鎳氫電池的介紹
鎳氫電池中(zhong)的(de)(de)“金(jin)屬(shu)”部(bu)分(fen)實際上(shang)是(shi)金(jin)屬(shu)互化物。許(xu)多種類的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)互化物都已(yi)被運用在鎳氫電(dian)池的(de)(de)制(zhi)造上(shang),它(ta)們(men)主要(yao)分(fen)為兩大類。最(zui)常見的(de)(de)是(shi)AB5一(yi)(yi)類,A是(shi)稀土元素的(de)(de)混合物(或(huo)者(zhe))再加上(shang)鈦(tai)(Ti);B則是(shi)鎳(Ni)、鈷(Co)、錳(Mn),(或(huo)者(zhe))還有鋁(Al)。而一(yi)(yi)些高容量電(dian)池的(de)(de)“含多種成分(fen)”的(de)(de)電(dian)極則主要(yao)由(you)AB2構成,這里的(de)(de)A則是(shi)鈦(tai)(Ti)或(huo)者(zhe)釩(fan)(V),B則是(shi)鋯(Zr)或(huo)鎳(Ni),再加上(shang)一(yi)(yi)些鉻(Cr)、鈷(Co)、鐵(tie)(Fe)和(或(huo))錳(Mn)。[1]
所有(you)這些(xie)化(hua)合(he)(he)物(wu)扮演的(de)都是(shi)相同的(de)角色:可逆(ni)地形成金屬氫(qing)(qing)(qing)化(hua)物(wu)。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)時,氫(qing)(qing)(qing)氧化(hua)鉀(jia)(KOH)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)中的(de)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)離子(H+)會被(bei)釋放出來,由這些(xie)化(hua)合(he)(he)物(wu)將它(ta)吸收,避免形成氫(qing)(qing)(qing)氣(H2),以保(bao)持電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部的(de)壓力和體積。當電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)時,這些(xie)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)離子便會經(jing)由相反的(de)過程而回到原來的(de)地方。
一、重量
以每一個單(dan)(dan)元電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)來看,鎳(nie)氫與(yu)鎳(nie)鎘都是1.2V,而鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池確為3.6V,鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是其他兩者的(de)(de)3倍。并且同型電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)重量(liang)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池與(yu)鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池幾乎相等,而鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池卻(que)比較重。可知,每一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池本身重量(liang)不(bu)同,但鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池因3.6V高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),在(zai)輸出同等電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)情況下使(shi)的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組合時數目(mu)可減(jian)少3分(fen)之1而使(shi)成型后的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池重量(liang)和體(ti)積減(jian)小。
二、記憶效應
鎳氫電池與鎳鎘電池相同都有記憶效應,但遠小于鎳鎘電池,大于鋰離子電池。每(mei)次(ci)(ci)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)前沒(mei)有必要進(jin)(jin)行放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)操(cao)作(zuo)(反而(er)可能因為不(bu)規范放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)),每(mei)3個(ge)月(yue)進(jin)(jin)行一次(ci)(ci)完(wan)(wan)全充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可以緩解記憶效(xiao)應(實際上(shang)記憶效(xiao)應并(bing)不(bu)明顯,不(bu)太在乎的(de)可以無視)。相對(dui)的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)而(er)言因為幾乎沒(mei)有記憶效(xiao)應,在使用上(shang)非(fei)常(chang)方(fang)便簡單。它完(wan)(wan)全不(bu)必理會殘余電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓多少,直接可進(jin)(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間自然(ran)可以縮短(duan)。
三、自放電率
鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)15~30%(月(yue))。鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)25~35%(月(yue)),鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)2~5%(月(yue))。以(yi)上鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)為(wei)最大,而鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的特長與其他兩類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)相比(bi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)極低。
四、充電方式
鎳氫電池及鋰電池無法耐過充電。因此,鎳氫電池以定電流充電的PICK CUT 控制方式在充電電壓達到最高時,停止繼續充電為最好的充電方式。而鋰電池則使用定電流、定電壓方式充電最好,若以鎳鎘電池的充電器-DV控制方(fang)式進行充(chong)電(dian)的話對鎳氫電(dian)池(chi)和鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)。
本文摘自于全球(qiu)電池網