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鉛酸蓄電池電荷容(rong)量與發動機(ji)不匹配

根據發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)類型和使(shi)用條件合(he)理選(xuan)用鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)，是提高鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)經濟性(xing)(xing)，延長其(qi)(qi)使(shi)用壽(shou)命的(de)(de)(de)重要途徑之一(yi)。起動(dong)機(ji)起動(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)時(shi)(shi)，鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)輸出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很大(da)(da)(da)(da)，在一(yi)般情況下(xia)為(wei)150A-200A，在低溫（-10℃）起動(dong)時(shi)(shi)輸出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)高達250A-300A。如果蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)與(yu)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)不匹配(pei)(pei)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)偏小，則在起動(dong)阻力大(da)(da)(da)(da)時(shi)(shi)，小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在劇烈放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，勢必加速單(dan)位(wei)時(shi)(shi)間內活性(xing)(xing)物(wu)質與(yu)硫酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)反應，使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度升高，極板因過負荷(he)(he)而彎曲，結果造成活性(xing)(xing)物(wu)質大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)脫(tuo)落，極板早期(qi)損壞，從而使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命大(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)縮短。如果蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)偏大(da)(da)(da)(da)，雖然不會發(fa)(fa)生上述問(wen)題，但不能充分利用其(qi)(qi)活性(xing)(xing)物(wu)質，使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經濟性(xing)(xing)下(xia)降。因此蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)，一(yi)定要與(yu)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)相(xiang)匹配(pei)(pei)。通常蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇，應根據起動(dong)機(ji)功(gong)率、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的(de)(de)(de)負荷(he)(he)而定。

鉛酸蓄電池并聯混用

有些駕駛員在起動發動機時，因原有蓄電池存電不足，就并聯上一只充足電的蓄電池共同使用。實際上并聯后充足電的蓄電池會以很大的充電電流向存電不足的蓄電池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，極易造成極板活性(xing)物質脫(tuo)落，影響其使用(yong)壽命。同時蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)并(bing)聯后(hou)并(bing)不能(neng)提供給起動機很大的起動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，更不利于發動機的起動。正確的方法應(ying)當是把存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)拆下，換(huan)上充足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，然后(hou)再(zai)起動發動機。

鉛酸蓄電池串聯混用

在(zai)(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用(yong)中，有時會(hui)出現(xian)新(xin)、舊(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)串聯(lian)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象，殊不(bu)知(zhi)，這(zhe)種(zhong)做法會(hui)縮短蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命。因為(wei)新(xin)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化學反(fan)應物質較多(duo)，端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較高(gao)，內(nei)阻(zu)較小（12V新(xin)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻(zu)只有0.015-0.018Ω）；而(er)舊(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較低，內(nei)阻(zu)較大(da)（12V舊(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)阻(zu)在(zai)(zai)0.085Ω以上）。如果(guo)將新(xin)、舊(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)串聯(lian)混用(yong)，那么在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下，舊(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)兩端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓將高(gao)于新(xin)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)兩端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，結果(guo)造成新(xin)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)尚未充(chong)(chong)足而(er)舊(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)早已過高(gao)；在(zai)(zai)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下，由于新(xin)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)(rong)量比舊(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)(rong)量大(da)，結果(guo)造成舊(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過量放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，甚至造成舊(jiu)(jiu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)反(fan)極。因此對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)決不(bu)能新(xin)、舊(jiu)(jiu)混用(yong)。

另外，不同電荷容量的鉛酸蓄電池也不能串聯混用，因為兩種電荷容量不同的蓄電池串聯使用時，往往會使電荷容量小的蓄電池過量充電(dian)或放電(dian)，縮(suo)短其使(shi)用壽命(ming)。