消費電子產品以及(ji)許多(duo)其他行業都(dou)越來越講究產品的(de)(de)移動性，醫(yi)(yi)療器械(xie)制(zhi)(zhi)造商(shang)(shang)也不(bu)例(li)外(wai)，這樣的(de)(de)趨勢提高了(le)現(xian)場(chang)救(jiu)助設備、監控(kong)設備和固定醫(yi)(yi)療設備的(de)(de)性能，進而推動了(le)醫(yi)(yi)療保健行業的(de)(de)發展(zhan)。不(bu)過除了(le)便攜性以外(wai)，醫(yi)(yi)療器械(xie)制(zhi)(zhi)造商(shang)(shang)當(dang)然(ran)還(huan)希望能夠制(zhi)(zhi)造出可靠性高的(de)(de)器械(xie)，因為人(ren)們的(de)(de)生命往往命懸一線。手機壞了(le)固然(ran)是惱(nao)人(ren)的(de)(de)事(shi)，但如果便攜式(shi)心臟(zang)監控(kong)儀或者輸液泵由于(yu)電池耗盡而停(ting)止運作(zuo)，終端用(yong)戶(hu)――及(ji)病人(ren)――面(mian)臨的(de)(de)問題則嚴重得多(duo)。 一種(zhong)能量(liang)密度更(geng)高的(de)(de)技術可以釋放比(bi)其它同類產品更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)能量(liang)，且體積更(geng)小。

    幾年前，醫療專業人員還無法將救助生命的設備帶到現場；因為那時便攜式儀器的技術尚未成熟。但如今，大量的監控儀器、超聲設備和輸液泵可在遠離醫院的場所使用――甚至戰場。便攜式設備的移動越來越方便。正是由于諸如鋰離子電池等(deng)技術(shu)的應用(yong)，重達50磅的笨重除(chu)顫器(qi)才可以被更(geng)輕便(bian)、更(geng)緊(jin)湊的用(yong)戶友好型裝置取(qu)代，也不會(hui)造成醫(yi)護人(ren)員肌肉的拉傷。

    病(bing)人的(de)(de)(de)移動性也(ye)變得越來越重要。如今的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)人可能會從放射(she)科轉(zhuan)移到(dao)(dao)重癥監護病(bing)房，從救(jiu)(jiu)護車(che)轉(zhuan)移到(dao)(dao)急救(jiu)(jiu)室，或用救(jiu)(jiu)護車(che)從一家醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)轉(zhuan)移到(dao)(dao)另一家醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)。同(tong)樣地(di)，便攜式家用儀器和移動式監控設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)普(pu)及(ji)，使病(bing)人可以待在(zai)(zai)喜歡的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方，而(er)并不一定要留在(zai)(zai)醫(yi)(yi)療機構中。便攜式醫(yi)(yi)療器械(xie)必須(xu)真正實現完全意義(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)便攜，為病(bing)人提供最佳服(fu)務。

    對更小(xiao)型(xing)、更輕便的醫療器械的需(xu)求(qiu)也因此(ci)顯著(zhu)增加，這大(da)大(da)激發了人們對更高能量密(mi)度、更小(xiao)巧的電(dian)池組(zu)的興趣。筆記本(ben)電(dian)腦(nao)和手機(ji)使用(yong)的鋰(li)離子電(dian)池技術已經有(you)了許多突破(po)，醫療設備(bei)設計工(gong)程師可(ke)以對此(ci)加以創新利用(yong)。

    與其它傳統技術相比(bi)，鋰離子電池(chi)(chi)在便攜式醫療設備的(de)應用(yong)中具(ju)有很多(duo)優勢。這包括能量(liang)密度更高、重量(liang)更輕、循環壽(shou)命更長、電池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)保持特性(xing)更好，以及(ji)適(shi)用(yong)溫(wen)度范圍更廣。

    由于(yu)化學性質獨(du)特，鋰離(li)子(zi)技(ji)(ji)術對設(she)計方面的限(xian)制與先(xian)前的電池(chi)(chi)技(ji)(ji)術如鎳氫化合(he)物(NiMH)、鎳鎘(ge)(NiCd)和密(mi)封鉛酸(SLA)不同(tong)。同(tong)時，醫療設(she)備在某(mou)些方面比消(xiao)費電子(zi)產品(pin)有(you)更嚴格的操作要(yao)(yao)求；由于(yu)可(ke)靠(kao)性非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)，因此需要(yao)(yao)有(you)功能強大的電池(chi)(chi)組，帶有(you)精確電量監測且可(ke)靠(kao)的電池(chi)(chi)。

    本文結合醫(yi)療器械(xie)的要(yao)求(qiu)及鋰(li)離子(zi)技術(shu)的特性，概述了(le)便(bian)攜式(shi)電源系統設計(ji)的注意事項。并比較(jiao)了(le)鋰(li)離子(zi)電池和其(qi)它(ta)化(hua)學電池的特性和容量。

    能量(liang)密度(du)和電(dian)壓

    鋰離子電池技術的主要優勢在于其能量密度的顯著提高。相同體積和重量時，鋰離子電池可儲存和(he)釋放的(de)能量比其它充電電池更高。能量密(mi)度以體(ti)積和(he)質量兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)式測量。鋰(li)離子技術(shu)現可以提供近500Wh/L的(de)體(ti)積能量密(mi)度和(he)200Wh/kg的(de)質量能量密(mi)度(見圖1)。

    圖1.鋰(li)離子的能量密度遠高于鎳化合(he)物。

    與其它技術相比，鋰離子(zi)(zi)可以釋放更(geng)多的(de)能(neng)量(liang)，而且體積更(geng)小(xiao)，質量(liang)更(geng)輕。鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)工作電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)比其它充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)更(geng)高，通常約為3.7V，而NiCd或NiMH電(dian)(dian)池(chi)為1.2V。這意味(wei)著(zhu)需要使用多節(jie)其它電(dian)(dian)池(chi)時，僅(jin)需一(yi)節(jie)鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)即可滿(man)足使用要求。便攜(xie)式儀器設計中使用的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)能(neng)量(liang)密度越(yue)高，其產品(pin)的(de)體積越(yue)小(xiao)，便攜(xie)性也(ye)越(yue)好。

    電(dian)池(chi)組體(ti)積(ji)的縮(suo)小表示工(gong)程師(shi)可以利用多(duo)余空間，在同一產品中增添更多(duo)新功(gong)能(見(jian)圖2)。

    圖2.鋰離(li)子(zi)電池有圓柱(zhu)形(xing)和棱柱(zhu)形(xing)兩種形(xing)狀，可制成不同尺寸和容量的(de)電池。

    自放電

    充電電池的容(rong)量會(hui)不斷(duan)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)。該(gai)現象即稱為自(zi)放電。但若儲存得當，其(qi)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)的大部(bu)分容(rong)量仍可恢復。

    所有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池均應(ying)在(zai)(zai)室溫（25°C或更低）下(xia)儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)，以保(bao)持最(zui)(zui)大的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量(liang)。終(zhong)端用戶須(xu)將SLA電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)低溫下(xia)儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)，并盡可能每次(ci)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)接近其(qi)容(rong)量(liang)的100%，以保(bao)持最(zui)(zui)佳性能。密封鉛電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)25°C下(xia)放(fang)(fang)(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)6個月后(hou)(hou)自(zi)(zi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)約(yue)為20%；但40°C放(fang)(fang)(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)6個月后(hou)(hou)該值則(ze)增加到(dao)約(yue)30%。NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池也應(ying)遵循(xun)類似的建議，避免(mian)長期儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)使反應(ying)物失活。NiCd和NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)25°C下(xia)放(fang)(fang)(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)1個月，其(qi)自(zi)(zi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)約(yue)為20%，隨后(hou)(hou)自(zi)(zi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)的增速顯著減慢(man)。相反，當鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)時的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)為30-50%時，可獲得最(zui)(zui)佳循(xun)環壽命。鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池25°C儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)6個月后(hou)(hou)的自(zi)(zi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)僅為10%。

    倍(bei)率特性

    選(xuan)擇(ze)材(cai)料時(shi)(shi)，應考慮到其終(zhong)端裝置的涌流(liu)和最大放(fang)電(dian)(dian)率。電(dian)(dian)池或電(dian)(dian)池組以(yi)高倍(bei)率放(fang)電(dian)(dian)會造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下降。如果設計時(shi)(shi)沒有考慮到這方面，終(zhong)端裝置可能會由于電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不足而關閉(bi)。

    高(gao)倍(bei)率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)NiCd電(dian)池(chi)的(de)連(lian)續(xu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)可達2C（電(dian)池(chi)額定容量的(de)兩倍(bei)）甚至更高(gao)，具體取決于電(dian)池(chi)原料及內部(bu)阻抗。許多SLA電(dian)池(chi)的(de)連(lian)續(xu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)可達3C甚至更高(gao)。大部(bu)分的(de)鋰離(li)子電(dian)池(chi)的(de)連(lian)續(xu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)僅(jin)為(wei)1C，但采用(yong)該技術(shu)的(de)新電(dian)池(chi)，其連(lian)續(xu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)極(ji)高(gao)，達到(dao)80A，可持續(xu)30秒，在與NiCd和SLA電(dian)池(chi)的(de)競爭中(zhong)具有很大的(de)優勢。

    循環壽命

    電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)循環壽命(ming)是電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)下(xia)降到其(qi)原始容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)某一(yi)規定百分比(bi)之(zhi)前，電(dian)池(chi)所(suo)經歷的(de)(de)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)循環次(ci)(ci)數(shu)。鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)循環壽命(ming)約(yue)為(wei)250至(zhi)500次(ci)(ci)，具體取(qu)決于制造商(shang)的(de)(de)產品質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和放(fang)電(dian)深度（放(fang)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)最多至(zhi)額(e)定容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)60%）。NiCd、NiMH和鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)通常可耐(nai)受500-700次(ci)(ci)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)循環，其(qi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)僅下(xia)降為(wei)額(e)定容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)80%。不管使(shi)用何(he)種(zhong)化(hua)學物質(zhi)，電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)深度越深，用戶可使(shi)用的(de)(de)循環次(ci)(ci)數(shu)就越少(shao)。

    充(chong)電(dian)差異

    鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)不同于其(qi)它電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。SLA電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最好采(cai)(cai)用(yong)恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，速率通(tong)常為額定容(rong)量(liang)的1/10(C/10)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)為14-16小時(shi)(shi)，或涓流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率為C/20至(zhi)C/30。NiCd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的終止推薦采(cai)(cai)用(yong)-△V的方式(shi)(shi)，此時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓到(dao)達峰值。NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)由于其(qi)發熱的特點，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中要求采(cai)(cai)用(yong)溫度檢測，ΔT/Δt為其(qi)首選方式(shi)(shi)。特制(zhi)的快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)式(shi)(shi)NiCd和NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可在C/2-C/3的速率下(xia)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)4-6小時(shi)(shi)。極(ji)低阻尼鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)作(zuo)為快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的一種，可在1C速率下(xia)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)1小時(shi)(shi)。最后(hou)，鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)建議采(cai)(cai)用(yong)恒流/恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(CC/CV)。

    通常，鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池供電(dian)(dian)的(de)器械以(yi)1C的(de)速率充電(dian)(dian)60-75分(fen)鐘(zhong)至(zhi)4.1V后，即(ji)可(ke)從(cong)原來的(de)低能狀(zhuang)態達到電(dian)(dian)量80-90%的(de)狀(zhuang)態。其它電(dian)(dian)池，除可(ke)采用(yong)高電(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)的(de)特制電(dian)(dian)池外，同樣充電(dian)(dian)至(zhi)80-90%時可(ke)能需要更多的(de)時間。

   鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池還需慢充(chong)4-5小時至4.2V，獲(huo)得(de)剩(sheng)余的(de)(de)10-20%的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)。這(zhe)種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式有(you)兩個好處。用戶可以在極短的(de)(de)時間內獲(huo)得(de)接近滿充(chong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)，且充(chong)電(dian)(dian)完成后的(de)(de)實際電(dian)(dian)壓絕(jue)不(bu)會超(chao)過4.2V。

    須(xu)注意的(de)是：如果僅將鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)至(zhi)4.1V而非4.2V，可(ke)延長其循環壽命(ming)；但其每次(ci)可(ke)用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)將會下降(jiang)。在某些醫療器械(xie)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是一種后備裝置，它始終保持充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，以保證隨時(shi)可(ke)用。鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)化學性(xing)(xing)質決定其不適合采用涓流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不能采用恒定浮充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。但有(you)幾(ji)種方法可(ke)以在不損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或影響醫療器械(xie)的(de)基礎上，有(you)效降(jiang)低鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過度充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)可(ke)能性(xing)(xing)。方法之一是在觸發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)再次(ci)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)至(zhi)少為(wei)20%，隨后進行(xing)標準充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)技術與SLA相比(bi)顯著提高了能量(liang)密度，在大多數情(qing)況下足以防止(zhi)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)完全充(chong)滿。

    安全電(dian)路(lu)

    每種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)池技術(shu)均有(you)其一整(zheng)套安(an)全考慮(lv)。NiCd電(dian)(dian)池組帶有(you)某種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)分斷設備以防止發生(sheng)嚴(yan)重故(gu)障，這(zhe)是優秀的(de)電(dian)(dian)池設計必(bi)不可(ke)少的(de)。NiMH具(ju)有(you)發熱(re)的(de)化(hua)學性質，因此(ci)電(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)需配有(you)熱(re)量(liang)感應(ying)設備，與充電(dian)(dian)器相聯(lian)系，防止過(guo)度充電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)池組本身(shen)還帶有(you)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)分斷設備。在鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池組中(zhong)，一旦發生(sheng)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓，即有(you)鋰(li)(li)金屬產生(sheng)。這(zhe)說(shuo)明電(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)應(ying)使用安(an)全電(dian)(dian)路，使充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓保持(chi)在特定的(de)范(fan)圍內(見圖(tu)3)。

    圖3.鋰離子電(dian)池組(zu)設計中(zhong)需要采用電(dian)子安全(quan)裝置(zhi)。電(dian)池組(zu)內還包含電(dian)量監測(ce)裝置(zhi)和(he)充電(dian)電(dian)路。

    雖然(ran)SLA電(dian)池(chi)(chi)一般不(bu)需要外部(bu)安(an)全元件(jian)，但許多醫(yi)療(liao)設備制造(zao)商仍堅持(chi)將不(bu)可復位保(bao)(bao)險絲置于(yu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)部(bu)或周圍。由于(yu)大部(bu)分SLA電(dian)池(chi)(chi)都帶有(you)(you)突出(chu)的正負(fu)極板，如(ru)果沒有(you)(you)保(bao)(bao)險絲，當其置于(yu)金(jin)屬板上時(shi)，就很(hen)容(rong)易發生(sheng)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)，而金(jin)屬板大量存在于(yu)醫(yi)療(liao)保(bao)(bao)健設備中。這些電(dian)池(chi)(chi)還可能出(chu)現其它短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)的危險。如(ru)果發生(sheng)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)，裝(zhuang)置即(ji)有(you)(you)爆炸的可能。鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)的危險較小，安(an)全電(dian)路(lu)(lu)主要用(yong)于(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

    在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)加入安全電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)增加了器械的成本(ben)，耗費了更(geng)多的空間。設計者必須認識到(dao)這些都(dou)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的選擇(ze)過程中(zhong)會考慮(lv)到(dao)的權衡因(yin)素。總(zong)的來說，盡(jin)管(guan)有(you)安全電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的存在，鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)仍可以縮小電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組體積，減(jian)輕(qing)其重量，并能釋放更(geng)多的能量。

    電(dian)量監測

    來越(yue)(yue)多的(de)醫療器械制造商開始(shi)采用(yong)鋰離(li)子技(ji)術(shu)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管(guan)理特性(xing)在(zai)行(xing)業中也越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)常見。電(dian)(dian)量監測設備可(ke)以為終端用(yong)戶提(ti)供一些信息，如電(dian)(dian)池(chi)預計使用(yong)時間等(deng)。管(guan)理特性(xing)的(de)引(yin)入，很大程度(du)上明確了電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)量評(ping)估(gu)及充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)案的(de)執行(xing)。

    就(jiu)電(dian)池管理而言，使(shi)用(yong)鋰離(li)子電(dian)池的(de)(de)設計(ji)者有多(duo)種選擇方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)。例如，一些鋰離(li)子電(dian)池電(dian)量(liang)監測(ce)設備中含有信(xin)息(xi)(xi)特征，可以報告已經過的(de)(de)充放(fang)電(dian)循環次數(shu)。此類(lei)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)在一些重要的(de)(de)醫(yi)療設備中具有重要作用(yong)。電(dian)量(liang)監測(ce)基本方(fang)(fang)(fang)法有兩(liang)種：基于電(dian)壓和(he)庫(ku)侖計(ji)數(shu)。將兩(liang)種技術(shu)相結(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)解(jie)決方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)，其準(zhun)確(que)性高達99%。

    耐高溫性(xing)

    鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池在40°-45°C的(de)高(gao)溫條件下(xia)，性能優于(yu)其(qi)它電(dian)池。SLA和NiMH電(dian)池在高(gao)熱量環境(jing)下(xia)無(wu)法(fa)正常工作。這成為其(qi)在急救工具中使用(yong)的(de)一個限制因素，因為此時，使用(yong)者無(wu)法(fa)將他(ta)們的(de)便攜式器械保存(cun)在低溫環境(jing)下(xia)。

    在為便攜式器械選擇最佳(jia)電源(yuan)方案(an)時，必須對(dui)其總成本和整(zheng)體性能進(jin)行評(ping)估。

    鋰(li)離子技(ji)術(shu)的(de)高電(dian)壓特性(xing)可以(yi)減少電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)用量，由此降低(di)了電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)成本(ben)，使(shi)之與(yu)使(shi)用鎳技(ji)術(shu)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)大致(zhi)相當。此外，鋰(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)供應(ying)商(shang)不斷使(shi)用新材料(liao)，以(yi)降低(di)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)成本(ben)。

    鋰離子電池體積(ji)小、重量輕、能量高、循環壽(shou)命長、耐久性(xing)好、電壓高及耐熱性(xing)好的特(te)點(dian)使其具有(you)潛在的優(you)勢。醫(yi)療電子(zi)產品制(zhi)造商可以(yi)利用這些(xie)特(te)性(xing)，拓(tuo)寬產品市場，并(bing)最終給消費者、醫(yi)療專業人員和(he)病人帶來治療等方(fang)面的好處(chu)。