電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)技術是(shi)十(shi)九世(shi)紀(ji)末(mo)、二(er)十(shi)世(shi)紀(ji)初(chu)開始發(fa)(fa)(fa)展起來的新興技術，二(er)十(shi)世(shi)紀(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展最(zui)迅(xun)速，應用(yong)最(zui)廣泛，成(cheng)為近代科學技術發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的一(yi)(yi)個重要標志。 第一(yi)(yi)代電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)品(pin)以電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)管(guan)為核心。四十(shi)年(nian)代末(mo)世(shi)界(jie)上誕生(sheng)了第一(yi)(yi)只半導(dao)體(ti)三極管(guan)，它(ta)以小巧、輕(qing)便、省電(dian)(dian)、壽命長等(deng)特點，很(hen)(hen)快地(di)被(bei)各國應用(yong)起來，在很(hen)(hen)大范圍(wei)內取代了電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)管(guan)。五十(shi)年(nian)代末(mo)期(qi)，世(shi)界(jie)上出現了第一(yi)(yi)塊集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路，它(ta)把許多晶(jing)體(ti)管(guan)等(deng)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元(yuan)件集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)在一(yi)(yi)塊硅芯(xin)片上，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)品(pin)向(xiang)更(geng)小型化發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路從小規(gui)模(mo)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路迅(xun)速發(fa)(fa)(fa)展到大規(gui)模(mo)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路和超大規(gui)模(mo)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路，從而使(shi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)品(pin)向(xiang)著高(gao)效能低消(xiao)耗、高(gao)精度、高(gao)穩定、智能化的方(fang)向(xiang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。

小型便攜式電子產品采用的鋰離子電池或鋰聚合物電池的容量較小，大部分在400~1000mAh范圍內，與之配套的充電器的最大充電電流為450~1000mAh.由于電流不大，一般采用線性充電器。鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不足(zu)之處在于(yu)對充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器要求比較(jiao)苛刻，需要保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)是(shi)恒(heng)流恒(heng)壓方式(shi)，為(wei)有效(xiao)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量，需將鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，但是(shi)過壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)損壞(huai)，這就要求較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)精度。另(ling)外，對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)需要進行預充，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器最好帶有熱保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和時(shi)間(jian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)提供附(fu)加保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。因(yin)此，安(an)全(quan)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器對于(yu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)來說就是(shi)必須而且(qie)是(shi)必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

鋰離子電池充電器外接限流型充電電源和P溝道場效應管，可以對單節鋰離子電池進行安全有效的快充，其最大特點是在不使用電感的情況下仍能做到很低的功率耗散，采用8腳μMAX封裝。充電控制精度達0.75%,可以實現預充電，具有過壓保護和溫度保護功能，最長充電時間限制為鋰離子電池提供二次保護，鋰離子電池充電器的(de)(de)(de)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)方式(shi)能(neng)夠使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量充(chong)(chong)(chong)至最大。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)正常的(de)(de)(de)工作溫度范圍內時(shi)(shi)，插入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)將啟(qi)動一次充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程;充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束的(de)(de)(de)條件是平均的(de)(de)(de)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流達(da)(da)到快充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)1%,或時(shi)(shi)間超(chao)出(chu)片上(shang)預置的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間。鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器能(neng)夠自動檢測充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時(shi)(shi)自動關斷以減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。啟(qi)動快充(chong)(chong)(chong)后打開外(wai)接的(de)(de)(de)P型(xing)場效(xiao)(xiao)應管，當(dang)檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達(da)(da)到設定的(de)(de)(de)門限時(shi)(shi)進入脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)，P溝道場效(xiao)(xiao)應管打開的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間會(hui)越來越短，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束時(shi)(shi)，LED指示(shi)燈將會(hui)按12%的(de)(de)(de)周期閃爍。

近年來，一些(xie)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量稍(shao)大的便(bian)攜式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產品(如便(bian)攜式(shi)DVD、礦(kuang)燈、攝像機(ji)、便(bian)攜式(shi)測(ce)量儀器(qi)、小(xiao)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動工具等)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)采用1500mAh到5400mAh容(rong)量的鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。若(ruo)采用500~1000mA充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間太長(chang)。

有人提出：能否在1A線性充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)加(jia)一個(ge)擴(kuo)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，使(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)擴(kuo)大到2~2.5A,解決3000~5400mAh容量鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)問題。如果擴(kuo)流(liu)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)性能不(bu)錯(cuo)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)路簡(jian)單、成(cheng)本(ben)不(bu)高，這是個(ge)好主(zhu)意。筆者就按這一思(si)路設計一個(ge)擴(kuo)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。這電(dian)(dian)(dian)路采用型號(hao)為(wei)CN3056的1A線性充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)為(wei)基礎(chu)，另外(wai)加(jia)上擴(kuo)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路及控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路組(zu)成(cheng)。

CN3056簡介

CN3056組成的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)按恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、恒(heng)壓(ya)模(mo)式(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，若充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)<3V,則有(you)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)預充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi);充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)可(ke)設定(ding)，最大充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)1A;精電(dian)(dian)密度4.2V±1%、有(you)熱調節、欠壓(ya)鎖存及(ji)電(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)度檢測(ce)、超(chao)溫(wen)保護及(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀態和溫(wen)度超(chao)差指示功(gong)能;10引腳(jiao)小(xiao)尺寸DFN封裝(3mm×3mm)。CN3056是可(ke)以(yi)對(dui)單節鋰離子或者鋰-聚合物電(dian)(dian)池進行恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)/恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)。該(gai)器(qi)件(jian)內(nei)部包括功(gong)率晶(jing)體管(guan)，應用時不需要外部的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)阻和阻流(liu)(liu)(liu)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)

若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率在(zai)(zai)0.5~1C之間、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)在(zai)(zai)0~45℃之間(室溫(wen)(wen)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))，則CN3056充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中可省去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)及(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)超溫(wen)(wen)指(zhi)示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(引腳TEMP及(ji)(ji)FAULT端(duan)(duan)接地(di))，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)如圖1所示。VIN是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸入端(duan)(duan)、CE是使能端(duan)(duan)，(高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)有效(xiao));RISET為充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流ICH設定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，RISET(Ω)=1800(V)/ICH(A);CHRG為充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態信號輸出端(duan)(duan)：充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)此端(duan)(duan)為高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，LED亮;充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束時(shi)此端(duan)(duan)為高(gao)(gao)阻抗，LED滅;電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)未裝入或接觸不良，LED閃(shan)亮。