現代電動自行車是融合電力電子、機械、控制、材料以及化工等領域各種新技術的綜合產品。我國電動自行車發展的總體目標是生產出在性能和價格上都能媲美于燃油助動車的適合于城市交通的綠色輕便代步工具。實現這一目標的關鍵在于開發高性能、低成本、安全可靠的動力蓄電池。盡管目前電池儲能技術還沒有得到相應的發展。但新型蓄電池如氫鎳電池、鋰電池、鋅―空氣電池和燃料電池的問世和快速電池充電器技術(shu)的發明，為(wei)電動自行車最終取(qu)代(dai)燃油(you)助(zhu)動車提供(gong)了樂(le)觀的保證。

     電氣(qi)傳動系統

     1、電動自行車對(dui)電氣傳動系(xi)統的要求

     電氣(qi)傳動(dong)(dong)系統是電動(dong)(dong)自行(xing)車(che)的驅動(dong)(dong)和(he)控制(zhi)中心，其系統結(jie)構(gou)如(ru)圖(tu)1所(suo)示(shi)。對其要求是：結(jie)構(gou)簡(jian)單，外形尺寸小，重量輕，效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)高，免(mian)維護(hu)(hu)或少維護(hu)(hu)。電動(dong)(dong)自行(xing)車(che)的電機應具有高功率(lv)密(mi)度和(he)圖(tu)2所(suo)示(shi)的矩―轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)特性：基速(su)(su)以(yi)下大轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩，適應車(che)輛(liang)負荷爬坡、頻繁起制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)等要求；基速(su)(su)以(yi)上小轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩、恒功率(lv)，保證車(che)輛(liang)在(zai)平坦路面(mian)上快速(su)(su)騎行(xing)。同時，電機在(zai)整個轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩―轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)運行(xing)范(fan)圍(wei)內應保持高效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)，以(yi)謀(mou)求電池一次充(chong)電后的續駛里程盡可能長。2、無刷直流電機的控制(zhi)規律

     無刷(shua)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)具(ju)有(you)很(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)能量密度，其(qi)體積僅為相同(tong)功(gong)率普(pu)通直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)50％，且重量輕(qing)、效率高。用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)永磁無刷(shua)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)有(you)兩(liang)類(lei)：內轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)和(he)(he)外轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)，其(qi)中外轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)更(geng)適合構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪毅，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)中有(you)較多(duo)應用。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)主(zhu)要在市(shi)區(qu)騎(qi)行(xing)，車(che)(che)速不高，并且起(qi)、停頻繁，因(yin)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)普(pu)遍采(cai)用多(duo)極三相結構(gou)(gou)。控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)為雙向(xiang)DC／AC變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)，車(che)(che)輛(liang)前進時(shi)(shi)，變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)工(gong)作在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)況；車(che)(che)輛(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)工(gong)作在發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)況，實現再生制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，將機(ji)(ji)械能轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能反饋(kui)回蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。圖3是由變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)位置檢測器(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)永磁同(tong)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)永磁無刷(shua)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)原理圖。其(qi)中變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞繞組提供雙向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通路，Ui的(de)(de)(de)大小和(he)(he)極性(xing)決定(ding)了驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩的(de)(de)(de)數值和(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)，即車(che)(che)輛(liang)是前進還是制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)負反饋(kui)保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩跟隨給定(ding)指令(ling)Ui變化(hua)，可有(you)效地提高車(che)(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)可控(kong)性(xing)。限于目前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)儲能水平，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)上采(cai)用再生制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)技術是增加一次充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)續駛(shi)里程的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效方(fang)(fang)法。該技術目前還處于研究開發階(jie)段(duan)。

     3、減速系統的作用

     對于相(xiang)同(tong)功率的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，額定(ding)轉(zhuan)速越(yue)高，其額定(ding)轉(zhuan)矩和對應的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流就越(yue)小(xiao)，減小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)銅耗(hao)和渦流損耗(hao)，提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)效率。采(cai)用配有減速裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)傳動(dong)系統，可改(gai)善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)低速動(dong)力性能(neng)，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)始終工作在(zai)高速、高效狀(zhuang)態(tai)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)處于小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)最佳工況，帶有減速系統的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是將機(ji)(ji)(ji)械減速裝置(zhi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)合成一體化的(de)(de)含(han)油(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)輪(lun)(lun)毅。直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)采(cai)用低速大(da)(da)轉(zhuan)矩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，車(che)(che)輛低速前行(xing)(xing)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流增大(da)(da)，效率降低；蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)(da)，直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)影響蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)使用壽命。但直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)方式結構簡單(dan)，價格便宜，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)上(shang)被(bei)廣泛采(cai)用。　

     蓄電池(chi)及其(qi)應(ying)用技術(shu)

     1、蓄電池

     蓄(xu)電(dian)池及(ji)其應(ying)用(yong)水平始終(zhong)是制約包括(kuo)電(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)車(che)在內(nei)的(de)電(dian)動(dong)車(che)輛進步的(de)瓶頸(jing)。世(shi)界各主要(yao)工業(ye)國(guo)家紛紛投(tou)入巨大的(de)人力、物(wu)力、財力開發高能量、低(di)價格的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池，日(ri)前已達到實用(yong)程度的(de)新型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)池性(xing)能比(bi)較(jiao)見表一。

     鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)不(bu)適合大功率連續放電(dian)(dian)，成組一致(zhi)性(xing)差(cha)，深度(du)循環會降低能量轉換率和縮(suo)短使用壽命，但它的(de)(de)價格(ge)優勢是(shi)無可辯駁的(de)(de)。并且改進后的(de)(de)免(mian)維護全(quan)密封閥控式(shi)鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其比(bi)能量、比(bi)功率、快速充電(dian)(dian)性(xing)能等指標均(jun)較傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)有(you)大幅度(du)提高，因此鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)仍是(shi)我國電(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車目前(qian)的(de)(de)首選動(dong)力源(yuan)。

     電(dian)動車對蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)主要要求是；高能量(liang)密度(du)，使(shi)電(dian)動車有較(jiao)長(chang)的(de)一(yi)次充(chong)電(dian)續駛里程；高功率密度(du)，賦予電(dian)動車良(liang)好(hao)的(de)起動、加速、爬(pa)坡(po)性能；長(chang)壽(shou)命(ming)，可有效降低

表一：

特? 性

鉛酸型電池

?鎘鎳電池

?氫鎳電池

鋰離子電池

比能量/Wh.kg-1

35

55

60

120

能量密度/Wh.L-1

65

85

140

250

單元電壓/V?

2.0

1.2

1.2

3.7

放電曲線

平坦

平坦

平坦

平坦

循環壽命/次

150~140

500~1000

500~1000

?600~1000

月自放電率/%

6

15

25

5

制造成本/（美(mei)元(yuan)/kWh）

75-150

100-200??

230-500

120-200

記憶效應??

?有

?有

無

無

環境保護

有污染

有污染

?無污染

?無污染

安全性

安全

安全

安全

潛在問題

研制生產情況

生產中

生產中

生產中

實驗中

     車(che)輛的(de)運行成本(ben)。目前還沒有(you)(you)一(yi)種蓄電(dian)池(chi)能夠全面滿足上述要(yao)求，但(dan)近年來(lai)突飛猛進(jin)的(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)制造技術向人們推(tui)出了(le)各具(ju)特(te)色(se)的(de)新型(xing)電(dian)池(chi)，如(ru)：比能量(liang)80Wh/kg、比功率(lv)100W／kg的(de)鈉硫電(dian)池(chi)，重量(liang)輕(qing)、功率(lv)密度(du)大的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)，可以(yi)“再生(sheng)”方(fang)式(shi)置換(huan)陽極(ji)電(dian)極(ji)的(de)鋅―空氣電(dian)池(chi)，以(yi)及能量(liang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)效(xiao)率(lv)高(gao)達80％的(de)燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)。這些新型(xing)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)出現(xian)打破了(le)鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi)一(yi)統天下的(de)格局，正如(ru)美(mei)國(guo)先(xian)進(jin)電(dian)池(chi)聯合體(usABc)預(yu)言的(de)那(nei)樣：鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)是(shi)成熟(shu)的(de)，但(dan)其性能提高(gao)的(de)潛力有(you)(you)限，氫鎳電(dian)池(chi)是(shi)一(yi)種較好的(de)中期解決方(fang)案，而鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)則是(shi)未來(lai)的(de)希(xi)望。

     2、電(dian)池應用技術

     1967年由美國科學家J．A．Mas提出了蓄電池充電器的麥氏三定律，從而奠定了電池充電器的理論基礎。以(yi)此為基礎，人們建立了(le)脈沖去極化(hua)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)，其(qi)核(he)心思想是在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中適時地加(jia)入放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖，消(xiao)除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的極化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。實踐(jian)證明：與(yu)傳統(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)相比，采(cai)用脈沖去極化(hua)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)不但可(ke)(ke)以(yi)實現快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)而且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池循(xun)環壽命會延長。因此，脈沖去極化(hua)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)成為快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術的主流方(fang)式(shi)。美(mei)國(guo)、英國(guo)、加(jia)拿(na)大(da)等國(guo)家在(zai)(zai)20世紀80年代初就研制出了(le)由微機控制的，可(ke)(ke)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)提(ti)供(gong)應急充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務的公用充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站。雖然目前還沒有關于超(chao)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的行(xing)業標準(zhun)，但公認的準(zhun)則(ze)是在(zai)(zai)15min內(nei)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)他補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)30％-50％的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，30min內(nei)補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)80％的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)760min內(nei)完全充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。例如：加(jia)拿(na)大(da)Norvik。

     Traction的(de)快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，最大(da)輸出功(gong)率150kW，可以同時給(gei)6個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，15min內給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)補充(chong)(chong)50％的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，其(qi)價格約(yue)10萬美元(yuan)。目前(qian)我國(guo)還沒有實用化的(de)公用充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行(xing)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)配套(tao)使用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器以家用夜(ye)充(chong)(chong)型為(wei)主，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)8-10h，快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)2-4h。

     電池電量檢測和電池能量管理系統是繼電池充電器充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術之后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應用(yong)中(zhong)的(de)另(ling)兩個主要(yao)問題。車(che)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)員檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)系(xi)(xi)統既有傳統燃油汽車(che)的(de)油量計作用(yong)，又有防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過充(chong)、過放的(de)監測(ce)(ce)環節。用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)車(che)輛(liang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)能(neng)量管理系(xi)(xi)統的(de)作用(yong)有：(1)對車(che)載用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統進行管制，達到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)合理分配使用(yong)，最終實(shi)現節能(neng)目(mu)的(de)；(2)監控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)工作狀(zhuang)態(tai)，防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過充(chong)、過放，及時發(fa)現嚴重損(sun)壞(huai)的(de)單(dan)元(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，并采取應急(ji)措施(shi)防(fang)止故障擴大；(3)記錄(lu)無放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)數據，實(shi)現優化(hua)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

     國內外電動自行車

     性能(neng)比較

     電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)是(shi)全(quan)世(shi)界電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輛工(gong)業中(zhong)發(fa)展(zhan)最快的(de)(de)(de)。目(mu)前，日本的(de)(de)(de)松下(xia)、三(san)菱重(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)、雅馬哈、本田，德國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)奔馳、大眾，美(mei)(mei)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)艾科卡等已致力(li)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)規模(mo)化生產(chan)。其產(chan)品以助(zhu)力(li)型(power asistant system，簡稱PAs)為(wei)主(zhu)，pas的(de)(de)(de)特點是(shi)把人(ren)(ren)力(li)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能在不需要(yao)特殊操作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)巧(qiao)妙地結合起來：當車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)速(su)(su)小于20km／h的(de)(de)(de)，助(zhu)力(li)比為(wei)1：1；車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)速(su)(su)大于20km／h時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輛依靠人(ren)(ren)力(li)騎行(xing)(xing)。顯(xian)然(ran)助(zhu)力(li)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)不在于提(ti)高(gao)速(su)(su)度(du)，而(er)是(shi)在保證安全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下(xia)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)減小騎行(xing)(xing)負(fu)荷達到節約騎車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)人(ren)(ren)體力(li)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。我國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)以全(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)型為(wei)主(zhu)，其主(zhu)要(yao)參數為(wei)最高(gao)時速(su)(su)20km/h、工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)24v/36v，一次(ci)無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)續(xu)駛里程(cheng)40-55km，整車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)35-38kg，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機功(gong)率(lv)130-180W，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機普遍(bian)采用永磁無(wu)刷直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，其控制器選用功(gong)率(lv)MosFET為(wei)主(zhu)開關管，具有(you)限流(liu)、欠壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機過(guo)(guo)熱和剎車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等保護(hu)功(gong)能。縱(zong)觀國(guo)內外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)情(qing)況，就電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)自(zi)(zi)身而(er)言，國(guo)產(chan)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)、進口車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)并(bing)無(wu)明顯(xian)差距，但國(guo)產(chan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)有(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)格(ge)優勢，一般在人(ren)(ren)民(min)幣3000-4000元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)/輛，而(er)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)達到1800美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)/輛，歐洲達2000美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)/輛，日本650-1500美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)/輛。

     我國電(dian)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車產業的發展(zhan)有(you)別于其(qi)它家電(dian)行(xing)業，它一開始就(jiu)在走國產化(hua)的道(dao)路(lu)。中國的電(dian)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車有(you)著(zhu)光(guang)明的市(shi)場前景。相信隨著(zhu)電(dian)池儲能技術的改進和應用(yong)水平的提高(gao)，電(dian)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車一定能成為城市(shi)綠(lv)色代步工具(ju)。