現代電動自行車是融合電力電子、機械、控制、材料以及化工等領域各種新技術的綜合產品。我國電動自行車發展的總體目標是生產出在性能和價格上都能媲美于燃油助動車的適合于城市交通的綠色輕便代步工具。實現這一目標的關鍵在于開發高性能、低成本、安全可靠的動力蓄電池。盡管目前電池儲能技術還沒有得到相應的發展。但新型蓄電池如氫鎳電池、鋰電池、鋅―空氣電池和燃料電池的問世和快速電池充電器技術的發(fa)明，為電動自行車(che)最終取代(dai)燃油助動車(che)提(ti)供了樂觀的保證。

     電氣傳動系統

     1、電動自(zi)行(xing)車對電氣(qi)傳動系統(tong)的要求

     電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)系統是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車的(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)和(he)控(kong)制中心(xin)，其系統結構(gou)如(ru)圖(tu)1所(suo)示(shi)。對(dui)其要求(qiu)是(shi)(shi)：結構(gou)簡單(dan)，外(wai)形(xing)尺寸小(xiao)，重量(liang)輕，效率(lv)(lv)高，免維(wei)護或少維(wei)護。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)應(ying)具(ju)有高功(gong)率(lv)(lv)密度和(he)圖(tu)2所(suo)示(shi)的(de)矩(ju)―轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)特性(xing)：基速(su)(su)以(yi)下大(da)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)，適應(ying)車輛負荷爬坡(po)、頻(pin)繁(fan)起(qi)制動(dong)(dong)等要求(qiu)；基速(su)(su)以(yi)上小(xiao)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)、恒功(gong)率(lv)(lv)，保證車輛在平坦路面上快(kuai)速(su)(su)騎行。同時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)在整(zheng)個(ge)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)―轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)運行范(fan)圍內(nei)應(ying)保持高效率(lv)(lv)，以(yi)謀求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池一次(ci)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)后的(de)續駛里程(cheng)盡可能長(chang)。2、無刷直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)控(kong)制規律

     無(wu)刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)具有(you)很高的能(neng)量密度(du)，其(qi)體(ti)積(ji)僅(jin)為相同功率普通直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的50％，且重量輕、效率高。用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)行車(che)的永磁(ci)無(wu)刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)兩(liang)類：內轉(zhuan)子和(he)外轉(zhuan)子，其(qi)中(zhong)外轉(zhuan)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)更適合構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)輪毅，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)行車(che)中(zhong)有(you)較多應用(yong)(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)行車(che)主(zhu)要在(zai)市區騎(qi)行，車(che)速不高，并且起、停頻繁，因(yin)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)普遍(bian)采用(yong)(yong)多極(ji)(ji)三(san)相結構(gou)(gou)。控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)為雙(shuang)向DC／AC變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)，車(che)輛(liang)(liang)前(qian)進時，變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)況(kuang)；車(che)輛(liang)(liang)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)時，變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作在(zai)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)況(kuang)，實(shi)現再(zai)生制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)，將機(ji)(ji)(ji)械能(neng)轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)反(fan)饋回蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。圖3是(shi)由變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)、轉(zhuan)子位置(zhi)檢測(ce)器(qi)和(he)永磁(ci)同步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)的永磁(ci)無(wu)刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)原理圖。其(qi)中(zhong)變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞繞(rao)組提供(gong)雙(shuang)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通路，Ui的大(da)小(xiao)和(he)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)決定(ding)(ding)了驅動(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)矩的數值和(he)方向，即(ji)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)是(shi)前(qian)進還(huan)是(shi)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)負反(fan)饋保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)轉(zhuan)矩跟隨(sui)給定(ding)(ding)指令Ui變(bian)化(hua)，可有(you)效地提高車(che)輛(liang)(liang)的運動(dong)(dong)可控(kong)性(xing)。限(xian)于目前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的儲能(neng)水平，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)行車(che)上采用(yong)(yong)再(zai)生制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)技(ji)術是(shi)增加一(yi)次充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)續駛(shi)里(li)程的有(you)效方法。該技(ji)術目前(qian)還(huan)處(chu)于研(yan)究開發階段。

     3、減(jian)速系(xi)統的作用(yong)

     對(dui)于(yu)(yu)相(xiang)同功(gong)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，額定(ding)轉速越高(gao)，其額定(ding)轉矩和對(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流就越小(xiao)，減小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流可降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)耗(hao)和渦(wo)流損耗(hao)，提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)效率。采用配有減速裝置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣傳動(dong)(dong)系統(tong)，可改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低速動(dong)(dong)力性(xing)能，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)始終工(gong)作在(zai)高(gao)速、高(gao)效狀態，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池處于(yu)(yu)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳工(gong)況，帶有減速系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)是將(jiang)機(ji)械減速裝置和電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)合成一體(ti)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含油電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)輪毅。直(zhi)接(jie)車輪驅動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車采用低速大(da)轉矩電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，車輛(liang)低速前行時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流增大(da)，效率降低；蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)，直(zhi)接(jie)影響蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命(ming)。但直(zhi)接(jie)車輪驅動(dong)(dong)方式結構簡單，價(jia)格便宜，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車上被廣泛采用。　

     蓄(xu)電池及(ji)其應用技術

     1、蓄電池

     蓄電(dian)池(chi)及其(qi)應用(yong)水平始終是制(zhi)約包括電(dian)動(dong)自行車(che)在內的(de)電(dian)動(dong)車(che)輛進(jin)步的(de)瓶頸。世(shi)界各主(zhu)要工業國(guo)家紛(fen)(fen)紛(fen)(fen)投入巨(ju)大的(de)人(ren)力、物力、財力開(kai)發高能(neng)量、低價格的(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)，日前已達到(dao)實用(yong)程(cheng)度的(de)新型蓄電(dian)池(chi)性能(neng)比較見表一。

     鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)不適合大功率(lv)(lv)連續放電(dian)(dian)，成組一(yi)致性差，深度(du)(du)循環會降低能(neng)量轉換率(lv)(lv)和縮短使用壽命，但它的(de)(de)價格優(you)勢(shi)是無(wu)可辯(bian)駁的(de)(de)。并且改進后的(de)(de)免維護全密(mi)封閥控式鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其比能(neng)量、比功率(lv)(lv)、快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)性能(neng)等指標均(jun)較傳統(tong)的(de)(de)鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)有大幅度(du)(du)提(ti)高，因此(ci)鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)仍是我(wo)國電(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車目(mu)前的(de)(de)首(shou)選動(dong)力源。

     電(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)對(dui)蓄電(dian)池(chi)的主要要求是(shi)；高能(neng)量密度，使電(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)有較長(chang)的一次(ci)充電(dian)續駛里(li)程；高功率密度，賦予(yu)電(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)良好的起(qi)動(dong)、加速、爬(pa)坡性能(neng)；長(chang)壽命，可有效降低

表一：

特? 性

鉛酸型電池

?鎘鎳電池

?氫鎳電池

鋰離子電池

比能量(liang)/Wh.kg-1

35

55

60

120

能量密(mi)度/Wh.L-1

65

85

140

250

單元電壓/V?

2.0

1.2

1.2

3.7

放電曲線

平坦

平坦

平坦

平坦

循環壽命/次

150~140

500~1000

500~1000

?600~1000

月自放電率/%

6

15

25

5

制造成本/（美元/kWh）

75-150

100-200??

230-500

120-200

記憶效應??

?有

?有

無

無

環境保護

有污染

有污染

?無污染

?無污染

安全性

安全

安全

安全

潛在問題

研制生產情況

生產中

生產中

生產中

實驗中

     車輛的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行成本。目前還沒有一(yi)種蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠全(quan)面滿足上(shang)述要求(qiu)，但近年來突(tu)飛猛進的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)制(zhi)造技術(shu)向人(ren)們推出(chu)了各具(ju)特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如：比(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量80Wh/kg、比(bi)(bi)功率(lv)(lv)100W／kg的(de)(de)(de)(de)鈉(na)硫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，重量輕、功率(lv)(lv)密度大的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，可以“再生”方式置換陽極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋅―空氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，以及能(neng)(neng)(neng)量轉換效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)(gao)達80％的(de)(de)(de)(de)燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。這些(xie)新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現打破(po)了鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一(yi)統天下的(de)(de)(de)(de)格局(ju)，正如美(mei)國先進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)聯(lian)合體(usABc)預言的(de)(de)(de)(de)那樣：鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是成熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)，但其性能(neng)(neng)(neng)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)潛力有限，氫鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是一(yi)種較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)中期解決方案，而鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)則是未來的(de)(de)(de)(de)希望。

     2、電池(chi)應用技術

     1967年由美國科學家J．A．Mas提出了蓄電池充電器的麥氏三定律，從而奠定了電池充電器的(de)(de)(de)(de)理論基(ji)礎。以(yi)(yi)此為(wei)基(ji)礎，人們建(jian)立了(le)脈沖去(qu)極(ji)化充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)，其核心思想是在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中適時地加(jia)(jia)入(ru)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖，消(xiao)除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。實(shi)踐證明：與(yu)傳(chuan)統充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)相比，采用脈沖去(qu)極(ji)化充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)不(bu)但可以(yi)(yi)實(shi)現快充(chong)(chong)而且(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)循環壽命會延長。因此，脈沖去(qu)極(ji)化充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)成為(wei)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主流方式(shi)(shi)。美國(guo)、英國(guo)、加(jia)(jia)拿(na)大等國(guo)家在(zai)20世紀80年(nian)代初就(jiu)研制出了(le)由微機(ji)控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)，可向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自(zi)行車、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車提供應急充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務的(de)(de)(de)(de)公用充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站。雖然目前還(huan)沒有(you)關于(yu)超快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行業標準(zhun)，但公認的(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)則是在(zai)15min內向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)他補(bu)充(chong)(chong)30％-50％的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，30min內補(bu)充(chong)(chong)80％的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量760min內完(wan)全充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。例如：加(jia)(jia)拿(na)大Norvik。

     Traction的快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電機，最大輸出功率150kW，可以同時(shi)(shi)給6個電動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電，15min內給電池(chi)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)50％的電量，其價格約10萬美元。目(mu)前我國還沒有實用(yong)化的公用(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電站，與電動(dong)自行車(che)電池(chi)配套使用(yong)的電動(dong)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器(qi)以家用(yong)夜充(chong)(chong)(chong)型為主，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電時(shi)(shi)間8-10h，快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電時(shi)(shi)間2-4h。

     電池電量檢測和電池能量管理系統是繼電池充電器充(chong)電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)之后，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)應用(yong)(yong)中的(de)(de)(de)另兩個主要問題。車(che)載電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)員檢(jian)測系統(tong)既有傳統(tong)燃(ran)油汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)油量計作用(yong)(yong)，又有防止電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)充(chong)、過(guo)放的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)測環節(jie)。用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)動車(che)車(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)能(neng)量管理系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)有：(1)對車(che)載用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)進(jin)行管制，達到電(dian)(dian)能(neng)合理分(fen)配使用(yong)(yong)，最終實現(xian)節(jie)能(neng)目的(de)(de)(de)；(2)監(jian)控(kong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)工作狀態，防止電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)充(chong)、過(guo)放，及時發現(xian)嚴重(zhong)損壞的(de)(de)(de)單元電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，并采取應急措施防止故障擴大(da)；(3)記錄無放電(dian)(dian)數據，實現(xian)優(you)化充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

     國(guo)內外電動自行車

     性能(neng)比較

     電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)(che)(che)是全世(shi)界電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛工(gong)業中發展最(zui)(zui)快的(de)。目前(qian)，日本(ben)(ben)的(de)松(song)下(xia)、三菱重工(gong)、雅馬(ma)哈(ha)、本(ben)(ben)田(tian)，德國的(de)奔馳、大眾，美(mei)國的(de)艾科(ke)卡等(deng)已(yi)致(zhi)力(li)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)規(gui)模化生產。其產品(pin)以助力(li)型(xing)(power asistant system，簡稱PAs)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，pas的(de)特(te)(te)點是把人(ren)(ren)力(li)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能在不需要(yao)(yao)特(te)(te)殊操作的(de)情況下(xia)巧妙地結合起來：當車(che)(che)(che)(che)速小(xiao)于(yu)20km／h的(de)，助力(li)比為(wei)(wei)1：1；車(che)(che)(che)(che)速大于(yu)20km／h時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)切(qie)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛依靠人(ren)(ren)力(li)騎行(xing)。顯然助力(li)系統的(de)目的(de)不在于(yu)提高速度，而是在保(bao)證安全的(de)前(qian)提下(xia)通過減小(xiao)騎行(xing)負荷達到節約騎車(che)(che)(che)(che)人(ren)(ren)體力(li)的(de)目的(de)。我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)(che)(che)以全電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)型(xing)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，其主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)參(can)數為(wei)(wei)最(zui)(zui)高時速20km/h、工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓24v/36v，一次無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)續駛里程40-55km，整車(che)(che)(che)(che)重量35-38kg，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機功率130-180W，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機普(pu)遍采用永磁無刷直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，其控(kong)制器選(xuan)用功率MosFET為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)開關管(guan)，具有(you)限流、欠壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機過熱和剎(cha)車(che)(che)(che)(che)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)保(bao)護(hu)功能。縱觀國內(nei)外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)發展情況，就電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)自(zi)身(shen)而言，國產車(che)(che)(che)(che)、進口車(che)(che)(che)(che)并無明顯差距，但國產電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)(che)(che)(che)有(you)明顯的(de)價格優勢(shi)，一般(ban)在人(ren)(ren)民幣3000-4000元/輛，而美(mei)國達到1800美(mei)元/輛，歐(ou)洲達2000美(mei)元/輛，日本(ben)(ben)650-1500美(mei)元/輛。

     我國(guo)電(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)車產業的(de)(de)發展有(you)(you)別于其它(ta)家電(dian)行(xing)業，它(ta)一(yi)(yi)開始就在走國(guo)產化(hua)的(de)(de)道路。中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)車有(you)(you)著(zhu)光明(ming)的(de)(de)市場前景。相信隨(sui)著(zhu)電(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)能技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)改進和應用水平的(de)(de)提高，電(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)車一(yi)(yi)定能成為城市綠色(se)代步工具。