電源適配器整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)是電(dian)(dian)源系統中最重要的(de)部分，因(yin)此，一些自主開(kai)發的(de)廠商很(hen)注重電(dian)(dian)源適配器(qi)整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)技術(shu)性能的(de)改(gai)進，其目的(de)是使電(dian)(dian)源適配器(qi)整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)的(de)可靠性和效(xiao)率(lv)得到很(hen)大提高，使其成(cheng)本和高頻電(dian)(dian)磁干擾降低。那你對電(dian)(dian)源適配器(qi)整(zheng)流(liu)技術(shu)了解多(duo)少?電(dian)(dian)源適配器(qi)的(de)負載(zai)怎樣?

　　電源適配器整流技術

　　1、恒功率整流器技術

　　恒(heng)功率整流器，其突出特(te)點是(shi)在(zai)規定的(de)交流輸入電(dian)壓和直流輸出電(dian)壓范(fan)圍內均能給出定功率?這種采用恒(heng)功率設計的(de)新(xin)型智能高頻電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)適配器系統，是(shi)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)適配器構思(si)上(shang)的(de)一個飛(fei)躍，也是(shi)現代電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)適配器設備(bei)的(de)最優選擇(ze)?

　　在(zai)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器中(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)輸出(chu)(chu)特(te)性可分為兩類，即恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)特(te)性?在(zai)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器中(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)持(chi)不變;在(zai)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器中(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)持(chi)不變?在(zai)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器中(zhong)(zhong)，如(ru)果(guo)負載電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)超過(guo)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)值(zhi)，則(ze)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)將隨電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)增(zeng)加而快速下降，直到整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)而關閉?其(qi)額定(ding)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)?限(xian)定(ding)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)及(ji)過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)值(zhi)都很接近

　　恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)與(yu)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的不(bu)同(tong)(tong)之處，是(shi)在(zai)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)和恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)中插(cha)入一(yi)個(ge)恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)所(suo)謂的恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)?該整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)工作在(zai)三個(ge)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)輸出階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，即(ji)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)?恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)和恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)?恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)和恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)的工作情況與(yu)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)完全相同(tong)(tong)所(suo)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的是(shi)在(zai)恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)輸出功(gong)(gong)率(lv)保持不(bu)變?例如，恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可從60V隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增加而線性地減小至43V?此(ci)時，系統仍(reng)處在(zai)正常工作狀態?因(yin)此(ci)，采用(yong)恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)設計(ji)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源適配器(qi)(qi)系統，一(yi)般只需(xu)考慮電(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備(bei)最(zui)大負載和整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的冗余，就(jiu)可以確定電(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統的額定輸出功(gong)(gong)率(lv)?這(zhe)(zhe)與(yu)采用(yong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源適配器(qi)(qi)系統相比較，所(suo)需(xu)的整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)和整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)模塊數量(liang)至少(shao)(shao)可以減少(shao)(shao)33%以上，這(zhe)(zhe)也就(jiu)極大地節約了(le)投資?

　　2、倍流整流器技術

　　通常(chang)(chang)DC/DC變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)一個全橋(qiao)功率變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)，高(gao)頻變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)次級也常(chang)(chang)使用全波整流(liu)技術?因此，在(zai)普通整流(liu)器(qi)(qi)中，高(gao)頻變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)次級繞組(zu)必(bi)須(xu)有一個中心(xin)抽(chou)頭(tou)(tou)并與電路(lu)參考電壓(地)相(xiang)連?中心(xin)抽(chou)頭(tou)(tou)把高(gao)頻變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)次級繞組(zu)分成兩(liang)個電感器(qi)(qi)?

　　倍流(liu)整流(liu)器由一(yi)個(ge)沒有中心抽(chou)頭的(de)(de)高頻(pin)變(bian)壓(ya)器次級繞組?兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)感量相等(deng)而且同繞在一(yi)個(ge)磁(ci)芯上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)感器?兩(liang)個(ge)整流(liu)二(er)極管和輸出電(dian)(dian)容器組成?

　　倍流(liu)(liu)整流(liu)(liu)器(qi)最突出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)特點是(shi)(shi)高頻變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)次級繞組沒有中(zhong)心抽頭(tou)，而且流(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)線圈和濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)只是(shi)(shi)輸出(chu)(chu)負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)一半?因此，大大簡化(hua)了高頻變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)和濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)結構設計?但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)需(xu)多加一個(ge)濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)?兩個(ge)濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)總值可等(deng)于或(huo)略(lve)小于普通全(quan)波(bo)整流(liu)(liu)器(qi)扼流(liu)(liu)圈的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)值，因為(wei)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)兩個(ge)濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)工作頻率和變(bian)(bian)化(hua)速度均(jun)較低?倍流(liu)(liu)整流(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是(shi)(shi)兩個(ge)濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)總和，而兩個(ge)濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)脈(mo)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是(shi)(shi)相消的(de)(de)?因此，直流(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)(chu)脈(mo)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)也較低?

　　電源適配器的負載一一分析

　　1、變壓器的工藝問題

　　①浸漆烘(hong)干不到位，導(dao)致磁芯(xin)不牢固引起機械(xie)振(zhen)動而發出響(xiang)聲;

　　②氣(qi)隙的長度不適合(he)，導致變(bian)壓(ya)器的工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態不穩定而發出響聲;

　　③線包沒有繞緊也(ye)可能(neng)導(dao)致響聲;

　　④磁芯組合有氣隙存在，高(gao)頻時(shi)引起空氣振動(dong)而發出響聲(變(bian)壓器如果經過真空全浸、并中柱點環氧樹(shu)脂、骨架與磁芯間點環氧樹(shu)脂--參(can)考下圖框出來的位置(zhi)，一般不會發聲)。

　　2、變壓器的環路問題

　　變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的環(huan)路問題即指變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的環(huan)路發生(sheng)振蕩從而引(yin)起(qi)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)發生(sheng)嘯叫。

　　①電路板布線不當，從(cong)而造成(cheng)干(gan)擾引發振蕩，導致響聲;

　　②反(fan)饋回路參數設置不當，導致環(huan)路不穩(wen)定(ding)以(yi)致產生(sheng)振蕩(dang)而發出(chu)響聲;

　　③環路(lu)中元(yuan)器件(jian)的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題，如輸入濾波電容容量(liang)(liang)不(bu)足，輸出整流(liu)快(kuai)恢復二極(ji)管(guan)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)好，功率MOS管(guan)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)好，RCD反沖吸收回路(lu)的高壓(ya)電容或二極(ji)管(guan)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)好等(deng)等(deng)，這些問題都(dou)有可能導致震蕩而(er)引起響聲。

　　3、變壓器的鐵心問題

　　變壓器(qi)鐵心發(fa)生飽和時(shi)，線圈中電流增大，變壓器(qi)發(fa)熱并(bing)產生自激震蕩，線圈的(de)振(zhen)蕩引起周圍(wei)空氣的(de)振(zhen)動從(cong)而(er)發(fa)出響(xiang)聲。

　　4、電源適配器的負載問題

　　①電(dian)源適配器在空(kong)載(zai)或輕載(zai)的(de)(de)情(qing)況下，在某些工作點(dian)處(chu)會發生振(zhen)蕩現象，表現為(wei)變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)嘯叫(jiao)和輸出的(de)(de)不穩定。

　　發生這(zhe)種現象是(shi)由于空載/輕載時，開關(guan)瞬時開通時間過(guo)大(da)從而造成輸(shu)出能量太大(da)，進而電壓(ya)過(guo)沖也很大(da)，需要較長的時間去(qu)恢復到正常電壓(ya)，因此開關(guan)需停止(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)一段時間，這(zhe)樣開關(guan)就工(gong)作(zuo)于間歇性(xing)工(gong)作(zuo)模式，使(shi)變壓(ya)器發生較低頻(pin)率(有規律的間歇性(xing)全截止(zhi)周期或(huo)占(zhan)空比(bi)劇烈變化(hua)的頻(pin)率)的振(zhen)動。

　　②變壓器工作在嚴重的超載狀態，時刻都有燒毀的可能——這就是許多(duo)電源燒毀前“慘叫”的由來。

　　對電源適配器(qi)的介紹就到(dao)這里(li)，如果(guo)您還有什么疑問可以(yi)聯系我(wo)們(men)，我(wo)們(men)會為您相信解答!