電動車充電器 是(shi)專門(men)為電(dian)動自行車(che)的電(dian)瓶配(pei)置的一個(ge)(ge)充(chong)電(dian)設備！電(dian)動車(che)普遍使用了所(suo)謂(wei)三段(duan)式充(chong)電(dian)器，第一個(ge)(ge)階段(duan)叫恒流階段(duan)，第二個(ge)(ge)階段(duan)叫恒壓階段(duan)，第三個(ge)(ge)階段(duan)叫涓(juan)流階段(duan)。 

　　

　　常(chang)用(yong)的開關電(dian)源式(shi)充電(dian)器又分半橋式(shi)和單(dan)(dan)激(ji)式(shi)兩(liang)(liang)大類，單(dan)(dan)激(ji)類又分為(wei)正激(ji)式(shi)和反(fan)激(ji)式(shi)兩(liang)(liang)類。半橋式(shi)成本高，性能好，常(chang)用(yong)于帶負脈沖的充電(dian)器；單(dan)(dan)激(ji)式(shi)成本低，市場占有率高。

負脈沖充電器
　　鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)已經有100多(duo)年的(de)歷史了，開始全球(qiu)普(pu)遍沿引老的(de)觀點和操(cao)作規程：充、放電(dian)(dian)率(lv)為0.1C(C是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量)壽命較(jiao)長(chang)。美國人麥(mai)斯先生(sheng)為解決快(kuai)速充電(dian)(dian)問題(ti)，1967年向全世(shi)界公(gong)布了他的(de)研究成果(guo)，用(yong)大于1C率(lv)脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)間(jian)歇時對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)。放電(dian)(dian)有利于消除(chu)極(ji)化、降低(di)電(dian)(dian)解液溫度、提(ti)高極(ji)板接受電(dian)(dian)荷的(de)能力。

　　我國一些科(ke)技(ji)工作(zuo)者在1969年前(qian)后，根(gen)據麥斯(si)先生(sheng)的三定律制作(zuo)成功了多種品牌的快速充(chong)(chong)電機。充(chong)(chong)電循環過程是：大(da)電流脈沖充(chong)(chong)電→切斷充(chong)(chong)電通路→對電池短暫放電→停(ting)止(zhi)放電→接通充(chong)(chong)電通路→大(da)電流脈沖充(chong)(chong)電……

　　2000年前后，有人將這一原理用到了電動車充電器中，充電過程中，不切斷充電通路，用小電阻將電池短路瞬間，進行放電。短路時由于不切斷充電通路，在充電通路中串連了電感。一般在1秒內短路3－5毫秒（1秒=1000毫秒），由于電感里的電流不能跳變，短路時間短促，可以保護充電器的電(dian)源轉換部分。如果把充電(dian)電(dian)流方向叫正，放(fang)電(dian)自(zi)然(ran)為負(fu)了，電(dian)動車業就出現(xian)了名詞“負(fu)脈沖充電(dian)器(qi)”，而且稱可以延長電(dian)池壽命等等。

三段式充電器
　　從電(dian)子(zi)技術角度針(zhen)對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)而言：第(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫充(chong)電(dian)限流(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)二個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫高恒壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)三(san)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫低恒壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)比較貼切。第(di)(di)二階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)轉(zhuan)換(huan)時，面板指(zhi)示燈(deng)相應變換(huan)，大(da)多(duo)數充(chong)電(dian)器第(di)(di)一(yi)、二階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是紅(hong)燈(deng)，第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)變綠燈(deng)。第(di)(di)二階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)相互轉(zhuan)換(huan)是由充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)決定的(de)，大(da)于某電(dian)流(liu)進入第(di)(di)一(yi)第(di)(di)二階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，小于某電(dian)流(liu)進入第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。這個(ge)電(dian)流(liu)叫轉(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)流(liu)，也叫轉(zhuan)折電(dian)流(liu)。

　　早期充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，包括(kuo)名牌(pai)車配套的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，雖然也(ye)變燈，但實(shi)際是恒壓(ya)(ya)限流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，并不是三階段充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。一般(ban)這(zhe)類就一個穩定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值，44.2V左右，對當時的(de)高比重硫酸的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池還湊(cou)合。

　　關(guan)于三段(duan)式充電器(qi)的三個關(guan)鍵(jian)參數

　　第一個重要(yao)參(can)數是涓(juan)流階(jie)段(duan)的低恒(heng)壓(ya)值，第二個重要(yao)參(can)數是第二階(jie)段(duan)的高恒(heng)壓(ya)值，第三(san)個重要(yao)參(can)數是轉換電(dian)流。這三(san)個重要(yao)參(can)數與電(dian)池(chi)數目有(you)關(guan)(guan)，與電(dian)池(chi)的容量Ah有(you)關(guan)(guan)，與溫度有(you)關(guan)(guan)，與電(dian)池(chi)種類有(you)關(guan)(guan)。為了(le)方便大家(jia)記憶，下面以最常見的電(dian)動自(zi)行車（三(san)塊(kuai)12V串聯的10Ah電(dian)池(chi)）所用的三(san)段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)器為例簡(jian)單介紹一下：

　　首先(xian)討論涓流階段(duan)的低(di)(di)恒(heng)壓值(zhi)，參(can)(can)考(kao)電(dian)壓為42.5V左右。此(ci)(ci)值(zhi)高將(jiang)使電(dian)池(chi)失水(shui)，容易(yi)使電(dian)池(chi)發(fa)熱變形(xing)；此(ci)(ci)值(zhi)低(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)利(li)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)池(chi)充足電(dian)。此(ci)(ci)值(zhi)在南方要(yao)低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)41.5V；膠體電(dian)池(chi)要(yao)低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)41.5V，如在南方還(huan)要(yao)低(di)(di)一點(dian)兒(er)。這個參(can)(can)數是(shi)相對(dui)嚴格的，不(bu)(bu)可以大于(yu)(yu)參(can)(can)考(kao)值(zhi)。

　　其次(ci)討論第(di)二(er)階段的高(gao)(gao)恒壓值(zhi)，參考電(dian)壓為(wei)44.5V左右(you)。此(ci)(ci)值(zhi)高(gao)(gao)有利于快速充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)，但(dan)是容易使(shi)電(dian)池失水，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)后期(qi)電(dian)流(liu)下(xia)不(bu)(bu)來，結果使(shi)電(dian)池發(fa)熱變形；此(ci)(ci)值(zhi)低(di)不(bu)(bu)利于電(dian)池快速充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)，有利于向(xiang)涓流(liu)階段轉換。這(zhe)個(ge)值(zhi)雖然沒(mei)有第(di)一個(ge)值(zhi)那樣嚴格，但(dan)是也(ye)不(bu)(bu)要過高(gao)(gao)。

　　最(zui)后討論轉換電(dian)(dian)流，參(can)考(kao)電(dian)(dian)流為(wei)300毫(hao)安(an)左右。此值(zhi)高(gao)有利(li)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命(ming)，不(bu)容易發熱變形(xing)，但不(bu)利(li)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)；此值(zhi)低（對(dui)外行）有利(li)于(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)，但是(shi)由于(yu)(yu)較(jiao)長時(shi)(shi)間高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，容易使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)失水，使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發熱變形(xing)。特別個別電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)出(chu)現問題時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流降不(bu)到轉折電(dian)(dian)流以(yi)下時(shi)(shi)，會(hui)連(lian)累(lei)好電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)也被充(chong)(chong)(chong)壞。給出(chu)的參(can)考(kao)值(zhi)有一(yi)定范圍(wei)，正負50毫(hao)安(an)甚至100毫(hao)安(an)都是(shi)允許(xu)的，但是(shi)不(bu)允許(xu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)200毫(hao)安(an)。

　　目前，市場上(shang)出現了很多高恒壓(ya)值(zhi)為(wei)46.5V、低恒壓(ya)值(zhi)為(wei)41.5V、轉折電流大于500毫安的反激式廉價充電器。

　　如果是四(si)塊12V電池(chi)的(de)充電器(qi)即48V充電器(qi)，前兩個參(can)數為(wei)(wei)前述電壓(ya)參(can)考值(zhi)除以(yi)三乘以(yi)四(si)。高恒壓(ya)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)59.5V左右、低恒壓(ya)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)56.5V左右。

　　電(dian)池如(ru)果比10Ah大，將(jiang)第(di)三個參(can)數電(dian)流值適當增大，例(li)如(ru)17Ah電(dian)池可大到500毫安。

　　買(mai)新充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)要檢查(cha)三段(duan)(duan)式充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的三個重(zhong)要參數(shu)，用(yong)戶一(yi)般可以自(zi)己測得(de)第(di)三階段(duan)(duan)的低恒壓值。方法是，不(bu)接電(dian)池(chi)，給充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)加市電(dian)，用(yong)數(shu)字萬用(yong)表的200V直流(liu)電(dian)壓檔測充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的輸出電(dian)壓。另兩(liang)個參數(shu)高(gao)恒壓值和轉(zhuan)折電(dian)流(liu)一(yi)般需(xu)要專用(yong)工具才(cai)能測得(de)。

　　再補充(chong)(chong)(chong)一些(xie)正(zheng)確的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法：1，變綠燈后(hou)(hou)再接著充(chong)(chong)(chong)2－3小時。2，原則是(shi)淺放(fang)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)）勤充(chong)(chong)(chong)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)），每次用(yong)到50%以(yi)后(hou)(hou)再充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，不(bu)要充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)太頻繁這(zhe)樣會縮(suo)短電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命 3，長期(qi)不(bu)騎，要定期(qi)（1個月）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一次。4，長期(qi)淺放(fang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，3個月左右，作(zuo)一次深放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，就是(shi)所謂(wei)放(fang)光(guang)再充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，有利于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)深部的長期(qi)不(bu)動的物質的活(huo)化(hua)。放(fang)光(guang)的意思是(shi)，騎到控制器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)欠(qian)壓保護動作(zuo)為止。

　　需要(yao)(yao)提(ti)醒客戶幾(ji)點：1，一(yi)般新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)投入使用(yong)8－10個月后，要(yao)(yao)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)查和維(wei)護。2，一(yi)般名牌車配套的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器是經過篩選的(de)，通常不用(yong)測試，但(dan)是單(dan)獨到(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場上采購(gou)的(de)非配套充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行(xing)前(qian)述三個參數(shu)的(de)測試。3，有一(yi)種不帶工頻(pin)變壓器的(de)可控(kong)硅充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，直接整流市(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可到(dao)30A，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓12V－80V可調，未徹底(di)切斷市(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)，千萬不要(yao)(yao)摸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，貨運(yun)三輪使用(yong)這(zhe)類充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)客戶特別要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意安全。

鉛酸電池損(sun)壞的(de)四大(da)原因　　①失水 ②硫(liu)化 ③失衡 ④熱(re)失控（充鼓）

　　前兩者(zhe)①、②占了目前市(shi)場上(shang)電池(chi)損壞的97%。

　　（1）分析(xi)①：鉛酸(suan)電池失水(shui)的主要原因

　　鉛酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)像人體中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)血液(ye)一(yi)樣(yang)寶貴(gui)，電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)一(yi)旦喪失(shi)(shi)(shi)，就意味著電(dian)(dian)池報(bao)廢了。電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)是(shi)由稀硫酸(suan)(suan)和水(shui)組成(cheng)的(de)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，難以(yi)避(bi)免(mian)失(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)模式(shi)(shi)不一(yi)樣(yang)，失(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)也不一(yi)樣(yang)。普通(tong)三段(duan)式(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)模式(shi)(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)量(liang)是(shi)科(ke)(ke)林脈沖(chong)模式(shi)(shi)的(de)二倍(bei)以(yi)上！電(dian)(dian)池除(chu)了自然壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)外還有一(yi)個失(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)：單(dan)只電(dian)(dian)池失(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)90克(ke)，電(dian)(dian)池就報(bao)廢了。在(zai)(zai)常溫(wen)下（25℃），普通(tong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)量(liang)約為0.25克(ke)，而科(ke)(ke)林脈沖(chong)為0.12克(ke)。在(zai)(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)下（35℃），普通(tong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)量(liang)為0.5克(ke)，而科(ke)(ke)林脈沖(chong)為0.23克(ke)。按此(ci)計算，普通(tong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)在(zai)(zai)250次循環(huan)后水(shui)分充(chong)干，而科(ke)(ke)林脈沖(chong)在(zai)(zai)600次循環(huan)后水(shui)分才會充(chong)干。因此(ci)，科(ke)(ke)林脈沖(chong)能延(yan)長(chang)電(dian)(dian)池一(yi)倍(bei)以(yi)上的(de)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)。（出示(shi)超(chao)威公司報(bao)告，并畫(hua)曲線圖。）

　　鉛(qian)酸蓄電池在充電過程中(zhong)的(de)最大(da)問題是析(xi)氣。

　　根據美國科(ke)學(xue)家馬斯(J.A.Mas) 對(dui)鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)過程中析(xi)(xi)氣原(yuan)因和規律的研究(jiu)，為達到(dao)最(zui)低析(xi)(xi)氣率，鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)能(neng)夠接(jie)受充電(dian)電(dian)流曲(qu)線如(ru)下(xia)：

　　臨界析氣曲線的公式為：I=I0e-at %h^2

　　在充電(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中，充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)臨界(jie)析(xi)氣(qi)曲線的部分(fen)，只能導致(zhi)蓄電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)解水反應而產生氣(qi)體和溫升(sheng)，不能提高電(dian)池(chi)的容量

　　① 恒(heng)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)階段(duan)，充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保持恒(heng)定，充入電(dian)(dian)量(liang)快速增加，電(dian)(dian)壓上升(sheng)；

　　② 恒(heng)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)階段，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓保持恒(heng)定，充入電(dian)(dian)(dian)量繼續增加，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流下(xia)降；

　　③ 蓄電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，電(dian)流(liu)下(xia)降(jiang)到低(di)于浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)轉換電(dian)流(liu)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓降(jiang)低(di)到浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓；

　　④ 浮(fu)充充電階段，充電電壓保持為浮(fu)充電壓；

　　普通三(san)階段(duan)充電第一階段(duan)為(wei)恒流(liu)充電，這主要是考慮(lv)到電路的設(she)計(ji)比較方(fang)便，并非(fei)為(wei)使蓄電池性能最佳而設(she)計(ji)。

　　按照鉛(qian)酸蓄電池(chi)充電析(xi)氣曲(qu)線，普通三階段(duan)充電過程的析(xi)氣情況如(ru)圖 ：

　　恒流充電(dian)段后期(qi)和恒壓充電(dian)前(qian)期(qi)（陰影(ying)區(qu)），電(dian)流超過(guo)臨界(jie)析氣曲線(xian)，造成(cheng)蓄(xu)電(dian)池析氣，引起壽命(ming)下降。

　　超過臨界析氣曲線(xian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流僅使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池產生(sheng)氣體和(he)溫升(sheng)，未轉(zhuan)化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)量，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率也因此降低。

　　解決①：脈沖(chong)解決失(shi)水的(de)方案

　　科林(lin)脈(mo)沖恒動(dong)率階段的時(shi)(shi)間，比普通充(chong)電器恒流(liu)+恒壓階段要縮(suo)短(duan)了(le)近一個(ge)小時(shi)(shi)，而這一個(ge)小時(shi)(shi)的高壓段充(chong)電是水分散發的關鍵(jian)時(shi)(shi)刻。科林(lin)脈(mo)沖以電壓參(can)(can)數為轉燈(deng)(deng)依據，轉燈(deng)(deng)進入智能脈(mo)沖很(hen)準確，而普通充(chong)電器以電流(liu)參(can)(can)數為轉燈(deng)(deng)依據，一旦電池硫(liu)化，內阻加大，充(chong)電電流(liu)也加大，很(hen)難達到(dao)轉燈(deng)(deng)電流(liu)，很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)造成高壓段長時(shi)(shi)間充(chong)電，加速水解。

　　（2）分析②：鉛酸電池硫化的原因

　　電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)長期(qi)滯留，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)長期(qi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)和(he)欠充(chong)(chong)，使(shi)用過(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)大(da)電(dian)流放電(dian)，極(ji)易造(zao)成電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)硫(liu)化(hua)。它的(de)表象(xiang)為：一(yi)放就光(guang)，一(yi)充(chong)(chong)就飽，我們把(ba)它叫做(zuo)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)“假損壞”。硫(liu)化(hua)物質硫(liu)酸鹽粘附在極(ji)板(ban)上，縮減(jian)了電(dian)解液與極(ji)板(ban)的(de)反應面(mian)積(ji)，使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量迅速衰減(jian)。失(shi)水(shui)會加(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)硫(liu)化(hua)；硫(liu)化(hua)又(you)會加(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)失(shi)水(shui)，易形(xing)成惡性循環。

　　解決②：科林(lin)脈沖解決硫(liu)化的方案

　　科林脈(mo)沖運(yun)用智(zhi)能脈(mo)沖中的尖(jian)峰(feng)脈(mo)沖，可以擊碎(sui)硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)結晶的晶核，使(shi)之(zhi)難以形成(cheng)硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽。

　　智能(neng)脈(mo)(mo)沖充電器：①恒功(gong)率(lv)、②智能(neng)脈(mo)(mo)沖、③滴(di)充

　　普通三段式：①恒(heng)流、②恒(heng)壓、③浮(fu)充(chong)

　　（3）分析③：鉛酸電(dian)池的失衡問題

　　一組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)由三到四只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)成。由于制(zhi)造工藝問題，無法做到每只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)絕對平衡，普(pu)通充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器使用平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，使容量小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)單只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最先充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，并形成過充(chong)(chong)(chong)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，這只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容量小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最先放完，并形成過放。長期(qi)如此，惡性(xing)循環，使整組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)出現單只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)落后，從(cong)而使整組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)報廢。三段(duan)式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)階(jie)段(duan)，有(you)500mA的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，它的(de)(de)作用是補償充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)飽。但它也帶(dai)來兩個(ge)副作用:1、充(chong)(chong)(chong)飽后，多余的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)沒有(you)關斷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉化為熱(re)能，進行水分解，加速(su)水份的(de)(de)散發；2、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，產生的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)分叉很大，更(geng)容易造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)不平衡。

　　解決③：脈沖解決電池組(zu)失衡方案

　　科(ke)林脈(mo)沖的(de)失(shi)(shi)水(shui)量(liang)是普(pu)通充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)三分(fen)之(zhi)一，失(shi)(shi)水(shui)量(liang)少，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差(cha)會小；反之(zhi)，失(shi)(shi)水(shui)量(liang)大(da)，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差(cha)大(da)。隨著失(shi)(shi)水(shui)量(liang)的(de)加(jia)大(da)，硫化也(ye)會加(jia)重(zhong)，而(er)普(pu)通充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器沒有去除(chu)硫化功(gong)能，所(suo)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組失(shi)(shi)衡(heng)嚴重(zhong)。科(ke)林脈(mo)沖在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，失(shi)(shi)水(shui)量(liang)少，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差(cha)也(ye)小，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)產生硫化后，能用脈(mo)沖去除(chu)，使整組電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)趨向平(ping)衡(heng)。科(ke)林脈(mo)沖恒功(gong)率階(jie)(jie)段的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)較大(da)，作用是:1、快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，節省充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間；2、激活(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板，消(xiao)除(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)鈍化現(xian)象，恢復(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)，使整組電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)容(rong)量(liang)趨于平(ping)衡(heng)。滴(di)充(chong)(chong)階(jie)(jie)段，能消(xiao)除(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)分(fen)叉的(de)影響，對欠充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)滴(di)充(chong)(chong)，充(chong)(chong)滿(man)后自動關斷，減(jian)少水(shui)分(fen)解，保持電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)平(ping)衡(heng)。

　　（4）分析④：鉛酸電池(chi)的(de)熱失控問(wen)題

　　蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)變形不(bu)是突發的(de)，往往是有(you)一個過(guo)程的(de)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)到容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)80%，左右進(jin)入(ru)高電(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)區，這時，在正極(ji)板(ban)上先析(xi)出氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)，氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)通過(guo)隔板(ban)中的(de)孔，到達(da)負極(ji)，在負極(ji)板(ban)上進(jin)行氧(yang)復活(huo)反應：2Pb+O2（氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)）=2PbO+Q（熱量(liang)(liang)(liang)）；PbO+H2SO4=PbSO4+H2O+Q（熱量(liang)(liang)(liang)）。反應時產生(sheng)熱量(liang)(liang)(liang)，當充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達(da)到90%時，氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)發生(sheng)速(su)度(du)增(zeng)大，負極(ji)開(kai)始產生(sheng)氫氣(qi)(qi)，大量(liang)(liang)(liang)氣(qi)(qi)體的(de)增(zeng)加使蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)壓超(chao)過(guo)閥(fa)壓，安(an)全(quan)閥(fa)打開(kai)，氣(qi)(qi)體逸(yi)出，最終表現為失水(shui)。2H2O=2H2↑+O2↑。隨著蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)循環次數(shu)的(de)增(zeng)加，水(shui)分逐漸減少，結果蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)出現如下(xia)情(qing)況：

　　⑴ 氧氣“通道”變得暢(chang)通，正(zheng)極產(chan)生的(de)氧化很容易通過“通道”到達(da)負極；

　　⑵ 熱容減小，在蓄(xu)電(dian)池中熱容量最大的是(shi)水，水損(sun)失(shi)后(hou)，蓄(xu)電(dian)池熱容大大減小，產(chan)生的熱量使蓄(xu)電(dian)池溫度升高很快；

　　⑶ 由(you)于失水后蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中超細玻(bo)璃(li)纖(xian)維隔板發(fa)生(sheng)收縮現象，使(shi)之與(yu)正負極(ji)(ji)板的附(fu)著力(li)變(bian)差，內(nei)阻(zu)增大(da)，充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中發(fa)熱量(liang)(liang)加大(da)。經(jing)過(guo)上(shang)(shang)述過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部產(chan)生(sheng)的熱量(liang)(liang)只能(neng)經(jing)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)槽散熱，如散熱量(liang)(liang)小(xiao)于發(fa)熱量(liang)(liang)，即出現溫(wen)度上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)現象。溫(wen)度上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)，使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)析氣過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位降低，析氣量(liang)(liang)增大(da)，正極(ji)(ji)大(da)量(liang)(liang)的氧化通過(guo)“通道”，在負極(ji)(ji)表面(mian)反應(ying)，發(fa)出大(da)量(liang)(liang)的熱量(liang)(liang)，使(shi)溫(wen)度快(kuai)速上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)，形成惡(e)性循環，即所謂的“熱失控”。

　　解決(jue)④：科林脈沖解決(jue)熱(re)失控的方案

　　科林脈沖有溫度補(bu)償功(gong)能，通(tong)過(guo)熱敏電(dian)(dian)子采集外界和機內(nei)溫度，智能調節充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓，使冬(dong)季(ji)節不(bu)欠(qian)(qian)充，夏季(ji)不(bu)過(guo)充，有效解決熱失(shi)控。科林脈沖充電(dian)(dian)參數是(shi)動態(tai)的，變(bian)化的；普通(tong)充電(dian)(dian)器是(shi)靜態(tai)的，固定(ding)的。所以(yi)，普通(tong)充電(dian)(dian)器不(bu)可避免的會出現(xian)夏季(ji)過(guo)充和冬(dong)季(ji)欠(qian)(qian)充問題。

　　東(dong)科(ke)(ke)達脈沖已經擁(yong)有4項國家專利對產品進行保(bao)護(hu)。使用東(dong)科(ke)(ke)達產品，不僅可(ke)以增加賣點，還可(ke)以提升品牌(pai)形象(xiang)，突出(chu)產品的差異化，擴大利潤空間(jian)。

　　為了消(xiao)費者(zhe)的利益(yi)，我們(men)一起來(lai)探討！

編輯本段電動車充電器維修方法
1.目測法
　　看，電(dian)容(rong)：比(bi)較(jiao)明顯的特征是(shi)電(dian)容(rong)里面(mian)包含(han)著一(yi)(yi)定溶液，在超(chao)標工(gong)作環境下，電(dian)容(rong)會(hui)發熱(re)(re)自(zi)(zi)爆(bao)(bao)以瀉身(shen)心不能承(cheng)受(shou)的壓(ya)力，有些質量(liang)比(bi)較(jiao)差的電(dian)容(rong)會(hui)自(zi)(zi)爆(bao)(bao)到尸首(shou)也(ye)找不到，號稱 無(wu)影無(wu)蹤小鞭(bian)炮(pao)，只留(liu)下一(yi)(yi)些細小的碎紙屑。電(dian)阻：發熱(re)(re)和過載后，會(hui)變(bian)色或(huo)冒(mao)煙(yan)，當然電(dian)阻也(ye)會(hui)自(zi)(zi)爆(bao)(bao)，炸(zha)斷或(huo)自(zi)(zi)身(shen)一(yi)(yi)部分飛離。

2.電阻法
　　使用數字萬(wan)(wan)用表，對懷疑部分(fen)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)進行(xing)測(ce)(ce)量，一般我(wo)們(men)使用二極管檔進行(xing)測(ce)(ce)量，就是短路(lu)2支表筆(bi)，萬(wan)(wan)用表會(hui)(hui)叫的(de)(de)那(nei)個檔，測(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)前我(wo)們(men)會(hui)(hui)做(zuo)一些必要(yao)的(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)行(xing)為，在確認沒有插市電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下， 我(wo)們(men)一一用鑷子去短路(lu)一些電(dian)(dian)容，電(dian)(dian)容放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)會(hui)(hui)發出火花(hua)和聲響不要(yao)害怕，然后(hou)進行(xing)我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)在路(lu)阻(zu)值測(ce)(ce)量。

3.電壓法
　　學會(hui)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)維修的基本技能之一，帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)在路測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)比較危險的行為，必要的時候我們還是(shi)需要這(zhe)么去(qu)做，這(zhe)個行為不(bu)(bu)單(dan)單(dan)是(shi)我們自身的安全問題，還有由于操作出(chu)現(xian)意(yi)外損壞充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的可能性十分的大，如(ru)果出(chu)現(xian)把充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)壞了，我們不(bu)(bu)要沮喪和難過(guo)，最好(hao)的技工，都會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)錯(cuo)誤，就算是(shi)大師也不(bu)(bu)能避免。我們只要記得測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓有著明(ming)確的目的性，千萬不(bu)(bu)要盲目的帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)四處亂量(liang)(liang)(liang)，這(zhe)個是(shi)大忌。

4.代換法
　　代換就(jiu)是把(ba)一(yi)些(xie)器(qi)件(jian)，進(jin)(jin)行替換，替換的器(qi)件(jian)可(ke)能是用(yong)新(xin)的，或是從(cong)一(yi)個能正常(chang)工作的充電器(qi)上面拆下來的，為什么要進(jin)(jin)行代換呢(ni)？這個方法一(yi)般我(wo)們維修進(jin)(jin)入(ru)了相對來說的瓶(ping)頸(jing)，我(wo)們就(jiu)會產生這么的思路，代換比(bi)較適合于(yu)特(te)定的器(qi)件(jian)如(ru)：電容，集成(cheng)塊等(deng)一(yi)些(xie)可(ke)能軟性(xing)損壞的器(qi)件(jian)，對于(yu)其他的硬(ying)性(xing)器(qi)件(jian)，我(wo)們不用(yong)也沒有必要去考慮去代換它

5.對比法
　　所謂(wei)的(de)對比法，就是找一個一模一樣的(de)或者相似的(de)充電(dian)器我們(men)以它作為一個模板，進行(xing)比較，多(duo)方面的(de)去排(pai)除和縮小故障的(de)范圍，這(zhe)其中包(bao)括：電(dian)阻法，電(dian)壓(ya)法，替換法！