現代電動自行車是融合電力電子、機械、控制、材料以及化工等領域各種新技術的綜合產品。我國電動自行車發展的總體目標是生產出在性能和價格上都能媲美于燃油助動車的適合于城市交通的綠色輕便代步工具。實現這一目標的關鍵在于開發高性能、低成本、安全可靠的動力蓄電池。盡管目前電池儲能技術還沒有得到相應的發展。但新型蓄電池如氫鎳電池、鋰電池、鋅―空氣電池和燃料電池的問世和快速電池充電器技術的(de)發明，為電動自行車(che)最終取代燃油(you)助動車(che)提供了樂觀的(de)保證。

     電氣傳動系統

     1、電動自(zi)行(xing)車對電氣傳動系統(tong)的要(yao)求

     電氣傳動系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)電動自行(xing)(xing)(xing)車的驅動和(he)控制(zhi)中心(xin)，其(qi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)結(jie)(jie)構如圖1所示(shi)。對其(qi)要求是(shi)：結(jie)(jie)構簡單，外形尺寸小，重量輕，效率(lv)高，免維(wei)護或少維(wei)護。電動自行(xing)(xing)(xing)車的電機應具有高功率(lv)密度和(he)圖2所示(shi)的矩(ju)―轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)特性(xing)：基速(su)以下大轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)，適應車輛(liang)負荷爬坡、頻繁(fan)起制(zhi)動等要求；基速(su)以上(shang)小轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)、恒功率(lv)，保證車輛(liang)在平坦路面上(shang)快速(su)騎行(xing)(xing)(xing)。同(tong)時，電機在整(zheng)個轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)―轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)范圍內應保持高效率(lv)，以謀求電池(chi)一次充電后的續駛里(li)程盡可(ke)能(neng)長。2、無(wu)刷直流(liu)電機的控制(zhi)規律

     無刷(shua)(shua)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)具有(you)很(hen)高的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量密度，其(qi)體(ti)積僅為相同(tong)功率普通直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)50％，且(qie)重(zhong)量輕(qing)、效(xiao)率高。用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)永(yong)磁(ci)無刷(shua)(shua)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)有(you)兩類(lei)：內轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)和(he)外轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)，其(qi)中外轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)更(geng)適合構成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪毅，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)中有(you)較多應用(yong)(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)主要(yao)在(zai)(zai)市區騎行(xing)(xing)，車(che)(che)(che)速不(bu)高，并且(qie)起(qi)、停(ting)頻繁(fan)，因此(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)普遍(bian)采用(yong)(yong)多極(ji)三(san)相結(jie)構。控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)為雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)DC／AC變(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)，車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)進時，變(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)工(gong)作在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)況；車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時，變(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)工(gong)作在(zai)(zai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)況，實現再(zai)生制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，將(jiang)機(ji)(ji)械能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)反饋回蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。圖3是(shi)由變(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)位置檢測器(qi)(qi)和(he)永(yong)磁(ci)同(tong)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)構成(cheng)的(de)(de)永(yong)磁(ci)無刷(shua)(shua)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)原理圖。其(qi)中變(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞繞組提供(gong)雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通路(lu)，Ui的(de)(de)大小和(he)極(ji)性(xing)決定(ding)了驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩的(de)(de)數值(zhi)和(he)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)，即車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)是(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)進還(huan)是(shi)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)負(fu)反饋保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩跟隨給定(ding)指令(ling)Ui變(bian)化，可有(you)效(xiao)地(di)提高車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)可控性(xing)。限于目前(qian)(qian)(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)儲能(neng)(neng)水(shui)平(ping)，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)上采用(yong)(yong)再(zai)生制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)技術(shu)是(shi)增加(jia)一次(ci)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)續駛(shi)里程的(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)方(fang)法。該(gai)技術(shu)目前(qian)(qian)(qian)還(huan)處于研究(jiu)開發(fa)階(jie)段。

     3、減(jian)速系統(tong)的作用

     對(dui)于(yu)相同(tong)功率的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，額定(ding)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)越(yue)高(gao)，其額定(ding)轉(zhuan)矩和(he)對(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就越(yue)小，減(jian)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)銅耗和(he)渦流(liu)(liu)損耗，提(ti)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)效率。采(cai)用(yong)配(pei)有減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)裝置的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣傳(chuan)動(dong)系(xi)統，可改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)低速(su)(su)(su)動(dong)力性能，保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)始(shi)終工作(zuo)在高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)、高(gao)效狀態(tai)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)處于(yu)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)最佳工況，帶有減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)是(shi)將機(ji)械減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)裝置和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)合成一體化的(de)(de)(de)含油電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)輪(lun)毅(yi)。直接車(che)輪(lun)驅動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)車(che)采(cai)用(yong)低速(su)(su)(su)大(da)轉(zhuan)矩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，車(che)輛低速(su)(su)(su)前行(xing)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)增大(da)，效率降低；蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大(da)，直接影響蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命。但直接車(che)輪(lun)驅動(dong)方式結構簡單，價格(ge)便宜，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)車(che)上被(bei)廣泛采(cai)用(yong)。　

     蓄(xu)電池及其(qi)應(ying)用技術

     1、蓄電池

     蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)及其應用水平始終是制約包括(kuo)電(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)在內的(de)電(dian)(dian)動車(che)輛進步(bu)的(de)瓶頸。世界各主要(yao)工業國家紛紛投(tou)入(ru)巨(ju)大的(de)人力、物力、財力開發高能量、低價(jia)格的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，日前已達到實用程(cheng)度的(de)新(xin)型蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)性(xing)能比較見表一(yi)。

     鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不適合大功率(lv)(lv)連(lian)續放電(dian)(dian)，成組一致性(xing)差，深度循環會降(jiang)低能(neng)量(liang)轉換率(lv)(lv)和縮短(duan)使用(yong)壽命，但它(ta)的(de)價格優勢是(shi)無(wu)可辯駁的(de)。并且改進后的(de)免維護全密封閥控式鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，其比能(neng)量(liang)、比功率(lv)(lv)、快速充電(dian)(dian)性(xing)能(neng)等指(zhi)標均較傳(chuan)統的(de)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)有(you)大幅度提高，因此鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)仍是(shi)我國(guo)電(dian)(dian)動自行車目前的(de)首選動力源。

     電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的主要要求是；高(gao)能量密度(du)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)有(you)(you)較(jiao)長(chang)的一次充電(dian)(dian)(dian)續駛里(li)程；高(gao)功率密度(du)，賦予電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)良好的起動、加速、爬坡性(xing)能；長(chang)壽命，可有(you)(you)效降低

表一：

特? 性

鉛酸型電池

?鎘鎳電池

?氫鎳電池

鋰離子電池

比能量(liang)/Wh.kg-1

35

55

60

120

能量密(mi)度/Wh.L-1

65

85

140

250

單元電壓/V?

2.0

1.2

1.2

3.7

放電曲線

平坦

平坦

平坦

平坦

循環壽命/次

150~140

500~1000

500~1000

?600~1000

月自放電率/%

6

15

25

5

制造成本/（美元/kWh）

75-150

100-200??

230-500

120-200

記憶效應??

?有

?有

無

無

環境保護

有污染

有污染

?無污染

?無污染

安全性

安全

安全

安全

潛在問題

研制生產情況

生產中

生產中

生產中

實驗中

     車輛(liang)的運行成(cheng)本。目前還沒有(you)一種蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)能夠全面滿足上述要(yao)求(qiu)，但(dan)近年來突飛猛(meng)進(jin)的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)制造(zao)技(ji)術向人們推出了各(ge)具特色的新型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，如：比能量80Wh/kg、比功率(lv)100W／kg的鈉硫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，重量輕、功率(lv)密度大的鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，可(ke)以“再生”方式置換(huan)陽(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的鋅―空氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，以及(ji)能量轉換(huan)效率(lv)高達80％的燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。這(zhe)些新型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的出現打破了鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)一統天下的格(ge)局，正如美國先進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)聯合體(usABc)預言的那樣：鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)成(cheng)熟(shu)的，但(dan)其性能提高的潛力有(you)限，氫(qing)鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)一種較(jiao)好的中(zhong)期解決方案，而鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)則是(shi)未來的希望。

     2、電池(chi)應用(yong)技術

     1967年由美國科學家J．A．Mas提出了蓄電池充電器的麥氏三定律，從而奠定了電池充電器的(de)理論基(ji)礎(chu)。以此為基(ji)礎(chu)，人們(men)建立(li)了(le)脈(mo)沖(chong)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua)(hua)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，其核心思想是(shi)在電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)前(qian)和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程中適時(shi)地加入(ru)放電(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)，消除電(dian)池的(de)極(ji)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)壓。實踐證(zheng)明：與傳統(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)相比，采用(yong)(yong)脈(mo)沖(chong)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua)(hua)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)不但可(ke)以實現快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)而(er)且電(dian)池循環壽命會(hui)延長(chang)。因此，脈(mo)沖(chong)去(qu)極(ji)化(hua)(hua)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)成為快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)技術的(de)主流(liu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)。美國、英國、加拿大等(deng)國家(jia)在20世紀80年(nian)代初就研制出了(le)由(you)微機控制的(de)，可(ke)向(xiang)電(dian)動(dong)自行車、電(dian)動(dong)汽車提供應急充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)服務的(de)公(gong)用(yong)(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)站。雖然目前(qian)還沒有關于超(chao)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)行業標準，但公(gong)認的(de)準則是(shi)在15min內(nei)向(xiang)電(dian)他補充(chong)(chong)(chong)30％-50％的(de)電(dian)量(liang)，30min內(nei)補充(chong)(chong)(chong)80％的(de)電(dian)量(liang)760min內(nei)完(wan)全充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。例(li)如(ru)：加拿大Norvik。

     Traction的(de)(de)快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)機，最大(da)輸出功率150kW，可以(yi)同時給(gei)(gei)6個電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，15min內給(gei)(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池補充50％的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，其價格約10萬美元。目前(qian)我(wo)國還沒(mei)有實用(yong)(yong)化(hua)的(de)(de)公用(yong)(yong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，與電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車電(dian)(dian)(dian)池配套使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器以(yi)家用(yong)(yong)夜充型為主，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間8-10h，快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間2-4h。

     電池電量檢測和電池能量管理系統是繼電池充電器充電(dian)(dian)技術(shu)之后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)應用(yong)(yong)中的(de)(de)另兩個主要問題。車(che)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)員(yuan)檢(jian)測系統既有傳統燃油汽車(che)的(de)(de)油量計(ji)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，又(you)有防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)過(guo)充、過(guo)放(fang)的(de)(de)監(jian)測環節。用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)動車(che)車(che)輛的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)能量管理(li)系統的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)有：(1)對車(che)載(zai)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)系統進行管制，達到電(dian)(dian)能合理(li)分(fen)配使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，最終實現節能目的(de)(de)；(2)監(jian)控電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)狀態，防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)過(guo)充、過(guo)放(fang)，及(ji)時發現嚴重損壞的(de)(de)單元電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，并采取應急措施防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故障(zhang)擴大；(3)記錄無放(fang)電(dian)(dian)數據(ju)，實現優化充電(dian)(dian)。

     國內外電動自行車

     性(xing)能比(bi)較

     電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)是(shi)(shi)全世界電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)輛工(gong)業中(zhong)發(fa)展最(zui)(zui)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。目前，日(ri)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松下、三(san)菱(ling)重(zhong)工(gong)、雅馬哈、本田，德(de)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)奔(ben)馳、大眾，美國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)艾科卡等已致力(li)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規模化(hua)生產(chan)(chan)。其產(chan)(chan)品以助(zhu)力(li)型(power asistant system，簡稱(cheng)PAs)為(wei)主，pas的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點是(shi)(shi)把人(ren)力(li)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能在(zai)不需(xu)要(yao)特殊操作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下巧(qiao)妙地(di)結合起來：當車(che)(che)速小于(yu)20km／h的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，助(zhu)力(li)比為(wei)1：1；車(che)(che)速大于(yu)20km／h時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，車(che)(che)輛依(yi)靠人(ren)力(li)騎(qi)(qi)行(xing)。顯然助(zhu)力(li)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不在(zai)于(yu)提高(gao)速度，而是(shi)(shi)在(zai)保證安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下通過減小騎(qi)(qi)行(xing)負(fu)荷達(da)到(dao)節約騎(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)人(ren)體力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)以全電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)型為(wei)主，其主要(yao)參(can)數為(wei)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)時(shi)速20km/h、工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓24v/36v，一次(ci)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)續駛里程40-55km，整車(che)(che)重(zhong)量35-38kg，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)功率(lv)130-180W，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)普遍采用永磁無刷直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，其控制器選用功率(lv)MosFET為(wei)主開(kai)關管(guan)，具有(you)限流(liu)、欠壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)過熱和剎車(che)(che)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等保護功能。縱觀國內外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展情況，就電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)自(zi)(zi)身而言，國產(chan)(chan)車(che)(che)、進口車(che)(che)并無明(ming)顯差距，但(dan)國產(chan)(chan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)有(you)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價格優(you)勢，一般(ban)在(zai)人(ren)民幣3000-4000元/輛，而美國達(da)到(dao)1800美元/輛，歐洲達(da)2000美元/輛，日(ri)本650-1500美元/輛。

     我國電(dian)動自(zi)行車產(chan)(chan)業的(de)發展有別于其它家電(dian)行業，它一開始就在走國產(chan)(chan)化的(de)道(dao)路。中國的(de)電(dian)動自(zi)行車有著光(guang)明的(de)市(shi)場前景(jing)。相信隨著電(dian)池儲(chu)能技術(shu)的(de)改進和應(ying)用水平的(de)提高，電(dian)動自(zi)行車一定能成為城市(shi)綠色代(dai)步(bu)工具。