在鋰離子充電器產品中，手機充電器是市場(chang)上的主流(liu)產(chan)品。雖然鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)市場(chang)被看好，但鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的要求非(fei)常苛刻。設(she)計(ji)生產(chan)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，需要滿足幾(ji)大要求。在鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)芯片(pian)在系統設(she)計(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)扮演著重(zhong)要的角色(se)。高性價比的芯片(pian)受(shou)市場(chang)歡迎。

　　在手機、個人媒體播放器、數碼相機、導航系統等便攜產品市場的推動下，鋰離子電池充電器市場的前景被業界廣泛看好。

　　鋰(li)離子(zi)充電器市場巨(ju)大(da)

　　根據諾基(ji)亞公司的(de)預測，2008年(nian)(nian)全球手機銷(xiao)售量(liang)將達(da)12億(yi)部(bu)，比2007年(nian)(nian)增長(chang)10%。即使(shi)按照每部(bu)手機在出廠(chang)時只配一個(ge)(ge)鋰(li)離子(zi)充電(dian)器，該市場的(de)需求也要(yao)12億(yi)個(ge)(ge)之多。根據市場調研(yan)公司賽迪顧問的(de)預測，2007年(nian)(nian)中國MP3銷(xiao)量(liang)達(da)到(dao)200多萬臺，與(yu)此同時，MP4和MP5等新概念播放(fang)器也突破200萬臺，去年(nian)(nian)這兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)市場總(zong)計需要(yao)400多萬個(ge)(ge)鋰(li)離子(zi)充電(dian)器。

　　記(ji)者了(le)解到，目前中(zhong)國(guo)是(shi)全球(qiu)鋰離子充(chong)(chong)電器最(zui)大的(de)生產(chan)地，去年(nian)共計(ji)生產(chan)了(le)5億個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電器，其中(zhong)1億多(duo)個(ge)銷售在國(guo)內，其余都(dou)銷往(wang)國(guo)外(wai)。而內地市場上有超過幾百(bai)家(jia)的(de)鋰離子充(chong)(chong)電器制(zhi)造商(shang)(shang)，其中(zhong)大多(duo)數(shu)為中(zhong)小型企(qi)業(ye)，平均每家(jia)廠商(shang)(shang)的(de)月產(chan)能在幾十萬個(ge)以上，廣東省聚集了(le)最(zui)多(duo)的(de)鋰離子充(chong)(chong)電器制(zhi)造商(shang)(shang)。

　　在鋰離子(zi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)產品(pin)中(zhong)，手(shou)機(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是市(shi)場上的主(zhu)流產品(pin)。崧順國際有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司研發(fa)部技(ji)術總監喻德(de)茂向《中(zhong)國電(dian)(dian)子(zi)報》記(ji)者(zhe)介紹說(shuo)，今年(nian)他們公(gong)司主(zhu)要設(she)計生產手(shou)機(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)以及PDA、MP4、隨身充(chong)(chong)(chong)等一些特殊的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。而東莞(guan)市(shi)石龍富華電(dian)(dian)子(zi)有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司開發(fa)中(zhong)心經理林(lin)俊容則介紹說(shuo)，今年(nian)他們設(she)計的手(shou)機(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，主(zhu)要是5V充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流在500mA-800mA之間，這些產品(pin)的特色(se)包括(kuo)：安(an)全，環保，節能(neng)，通(tong)用。

　　充電器要(yao)符合安全(quan)環保法(fa)規

　　雖然鋰(li)離(li)子充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)市場被看(kan)好，但鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的要(yao)(yao)(yao)求非(fei)常(chang)苛刻，要(yao)(yao)(yao)設(she)計(ji)生產鋰(li)離(li)子充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足幾大要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。其中，基本要(yao)(yao)(yao)求是(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)持特(te)定的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，即恒流(liu)恒壓(ya)方式，這才能保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的安全充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。而(er)且，為有(you)效利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量，需(xu)(xu)將鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，但是(shi)(shi)過(guo)(guo)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池損(sun)壞，這就要(yao)(yao)(yao)求過(guo)(guo)壓(ya)保(bao)(bao)護。

　　另外(wai)，鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池還增加了(le)其他充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輔助功(gong)能(neng)，目(mu)的(de)(de)是為(wei)了(le)改善(shan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命，簡化充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)操作，其中(zhong)包括給過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)(yong)涓流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓檢測，輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)流限制，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)完成后關斷充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池部分放電(dian)(dian)(dian)后自動啟(qi)動充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)。這些所有及部分功(gong)能(neng)都可(ke)以在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯片中(zhong)實現，當然，也可(ke)利用(yong)(yong)ASIC（專用(yong)(yong)集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路）、分立器(qi)件或在微(wei)處理(li)器(qi)的(de)(de)基礎上用(yong)(yong)軟件實現。

　　而最近幾年，解決鋰(li)離子(zi)充(chong)電器(qi)的(de)靜態能(neng)耗問題也逐步成為充(chong)電器(qi)設計過程中(zhong)的(de)一個重要環節。

　　總體來說(shuo)，鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)充電器(qi)(qi)(qi)在設計過程中在安全、環保和(he)能(neng)耗上必需滿(man)(man)足不同的(de)國(guo)際和(he)國(guo)內標準(zhun)。東莞市石龍富(fu)華電子(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)限公(gong)司開發(fa)中心(xin)經理林俊容向《中國(guo)電子(zi)(zi)(zi)報》記者介紹說(shuo)，在安全方面，鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)充電器(qi)(qi)(qi)要(yao)(yao)滿(man)(man)足國(guo)內3C/GB4943的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，要(yao)(yao)取得3C認(ren)證和(he)TLC認(ren)證，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)滿(man)(man)足YD1591規定(ding)(ding)，出口則要(yao)(yao)完全符合國(guo)際上IEC60950的(de)安全規定(ding)(ding)和(he)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)；在環保方面，鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)充電器(qi)(qi)(qi)要(yao)(yao)符合《電子(zi)(zi)(zi)信息(xi)產(chan)品污染(ran)控制(zhi)管理辦(ban)法》，或要(yao)(yao)符合國(guo)際的(de)RoHS要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)；在能(neng)耗方面，鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)充電器(qi)(qi)(qi)要(yao)(yao)滿(man)(man)足YD/T1591中關于效(xiao)率與無(wu)負載能(neng)量(liang)消耗方面的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，或國(guo)際上的(de)CEC(加(jia)州能(neng)源委員會)及能(neng)源之星(EnergySTar)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。

　　芯片勝在性價比

　　在(zai)鋰(li)離(li)(li)子充電器(qi)中，電池充電器(qi)芯(xin)片在(zai)系統設計中扮演著重(zhong)要的(de)角色(se)。它(ta)是控制鋰(li)離(li)(li)子充電狀態的(de)功率器(qi)件(jian)。目前，市場上主流的(de)充電器(qi)芯(xin)片包括技領半導體(ACT)、美國超(chao)捷(jie)半導體(PI)、意法(fa)半導體(ST)、飛思卡(ka)爾(Freescale)、昂寶(OB)及懷格有(you)限公(gong)司(IW)等廠(chang)家的(de)芯(xin)片。

　　在這(zhe)些主流芯(xin)片中(zhong)，ACT的(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)片單價最(zui)低，各種性能都(dou)(dou)達到了廠家的(de)(de)(de)要求，因此市(shi)場也(ye)最(zui)火。去年ACT銷售了1億多個鋰離子(zi)充電器(qi)(qi)芯(xin)片，中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)內的(de)(de)(de)鋰離子(zi)充電器(qi)(qi)廠商(shang)基本(ben)都(dou)(dou)有(you)基于ACT芯(xin)片的(de)(de)(de)充電器(qi)(qi)產(chan)品(pin)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)。此外，PI和ST的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)在市(shi)場上的(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)有(you)率也(ye)非(fei)常(chang)高。其(qi)中(zhong)，PI的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)性能非(fei)常(chang)好，但價格也(ye)非(fei)常(chang)貴，以前，外資(zi)鋰離子(zi)充電器(qi)(qi)廠商(shang)大(da)多都(dou)(dou)采用PI的(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)片。而(er)市(shi)場上的(de)(de)(de)主流產(chan)品(pin)型號包括ACT的(de)(de)(de)ACT30和ACT35、ST的(de)(de)(de)VIPER12系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)、PI的(de)(de)(de)LNK系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)及昂寶的(de)(de)(de)OB系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)。

　　崧順國(guo)際有限公(gong)司研發部技術總(zong)監喻德茂向(xiang)記者介(jie)紹(shao)說，鋰離子充電器企業(ye)在選擇芯(xin)片(pian)時，要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)芯(xin)片(pian)的性能(neng)穩定度，是(shi)(shi)否便于設計生產，價(jia)格(ge)是(shi)(shi)否優惠，是(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)能(neng)夠(gou)滿足CEC及Energystar等相關(guan)要(yao)(yao)求。而東莞市石龍(long)富華電子有限公(gong)司開發中心經理林俊容表(biao)示，他們在選擇時考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)的是(shi)(shi)成本和品(pin)質的綜合比較，也就是(shi)(shi)性價(jia)比上的考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)。

　　而充電器芯片廠商主要在安全性，像控制精度、熱處理等方面改善設計。像飛思卡爾日前推出了一系列鋰離子電池充電器集成電路產品MC34671、MC34673和MC34674，具有高精確度和高集成度。電池充電器集成電路可以在整個溫度范圍內提供±0.4%的輸出電壓精確度和±5%的充電電流精確度。這些電池充電器集成(cheng)電路(lu)為單個鋰離子(zi)或鋰聚(ju)合(he)物電池(chi)提供高(gao)達(da)(da)1.2A的充電電流。高(gao)輸入(ru)電壓功能(最高(gao)達(da)(da)28V)是專(zhuan)為消除手持器件所(suo)需的外部輸入(ru)過電壓保護(hu)電路(lu)的需要而設計的，有助于(yu)降低系統(tong)成(cheng)本(ben)和電路(lu)板空間。

　　而與此同時，Maxim（美信）也推(tui)出MAX8814首(shou)款額定28V的單輸(shu)入(ru)充(chong)電(dian)器，可以承受高達(da)28V的輸(shu)入(ru)瞬(shun)態變化(hua)。該器件通過(guo)(guo)集(ji)成MAXIM專有的溫度及(ji)恒流恒壓(ya)(CCCV)調節電(dian)路，可以避免快速充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中出現過(guo)(guo)熱，簡(jian)化(hua)了硬件設(she)計(ji)。

　　此外，微芯等企業也都推出了新的鋰離子電池充電器芯片產(chan)品，而芯片企(qi)業在不斷(duan)提高(gao)產(chan)品性能、安全(quan)性和低功耗(hao)水(shui)平之(zhi)外，降低成本，提高(gao)性價比也是應該重點關注的。