電動自行車三件寶:電池、電機、充電器
時下購買電動自行車的消費者越來越多了,作為一種與日常生活聯系較緊,輕便、快捷、經濟型的代步工具,其關鍵部件如電池、電機、充電器的(de)質量(liang)已成為人們相(xiang)當關注的(de)問題。
事實上,電動(dong)自行(xing)車很早就有了,但以前的(de)電動(dong)自行(xing)車僅僅是自行(xing)車、電機(ji)、電池簡單疊加的(de)“電瓶車”,沒“風光”多久(jiu),這種性(xing)能和質(zhi)量難以滿足人們出行(xing)基本要求的(de)車就
被市場無情淘汰了(le)。上(shang)(shang)世紀90年(nian)代末,隨著釹硼(peng)磁性稀(xi)土材料在直流電(dian)機上(shang)(shang)的廣泛應用(yong),特別(bie)是(shi)電(dian)池制造技術(shu)的進步以(yi)及工藝(yi)的改善,市場上(shang)(shang)才出現(xian)了(le)真正意義上(shang)(shang)的電(dian)動自行車。
然而,由于技術的制(zhi)約,長(chang)期以來(lai),國產(chan)電(dian)動(dong)自行車(che)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)的均是普通鉛酸電(dian)池(chi),該(gai)電(dian)池(chi)體積大、容(rong)(rong)量(liang)小、功率低、壽(shou)命短,具有記憶效應(ying)(ying),如日常使(shi)用(yong)就必(bi)須天天充電(dian),且(qie)充電(dian)越(yue)頻電(dian)量(liang)越(yue)少;若長(chang)時間停用(yong),則電(dian)池(chi)內部電(dian)極(ji)會(hui)迅速鈍化,要求使(shi)用(yong)者定期加入電(dian)解(jie)液維(wei)(wei)護保(bao)養,極(ji)其(qi)麻煩。更(geng)令人擔憂的是,這(zhe)種電(dian)池(chi)在報廢后(hou)(hou)其(qi)酸液和重金屬(shu)還會(hui)對環(huan)境造成嚴重的二(er)次(ci)(ci)污染。針對這(zhe)種情況,春蘭集(ji)團研制(zhi)出了容(rong)(rong)量(liang)和使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命分別比鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)高(gao)2倍、長(chang)4倍,全密封、免維(wei)(wei)護、無記憶的高(gao)能動(dong)力鎳氫電(dian)池(chi)。此(ci)新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)池(chi)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)到電(dian)動(dong)自行車(che)后(hou)(hou),一次(ci)(ci)充電(dian)驅車(che)續(xu)行里程(cheng)最多達100公里,循環(huan)充電(dian)最高(gao)達600次(ci)(ci)。不(bu)僅其(qi)體積經(jing)特殊(shu)處(chu)理(li)及優化配方后(hou)(hou)進(jin)一步(bu)縮小,重量(liang)大幅減輕,而且(qie)不(bu)存(cun)在對環(huan)境的污染問題,因(yin)此(ci),它是目前質量(liang)最好的動(dong)力型(xing)電(dian)池(chi)。
至于(yu)電(dian)(dian)機方面(mian)(mian),市面(mian)(mian)上幾乎所有(you)品牌的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)采用(yong)的(de)都(dou)是較為(wei)先進的(de)有(you)刷(shua)無(wu)齒(chi)或是無(wu)刷(shua)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)機。據(ju)有(you)關(guan)媒體披露,春蘭(lan)今年新近推出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)采用(yong)的(de)是世界最(zui)先進的(de)無(wu)刷(shua)直(zhi)(zhi)流永磁電(dian)(dian)機,該電(dian)(dian)機由于(yu)沒有(you)傳動(dong)(dong)齒(chi)輪,因(yin)此運行(xing)時沒有(you)噪音,也沒有(you)機械磨(mo)損,使(shi)用(yong)壽命更長。另外,春蘭(lan)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)的(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)機安裝在車(che)輪后軸的(de)輪轂里,直(zhi)(zhi)接驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)后輪轉動(dong)(dong),整體設計合理、結構緊湊,體積(ji)小、重量輕(qing),從而傳動(dong)(dong)效率相當高。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自(zi)行車的(de)(de)另一個關鍵部件就是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。國內不少廠家采用的(de)(de)是簡(jian)便式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器,這種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器雖然充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)比較簡(jian)便,但容易造成(cheng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足或過量充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)損傷(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。春蘭(lan)提(ti)供的(de)(de)是智能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器,只須接(jie)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源,它會自(zi)動快(kuai)速(su)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),且(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)滿(man)后會自(zi)動斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),不存在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足或過量充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等問(wen)題。
除電池、電機、充電器外,電動(dong)車(che)的(de)控制器也很重要。新近上市的(de)春蘭電動(dong)自(zi)行車(che)就以(yi)(yi)當(dang)今(jin)先(xian)進的(de)微(wei)電子技術(shu)為(wei)基礎,應用了具(ju)有(you)多(duo)種功(gong)(gong)能(neng)的(de)控制器,在此控制器的(de)控制下,該車(che)具(ju)備了為(wei)保護電池(chi)而設置的(de)欠(qian)壓保護、最大(da)電流限制、靜啟動(dong)功(gong)(gong)能(neng),以(yi)(yi)及電量(liang)提(ti)示、速度顯示等功(gong)(gong)能(neng)。
市(shi)場人士(shi)認為,盡管電(dian)動自行(xing)(xing)車(che)的(de)(de)性能、質(zhi)量存在著(zhu)差異,但消費者只要選(xuan)擇有品牌(pai)信譽和(he)生產(chan)規(gui)模的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)廠(chang)家生產(chan)的(de)(de)、配備了高質(zhi)量電(dian)池(chi)、電(dian)機和(he)充電(dian)器的(de)(de)電(dian)動自行(xing)(xing)車(che),就不必有什么憂慮了。
