在鋰離子充電器產品中，手機充電器是(shi)市場(chang)上的(de)主(zhu)流產品。雖然鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)充電(dian)器(qi)市場(chang)被看好，但鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)對充電(dian)器(qi)的(de)要求非常苛刻。設計(ji)生產鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)充電(dian)器(qi)，需要滿足幾大要求。在(zai)鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)充電(dian)器(qi)中，電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)器(qi)芯片(pian)在(zai)系統設計(ji)中扮(ban)演著重要的(de)角色。高性價(jia)比(bi)的(de)芯片(pian)受市場(chang)歡迎(ying)。

　　在手機、個人媒體播放器、數碼相機、導航系統等便攜產品市場的推動下，鋰離子電池充電器市(shi)場的前(qian)景被(bei)業(ye)界廣泛看好。

　　鋰離(li)子充電(dian)器市場巨大

　　根(gen)據(ju)諾基(ji)亞公司的(de)(de)預測(ce)，2008年(nian)全球手機銷售(shou)量將達12億部，比(bi)2007年(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)10%。即使按(an)照每(mei)部手機在(zai)出(chu)廠(chang)時只配一(yi)個(ge)鋰離子充電器(qi)(qi)，該(gai)市(shi)場的(de)(de)需(xu)求也要12億個(ge)之多(duo)(duo)(duo)。根(gen)據(ju)市(shi)場調研公司賽迪顧(gu)問的(de)(de)預測(ce)，2007年(nian)中國MP3銷量達到200多(duo)(duo)(duo)萬(wan)臺，與此(ci)同(tong)時，MP4和MP5等新概念播(bo)放器(qi)(qi)也突破200萬(wan)臺，去年(nian)這兩(liang)個(ge)市(shi)場總(zong)計需(xu)要400多(duo)(duo)(duo)萬(wan)個(ge)鋰離子充電器(qi)(qi)。

　　記者了解到，目前中國是(shi)全球(qiu)鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)最大的生(sheng)產地，去年共計生(sheng)產了5億個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，其(qi)中1億多(duo)個銷售(shou)在(zai)國內，其(qi)余都銷往國外。而內地市場(chang)上(shang)有(you)超過幾百家(jia)的鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)制造商，其(qi)中大多(duo)數為中小型企業，平均每家(jia)廠商的月產能(neng)在(zai)幾十萬個以上(shang)，廣東省聚集了最多(duo)的鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)制造商。

　　在(zai)鋰離子(zi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)產(chan)品(pin)中，手(shou)機充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是市場上的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)流產(chan)品(pin)。崧順國際(ji)有限(xian)(xian)公司研發部技術總監喻德茂向《中國電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)報》記(ji)者介紹(shao)說(shuo)，今(jin)年他們(men)公司主(zhu)(zhu)要設計生產(chan)手(shou)機充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)以及(ji)PDA、MP4、隨(sui)身充等(deng)一些特殊的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。而東莞市石龍(long)富華電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)有限(xian)(xian)公司開發中心經理林俊容則介紹(shao)說(shuo)，今(jin)年他們(men)設計的(de)(de)手(shou)機充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)中，主(zhu)(zhu)要是5V充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)500mA-800mA之間，這些產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)特色(se)包括：安全，環保，節(jie)能，通(tong)用。

　　充電(dian)器要(yao)符合安全環保法規

　　雖(sui)然(ran)鋰離(li)(li)子充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器市場(chang)被看好，但鋰離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)非(fei)常(chang)苛刻(ke)，要(yao)(yao)設計生產鋰離(li)(li)子充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)滿足幾大要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。其中，基(ji)本要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)是充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時要(yao)(yao)保持特定的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，即恒(heng)流(liu)恒(heng)壓方式(shi)，這(zhe)才能保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的安全充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。而且，為有效(xiao)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量，需(xu)將鋰離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，但是過壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)損壞(huai)，這(zhe)就要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)過壓保護。

　　另外，鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)還(huan)增加了其他(ta)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輔助(zhu)功(gong)能，目的(de)(de)(de)是為了改(gai)善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命，簡化(hua)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作，其中包(bao)括給過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用涓流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓檢測，輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流限制(zhi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完成(cheng)后關斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后自動啟動充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等。這些所(suo)有及部(bu)分(fen)(fen)功(gong)能都(dou)可以在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)片(pian)中實現，當然，也可利用ASIC（專用集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路）、分(fen)(fen)立器(qi)件或在微處(chu)理器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上用軟(ruan)件實現。

　　而最近幾年，解決鋰離子充(chong)(chong)電器的靜態(tai)能耗問題也逐步成為(wei)充(chong)(chong)電器設(she)計過程中的一個重要環(huan)節。

　　總體來說，鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)充電(dian)器(qi)在設計(ji)過程中在安(an)全、環保(bao)(bao)和(he)能(neng)耗(hao)上(shang)必需(xu)滿足不同的(de)國(guo)際和(he)國(guo)內標準。東莞市(shi)石龍富華電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)有限公司開發中心經理林俊容(rong)向《中國(guo)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)報》記者介紹說，在安(an)全方面，鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)充電(dian)器(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足國(guo)內3C/GB4943的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，要(yao)(yao)(yao)取得3C認(ren)證(zheng)和(he)TLC認(ren)證(zheng)，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足YD1591規(gui)(gui)定，出口(kou)則要(yao)(yao)(yao)完全符(fu)(fu)合(he)國(guo)際上(shang)IEC60950的(de)安(an)全規(gui)(gui)定和(he)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求；在環保(bao)(bao)方面，鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)充電(dian)器(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)符(fu)(fu)合(he)《電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)信息產品污染(ran)控制(zhi)管理辦法(fa)》，或要(yao)(yao)(yao)符(fu)(fu)合(he)國(guo)際的(de)RoHS要(yao)(yao)(yao)求；在能(neng)耗(hao)方面，鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)充電(dian)器(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足YD/T1591中關(guan)于效率與無(wu)負載能(neng)量消耗(hao)方面的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，或國(guo)際上(shang)的(de)CEC(加州能(neng)源委(wei)員會(hui))及能(neng)源之星(EnergySTar)的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。

　　芯片勝在性價比

　　在(zai)鋰離子(zi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器中，電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器芯(xin)片在(zai)系(xi)統設計(ji)中扮演著(zhu)重要的(de)(de)角色(se)。它是控制(zhi)鋰離子(zi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)狀態的(de)(de)功率器件。目前，市(shi)場上主流的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器芯(xin)片包括(kuo)技(ji)領半導體(ti)(ACT)、美(mei)國超捷半導體(ti)(PI)、意法半導體(ti)(ST)、飛思卡爾(Freescale)、昂(ang)寶(OB)及懷格(ge)有限(xian)公司(IW)等(deng)廠家的(de)(de)芯(xin)片。

　　在(zai)這些主(zhu)流(liu)芯片(pian)中(zhong)，ACT的(de)(de)芯片(pian)單(dan)價(jia)最低，各(ge)種性能都達到了(le)廠(chang)家的(de)(de)要求，因此市(shi)(shi)場(chang)也(ye)(ye)最火。去(qu)年ACT銷售(shou)了(le)1億多個鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)芯片(pian)，中(zhong)國國內的(de)(de)鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)廠(chang)商基(ji)本都有基(ji)于ACT芯片(pian)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)產品(pin)系列。此外，PI和ST的(de)(de)產品(pin)在(zai)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)上的(de)(de)占有率也(ye)(ye)非常(chang)(chang)高。其中(zhong)，PI的(de)(de)產品(pin)性能非常(chang)(chang)好，但價(jia)格也(ye)(ye)非常(chang)(chang)貴，以(yi)前(qian)，外資鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)廠(chang)商大多都采用PI的(de)(de)芯片(pian)。而(er)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)上的(de)(de)主(zhu)流(liu)產品(pin)型號包(bao)括ACT的(de)(de)ACT30和ACT35、ST的(de)(de)VIPER12系列、PI的(de)(de)LNK系列及昂寶的(de)(de)OB系列。

　　崧順國際有限公司研發部技術總監喻德茂向記者介紹說，鋰離子(zi)充電器企業在選擇(ze)芯片(pian)時，要考(kao)慮芯片(pian)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)穩定度，是(shi)(shi)否便于設計生產，價格是(shi)(shi)否優惠，是(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)能(neng)夠滿足CEC及Energystar等相關要求。而東莞市石龍(long)富華(hua)電子(zi)有限公司開發中心經理林俊容表示(shi)，他們(men)在選擇(ze)時考(kao)慮的(de)是(shi)(shi)成(cheng)本和品質的(de)綜合比較(jiao)，也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)性(xing)價比上的(de)考(kao)慮。

　　而充電器芯片廠商主要在安全性，像控制精度、熱處理等方面改善設計。像飛思卡爾日前推出了一系列鋰離子電池充電器集成電路產品MC34671、MC34673和MC34674，具有高精確度和高集成度。電池充電器集成電路可以在整個溫度范圍內提供±0.4%的輸出電壓精確度和±5%的充電電流精確度。這些電池充電器集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路為單(dan)個(ge)鋰(li)離子或鋰(li)聚合物電(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供(gong)高達(da)1.2A的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。高輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)功(gong)能(最高達(da)28V)是專(zhuan)為消(xiao)除手(shou)持(chi)器件(jian)所(suo)需的外部輸(shu)(shu)入過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的需要而設計的，有助于(yu)降(jiang)低系統成本(ben)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)路板空間。

　　而與此同(tong)時，Maxim（美(mei)信）也(ye)推出(chu)MAX8814首款額定28V的單輸入充(chong)電(dian)器，可以承(cheng)受高達(da)28V的輸入瞬(shun)態變化(hua)。該(gai)器件通過(guo)集成MAXIM專有的溫度及恒(heng)流恒(heng)壓(CCCV)調節(jie)電(dian)路，可以避(bi)免快速充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程中出(chu)現過(guo)熱(re)，簡化(hua)了硬件設計。

　　此外，微芯等企業也都推出了新的鋰離子電池充電器芯片產品，而芯片企(qi)業在不斷(duan)提(ti)高產品性能、安全性和(he)低功耗水平之(zhi)外，降(jiang)低成本，提(ti)高性價比(bi)也是應該重點關注的。