檢測普(pu)通(tong)鋅錳干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量是(shi)(shi)否充(chong)足(zu)，通(tong)常有(you)兩種(zhong)方(fang)法。第(di)一種(zhong)方(fang)法是(shi)(shi)通(tong)過測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)瞬時短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)來(lai)估(gu)算(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)內阻(zu)，進而判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量是(shi)(shi)否充(chong)足(zu)；第(di)二種(zhong)方(fang)法是(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表串聯(lian)一只(zhi)阻(zu)值適當的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，通(tong)過測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)計算(suan)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內阻(zu)，從而判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量是(shi)(shi)否充(chong)足(zu)。

第一種方法的最大優點是簡便，用萬用表的大電流檔就可直接判斷出干電池的電量，缺點是測試電流很大，遠遠超過干電池允許放電電流的極限值，在一定程度上影響干電池使用壽命。第二種方法的優點是測試電流小，安全性好，一般不會對干電池的使用壽命產生不良影響，缺點是較為麻煩。
筆者用MF47型萬用表對一節新2號(hao)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和一節舊2號(hao)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)分(fen)別用上述兩種方法進行測試(shi)對比。假設ro是干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內阻(zu)，RO是電(dian)(dian)流表內阻(zu)，用第(di)二(er)種測試(shi)方法時，RF是附加的串(chuan)聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，阻(zu)值3Ω，功率2W。

      實測結果如(ru)下(xia)。新2號電池E=1.58V（用(yong)2.5V直(zhi)流電壓檔測量），電壓表內(nei)阻為50kΩ，遠大于ro，故可近(jin)似認為1.58V是電池的電動勢(shi)，或稱開路(lu)電壓。用(yong)第(di)一種(zhong)方法(fa)時，萬(wan)用(yong)表置5A直(zhi)流電流檔，電表內(nei)阻RO=0.06Ω，測得電流為3.3A。所以 ro+RO=1.58V÷3.3A≈0.48Ω，ro=0.48-0.06=0.42Ω。用(yong)第(di)二種(zhong)方法(fa)時，測得電流為 0.395A，RF+ro+RO=1.58V÷0.395A=4Ω，電流500mA檔內(nei)阻為0.6Ω，所以ro=4-3-0.6=0.4Ω。

舊2號電池用第一種方法測量時，先測得開路電壓E=1.2V，電表內阻RO=6Ω，讀數為6.5mA，萬用表置50mA直流電流檔，ro+RO=1.2V÷0.0065A≈184.6Ω，ro=184.6-6=178.6Ω。用第二種方法，測得電流為 6.3mA，ro+RO+RF=1.2V÷0.0063A=190.5Ω，ro=190.5-6-3=181.5Ω。
顯然兩種測試(shi)方(fang)法的(de)結果(guo)(guo)基本一(yi)致。最終(zhong)計算結果(guo)(guo)的(de)微(wei)小差(cha)別是由于讀數誤差(cha)、電(dian)阻RF的(de)誤差(cha)以及接觸電(dian)阻等(deng)多方(fang)面因素造成的(de)，這種微(wei)小誤差(cha)不致影響對電(dian)池電(dian)量的(de)判斷(duan)。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)被測電(dian)池的(de)容量小、電(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)（例(li)如(ru)15V、9V疊(die)層(ceng)電(dian)池），則應將(jiang)RF的(de)阻值適應增大。