現代電動自行車是融合電力電子、機械、控制、材料以及化工等領域各種新技術的綜合產品。我國電動自行車發展的總體目標是生產出在性能和價格上都能媲美于燃油助動車的適合于城市交通的綠色輕便代步工具。實現這一目標的關鍵在于開發高性能、低成本、安全可靠的動力蓄電池。盡管目前電池儲能技術還沒有得到相應的發展。但新型蓄電池如氫鎳電池、鋰電池、鋅―空氣電池和燃料電池的問世和快速電池充電器技(ji)術(shu)的發(fa)明，為電動自行車最終取代燃油助動車提供(gong)了樂觀的保證。

     電氣傳(chuan)動系統(tong)

     1、電動(dong)自行車對電氣傳動(dong)系統的(de)要(yao)求

     電(dian)氣傳動系統(tong)是(shi)電(dian)動自行(xing)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)動和控(kong)制(zhi)中心(xin)，其系統(tong)結(jie)構如(ru)圖1所示。對其要求(qiu)是(shi)：結(jie)構簡單(dan)，外(wai)形尺寸小，重量輕(qing)，效率高(gao)(gao)(gao)，免維(wei)護或(huo)少維(wei)護。電(dian)動自行(xing)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)機應(ying)具有高(gao)(gao)(gao)功率密度(du)和圖2所示的(de)(de)(de)矩(ju)―轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)特性：基速(su)以(yi)下大轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)，適應(ying)車(che)輛負荷爬坡、頻繁(fan)起制(zhi)動等(deng)要求(qiu)；基速(su)以(yi)上(shang)小轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)、恒功率，保(bao)證車(che)輛在平坦路面(mian)上(shang)快速(su)騎行(xing)。同(tong)時，電(dian)機在整個轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)―轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)運行(xing)范圍(wei)內應(ying)保(bao)持高(gao)(gao)(gao)效率，以(yi)謀求(qiu)電(dian)池一次(ci)充電(dian)后的(de)(de)(de)續駛里程盡可能長。2、無刷(shua)直流電(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)規律(lv)

     無(wu)刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)具(ju)有(you)很高的(de)(de)能(neng)量密(mi)度，其體積僅為相同(tong)功率普通直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)50％，且重量輕、效(xiao)率高。用于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)的(de)(de)永磁無(wu)刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)兩(liang)類：內(nei)轉(zhuan)子(zi)和外轉(zhuan)子(zi)，其中外轉(zhuan)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)更適合構成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪毅，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)中有(you)較(jiao)多應用。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)主(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)(zai)市(shi)區騎行(xing)(xing)，車(che)速不(bu)高，并且起、停頻(pin)繁，因此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)普遍采用多極三(san)相結構。控(kong)(kong)(kong)制器為雙(shuang)向(xiang)DC／AC變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器，車(che)輛(liang)(liang)前(qian)進時，變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器控(kong)(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工況；車(che)輛(liang)(liang)制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時，變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器控(kong)(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)在(zai)(zai)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工況，實(shi)現再(zai)生制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，將機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)轉(zhuan)換成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)反饋回蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。圖3是(shi)(shi)由變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器、轉(zhuan)子(zi)位置檢測器和永磁同(tong)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構成的(de)(de)永磁無(wu)刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)原理(li)圖。其中變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)繞組提(ti)供雙(shuang)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通路，Ui的(de)(de)大小和極性(xing)決定了驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)的(de)(de)數值和方向(xiang)，即車(che)輛(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)前(qian)進還是(shi)(shi)制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)負反饋保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁轉(zhuan)矩(ju)跟隨給定指(zhi)令Ui變(bian)(bian)化，可有(you)效(xiao)地提(ti)高車(che)輛(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)可控(kong)(kong)(kong)性(xing)。限于(yu)目前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)儲能(neng)水平，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)上采用再(zai)生制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)技術是(shi)(shi)增加(jia)一次充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)續駛(shi)里程的(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)方法。該技術目前(qian)還處于(yu)研究開發階(jie)段(duan)。

     3、減速系統的作用

     對于(yu)(yu)相同功(gong)率的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，額定轉(zhuan)速(su)越高(gao)，其額定轉(zhuan)矩和(he)對應的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就越小(xiao)，減小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可(ke)降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的銅耗(hao)(hao)和(he)渦流(liu)損耗(hao)(hao)，提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)率。采用(yong)配有減速(su)裝置的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統，可(ke)改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車的低(di)速(su)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力性能，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)始終工作在高(gao)速(su)、高(gao)效(xiao)狀(zhuang)態，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池處于(yu)(yu)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的最(zui)佳(jia)工況，帶有減速(su)系統的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是將機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)減速(su)裝置和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)合成一體化的含油電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)輪毅。直(zhi)接車輪驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車采用(yong)低(di)速(su)大(da)轉(zhuan)矩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，車輛(liang)低(di)速(su)前行(xing)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)增(zeng)大(da)，效(xiao)率降低(di)；蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)，直(zhi)接影(ying)響蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用(yong)壽命。但直(zhi)接車輪驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)方式結(jie)構簡(jian)單(dan)，價格(ge)便(bian)宜，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車上被廣泛采用(yong)。　

     蓄電池及(ji)其應(ying)用技術(shu)

     1、蓄電池

     蓄電(dian)(dian)池及其(qi)應用(yong)水平始(shi)終是制約包括電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車在內的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車輛進步的(de)瓶頸。世界各(ge)主要工(gong)業(ye)國家(jia)紛紛投入巨大的(de)人(ren)力(li)、物(wu)力(li)、財力(li)開發高能(neng)量、低價格(ge)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池，日(ri)前已達到(dao)實用(yong)程(cheng)度的(de)新型蓄電(dian)(dian)池性能(neng)比較見(jian)表一。

     鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池不適合(he)大功率連續放電(dian)(dian)，成組(zu)一致性差(cha)，深度循環會降低能量轉換率和縮短使用壽命，但它的(de)價格優勢是無(wu)可辯駁的(de)。并(bing)且改(gai)進后(hou)的(de)免維護全密封(feng)閥控式鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池，其比(bi)能量、比(bi)功率、快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)性能等(deng)指(zhi)標均(jun)較傳統的(de)鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池有(you)大幅度提高，因此鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池仍是我國電(dian)(dian)動自行車目前的(de)首(shou)選動力(li)源(yuan)。

     電(dian)動(dong)車對(dui)蓄電(dian)池的(de)主要要求是；高(gao)能量密度，使電(dian)動(dong)車有較長(chang)(chang)的(de)一次充電(dian)續駛里程；高(gao)功率(lv)密度，賦予電(dian)動(dong)車良(liang)好的(de)起動(dong)、加速、爬坡(po)性能；長(chang)(chang)壽(shou)命，可(ke)有效降(jiang)低(di)

表一：

特? 性

鉛酸型電池

?鎘鎳電池

?氫鎳電池

鋰離子電池

比能(neng)量/Wh.kg-1

35

55

60

120

能量密度/Wh.L-1

65

85

140

250

單元電壓/V?

2.0

1.2

1.2

3.7

放電曲線

平坦

平坦

平坦

平坦

循環壽命/次

150~140

500~1000

500~1000

?600~1000

月自放電率/%

6

15

25

5

制造成(cheng)本/（美元/kWh）

75-150

100-200??

230-500

120-200

記憶效應??

?有

?有

無

無

環境保護

有污染

有污染

?無污染

?無污染

安全性

安全

安全

安全

潛在問題

研制生產情況

生產中

生產中

生產中

實驗中

     車輛的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行成本。目前(qian)還(huan)沒有(you)一(yi)種蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)能(neng)夠全面滿足上述要求，但(dan)近年(nian)來(lai)(lai)突飛猛進的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)制造技術向(xiang)人們推(tui)出了(le)各具特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，如：比能(neng)量(liang)80Wh/kg、比功(gong)率100W／kg的(de)(de)(de)(de)鈉硫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，重(zhong)量(liang)輕、功(gong)率密度大的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，可以“再生”方(fang)式(shi)置換陽(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋅―空氣電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，以及能(neng)量(liang)轉換效率高(gao)達80％的(de)(de)(de)(de)燃料電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。這些新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出現打破了(le)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)統天下的(de)(de)(de)(de)格(ge)局，正如美國先進電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)聯合(he)體(usABc)預言的(de)(de)(de)(de)那樣：鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是成熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)，但(dan)其(qi)性能(neng)提高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)潛力(li)有(you)限，氫鎳電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是一(yi)種較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中期解決方(fang)案(an)，而鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)則是未來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)希(xi)望。

     2、電池應用技(ji)術

     1967年由美國科學家J．A．Mas提出了蓄電池充電器的麥氏三定律，從而奠定了電池充電器的(de)(de)理論基礎。以(yi)此為基礎，人們建立了脈沖去極(ji)化充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，其核心思想(xiang)是在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中適時(shi)地加入(ru)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖，消(xiao)除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)極(ji)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。實踐證明(ming)：與傳(chuan)統充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式相比，采(cai)用(yong)脈沖去極(ji)化充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式不但可(ke)以(yi)實現快充(chong)(chong)(chong)而且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)循環壽命會(hui)延長。因此，脈沖去極(ji)化充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式成為快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術的(de)(de)主流方式。美國、英國、加拿(na)大(da)等國家在(zai)20世紀80年代(dai)初就研制出了由微機控制的(de)(de)，可(ke)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)提供應急充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務(wu)的(de)(de)公用(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。雖(sui)然目前還(huan)沒(mei)有關(guan)于超快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)行業(ye)標準(zhun)，但公認的(de)(de)準(zhun)則是在(zai)15min內向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)他(ta)補充(chong)(chong)(chong)30％-50％的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，30min內補充(chong)(chong)(chong)80％的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)760min內完全(quan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。例如：加拿(na)大(da)Norvik。

     Traction的(de)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機，最大輸出功率150kW，可以同時(shi)給(gei)6個(ge)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，15min內(nei)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)補充(chong)(chong)50％的(de)電(dian)(dian)量，其價格約(yue)10萬美元。目前我國(guo)還(huan)沒有實(shi)用化(hua)的(de)公用充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，與電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)配(pei)套使(shi)用的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器以家用夜充(chong)(chong)型為(wei)主，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間8-10h，快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間2-4h。

     電池電量檢測和電池能量管理系統是繼電池充電器充電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術之后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)應(ying)用(yong)中的(de)另兩個主要問(wen)題。車(che)載電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)員檢(jian)測系統既有(you)傳(chuan)統燃油汽車(che)的(de)油量計作(zuo)用(yong)，又有(you)防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)(guo)充、過(guo)(guo)放的(de)監(jian)測環節。用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)動車(che)車(che)輛的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)能(neng)量管理系統的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)有(you)：(1)對(dui)車(che)載用(yong)電(dian)(dian)系統進(jin)行管制(zhi)，達到電(dian)(dian)能(neng)合理分配(pei)使用(yong)，最終實(shi)現(xian)節能(neng)目的(de)；(2)監(jian)控電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)工作(zuo)狀態(tai)，防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)(guo)充、過(guo)(guo)放，及時發現(xian)嚴重損壞的(de)單元電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，并(bing)采取應(ying)急措施防(fang)止故(gu)障擴大；(3)記(ji)錄(lu)無放電(dian)(dian)數據，實(shi)現(xian)優化充電(dian)(dian)。

     國(guo)內(nei)外電動自(zi)行車

     性(xing)能比較(jiao)

     電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)是全(quan)世界電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輛工業中發展(zhan)最快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。目(mu)前，日(ri)(ri)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松下(xia)、三菱重(zhong)工、雅馬哈、本(ben)田，德國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)奔馳、大(da)眾，美(mei)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)艾科卡等已致力(li)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規模化生產(chan)。其產(chan)品以助(zhu)力(li)型(xing)(power asistant system，簡(jian)稱PAs)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，pas的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點是把人力(li)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)在不(bu)需(xu)要特(te)殊操作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)巧妙地結合起來：當(dang)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)速小于(yu)20km／h的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，助(zhu)力(li)比為(wei)(wei)(wei)1：1；車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)速大(da)于(yu)20km／h時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輛依(yi)靠人力(li)騎(qi)行(xing)。顯(xian)然助(zhu)力(li)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)在于(yu)提(ti)高(gao)速度，而(er)是在保證安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下(xia)通過減小騎(qi)行(xing)負荷達(da)到(dao)節約(yue)騎(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)人體力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)以全(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)型(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，其主(zhu)要參數為(wei)(wei)(wei)最高(gao)時(shi)(shi)速20km/h、工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓24v/36v，一(yi)次無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)續駛(shi)里程40-55km，整車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)重(zhong)量35-38kg，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)功(gong)率(lv)130-180W，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)普(pu)遍采用永磁無刷直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，其控制器選用功(gong)率(lv)MosFET為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)開關(guan)管(guan)，具(ju)有(you)限(xian)流、欠壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)過熱和(he)剎車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等保護功(gong)能(neng)。縱觀國(guo)(guo)內外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)情(qing)況，就電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)自(zi)(zi)身而(er)言，國(guo)(guo)產(chan)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)、進口車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)并無明顯(xian)差距，但國(guo)(guo)產(chan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)有(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價格(ge)優勢，一(yi)般(ban)在人民幣3000-4000元/輛，而(er)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)達(da)到(dao)1800美(mei)元/輛，歐洲達(da)2000美(mei)元/輛，日(ri)(ri)本(ben)650-1500美(mei)元/輛。

     我國(guo)電(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)車(che)產(chan)業的(de)發展有別于其它家電(dian)行(xing)業，它一(yi)(yi)開(kai)始就(jiu)在走國(guo)產(chan)化的(de)道路。中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)電(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)車(che)有著光(guang)明的(de)市場(chang)前景。相信隨著電(dian)池儲能技術的(de)改進(jin)和應用水(shui)平的(de)提高，電(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)車(che)一(yi)(yi)定能成為(wei)城市綠色代步工具。