電源適配器整流(liu)器是電源(yuan)系統中最重要的(de)部分(fen)，因此，一些(xie)自(zi)主開(kai)發(fa)的(de)廠商很(hen)注重電源(yuan)適(shi)配(pei)器整流(liu)器技術性(xing)能的(de)改(gai)進，其目的(de)是使電源(yuan)適(shi)配(pei)器整流(liu)器的(de)可靠(kao)性(xing)和效率得到很(hen)大提高，使其成本和高頻電磁(ci)干擾降低(di)。那你對電源(yuan)適(shi)配(pei)器整流(liu)技術了(le)解多少?電源(yuan)適(shi)配(pei)器的(de)負載(zai)怎樣(yang)?

　　電源適配器整流技術

　　1、恒功率整流器技術

　　恒(heng)功(gong)率整流(liu)器，其突出特點是(shi)(shi)在規定(ding)的交流(liu)輸入電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)直流(liu)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓范圍內均能給出定(ding)功(gong)率?這(zhe)種采用恒(heng)功(gong)率設(she)計的新型(xing)智能高頻電(dian)(dian)源適(shi)配(pei)(pei)器系(xi)統(tong)，是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)源適(shi)配(pei)(pei)器構(gou)思(si)上的一個(ge)飛躍，也是(shi)(shi)現代電(dian)(dian)源適(shi)配(pei)(pei)器設(she)備的最優(you)選(xuan)擇?

　　在普(pu)通(tong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器中，其輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)特性可分為(wei)兩類，即恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和恒(heng)壓特性?在恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)普(pu)通(tong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器中，其輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)保持(chi)不變;在恒(heng)壓普(pu)通(tong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器中，其輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓保持(chi)不變?在恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)普(pu)通(tong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器中，如果(guo)負(fu)載電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)超過(guo)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值(zhi)，則整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓將隨(sui)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增(zeng)加而(er)快速下降，直(zhi)到(dao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)而(er)關閉?其額定電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)?限(xian)定電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)及過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值(zhi)都(dou)很接(jie)近

　　恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)之處(chu)，是在(zai)(zai)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)和恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)階段中插入一個恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)階段，這(zhe)就(jiu)是所(suo)謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)?該整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)在(zai)(zai)三個不(bu)同(tong)輸(shu)出(chu)階段，即恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)?恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)和恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)階段?恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)和恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)情況與(yu)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)完全相同(tong)所(suo)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是在(zai)(zai)恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)階段，整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)保持不(bu)變?例如，恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可(ke)從60V隨著電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增(zeng)加而線(xian)性地減小至(zhi)43V?此時，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)仍處(chu)在(zai)(zai)正常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)狀態?因此，采用恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源適配器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，一般只需考慮電(dian)(dian)子設(she)(she)備最大負(fu)載和整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冗余(yu)，就(jiu)可(ke)以確定(ding)電(dian)(dian)源系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)出(chu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)?這(zhe)與(yu)采用限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)源適配器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)相比較，所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)和整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)模塊數量至(zhi)少可(ke)以減少33%以上，這(zhe)也就(jiu)極(ji)大地節約了(le)投資?

　　2、倍流整流器技術

　　通常DC/DC變(bian)換器(qi)是一個(ge)全橋功率變(bian)換器(qi)，高(gao)頻變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)次(ci)級也常使用全波(bo)整流技術(shu)?因(yin)此，在普通整流器(qi)中(zhong)，高(gao)頻變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)次(ci)級繞組(zu)(zu)必(bi)須有一個(ge)中(zhong)心抽頭(tou)并與電路參考電壓(ya)(地)相連(lian)?中(zhong)心抽頭(tou)把(ba)高(gao)頻變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)次(ci)級繞組(zu)(zu)分成兩(liang)個(ge)電感器(qi)?

　　倍流整流器(qi)由一個沒(mei)有中心抽頭的(de)高頻變壓器(qi)次級(ji)繞組?兩個電感(gan)(gan)量相等而且同繞在(zai)一個磁芯上的(de)電感(gan)(gan)器(qi)?兩個整流二(er)極管(guan)和輸出(chu)電容器(qi)組成?

　　倍流(liu)(liu)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)最突(tu)出(chu)的(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)高(gao)頻變壓器(qi)(qi)次(ci)級繞組沒(mei)有中心抽頭，而(er)且流(liu)(liu)過變壓器(qi)(qi)線(xian)圈和濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)只是(shi)輸出(chu)負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)一半?因(yin)此，大大簡化(hua)了高(gao)頻變壓器(qi)(qi)和濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)結構設計?但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中需(xu)多(duo)加一個濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)?兩個濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)總值(zhi)可等于(yu)(yu)或略小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)普通全(quan)波(bo)(bo)(bo)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)扼流(liu)(liu)圈的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)值(zhi)，因(yin)為(wei)流(liu)(liu)過兩個濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)工作頻率和變化(hua)速度均較低?倍流(liu)(liu)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是(shi)兩個濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)總和，而(er)兩個濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)脈(mo)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是(shi)相消的(de)(de)?因(yin)此，直流(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)脈(mo)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)也較低?

　　電源適配器的負載一一分析

　　1、變壓器的工藝問題

　　①浸漆(qi)烘干不(bu)到位，導致(zhi)磁(ci)芯(xin)不(bu)牢固引起機械振動而發出響聲(sheng);

　　②氣隙(xi)的長度不(bu)適合，導致變壓器的工(gong)作狀態不(bu)穩定而發出(chu)響(xiang)聲;

　　③線包沒(mei)有繞緊也可能導致響聲;

　　④磁芯組合有(you)氣(qi)隙存在，高(gao)頻時引起空(kong)氣(qi)振(zhen)動(dong)而發出響聲(變壓器(qi)如果經(jing)過真空(kong)全浸(jin)、并中(zhong)柱點環氧樹脂(zhi)、骨(gu)架與磁芯間點環氧樹脂(zhi)--參考(kao)下圖框(kuang)出來的位(wei)置，一般不會(hui)發聲)。

　　2、變壓器的環路問題

　　變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)的(de)環(huan)路(lu)問題即指變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)的(de)環(huan)路(lu)發生振蕩(dang)從而引起變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)發生嘯叫(jiao)。

　　①電路板布線(xian)不當(dang)，從而造成(cheng)干擾(rao)引發振蕩(dang)，導致響(xiang)聲;

　　②反饋回(hui)路(lu)參(can)數設置(zhi)不(bu)當，導致環路(lu)不(bu)穩定以致產生振蕩而發出響聲;

　　③環路(lu)中元器件的(de)質量問題，如輸入濾波電(dian)容(rong)容(rong)量不足，輸出整流快恢(hui)復二極管質量不好(hao)，功(gong)率(lv)MOS管質量不好(hao)，RCD反沖吸收回路(lu)的(de)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)容(rong)或二極管質量不好(hao)等等，這些問題都有可能導致震蕩而引起(qi)響聲。

　　3、變壓器的鐵心問題

　　變(bian)壓(ya)器鐵心發生(sheng)飽和(he)時，線圈中電(dian)流增大，變(bian)壓(ya)器發熱并產生(sheng)自激震蕩，線圈的(de)振蕩引起周圍空(kong)氣的(de)振動從(cong)而發出響聲(sheng)。

　　4、電源適配器的負載問題

　　①電(dian)源適配器在(zai)空載(zai)或輕載(zai)的情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，在(zai)某些(xie)工作(zuo)點處(chu)會(hui)發生振蕩現象，表現為變壓器的嘯叫(jiao)和輸出的不穩定。

　　發生這(zhe)種現(xian)象(xiang)是由于(yu)空載/輕載時(shi)，開關(guan)瞬時(shi)開通(tong)時(shi)間過大(da)從而造成輸出能量太大(da)，進而電(dian)壓(ya)過沖也很大(da)，需要較長的(de)(de)時(shi)間去恢(hui)復到正常(chang)電(dian)壓(ya)，因此開關(guan)需停止工作一段(duan)時(shi)間，這(zhe)樣開關(guan)就工作于(yu)間歇(xie)性(xing)工作模(mo)式，使變(bian)壓(ya)器發生較低(di)頻(pin)率(有規律的(de)(de)間歇(xie)性(xing)全(quan)截止周期或占空比(bi)劇烈(lie)變(bian)化的(de)(de)頻(pin)率)的(de)(de)振動(dong)。

　　②變壓器工作(zuo)在(zai)嚴重的超載(zai)狀(zhuang)態，時刻都有燒(shao)毀的可能——這(zhe)就是許多(duo)電源燒(shao)毀前“慘叫”的由(you)來。

　　對電源適(shi)配器的介(jie)紹就到這里，如果您(nin)還(huan)有什么疑問可以(yi)聯系我們，我們會為您(nin)相信解答!