電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)是十(shi)九世(shi)紀(ji)末(mo)、二(er)十(shi)世(shi)紀(ji)初開始發展(zhan)(zhan)起(qi)(qi)來的(de)新興技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，二(er)十(shi)世(shi)紀(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)最迅(xun)速(su)，應用(yong)(yong)最廣泛(fan)，成(cheng)為近代(dai)(dai)科學技(ji)術(shu)(shu)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)一個重要標志。 第(di)一代(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產品以(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)管(guan)為核心。四十(shi)年(nian)代(dai)(dai)末(mo)世(shi)界上誕生了(le)(le)第(di)一只半導體三極管(guan)，它以(yi)(yi)小(xiao)巧、輕(qing)便(bian)、省電(dian)(dian)、壽命長(chang)等特點，很快地(di)被各國應用(yong)(yong)起(qi)(qi)來，在很大范圍(wei)內取(qu)代(dai)(dai)了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)管(guan)。五十(shi)年(nian)代(dai)(dai)末(mo)期(qi)，世(shi)界上出現(xian)了(le)(le)第(di)一塊集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路，它把許多晶體管(guan)等電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元(yuan)件集成(cheng)在一塊硅芯片上，使電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產品向(xiang)更小(xiao)型化發展(zhan)(zhan)。集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路從(cong)(cong)小(xiao)規(gui)模(mo)集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路迅(xun)速(su)發展(zhan)(zhan)到大規(gui)模(mo)集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路和超大規(gui)模(mo)集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路，從(cong)(cong)而使電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產品向(xiang)著高效能低消耗、高精度、高穩定(ding)、智(zhi)能化的(de)方(fang)向(xiang)發展(zhan)(zhan)。

小型便攜式電子產品采用的鋰離子電池或鋰聚合物電池的容量較小，大部分在400~1000mAh范圍內，與之配套的充電器的最大充電電流為450~1000mAh.由于電流不大，一般采用線性充電器。鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)不足之(zhi)處在(zai)于(yu)對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)要(yao)求比較苛刻(ke)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)要(yao)求的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是恒流恒壓方式，為(wei)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量，需(xu)(xu)將鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，但是過(guo)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)損壞(huai)，這就要(yao)求較高的(de)控制精度。另外，對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)低的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)進行預充(chong)(chong)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)最(zui)好(hao)帶有(you)(you)熱保(bao)護(hu)和時間保(bao)護(hu)，為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)提供附加保(bao)護(hu)。因此，安全(quan)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)對于(yu)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)來說就是必(bi)須而且是必(bi)要(yao)的(de)。

鋰離子電池充電器外接限流型充電電源和P溝道場效應管，可以對單節鋰離子電池進行安全有效的快充，其最大特點是在不使用電感的情況下仍能做到很低的功率耗散，采用8腳μMAX封裝。充電控制精度達0.75%,可以實現預充電，具有過壓保護和溫度保護功能，最長充電時間限制為鋰離子電池提供二次保護，鋰離子電池充電器的(de)(de)(de)浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)能夠使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量充(chong)(chong)(chong)至最(zui)大。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)工作溫度(du)范圍內時(shi)(shi)，插入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)將啟動(dong)一次充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程;充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束的(de)(de)(de)條件是平均(jun)的(de)(de)(de)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流達(da)到快充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)1%,或時(shi)(shi)間(jian)超出片上預置的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器能夠自(zi)(zi)動(dong)檢(jian)測(ce)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源時(shi)(shi)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)關斷以減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。啟動(dong)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)后打(da)開外接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)P型場(chang)效(xiao)應管(guan)，當檢(jian)測(ce)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達(da)到設定的(de)(de)(de)門限時(shi)(shi)進入(ru)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，P溝(gou)道場(chang)效(xiao)應管(guan)打(da)開的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)會(hui)越(yue)來越(yue)短，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束時(shi)(shi)，LED指(zhi)示燈將會(hui)按12%的(de)(de)(de)周期閃(shan)爍。

近年來，一些用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量稍大的便(bian)攜式電(dian)子(zi)產(chan)品(如便(bian)攜式DVD、礦燈、攝像機、便(bian)攜式測量儀器、小型電(dian)動工具(ju)等)往往采用(yong)(yong)1500mAh到5400mAh容(rong)量的鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池。若采用(yong)(yong)500~1000mA充電(dian)電(dian)流充電(dian)器充電(dian)，則充電(dian)時間太長。

有人提出：能否在1A線性充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中加(jia)一(yi)個(ge)擴(kuo)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，使(shi)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)擴(kuo)大到2~2.5A,解決3000~5400mAh容(rong)量鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池的充電(dian)(dian)問題(ti)。如果(guo)擴(kuo)流(liu)(liu)的充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)性能不(bu)錯、電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)簡單、成(cheng)本不(bu)高，這是個(ge)好主意。筆者就按這一(yi)思路(lu)(lu)設計一(yi)個(ge)擴(kuo)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。這電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)采(cai)用型號為(wei)CN3056的1A線性充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)為(wei)基礎，另外加(jia)上擴(kuo)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)及控制電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)組(zu)成(cheng)。

CN3056簡介

CN3056組成的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)按恒(heng)流、恒(heng)壓模式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，若充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓<3V,則有小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式;充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可設(she)定，最(zui)大充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為1A;精電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)密度(du)(du)4.2V±1%、有熱(re)調節(jie)、欠壓鎖存及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度(du)(du)檢(jian)測(ce)、超溫保(bao)護及(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態和溫度(du)(du)超差指示(shi)功能;10引(yin)腳(jiao)小尺寸DFN封裝(3mm×3mm)。CN3056是可以對單節(jie)鋰離(li)子或者鋰-聚合(he)物電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行恒(heng)流/恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。該器(qi)(qi)件內部包(bao)括功率晶體(ti)管，應(ying)用時不需要外部的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻和阻流二極管

若充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)率(lv)在0.5~1C之間(jian)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的溫度(du)在0~45℃之間(jian)(室溫充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian))，則(ze)CN3056充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)路中可省去電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度(du)檢測電(dian)(dian)路及電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)超溫指(zhi)示(shi)電(dian)(dian)路(引腳TEMP及FAULT端接(jie)地)，電(dian)(dian)路如圖1所(suo)示(shi)。VIN是電(dian)(dian)源輸入(ru)端、CE是使(shi)能端，(高電(dian)(dian)平有效);RISET為(wei)(wei)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流ICH設定電(dian)(dian)阻，RISET(Ω)=1800(V)/ICH(A);CHRG為(wei)(wei)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀態信號(hao)輸出端：充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時此端為(wei)(wei)高電(dian)(dian)平，LED亮(liang)(liang);充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)結束時此端為(wei)(wei)高阻抗，LED滅;電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)未裝入(ru)或接(jie)觸不良，LED閃(shan)亮(liang)(liang)。