鋰電池性能詳解 如何給給MP3充電?
現(xian)在(zai)市場上的(de)MP3屏(ping)幕(mu)越(yue)(yue)做(zuo)(zuo)越(yue)(yue)大,功(gong)能(neng)越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)強,但有(you)一項(xiang)數據卻(que)多年未(wei)變,甚至還有(you)倒退。那(nei)就(jiu)是電(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)。為了(le)(le)追求更(geng)(geng)輕薄的(de)機身,更(geng)(geng)好的(de)便(bian)攜性(xing),電(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)做(zuo)(zuo)出了(le)(le)犧(xi)牲。現(xian)在(zai)用MP3播放電(dian)影大概可以(yi)看3~4小時(shi),音(yin)樂12小時(shi)左(zuo)右(you)。像Q2標示續航50小時(shi),是要在(zai)很(hen)嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下才(cai)能(neng)達成(cheng)的(de)。比如(ru),歌曲(qu)比特率,電(dian)池(chi)完美充(chong)電(dian),音(yin)效關,音(yin)量(liang)限(xian)定等等。那(nei)么為了(le)(le)使(shi)用更(geng)(geng)長時(shi)間,給大家講講怎么“伺候”電(dian)池(chi)。
在討論鋰電池之前,我們先要明白鋰電池分為兩類:鋰電池和鋰離子電池。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)表等產品(pin)中的(de)紐扣電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),理論(lun)上也可以(yi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。可是(shi)不但效果(guo)不好(hao),還(huan)容易短路,所以(yi)一般都是(shi)禁止(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)。后來經過索尼公司改進設計材料,發明鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。也就是(shi)我們(men)現在廣泛使用的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),安全性更高,壽(shou)命也更長。以(yi)下討論(lun)的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),均為鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。
1.如(ru)何充電。
傳說一:電池有記憶性,前三次充電必須充滿,至少12個小時!這種說法指的是鎳電池。鎳電池記憶性較強,一開始激活不充分會影響使用。鋰電池雖然也(ye)(ye)要(yao)激(ji)活,但很容易,經過3~5次正(zheng)常(chang)充放電就可激(ji)活。其(qi)本身也(ye)(ye)沒有(you)記憶性。
經典SONY口香糖電池
經(jing)典(dian)SONY口香糖電(dian)池,可以看到其明(ming)確注(zhu)明(ming)為Ni-MH(鎳(nie)氫)電(dian)池。
要注(zhu)意,過長時間(jian)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反(fan)而會對鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池造成傷害,所以絕大(da)多(duo)數電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品都有充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)能。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充滿后,自動斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。我們無法保(bao)(bao)證充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護功(gong)(gong)能一(yi)(yi)定靠的(de)(de)住,為了以防(fang)萬一(yi)(yi),大(da)家還是不要將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池長時間(jian)至(zhi)于充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態。另外,有些地方(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不穩(wen),鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)耐波動性比較差,更長的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian),意味著(zhu)更容易受到傷害。
2.什么時候充電。
傳說二:電(dian)(dian)(dian)量要盡量用(yong)(yong)光,最(zui)好自動關機(ji)再充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)也(ye)是說鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)。由于鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)記(ji)憶(yi)性,所以每次都要用(yong)(yong)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)才能開始(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。有些人可能還記(ji)得,早期(qi)的(de)(de)手機(ji)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器上還有“放電(dian)(dian)(dian)”這(zhe)一(yi)功能。但鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池完全不適用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)個規則(ze),過分(fen)的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)反而對鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池有害。為了(le)保證(zheng)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)壽命,最(zui)好在提示電(dian)(dian)(dian)量低時就(jiu)開始(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
Ni-Cd(鎳鎘(ge))電池
第一代充電電池,Ni-Cd(鎳鎘(ge))電池。有記憶性(xing)且鎘(ge)對(dui)人體危害極(ji)大。
說一個真實的例子(zi)。筆者(zhe)有一次(ci)出去玩,手機沒有及時充(chong)(chong)電(dian),導(dao)致電(dian)量(liang)完全用光。回來(lai)就(jiu)充(chong)(chong)不上電(dian)了(le),不得不送客服檢修。這就(jiu)是因為電(dian)池(chi)過度放(fang)電(dian)導(dao)致電(dian)壓過低,甚至不具備正常(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)條(tiao)件。
PSP使用的(de)Li-ion(鋰電池)
3.使用中的(de)注意(yi)事(shi)項。
近幾年不斷聽(ting)(ting)說手機電(dian)池(chi)(chi)爆炸的(de)事。輕者(zhe)燒(shao)(shao)毀(hui)財物,重者(zhe)甚至(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)傷(shang)使用(yong)者(zhe)。至(zhi)于爆炸的(de)元(yuan)兇嘛(ma),就(jiu)(jiu)是電(dian)池(chi)(chi)了(廢話(hua),沒聽(ting)(ting)說主板能爆炸!)。這是因(yin)為鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)的(de)許(xu)多(duo)材料與(yu)水(shui)接(jie)觸(chu)后(hou),可(ke)(ke)發(fa)生劇烈的(de)化(hua)學反應并釋放(fang)出(chu)大量熱(re),導致(zhi)發(fa)熱(re)、燃燒(shao)(shao)。鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)正極的(de)二(er)氧化(hua)錳,只(zhi)沾一(yi)小滴水(shui)便可(ke)(ke)出(chu)現發(fa)熱(re)現象。鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)的(de)氯(lv)化(hua)亞硫與(yu)水(shui)接(jie)觸(chu)后(hou),在(zai)生成鹽酸和二(er)氧化(hua)硫的(de)同時釋放(fang)熱(re)能。明白了道(dao)理,防(fang)(fang)范方法(fa)也(ye)(ye)很簡單了,只(zhi)要(yao)注意防(fang)(fang)水(shui)防(fang)(fang)潮就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以了。不用(yong)的(de)鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)產(chan)品(pin)(pin),一(yi)定要(yao)把電(dian)池(chi)(chi)取出(chu)單獨放(fang)置。冬(dong)季馬上就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)到了,從室外回來后(hou)一(yi)定要(yao)注意不要(yao)把MP3、手機等產(chan)品(pin)(pin)繼續放(fang)在(zai)衣服兜里。冷凝現象會(hui)使產(chan)品(pin)(pin)內(nei)外都變得很潮濕(shi),要(yao)及時通風干燥(zao)。就(jiu)(jiu)算電(dian)池(chi)(chi)沒問題,也(ye)(ye)有可(ke)(ke)能造成短路,損壞設備。
被電池燒毀的褲子
有(you)些網友也許要問,可(ke)以邊(bian)(bian)充電(dian)邊(bian)(bian)看電(dian)影嗎?這個(ge)問題(ti)不能(neng)一概而論。一些產品(pin)的(de)AC電(dian)路(lu)和電(dian)池電(dian)路(lu)分開設(she)計,邊(bian)(bian)使(shi)用邊(bian)(bian)充電(dian)完(wan)全沒問題(ti)。但有(you)的(de)就不可(ke)以,如果(guo)說明(ming)書中沒有(you)寫明(ming),為了(le)安全起見,最好還(huan)是咨詢(xun)客(ke)服吧。
鋰(li)電池小常識
鋰(li)(li)電池是(shi)由鋰(li)(li)金(jin)屬或鋰(li)(li)合金(jin)為負極材料、使用(yong)非水電解質(zhi)溶液的電池。反映過程為:
Li+MnO2=LiMnO2該反應(ying)為氧化還原反應(ying),放(fang)電。
鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)雖然近年才得以廣泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong),但它的(de)歷史很長。第一塊鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)是由(you)大發明(ming)家愛迪生發明(ming)的(de)。由(you)于鋰(li)金(jin)屬非常活潑,對制造工(gong)藝提(ti)(ti)出(chu)很高的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。早期(qi)只使用(yong)(yong)在航(hang)空航(hang)天或者軍事領(ling)域,隨著(zhu)制造工(gong)藝的(de)提(ti)(ti)升,才得以在民用(yong)(yong)設備(bei)上推廣。