電(dian)子(zi)(zi)技(ji)術是十(shi)(shi)九世(shi)紀(ji)末(mo)、二(er)十(shi)(shi)世(shi)紀(ji)初開始發展(zhan)(zhan)起(qi)來(lai)的(de)(de)新興技(ji)術，二(er)十(shi)(shi)世(shi)紀(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)最迅速(su)，應(ying)用(yong)最廣泛，成為(wei)近代(dai)(dai)(dai)科學技(ji)術發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)一(yi)個重(zhong)要標志。 第(di)一(yi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)以電(dian)子(zi)(zi)管(guan)為(wei)核心。四(si)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)末(mo)世(shi)界上(shang)誕(dan)生了(le)第(di)一(yi)只半導體三(san)極(ji)管(guan)，它以小巧、輕便、省電(dian)、壽命長等特(te)點，很快地被(bei)各國應(ying)用(yong)起(qi)來(lai)，在很大(da)范圍(wei)內取代(dai)(dai)(dai)了(le)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)管(guan)。五(wu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)末(mo)期，世(shi)界上(shang)出(chu)現了(le)第(di)一(yi)塊(kuai)集成電(dian)路，它把(ba)許多晶體管(guan)等電(dian)子(zi)(zi)元件集成在一(yi)塊(kuai)硅芯(xin)片上(shang)，使電(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)向(xiang)更小型化發展(zhan)(zhan)。集成電(dian)路從小規(gui)模集成電(dian)路迅速(su)發展(zhan)(zhan)到大(da)規(gui)模集成電(dian)路和超大(da)規(gui)模集成電(dian)路，從而(er)使電(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)向(xiang)著高(gao)效能(neng)低(di)消耗、高(gao)精度(du)、高(gao)穩定、智(zhi)能(neng)化的(de)(de)方向(xiang)發展(zhan)(zhan)。

小型便攜式電子產品采用的鋰離子電池或鋰聚合物電池的容量較小，大部分在400~1000mAh范圍內，與之配套的充電器的最大充電電流為450~1000mAh.由于電流不大，一般采用線性充電器。鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)不(bu)足(zu)之處(chu)在于(yu)對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器要(yao)求比較苛刻，需(xu)要(yao)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)要(yao)求的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是恒(heng)流恒(heng)壓方式，為有效利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量，需(xu)將鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，但是過壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)損壞，這就(jiu)要(yao)求較高的(de)控(kong)制精度。另(ling)外(wai)，對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過低的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)需(xu)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)預充(chong)(chong)(chong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器最好帶(dai)有熱保護(hu)和時(shi)間保護(hu)，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)提供附加保護(hu)。因此，安全(quan)有效的(de)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器對(dui)于(yu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)來說(shuo)就(jiu)是必(bi)須而且是必(bi)要(yao)的(de)。

鋰離子電池充電器外接限流型充電電源和P溝道場效應管，可以對單節鋰離子電池進行安全有效的快充，其最大特點是在不使用電感的情況下仍能做到很低的功率耗散，采用8腳μMAX封裝。充電控制精度達0.75%,可以實現預充電，具有過壓保護和溫度保護功能，最長充電時間限制為鋰離子電池提供二次保護，鋰離子電池充電器的(de)(de)(de)(de)浮充(chong)(chong)方(fang)式能(neng)夠使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)充(chong)(chong)至最大。當充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作溫度范圍內時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，插入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)將啟動一(yi)次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程;充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件是平均(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流達到快充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)1%,或(huo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)超出(chu)片上預置的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)。鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器能(neng)夠自動檢測(ce)(ce)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，沒(mei)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自動關斷以減(jian)少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。啟動快充(chong)(chong)后打開外接的(de)(de)(de)(de)P型場(chang)效應管(guan)，當檢測(ce)(ce)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達到設定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)限時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進入脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式，P溝(gou)道場(chang)效應管(guan)打開的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)會(hui)越來越短，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，LED指示燈(deng)將會(hui)按12%的(de)(de)(de)(de)周期閃(shan)爍。

近年來，一些用電(dian)(dian)(dian)量稍(shao)大(da)的便攜式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子產(chan)品(如便攜式(shi)DVD、礦燈、攝像機、便攜式(shi)測量儀器、小型電(dian)(dian)(dian)動工(gong)具(ju)等)往(wang)往(wang)采用1500mAh到5400mAh容量的鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。若(ruo)采用500~1000mA充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，則充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間太長。

有(you)人(ren)提(ti)出：能否(fou)在1A線性充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中加一個擴流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，使充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)擴大(da)到(dao)2~2.5A,解決3000~5400mAh容量鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)問題(ti)。如果擴流(liu)(liu)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器性能不錯(cuo)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)簡單(dan)、成本不高，這是個好主意(yi)。筆者就按這一思路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)設計(ji)一個擴流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。這電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)采用型號為CN3056的1A線性充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器為基礎(chu)，另外加上擴流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)及控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)組成。

CN3056簡介

CN3056組成(cheng)的(de)充電(dian)器按(an)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)、恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)模式充電(dian)，若(ruo)充電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)<3V,則有(you)小電(dian)流(liu)預(yu)充電(dian)模式;充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)可設(she)定，最(zui)大(da)充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)為1A;精電(dian)密度(du)(du)4.2V±1%、有(you)熱調(diao)節(jie)、欠壓(ya)鎖存及電(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)檢(jian)測、超溫(wen)保護及充電(dian)狀態和(he)溫(wen)度(du)(du)超差指示功能;10引(yin)腳小尺(chi)寸DFN封裝(3mm×3mm)。CN3056是可以對單節(jie)鋰離子或者鋰-聚合物電(dian)池(chi)進行恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)/恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)充電(dian)的(de)充電(dian)器電(dian)路。該(gai)器件內部包(bao)括(kuo)功率(lv)晶體管(guan)，應用時(shi)不需(xu)要外部的(de)電(dian)流(liu)檢(jian)測電(dian)阻(zu)和(he)阻(zu)流(liu)二極(ji)管(guan)

若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率在0.5~1C之(zhi)間、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的溫(wen)度在0~45℃之(zhi)間(室溫(wen)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))，則CN3056充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中可省(sheng)去(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)超溫(wen)指示(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(引腳TEMP及(ji)FAULT端(duan)接(jie)(jie)地)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)如圖1所(suo)示(shi)(shi)。VIN是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸入端(duan)、CE是(shi)使能端(duan)，(高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平有效);RISET為(wei)(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流ICH設定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，RISET(Ω)=1800(V)/ICH(A);CHRG為(wei)(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態信號輸出端(duan)：充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)此端(duan)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平，LED亮;充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)時(shi)此端(duan)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)阻抗(kang)，LED滅;電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)未裝入或(huo)接(jie)(jie)觸不良，LED閃亮。