(qian)濃度特別大(da)，存在枝晶(jing)體短路的可能性增(zeng)大(da)，況且(qie)此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)硫(liu)(liu)酸鉛(qian)會(hui)結晶(jing)成(cheng)較(jiao)大(da)顆粒(li)，即(ji)形成(cheng)不可逆硫(liu)(liu)酸鹽化，將進(jin)一(yi)步增(zeng)大(da)內阻，充電(dian)(dian)恢復(fu)能力很差，甚(shen)至無(wu)法修復(fu)。蓄電(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)防止過(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)，采取(qu)“欠壓(ya)保護”是很有效的措施(shi)。另外，由(you)于電(dian)(dian)動車“欠壓(ya)保護”是由(you)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的，但(dan)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)以外的其他一(yi)些(xie)設備(bei)如電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)、指示(shi)燈等耗電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)是由(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)池直(zhi)接供(gong)電(dian)(dian)的，其電(dian)(dian)源的供(gong)給一(yi)般不受控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)動車鎖(開(kai)(kai)關(guan))一(yi)旦合上就開(kai)(kai)始用(yong)電(dian)(dian)。雖然電(dian)(dian)流小，但(dan)若長(chang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(1-2周)就會(hui)出現過(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)。因此(ci)，不得(de)長(chang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)開(kai)(kai)鎖，不用(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)立(li)即(ji)關(guan)掉(diao)。前面已經對過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)進(jin)行了闡(chan)述，過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)會(hui)加(jia)大(da)蓄電(dian)(dian)池的水損失，會(hui)加(jia)速板柵腐蝕，活性物質軟化，會(hui)增(zeng)加(jia)蓄電(dian)(dian)池變(bian)形的幾(ji)率。