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電源適配器整流技術你了解嗎?電源適配器的負載怎樣?

  電源適配器整流(liu)(liu)器是電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系統中最重要的(de)部分,因此(ci),一些自主開發的(de)廠商很注重電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)適(shi)配器整流(liu)(liu)器技術(shu)性能(neng)的(de)改進,其目(mu)的(de)是使電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)適(shi)配器整流(liu)(liu)器的(de)可靠性和效率得到很大(da)提高(gao),使其成本和高(gao)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁干擾(rao)降低。那你對電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)適(shi)配器整流(liu)(liu)技術(shu)了(le)解多少?電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)適(shi)配器的(de)負載怎樣?

電源適配器整流技術你了解嗎?電源適配器的負載怎樣?

  電源適配器整流技術

  1、恒功率整流器技術

  恒功(gong)(gong)率整流(liu)器(qi),其突出特點(dian)是在規(gui)定(ding)的交流(liu)輸(shu)入電壓和直流(liu)輸(shu)出電壓范圍內均能給出定(ding)功(gong)(gong)率?這種采用恒功(gong)(gong)率設計的新型智能高(gao)頻(pin)電源適(shi)配(pei)器(qi)系統,是電源適(shi)配(pei)器(qi)構思上的一個飛躍,也是現代(dai)電源適(shi)配(pei)器(qi)設備(bei)的最(zui)優選擇?

  在(zai)(zai)(zai)普(pu)通(tong)限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)(xing)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器中(zhong),其(qi)輸出(chu)特性(xing)可分為兩類,即恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和恒(heng)(heng)(heng)壓特性(xing)?在(zai)(zai)(zai)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)普(pu)通(tong)限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)(xing)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器中(zhong),其(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)持不(bu)變(bian);在(zai)(zai)(zai)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)壓普(pu)通(tong)限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)(xing)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器中(zhong),其(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓保(bao)持不(bu)變(bian)?在(zai)(zai)(zai)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)普(pu)通(tong)限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)(xing)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器中(zhong),如果負(fu)載電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)超過(guo)限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值(zhi),則整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器輸出(chu)電(dian)壓將(jiang)隨電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增(zeng)加而快速下降,直到(dao)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)而關閉?其(qi)額定電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)?限(xian)(xian)定電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)及(ji)過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值(zhi)都很接近

  恒(heng)(heng)(heng)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器與限流(liu)(liu)型(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同之處,是(shi)在(zai)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)階(jie)段中插入一個恒(heng)(heng)(heng)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)階(jie)段,這就是(shi)所(suo)謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器?該整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器工作(zuo)在(zai)三個不(bu)同輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)階(jie)段,即恒(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)?恒(heng)(heng)(heng)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)和(he)(he)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)階(jie)段?恒(heng)(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)階(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)情況與限流(liu)(liu)型(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器完全相同所(suo)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)在(zai)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)階(jie)段,整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)保持不(bu)變?例如,恒(heng)(heng)(heng)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)可從60V隨著電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)增(zeng)加而線性地減(jian)小至43V?此時(shi),系(xi)統(tong)仍處在(zai)正(zheng)常工作(zuo)狀態?因此,采用恒(heng)(heng)(heng)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源適(shi)配器系(xi)統(tong),一般只需考慮電(dian)(dian)子設備最大負(fu)載和(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冗(rong)余,就可以確定(ding)電(dian)(dian)源系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)?這與采用限流(liu)(liu)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)源適(shi)配器系(xi)統(tong)相比較,所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)和(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)模塊(kuai)數(shu)量至少(shao)可以減(jian)少(shao)33%以上,這也就極大地節約了投資(zi)?

  2、倍流整流器技術

  通常(chang)DC/DC變換器(qi)(qi)是一個全(quan)橋(qiao)功(gong)率(lv)變換器(qi)(qi),高(gao)頻變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)次(ci)級也(ye)常(chang)使用全(quan)波整流技(ji)術?因此(ci),在普通整流器(qi)(qi)中,高(gao)頻變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)次(ci)級繞組必(bi)須有(you)一個中心抽頭并與電路參考電壓(ya)(地)相連(lian)?中心抽頭把高(gao)頻變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)次(ci)級繞組分成兩(liang)個電感器(qi)(qi)?

  倍流(liu)整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)由一(yi)個(ge)沒有(you)中心抽頭的高頻變壓器(qi)次級繞(rao)組?兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)量相等而(er)且(qie)同(tong)繞(rao)在一(yi)個(ge)磁芯(xin)上的電(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)?兩(liang)個(ge)整(zheng)流(liu)二(er)極管和輸出電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)組成?

  倍流(liu)(liu)(liu)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)最突出(chu)的(de)特點是高頻變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)次級繞組沒(mei)有(you)中(zhong)心抽頭,而(er)且流(liu)(liu)(liu)過變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)線圈(quan)(quan)和濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)只是輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)一半?因此,大(da)大(da)簡化了高頻變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)和濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)的(de)結構設計?但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)需(xu)多(duo)加(jia)一個(ge)濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)?兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)總(zong)值可等于(yu)或略小于(yu)普通全波(bo)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)扼流(liu)(liu)(liu)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)值,因為(wei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)頻率和變(bian)(bian)化速(su)度均較(jiao)低?倍流(liu)(liu)(liu)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)是兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)總(zong)和,而(er)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)的(de)脈動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)是相消(xiao)的(de)?因此,直流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)脈動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)也較(jiao)低?

  電源適配器的負載一一分析

  1、變壓器的工藝問題

  ①浸(jin)漆烘(hong)干不(bu)到位,導(dao)致磁(ci)芯不(bu)牢固引起機(ji)械振動而發(fa)出響(xiang)聲;

  ②氣隙的長度(du)不(bu)適合,導致(zhi)變壓器(qi)的工作狀態不(bu)穩定而發出響(xiang)聲;

  ③線包沒有繞緊(jin)也(ye)可能導致響聲(sheng);

  ④磁(ci)(ci)芯組合(he)有氣(qi)隙(xi)存(cun)在,高頻時引起空氣(qi)振動而發出響(xiang)聲(sheng)(變壓器如果經過真空全浸、并中柱(zhu)點環(huan)氧樹(shu)脂、骨架與磁(ci)(ci)芯間點環(huan)氧樹(shu)脂--參考下圖框(kuang)出來的位置,一般不會(hui)發聲(sheng))。

  2、變壓器的環路問題

  變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的環(huan)路(lu)問(wen)題即指變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的環(huan)路(lu)發(fa)生振蕩(dang)從而引起變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)發(fa)生嘯叫。

  ①電(dian)路板布線(xian)不當,從而造成干擾引(yin)發振蕩(dang),導致響聲;

  ②反饋回路參(can)數(shu)設置不(bu)當(dang),導致(zhi)環(huan)路不(bu)穩定以致(zhi)產生振蕩而(er)發出響聲;

  ③環路中元器件的(de)質量(liang)問題,如輸入濾波電容(rong)容(rong)量(liang)不足,輸出(chu)整流(liu)快恢復二(er)極(ji)管(guan)質量(liang)不好(hao),功率MOS管(guan)質量(liang)不好(hao),RCD反沖吸收回路的(de)高壓電容(rong)或二(er)極(ji)管(guan)質量(liang)不好(hao)等等,這些問題都有可能(neng)導致震蕩而(er)引起響(xiang)聲。

  3、變壓器的鐵心問題

  變壓器(qi)鐵心發生飽(bao)和時(shi),線(xian)圈中電流(liu)增大(da),變壓器(qi)發熱并產生自激震蕩,線(xian)圈的振(zhen)蕩引起周圍空氣(qi)的振(zhen)動從而發出響(xiang)聲。

  4、電源適配器的負載問題

  ①電源(yuan)適配(pei)器在空載(zai)或輕(qing)載(zai)的情況下,在某些工作點處會發(fa)生(sheng)振蕩現(xian)象,表現(xian)為變壓(ya)器的嘯叫和輸出的不穩定。

  發(fa)生這種現象(xiang)是(shi)由(you)于空(kong)載/輕載時(shi),開關(guan)瞬時(shi)開通(tong)時(shi)間過(guo)大從而(er)造成(cheng)輸(shu)出能量太大,進而(er)電壓過(guo)沖也(ye)很(hen)大,需(xu)要較長(chang)的(de)(de)時(shi)間去恢復到正常電壓,因此開關(guan)需(xu)停止(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作一(yi)段時(shi)間,這樣開關(guan)就工(gong)(gong)作于間歇(xie)(xie)性工(gong)(gong)作模式(shi),使變(bian)壓器發(fa)生較低頻(pin)率(lv)(有(you)規(gui)律的(de)(de)間歇(xie)(xie)性全(quan)截(jie)止(zhi)周期或占(zhan)空(kong)比劇烈變(bian)化的(de)(de)頻(pin)率(lv))的(de)(de)振動。

  ②變(bian)壓器工作在(zai)嚴重的超載狀態,時(shi)刻(ke)都(dou)有燒毀(hui)的可能——這就是許(xu)多電源燒毀(hui)前“慘叫(jiao)”的由(you)來。

  對電源適(shi)配器的介紹就到這里,如果您(nin)還有什(shen)么疑問可以聯系我(wo)們,我(wo)們會為(wei)您(nin)相信解答!

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