電動車充電器 是專門(men)為電動自行車(che)的電瓶配置的一個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電設備！電動車(che)普遍使用(yong)了(le)所謂三(san)段(duan)(duan)式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)，第(di)一個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)叫恒(heng)流(liu)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)，第(di)二個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)叫恒(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)，第(di)三(san)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)叫涓流(liu)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)。 

　　

　　常用的(de)開關電源式(shi)充電器又分(fen)半橋式(shi)和(he)單激(ji)式(shi)兩(liang)大類，單激(ji)類又分(fen)為正激(ji)式(shi)和(he)反激(ji)式(shi)兩(liang)類。半橋式(shi)成本(ben)高(gao)，性能好，常用于帶(dai)負脈沖的(de)充電器；單激(ji)式(shi)成本(ben)低，市場占有(you)率(lv)高(gao)。

負脈沖充電器
　　鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池已(yi)經有100多年(nian)的(de)歷(li)史(shi)了，開始全球普遍沿引老的(de)觀點和操作規程：充(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率為0.1C(C是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量(liang))壽命較長(chang)。美國人(ren)麥斯先生為解決快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)問題，1967年(nian)向(xiang)全世界(jie)公布(bu)了他的(de)研(yan)究成果，用(yong)大于1C率脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間歇時對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有利于消除極(ji)化、降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液溫(wen)度(du)、提高極(ji)板接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)能力(li)。

　　我(wo)國一(yi)些科技工(gong)作(zuo)者在1969年前后，根據麥(mai)斯(si)先生的三(san)定律制作(zuo)成(cheng)功(gong)了多種品牌的快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環過程是：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池短暫放電(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止(zhi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通(tong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)……

　　2000年前后，有人將這一原理用到了電動車充電器中，充電過程中，不切斷充電通路，用小電阻將電池短路瞬間，進行放電。短路時由于不切斷充電通路，在充電通路中串連了電感。一般在1秒內短路3－5毫秒（1秒=1000毫秒），由于電感里的電流不能跳變，短路時間短促，可以保護充電器的電(dian)(dian)源轉換(huan)部分(fen)。如果把充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流方向叫正，放電(dian)(dian)自然為負了，電(dian)(dian)動車業(ye)就(jiu)出現(xian)了名詞(ci)“負脈(mo)沖充電(dian)(dian)器”，而且(qie)稱可以延(yan)長電(dian)(dian)池壽命等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。

三段式充電器
　　從電(dian)(dian)(dian)子技術角度針對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池而言：第(di)(di)(di)(di)一個(ge)階段(duan)叫(jiao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)限流(liu)(liu)階段(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)個(ge)階段(duan)叫(jiao)高恒(heng)壓階段(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)個(ge)階段(duan)叫(jiao)低恒(heng)壓階段(duan)比較貼切。第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)階段(duan)和第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)階段(duan)轉(zhuan)換(huan)時，面板指(zhi)示燈相應變換(huan)，大多數充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器第(di)(di)(di)(di)一、二(er)(er)階段(duan)是(shi)紅(hong)燈，第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)階段(duan)變綠燈。第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)階段(duan)和第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)階段(duan)的(de)相互轉(zhuan)換(huan)是(shi)由充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)決定(ding)的(de)，大于(yu)某(mou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進入第(di)(di)(di)(di)一第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)階段(duan)，小(xiao)于(yu)某(mou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進入第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)階段(duan)。這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)叫(jiao)轉(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，也叫(jiao)轉(zhuan)折電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。

　　早(zao)期充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，包括名牌車配套的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，雖(sui)然(ran)也(ye)變燈，但實際是恒壓限流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，并不是三(san)階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。一般這(zhe)類就一個(ge)穩定電(dian)(dian)壓值，44.2V左右(you)，對(dui)當時(shi)的高比重硫(liu)酸的電(dian)(dian)池還湊合。

　　關于三段式充(chong)電器的三個關鍵參數

　　第一個(ge)重要(yao)(yao)參(can)數是(shi)(shi)涓流階段(duan)的低恒壓值(zhi)(zhi)，第二(er)(er)個(ge)重要(yao)(yao)參(can)數是(shi)(shi)第二(er)(er)階段(duan)的高恒壓值(zhi)(zhi)，第三(san)(san)個(ge)重要(yao)(yao)參(can)數是(shi)(shi)轉換電流。這三(san)(san)個(ge)重要(yao)(yao)參(can)數與(yu)(yu)(yu)電池數目有(you)關(guan)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)電池的容量(liang)Ah有(you)關(guan)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)溫度有(you)關(guan)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)電池種類有(you)關(guan)。為(wei)了方便大家記憶，下(xia)面以最常見的電動自行車（三(san)(san)塊12V串(chuan)聯(lian)的10Ah電池）所用的三(san)(san)段(duan)式充電器(qi)為(wei)例(li)簡單(dan)介紹(shao)一下(xia)：

　　首(shou)先(xian)討論涓流階(jie)段的低(di)恒(heng)壓(ya)值，參(can)考電(dian)壓(ya)為42.5V左(zuo)右。此值高(gao)將使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)失水(shui)，容易(yi)使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)熱變形；此值低(di)不利于(yu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充足(zu)電(dian)。此值在(zai)南方要低(di)于(yu)41.5V；膠(jiao)體電(dian)池(chi)(chi)要低(di)于(yu)41.5V，如在(zai)南方還要低(di)一(yi)點兒。這個參(can)數是相對嚴格(ge)的，不可以(yi)大于(yu)參(can)考值。

　　其(qi)次討論(lun)第二階段(duan)的(de)高恒(heng)壓值(zhi)，參考電(dian)(dian)壓為44.5V左右。此值(zhi)高有(you)利于快(kuai)速(su)充足(zu)電(dian)(dian)，但(dan)(dan)是容易使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)失水，充電(dian)(dian)后期電(dian)(dian)流(liu)下不(bu)來，結果使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)熱變(bian)形；此值(zhi)低不(bu)利于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)快(kuai)速(su)充足(zu)電(dian)(dian)，有(you)利于向涓流(liu)階段(duan)轉換。這個值(zhi)雖然(ran)沒有(you)第一個值(zhi)那(nei)樣嚴格，但(dan)(dan)是也不(bu)要過高。

　　最后討論(lun)轉換電(dian)(dian)流，參考電(dian)(dian)流為300毫(hao)安(an)左(zuo)右。此(ci)值(zhi)高有(you)利于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命(ming)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)容易發熱變(bian)(bian)形(xing)，但(dan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)利于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)快速充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)；此(ci)值(zhi)低（對外行）有(you)利于(yu)(yu)充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)，但(dan)是(shi)由于(yu)(yu)較長時間(jian)高電(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，容易使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)失水(shui)，使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發熱變(bian)(bian)形(xing)。特別個別電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)出現(xian)問(wen)題時，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流降不(bu)(bu)(bu)到轉折電(dian)(dian)流以下時，會連累好電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)也被(bei)充(chong)壞(huai)。給出的參考值(zhi)有(you)一定范圍，正負50毫(hao)安(an)甚至100毫(hao)安(an)都是(shi)允許的，但(dan)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)允許小于(yu)(yu)200毫(hao)安(an)。

　　目前，市(shi)場上出現了很多(duo)高恒壓值(zhi)為46.5V、低恒壓值(zhi)為41.5V、轉折(zhe)電流大于(yu)500毫安的反激式(shi)廉價充電器。

　　如果是(shi)四塊12V電(dian)池的充電(dian)器即(ji)48V充電(dian)器，前(qian)兩個參數為(wei)前(qian)述(shu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)參考值除以三乘(cheng)以四。高恒壓(ya)(ya)值為(wei)59.5V左右(you)、低恒壓(ya)(ya)值為(wei)56.5V左右(you)。

　　電(dian)池如(ru)果(guo)比10Ah大，將第(di)三個(ge)參數電(dian)流(liu)值適當增大，例如(ru)17Ah電(dian)池可大到500毫安。

　　買新充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)要檢查三(san)段式(shi)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)三(san)個重要參(can)數，用(yong)戶一般可以(yi)自己測(ce)(ce)得第三(san)階段的(de)低恒壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)。方法是，不接電(dian)(dian)池，給充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)加市電(dian)(dian)，用(yong)數字萬用(yong)表(biao)的(de)200V直流電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檔測(ce)(ce)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。另兩個參(can)數高恒壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)和轉折電(dian)(dian)流一般需(xu)要專用(yong)工具才能測(ce)(ce)得。

　　再(zai)補充一(yi)些正確的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法：1，變(bian)綠燈后再(zai)接著(zhu)充2－3小時。2，原則是(shi)淺放(fang)(fang)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)）勤充（電(dian)(dian)(dian)），每次用(yong)到50%以后再(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，不要充電(dian)(dian)(dian)太頻繁這(zhe)樣會縮短電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命 3，長(chang)期(qi)不騎，要定(ding)期(qi)（1個(ge)月）充電(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)次。4，長(chang)期(qi)淺放(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，3個(ge)月左右(you)，作一(yi)次深(shen)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，就是(shi)所謂放(fang)(fang)光(guang)再(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，有利于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)深(shen)部(bu)的(de)(de)長(chang)期(qi)不動的(de)(de)物(wu)質的(de)(de)活化。放(fang)(fang)光(guang)的(de)(de)意思是(shi)，騎到控制器電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)欠壓保(bao)護動作為止。

　　需要提(ti)醒客戶(hu)幾(ji)點：1，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)新電(dian)(dian)池(chi)投入使用(yong)8－10個(ge)(ge)月后，要對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行檢查(cha)和(he)維護(hu)。2，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)名牌(pai)車配套(tao)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器是經過(guo)篩選的，通常不(bu)用(yong)測試，但是單獨到市場(chang)上采購的非配套(tao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，一(yi)(yi)定要進行前(qian)述三個(ge)(ge)參(can)數的測試。3，有一(yi)(yi)種不(bu)帶工(gong)頻變壓(ya)(ya)器的可(ke)控硅充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，直接整流市電(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)流可(ke)到30A，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)12V－80V可(ke)調，未徹底切斷市電(dian)(dian)前(qian)，千萬(wan)不(bu)要摸(mo)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，貨(huo)運三輪使用(yong)這類充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的客戶(hu)特(te)別要注意(yi)安全。

鉛酸電池損壞的四大原因　　①失水 ②硫化 ③失衡 ④熱失控（充(chong)鼓）

　　前兩(liang)者①、②占了目前市場上(shang)電池(chi)損壞的97%。

　　（1）分析①：鉛酸(suan)電池失水的主要原因(yin)

　　鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)中的(de)電(dian)解(jie)液像(xiang)人體中的(de)血液一(yi)(yi)樣寶貴，電(dian)解(jie)液一(yi)(yi)旦喪失(shi)(shi)，就意味著電(dian)池(chi)報(bao)廢了(le)。電(dian)解(jie)液是(shi)由稀硫酸(suan)和水(shui)(shui)(shui)組成的(de)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程中，難以避免失(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)不一(yi)(yi)樣，失(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)也不一(yi)(yi)樣。普(pu)通(tong)(tong)三(san)段(duan)式(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程中的(de)失(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)是(shi)科林脈沖(chong)(chong)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)的(de)二(er)倍以上！電(dian)池(chi)除了(le)自然壽(shou)(shou)命外還有一(yi)(yi)個失(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壽(shou)(shou)命：單(dan)只電(dian)池(chi)失(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)超(chao)過90克(ke)(ke)，電(dian)池(chi)就報(bao)廢了(le)。在(zai)(zai)常(chang)溫(wen)下（25℃），普(pu)通(tong)(tong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器的(de)失(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)約為0.25克(ke)(ke)，而(er)(er)科林脈沖(chong)(chong)為0.12克(ke)(ke)。在(zai)(zai)高溫(wen)下（35℃），普(pu)通(tong)(tong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器的(de)失(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)為0.5克(ke)(ke)，而(er)(er)科林脈沖(chong)(chong)為0.23克(ke)(ke)。按此計算(suan)，普(pu)通(tong)(tong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器在(zai)(zai)250次循(xun)環(huan)后水(shui)(shui)(shui)分充(chong)(chong)干，而(er)(er)科林脈沖(chong)(chong)在(zai)(zai)600次循(xun)環(huan)后水(shui)(shui)(shui)分才會充(chong)(chong)干。因此，科林脈沖(chong)(chong)能(neng)延(yan)長電(dian)池(chi)一(yi)(yi)倍以上的(de)壽(shou)(shou)命。（出示(shi)超(chao)威公司報(bao)告，并(bing)畫曲線圖。）

　　鉛酸蓄電池在充電過程中的最(zui)大(da)問題(ti)是析氣(qi)。

　　根據美(mei)國(guo)科(ke)學家(jia)馬斯(J.A.Mas) 對(dui)鉛酸(suan)電池充(chong)電過程中(zhong)析氣原因和(he)規律的研究，為達到最(zui)低析氣率，鉛酸(suan)電池能夠接受充(chong)電電流曲線如(ru)下：

　　臨界析氣(qi)曲(qu)線的公(gong)式為：I=I0e-at %h^2

　　在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流超(chao)過臨界(jie)析氣曲線的部分，只(zhi)能導致蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解水反應而產生氣體和(he)溫升，不能提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的容量

　　① 恒流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階段，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流保持恒定(ding)，充(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)量快(kuai)速(su)增(zeng)加，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓上升(sheng)；

　　② 恒壓充(chong)電(dian)階段，充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓保持恒定，充(chong)入(ru)電(dian)量繼續(xu)增加，充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流下降；

　　③ 蓄電池(chi)充滿(man)，電流下降(jiang)到低于浮充轉換電流，充電電壓(ya)降(jiang)低到浮充電壓(ya)；

　　④ 浮充充電(dian)階段(duan)，充電(dian)電(dian)壓保持為浮充電(dian)壓；

　　普通三階(jie)段充(chong)電第一(yi)階(jie)段為恒流(liu)充(chong)電，這主要是(shi)考慮到電路的設計比(bi)較方便，并非(fei)為使蓄電池性能最佳(jia)而(er)設計。

　　按(an)照鉛酸蓄電池(chi)充(chong)電析(xi)氣曲線，普通三階段充(chong)電過程的析(xi)氣情況如圖 ：

　　恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)段后期和恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)前期（陰(yin)影區），電(dian)(dian)流超過臨界析氣曲線(xian)，造(zao)成蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)析氣，引起(qi)壽(shou)命下(xia)降。

　　超(chao)過臨界(jie)析氣(qi)曲線的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流僅使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池產生氣(qi)體和(he)溫升，未轉化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)量，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率也(ye)因此降低。

　　解(jie)決①：脈沖(chong)解(jie)決失水的方(fang)案

　　科(ke)林(lin)脈沖恒動率階段(duan)(duan)的時(shi)(shi)(shi)間，比普通(tong)充(chong)電(dian)器恒流+恒壓階段(duan)(duan)要(yao)縮短了近一個小時(shi)(shi)(shi)，而這一個小時(shi)(shi)(shi)的高壓段(duan)(duan)充(chong)電(dian)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)分散發的關鍵(jian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻。科(ke)林(lin)脈沖以電(dian)壓參(can)數為(wei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)燈(deng)依據(ju)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)燈(deng)進入智能(neng)脈沖很準確(que)，而普通(tong)充(chong)電(dian)器以電(dian)流參(can)數為(wei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)燈(deng)依據(ju)，一旦電(dian)池硫化(hua)，內(nei)阻(zu)加大，充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流也加大，很難達到轉(zhuan)(zhuan)燈(deng)電(dian)流，很容易造(zao)成高壓段(duan)(duan)長時(shi)(shi)(shi)間充(chong)電(dian)，加速水(shui)(shui)解。

　　（2）分析(xi)②：鉛(qian)酸(suan)電池硫(liu)化(hua)的原因

　　電(dian)池(chi)長期(qi)滯留，充(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)中的(de)長期(qi)過充(chong)和欠充(chong)，使用過程(cheng)中的(de)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)，極(ji)(ji)易造成電(dian)池(chi)的(de)硫(liu)化(hua)。它的(de)表象為：一放就光，一充(chong)就飽，我(wo)們(men)把它叫做(zuo)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)“假(jia)損壞(huai)”。硫(liu)化(hua)物質(zhi)硫(liu)酸鹽粘(zhan)附在極(ji)(ji)板上，縮減了(le)電(dian)解液與極(ji)(ji)板的(de)反應面積，使電(dian)池(chi)容量迅速衰減。失水(shui)會加重電(dian)池(chi)的(de)硫(liu)化(hua)；硫(liu)化(hua)又(you)會加重電(dian)池(chi)的(de)失水(shui)，易形(xing)成惡性循環。

　　解決②：科林脈(mo)沖解決硫化的方案

　　科林(lin)脈(mo)沖(chong)運(yun)用智能脈(mo)沖(chong)中的尖峰脈(mo)沖(chong)，可以擊碎硫酸鉛結晶的晶核，使之難以形成硫酸鹽(yan)。

　　智(zhi)能脈沖(chong)充電器：①恒功率、②智(zhi)能脈沖(chong)、③滴充

　　普通三(san)段(duan)式：①恒流(liu)、②恒壓、③浮充

　　（3）分(fen)析③：鉛酸電池的失衡(heng)問題(ti)

　　一組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)由三(san)到(dao)四只(zhi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。由于制造(zao)工藝問(wen)題，無法做到(dao)每(mei)只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)絕對(dui)平衡，普通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器使(shi)用(yong)平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，使(shi)容量(liang)小的(de)單(dan)只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最先充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，并(bing)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，這只(zhi)容量(liang)小的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最先放完(wan)，并(bing)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)過放。長期如此(ci)，惡(e)性(xing)循(xun)環，使(shi)整(zheng)組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)出現單(dan)只(zhi)落后(hou)，從而使(shi)整(zheng)組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)報廢。三(san)段式充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)階段，有500mA的(de)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，它的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是補償(chang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)飽。但它也帶來兩個副(fu)作(zuo)用(yong):1、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)飽后(hou)，多(duo)余的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)沒有關斷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉化(hua)為(wei)熱(re)能(neng)，進行水分(fen)解，加(jia)速水份(fen)的(de)散發；2、小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，產生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)分(fen)叉很大，更容易(yi)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)(zu)的(de)不(bu)平衡。

　　解決(jue)③：脈沖解決(jue)電(dian)池(chi)組失衡方案(an)

　　科林(lin)脈沖(chong)(chong)的失(shi)(shi)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是普通(tong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的三分之一(yi)，失(shi)(shi)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)少(shao)(shao)，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差(cha)會小；反之，失(shi)(shi)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差(cha)大(da)(da)。隨著失(shi)(shi)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的加大(da)(da)，硫化(hua)也會加重，而(er)普通(tong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器沒有去除(chu)(chu)硫化(hua)功(gong)能，所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)失(shi)(shi)衡(heng)嚴重。科林(lin)脈沖(chong)(chong)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，失(shi)(shi)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)少(shao)(shao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差(cha)也小，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)產(chan)生硫化(hua)后(hou)，能用脈沖(chong)(chong)去除(chu)(chu)，使整組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)趨向平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)。科林(lin)脈沖(chong)(chong)恒(heng)功(gong)率階(jie)段(duan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流較大(da)(da)，作用是:1、快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，節省(sheng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間；2、激(ji)活電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板(ban)，消除(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)鈍化(hua)現(xian)象(xiang)，恢(hui)復電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)，使整組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的容量(liang)(liang)(liang)趨于平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)。滴充(chong)階(jie)段(duan)，能消除(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流分叉(cha)的影響，對欠充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)滴充(chong)，充(chong)滿后(hou)自動(dong)關斷，減少(shao)(shao)水(shui)分解，保(bao)持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)的平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)。

　　（4）分析(xi)④：鉛酸電池的熱失控問題

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)變形不是(shi)突(tu)發的(de)(de)，往往是(shi)有一個過(guo)程的(de)(de)。蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充電(dian)(dian)到(dao)容量(liang)的(de)(de)80%，左右進入(ru)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓充電(dian)(dian)區，這(zhe)時，在正(zheng)極板上(shang)先析出氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通過(guo)隔(ge)板中(zhong)的(de)(de)孔，到(dao)達(da)負極，在負極板上(shang)進行(xing)氧(yang)復活反應(ying)：2Pb+O2（氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)）=2PbO+Q（熱(re)量(liang)）；PbO+H2SO4=PbSO4+H2O+Q（熱(re)量(liang)）。反應(ying)時產(chan)生熱(re)量(liang)，當充電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)達(da)到(dao)90%時，氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)發生速度增大，負極開(kai)始(shi)產(chan)生氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，大量(liang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)增加使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內壓超過(guo)閥壓，安全閥打(da)開(kai)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)逸出，最終表現為失水(shui)。2H2O=2H2↑+O2↑。隨著蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)循環次數的(de)(de)增加，水(shui)分逐(zhu)漸減(jian)少，結果(guo)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)出現如下情況：

　　⑴ 氧氣(qi)“通(tong)道(dao)”變得暢通(tong)，正極(ji)產生的氧化很(hen)容易通(tong)過(guo)“通(tong)道(dao)”到達負極(ji)；

　　⑵ 熱容(rong)(rong)減小，在蓄(xu)電(dian)池中(zhong)熱容(rong)(rong)量(liang)最大(da)的是水(shui)，水(shui)損失后，蓄(xu)電(dian)池熱容(rong)(rong)大(da)大(da)減小，產生的熱量(liang)使蓄(xu)電(dian)池溫度升高很(hen)快；

　　⑶ 由于(yu)失水后蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)超細玻(bo)璃纖維(wei)隔板發生收縮(suo)現(xian)象，使(shi)之與正負(fu)極(ji)板的(de)(de)附著力變差(cha)，內阻增(zeng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)發熱量(liang)(liang)加大(da)(da)(da)(da)。經(jing)過(guo)(guo)上述過(guo)(guo)程，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部產(chan)生的(de)(de)熱量(liang)(liang)只能(neng)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)槽散(san)熱，如散(san)熱量(liang)(liang)小于(yu)發熱量(liang)(liang)，即(ji)出(chu)現(xian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)上升現(xian)象。溫(wen)(wen)度(du)上升，使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)析氣(qi)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位降低，析氣(qi)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，正極(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)氧化通過(guo)(guo)“通道”，在(zai)負(fu)極(ji)表面反應，發出(chu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)熱量(liang)(liang)，使(shi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)快速上升，形成(cheng)惡性循環，即(ji)所謂的(de)(de)“熱失控(kong)”。

　　解(jie)決④：科林脈沖(chong)解(jie)決熱失(shi)控的(de)方案

　　科(ke)林脈沖有溫(wen)度補償功能(neng)，通(tong)過(guo)熱(re)敏電(dian)子采集外界和機內溫(wen)度，智能(neng)調節(jie)(jie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓，使冬季節(jie)(jie)不(bu)欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)，夏(xia)季不(bu)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，有效解決熱(re)失控。科(ke)林脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)參數是動(dong)態(tai)的，變化的；普通(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)是靜態(tai)的，固定(ding)的。所以，普通(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)不(bu)可避(bi)免的會出現夏(xia)季過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)和冬季欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)問題。

　　東科達(da)脈沖(chong)已經擁有4項國(guo)家專利(li)(li)對產品(pin)(pin)進(jin)行保護(hu)。使用東科達(da)產品(pin)(pin)，不(bu)僅可以(yi)增加賣點，還可以(yi)提升品(pin)(pin)牌形象(xiang)，突出產品(pin)(pin)的(de)差(cha)異化，擴大利(li)(li)潤空間。

　　為了(le)消費者的(de)利益，我們一起(qi)來(lai)探(tan)討！

編輯本段電動車充電器維修方法
1.目測法
　　看，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)：比較明顯的(de)(de)特征(zheng)是電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)里(li)面包含著一(yi)定溶液，在超標工作(zuo)環境下，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)會(hui)發熱自(zi)爆以瀉身(shen)心不(bu)能(neng)承(cheng)受的(de)(de)壓力(li)，有些質量比較差的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)會(hui)自(zi)爆到尸首也找不(bu)到，號稱(cheng) 無影無蹤小(xiao)鞭炮，只留(liu)下一(yi)些細小(xiao)的(de)(de)碎紙屑。電(dian)(dian)阻：發熱和過載后(hou)，會(hui)變(bian)色或(huo)冒煙，當然電(dian)(dian)阻也會(hui)自(zi)爆，炸斷或(huo)自(zi)身(shen)一(yi)部分飛離。

2.電阻法
　　使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)數字萬用(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)，對懷疑部分(fen)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路進(jin)行(xing)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)，一(yi)般我(wo)們(men)(men)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)二極管檔進(jin)行(xing)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)，就是短路2支表(biao)(biao)筆，萬用(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)叫的(de)那(nei)個(ge)檔，測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻前(qian)我(wo)們(men)(men)會(hui)(hui)(hui)做(zuo)一(yi)些(xie)必要的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)為，在確認沒有插市電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)情況下， 我(wo)們(men)(men)一(yi)一(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鑷(nie)子去(qu)短路一(yi)些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)發出(chu)火花和聲響不要害怕，然后進(jin)行(xing)我(wo)們(men)(men)的(de)在路阻值測(ce)(ce)量(liang)。

3.電壓法
　　學會(hui)測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓是維修(xiu)的(de)(de)基(ji)本技(ji)能(neng)之(zhi)一，帶電(dian)(dian)在路(lu)測量(liang)是比較危險(xian)的(de)(de)行為，必要(yao)的(de)(de)時候我(wo)們(men)還(huan)(huan)是需要(yao)這么去做(zuo)，這個行為不(bu)單單是我(wo)們(men)自(zi)身的(de)(de)安全(quan)問題，還(huan)(huan)有由于操(cao)作出(chu)現意外損壞(huai)充電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)可能(neng)性十分(fen)的(de)(de)大，如(ru)果出(chu)現把充電(dian)(dian)器測量(liang)壞(huai)了(le)，我(wo)們(men)不(bu)要(yao)沮喪和難過(guo)，最好的(de)(de)技(ji)工，都會(hui)出(chu)現錯誤，就算是大師(shi)也不(bu)能(neng)避免。我(wo)們(men)只要(yao)記得測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓有著(zhu)明確的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)性，千萬不(bu)要(yao)盲目(mu)的(de)(de)帶電(dian)(dian)四(si)處亂量(liang)，這個是大忌。

4.代換法
　　代(dai)換(huan)就(jiu)(jiu)是把一些器件(jian)(jian)，進行替(ti)(ti)換(huan)，替(ti)(ti)換(huan)的(de)器件(jian)(jian)可(ke)能(neng)是用(yong)新的(de)，或是從一個(ge)能(neng)正常工作(zuo)的(de)充電器上(shang)面拆(chai)下來的(de)，為什(shen)么要進行代(dai)換(huan)呢？這個(ge)方法一般我(wo)們(men)維修進入了相對來說(shuo)的(de)瓶頸(jing)，我(wo)們(men)就(jiu)(jiu)會產(chan)生(sheng)這么的(de)思(si)路，代(dai)換(huan)比較適合(he)于(yu)(yu)特定的(de)器件(jian)(jian)如：電容，集成塊等一些可(ke)能(neng)軟性損壞(huai)的(de)器件(jian)(jian)，對于(yu)(yu)其他的(de)硬(ying)性器件(jian)(jian)，我(wo)們(men)不用(yong)也沒有必要去考慮去代(dai)換(huan)它

5.對比法
　　所謂的對比法(fa)(fa)，就是找一(yi)個一(yi)模(mo)一(yi)樣的或者相似的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器我們(men)以它(ta)作為一(yi)個模(mo)板，進行比較，多方面(mian)的去排除和縮小故障的范圍，這其中(zhong)包括(kuo)：電(dian)(dian)阻法(fa)(fa)，電(dian)(dian)壓法(fa)(fa)，替換法(fa)(fa)！