電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子技術是十九世紀末(mo)、二(er)十世紀初(chu)開始發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)起來(lai)的(de)(de)新(xin)興技術，二(er)十世紀發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)最迅速(su)，應用最廣泛，成(cheng)為近代(dai)科學技術發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個重要(yao)標(biao)志。 第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)代(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產(chan)品(pin)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子管(guan)(guan)為核心。四十年代(dai)末(mo)世界上(shang)(shang)誕生(sheng)了(le)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)只半導(dao)體三極管(guan)(guan)，它以小(xiao)巧(qiao)、輕便、省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、壽命長等特點，很(hen)快地被各國應用起來(lai)，在很(hen)大范圍(wei)內取(qu)代(dai)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子管(guan)(guan)。五十年代(dai)末(mo)期，世界上(shang)(shang)出現了(le)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)塊集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，它把許多晶體管(guan)(guan)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)件集(ji)成(cheng)在一(yi)(yi)塊硅芯片(pian)上(shang)(shang)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產(chan)品(pin)向更小(xiao)型化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)從小(xiao)規(gui)模集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)迅速(su)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)大規(gui)模集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)和(he)超大規(gui)模集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，從而使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產(chan)品(pin)向著高效能低消耗、高精度(du)、高穩(wen)定(ding)、智(zhi)能化(hua)的(de)(de)方向發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。

小型便攜式電子產品采用的鋰離子電池或鋰聚合物電池的容量較小，大部分在400~1000mAh范圍內，與之配套的充電器的最大充電電流為450~1000mAh.由于電流不大，一般采用線性充電器。鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)不足之(zhi)處在于(yu)(yu)(yu)對充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器要(yao)求比(bi)較苛刻，需(xu)要(yao)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)要(yao)求的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)(shi)恒流恒壓(ya)方式，為有(you)(you)效利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容量，需(xu)將鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)至最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)過(guo)壓(ya)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)損壞(huai)，這就要(yao)求較高的(de)控(kong)制精度。另外，對于(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)低的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)需(xu)要(yao)進行預充，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器最(zui)好帶有(you)(you)熱保(bao)護(hu)和(he)時間保(bao)護(hu)，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)提供附加保(bao)護(hu)。因(yin)此(ci)，安(an)全有(you)(you)效的(de)鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器對于(yu)(yu)(yu)鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)來(lai)說(shuo)就是(shi)(shi)必須而且是(shi)(shi)必要(yao)的(de)。

鋰離子電池充電器外接限流型充電電源和P溝道場效應管，可以對單節鋰離子電池進行安全有效的快充，其最大特點是在不使用電感的情況下仍能做到很低的功率耗散，采用8腳μMAX封裝。充電控制精度達0.75%,可以實現預充電，具有過壓保護和溫度保護功能，最長充電時間限制為鋰離子電池提供二次保護，鋰離子電池充電器的(de)(de)(de)浮充方(fang)式(shi)能夠(gou)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量充至最(zui)大。當充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在正常的(de)(de)(de)工作溫(wen)度范圍(wei)內時(shi)，插(cha)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)將(jiang)啟(qi)動一次充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程;充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束的(de)(de)(de)條件是(shi)平均的(de)(de)(de)脈(mo)沖充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達(da)到(dao)快(kuai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)1%,或時(shi)間(jian)超(chao)出片(pian)上預置的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)。鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)能夠(gou)自動檢(jian)測充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源時(shi)自動關斷以(yi)減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。啟(qi)動快(kuai)充后打(da)開外接的(de)(de)(de)P型場效應管，當檢(jian)測到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達(da)到(dao)設定的(de)(de)(de)門限(xian)時(shi)進入(ru)脈(mo)沖充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)，P溝道場效應管打(da)開的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)會越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)短，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束時(shi)，LED指示燈將(jiang)會按(an)12%的(de)(de)(de)周期(qi)閃爍(shuo)。

近(jin)年來，一些用電量(liang)稍大的便(bian)攜式(shi)電子(zi)產(chan)品(如便(bian)攜式(shi)DVD、礦燈、攝像機、便(bian)攜式(shi)測量(liang)儀器、小型電動工具等(deng))往往采用1500mAh到5400mAh容量(liang)的鋰離子(zi)電池。若采用500~1000mA充電電流充電器充電，則(ze)充電時間太長(chang)。

有人(ren)提(ti)出：能(neng)否在1A線性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器電(dian)路(lu)(lu)中加(jia)一個(ge)擴(kuo)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)，使充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)擴(kuo)大到(dao)2~2.5A,解(jie)決3000~5400mAh容量鋰離子電(dian)池的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)問題。如(ru)果(guo)擴(kuo)流(liu)(liu)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器性(xing)能(neng)不錯、電(dian)路(lu)(lu)簡單、成(cheng)本不高，這是個(ge)好主意(yi)。筆者就(jiu)按這一思路(lu)(lu)設計一個(ge)擴(kuo)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)。這電(dian)路(lu)(lu)采用型(xing)號為CN3056的1A線性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器為基(ji)礎，另(ling)外(wai)加(jia)上擴(kuo)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)及(ji)控制(zhi)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)組成(cheng)。

CN3056簡介

CN3056組(zu)成的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器按恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)、恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)模式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，若充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)<3V,則有(you)小電(dian)流(liu)預(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)模式;充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)可(ke)(ke)設定，最大(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)為1A;精電(dian)密度(du)4.2V±1%、有(you)熱調節、欠壓(ya)(ya)鎖存(cun)及(ji)電(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)檢(jian)(jian)測、超溫保護及(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)狀態和(he)溫度(du)超差指示功(gong)(gong)能;10引(yin)腳小尺寸DFN封(feng)裝(3mm×3mm)。CN3056是可(ke)(ke)以對單節鋰(li)離子(zi)或者(zhe)鋰(li)-聚合物電(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)/恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器電(dian)路(lu)。該器件內部包括功(gong)(gong)率晶體管，應(ying)用時不需要外部的電(dian)流(liu)檢(jian)(jian)測電(dian)阻和(he)阻流(liu)二極(ji)管

若充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率在0.5~1C之間、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)溫度在0~45℃之間(室(shi)溫充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))，則CN3056充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)可省去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)超溫指示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(引(yin)腳TEMP及FAULT端接(jie)地(di))，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)如圖(tu)1所(suo)示。VIN是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸入端、CE是使(shi)能端，(高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)有(you)效);RISET為(wei)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流ICH設定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，RISET(Ω)=1800(V)/ICH(A);CHRG為(wei)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態信號輸出端：充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時此端為(wei)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，LED亮;充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)時此端為(wei)高阻抗，LED滅;電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)未裝入或接(jie)觸不(bu)良，LED閃亮。