電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)技術(shu)是十(shi)(shi)九世(shi)紀(ji)末、二十(shi)(shi)世(shi)紀(ji)初開始(shi)發展(zhan)起來的(de)新興技術(shu)，二十(shi)(shi)世(shi)紀(ji)發展(zhan)最迅(xun)(xun)速(su)，應用最廣(guang)泛，成(cheng)(cheng)為近代(dai)(dai)科學(xue)技術(shu)發展(zhan)的(de)一(yi)個重要標志。 第(di)(di)一(yi)代(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)品(pin)以電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)管為核心。四(si)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)代(dai)(dai)末世(shi)界上(shang)(shang)誕(dan)生了第(di)(di)一(yi)只(zhi)半導體三極(ji)管，它以小(xiao)(xiao)巧(qiao)、輕便、省電(dian)(dian)、壽命長等特點，很(hen)快地被各國應用起來，在很(hen)大范圍內取代(dai)(dai)了電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)管。五十(shi)(shi)年(nian)代(dai)(dai)末期，世(shi)界上(shang)(shang)出(chu)現了第(di)(di)一(yi)塊集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路，它把許多晶體管等電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元件(jian)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)在一(yi)塊硅芯(xin)片上(shang)(shang)，使電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)品(pin)向(xiang)更小(xiao)(xiao)型化發展(zhan)。集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路從小(xiao)(xiao)規(gui)模(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路迅(xun)(xun)速(su)發展(zhan)到大規(gui)模(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路和超大規(gui)模(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路，從而(er)使電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)品(pin)向(xiang)著高效能低消(xiao)耗(hao)、高精度、高穩(wen)定、智能化的(de)方向(xiang)發展(zhan)。

小型便攜式電子產品采用的鋰離子電池或鋰聚合物電池的容量較小，大部分在400~1000mAh范圍內，與之配套的充電器的最大充電電流為450~1000mAh.由于電流不大，一般采用線性充電器。鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)不(bu)足之處在(zai)于對(dui)(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)要求比(bi)較苛刻(ke)，需(xu)要保護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)路。鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)要求的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)是恒流恒壓(ya)(ya)方(fang)式(shi)，為(wei)有效利用電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量，需(xu)將(jiang)鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)至最大電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，但(dan)是過壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)會造成電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)損壞，這(zhe)就要求較高(gao)的(de)控制精度(du)。另外，對(dui)(dui)于電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過低的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)需(xu)要進行預(yu)充(chong)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)最好帶(dai)有熱保護(hu)(hu)和時間保護(hu)(hu)，為(wei)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)提供附加保護(hu)(hu)。因(yin)此，安(an)全有效的(de)鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)對(dui)(dui)于鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)來說(shuo)就是必須而且是必要的(de)。

鋰離子電池充電器外接限流型充電電源和P溝道場效應管，可以對單節鋰離子電池進行安全有效的快充，其最大特點是在不使用電感的情況下仍能做到很低的功率耗散，采用8腳μMAX封裝。充電控制精度達0.75%,可以實現預充電，具有過壓保護和溫度保護功能，最長充電時間限制為鋰離子電池提供二次保護，鋰離子電池充電器的(de)(de)浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)方式(shi)能(neng)夠(gou)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)至(zhi)最大。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)正常的(de)(de)工作溫度范(fan)圍內時(shi)，插(cha)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)將(jiang)啟(qi)動一次充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程;充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)的(de)(de)條件是平(ping)均的(de)(de)脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達到快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)1%,或時(shi)間超(chao)出片上預置(zhi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器能(neng)夠(gou)自動檢測(ce)(ce)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，沒(mei)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源時(shi)自動關斷以減少(shao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。啟(qi)動快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)后打(da)開外(wai)接的(de)(de)P型場效(xiao)應管，當(dang)檢測(ce)(ce)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達到設定的(de)(de)門限時(shi)進入脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)，P溝(gou)道場效(xiao)應管打(da)開的(de)(de)時(shi)間會越(yue)來越(yue)短，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)時(shi)，LED指示(shi)燈(deng)將(jiang)會按12%的(de)(de)周期閃爍。

近年來，一些用電(dian)(dian)量(liang)稍(shao)大(da)的便攜式電(dian)(dian)子產品(如(ru)便攜式DVD、礦燈、攝像機、便攜式測量(liang)儀器、小型電(dian)(dian)動工(gong)具等)往(wang)往(wang)采用1500mAh到5400mAh容量(liang)的鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池。若(ruo)采用500~1000mA充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，則充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間太長。

有人提出：能否在(zai)1A線性充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)路中加一(yi)個擴(kuo)(kuo)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)路，使充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)擴(kuo)(kuo)大到2~2.5A,解決3000~5400mAh容量(liang)鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)問(wen)題。如果擴(kuo)(kuo)流(liu)(liu)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器性能不(bu)錯、電(dian)(dian)路簡單(dan)、成(cheng)本不(bu)高，這是(shi)個好主意。筆者就按這一(yi)思路設計(ji)一(yi)個擴(kuo)(kuo)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)路。這電(dian)(dian)路采用(yong)型號為(wei)CN3056的1A線性充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器為(wei)基礎，另外加上擴(kuo)(kuo)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)路及控制電(dian)(dian)路組成(cheng)。

CN3056簡介

CN3056組成(cheng)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)按恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)、恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)模式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，若充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)<3V,則有小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)預充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式;充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可設定，最大充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為1A;精電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)密度(du)4.2V±1%、有熱調節、欠壓(ya)鎖存及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度(du)檢(jian)測(ce)、超溫保護(hu)及充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態和溫度(du)超差指示功(gong)(gong)能;10引腳小(xiao)尺寸DFN封裝(zhuang)(3mm×3mm)。CN3056是可以對單節鋰(li)離子或者鋰(li)-聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)/恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。該器(qi)(qi)件內部包(bao)括(kuo)功(gong)(gong)率晶(jing)體管(guan)，應用時不(bu)需要外部的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)檢(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻和阻流(liu)(liu)二極管(guan)

若充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)在0.5~1C之間(jian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的溫(wen)度在0~45℃之間(jian)(室(shi)溫(wen)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))，則CN3056充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中可省(sheng)去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)及(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)超溫(wen)指(zhi)示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(引腳TEMP及(ji)(ji)FAULT端(duan)(duan)接地)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)如圖1所(suo)示(shi)。VIN是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)、CE是使能(neng)端(duan)(duan)，(高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平有效);RISET為(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流ICH設定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，RISET(Ω)=1800(V)/ICH(A);CHRG為(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態信號輸(shu)(shu)出端(duan)(duan)：充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時此端(duan)(duan)為(wei)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平，LED亮;充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束時此端(duan)(duan)為(wei)高(gao)阻(zu)抗(kang)，LED滅;電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)未(wei)裝入或接觸不良，LED閃亮。