可(ke)(ke)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)(ke)以在一個較寬的溫(wen)度(du)范圍(wei)(wei)內使用(yong)。然而這并不默認可(ke)(ke)在同樣的溫(wen)度(du)范圍(wei)(wei)內進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。當無法避免在較熱或較冷的環境充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，使用(yong)者必(bi)需(xu)對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程進(jin)行(xing)一些控制。最好還是讓電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在合(he)適的溫(wen)度(du)下(xia)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

　　鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)池:一般情況下(xia)，這種老的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池技術更(geng)能(neng)耐受在極端溫(wen)度下(xia)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)池能(neng)在一小時或(huo)更(geng)短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)內快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，但這樣的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)限(xian)制在5°C到45°C范(fan)圍內進行，如在更(geng)理(li)想的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度范(fan)圍（10°C到25°C）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)可以得到更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)效果。

　　在(zai)5°C以下充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)需要減慢充(chong)電(dian)(dian)速率至(zhi)0.1C(即標稱(cheng)容量(liang)1/10的電(dian)(dian)流，比如電(dian)(dian)池是2000毫(hao)安(an)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)的容量(liang)，使用200毫(hao)安(an)進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian))，這是為(wei)了(le)(le)與充(chong)電(dian)(dian)反應中生成的氫和氧的吸收速率相一致。由于在(zai)低溫度(du)時(shi)(shi)氫氧結合速率減慢，充(chong)的太快(kuai)會電(dian)(dian)池內壓力大幅(fu)增加，最(zui)終(zhong)使電(dian)(dian)池排出氣體(ti)。這樣充(chong)過的電(dian)(dian)池以后就再也達不到它的標稱(cheng)容量(liang)了(le)(le)。

　　一些需要在低溫時進行快速充電的工業電池內面有一層電熱層以維持電池溫度達到可接受值。一旦充電溫度達到可接受值，充電時發生的氣體結合這一特定過程也能產生一些熱量來輔助保持溫度。理想的充電器能自動調整以獲得氣體結(jie)合與充電電流之間的(de)平衡。(在不(bu)放出氣體的(de)情況下盡(jin)可能大的(de)充電電流)

　　鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)相比鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對高低(di)溫(wen)下充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的耐受性(xing)要低(di)許多。鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不(bu)(bu)能在10°C以(yi)下進行(xing)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，在0°C以(yi)下連慢速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)都(dou)不(bu)(bu)行(xing)。一(yi)些專門設計的工業充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)能調整(zheng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速率(lv)以(yi)適應當(dang)前的溫(wen)度(du)，民(min)用級消(xiao)費品(pin)由于對價格敏感，一(yi)般不(bu)(bu)設計成包含溫(wen)度(du)傳(chuan)感器(qi)的。

　　在(zai)更高的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度時(shi)(shi)，鎳(nie)基電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)接受力(li)大幅度的(de)(de)(de)(de)下降。在(zai)通常(chang)室溫(wen)(wen)下能(neng)提供(gong)100%充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)45°C時(shi)(shi)只(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)進(jin)75%的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)，在(zai)60°C時(shi)(shi)只(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)進(jin)45%的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)。這(zhe)與一些汽(qi)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器在(zai)夏天時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)低性能(neng)相印證。

　　鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池在高低溫度(du)時(shi)(shi)的性能都(dou)挺好。其可(ke)接受的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)溫度(du)范圍是0°C到45°C。另(ling)外推薦在0°C到5°C時(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)將充(chong)電(dian)(dian)速(su)率(lv)降(jiang)到1C以(yi)下。

　　民用消費級鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池不能在0度以下充電(dian)(dian)，這點很重要。雖然電(dian)(dian)池外殼在冰點以下充電(dian)(dian)看起來很正常，但(dan)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)阻抗(kang)會升高(gao)并(bing)且電(dian)(dian)極接受離子(zi)的(de)能力急(ji)劇下降。

　　最(zui)麻煩的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)電(dian)極(ji)上含鋰金(jin)屬的(de)(de)部分產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)鍍反應(ying)。充(chong)電(dian)速率越高(gao)，電(dian)鍍反應(ying)越顯(xian)著，在(zai)很低的(de)(de)溫度下長期充(chong)電(dian)會對外殼安全性構成(cheng)危害。電(dian)鍍反應(ying)的(de)(de)效果(guo)將是(shi)(shi)永久(jiu)性的(de)(de)，無論經過(guo)多少個(ge)充(chong)放循(xun)環都無法回復。用(yong)戶所不知道的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，這樣的(de)(de)一個(ge)電(dian)池將變得更易損直至(zhi)失效。如果(guo)被刺破、碾(nian)壓或大速率充(chong)電(dian)，最(zui)終的(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)是(shi)(shi)爆出氣體及火焰。

　　優質充電(dian)器在(zai)低溫(wen)時會(hui)減小充電(dian)電(dian)流并且(qie)避(bi)免整個(ge)充電(dian)過程低于0度。在(zai)給一(yi)個(ge)冷電(dian)池充電(dian)時，可以將(jiang)外殼加溫(wen)再(zai)充電(dian)。在(zai)低溫(wen)時放電(dian)不會(hui)對鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)池有什么(me)損害。當然在(zai)低溫(wen)環境下整個(ge)電(dian)池效能的(de)降低也是顯而(er)易見的(de)。

　　有些特制的鋰離子電池允許低(di)溫充電(dian)。這(zhe)些電(dian)池(chi)殼體(ti)(ti)是用軍用材(cai)料(liao)或航空材(cai)料(liao)制作的(de)。這(zhe)些電(dian)池(chi)的(de)低(di)粘度電(dian)解質減少了(le)容量/體(ti)(ti)積(ji)比率及(ji)循環壽命。除(chu)了(le)低(di)效(xiao)能(neng)外，高價格(ge)也影響了(le)消費者對這(zhe)些產品的(de)關(guan)注。

　　在高溫環境時使用鋰離子電池也有(you)一些(xie)需要(yao)(yao)關注的(de)安全性問題，尤其是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)含(han)有(you)鈷或(huo)鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)極時。把一個充(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)或(huo)已經過(guo)度充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)升(sheng)溫(wen)，會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)自發(fa)性發(fa)熱失(shi)控(kong)（溫(wen)升(sheng)導(dao)致(zhi)反(fan)(fan)應加快，反(fan)(fan)應過(guo)程(cheng)放出的(de)熱又導(dao)致(zhi)溫(wen)度繼續上升(sheng)，正反(fan)(fan)饋循環(huan)導(dao)致(zhi)失(shi)控(kong)）。電(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)的(de)越(yue)滿(man)，導(dao)致(zhi)發(fa)熱失(shi)控(kong)所(suo)需要(yao)(yao)的(de)熱量(liang)就越(yue)少。錳基(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)熱穩(wen)定性更好并且充(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)時也不會(hui)喪失(shi)穩(wen)定。

　　鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)能適當忍(ren)受(shou)一些極端溫度，因為我們對自己汽車的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)比較熟悉(xi)。部分耐受(shou)性要歸功于鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)系統的機(ji)能遲鈍。部分品牌允許零度及以下時充電(dian)，其它(ta)的則會(hui)承受(shou)損害(hai)并降低容量和縮短(duan)使(shi)用壽命。

　　為(wei)改(gai)善(shan)鉛酸電(dian)池在(zai)低(di)(di)溫(wen)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)充電(dian)性能(neng)以(yi)及避免在(zai)升溫(wen)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)發熱失控(kong)，控(kong)制充電(dian)滿時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)極限非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要。進行量測調整(zheng)可以(yi)延(yan)長電(dian)池壽命15%。一般的(de)(de)建議每攝氏度補償量約為(wei)3mV。電(dian)壓(ya)調整(zheng)使用負(fu)系數，意即溫(wen)度上升時(shi)(shi)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)閾值降(jiang)低(di)(di)。

　　熱是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)殺手。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)越熱，壽命越短。很多情(qing)況下升(sheng)溫無法避免(mian)，尤(you)其在快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)時(shi)候，但盡(jin)量使這個時(shi)間縮短。在45°C時(shi)短時(shi)間充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)還可(ke)以接受，50°C或以上時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就開(kai)始受損了。請注意電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)殼體(ti)內的(de)(de)溫度(du)總(zong)是比(bi)室(shi)溫要高幾度(du)的(de)(de)。

超快速充電器

　　一些充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器制(zhi)造商聲稱能達(da)到驚人(ren)的(de)30分(fen)鐘以內的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間。使用平(ping)衡的(de)很(hen)好的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)并在適(shi)度的(de)室溫下進行操作，專為快(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設計的(de)鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)確能達(da)到這(zhe)么(me)快(kuai)的(de)速(su)(su)度。要達(da)到這(zhe)個速(su)(su)度，只需(xu)要通(tong)過(guo)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)先充(chong)到70%的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)周期。

　　在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期的(de)(de)(de)第二階段，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流必(bi)需減少。吸收電(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)效率在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池快(kuai)充(chong)滿時逐漸降低(di)。在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期后(hou)半段如果仍保持(chi)大電(dian)(dian)流，多(duo)余的(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)就會轉化(hua)成熱量(liang)及很高的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池壓力。最后(hou)導致(zhi)排(pai)氣(qi)，放出(chu)氧氣(qi)及氫氣(qi)。放出(chu)氣(qi)體不僅(jin)會耗損電(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)，它們還(huan)都是易燃(ran)的(de)(de)(de)！白色粉(fen)狀物在(zai)排(pai)氣(qi)孔周(zhou)圍積聚表明之(zhi)前(qian)發生過排(pai)氣(qi)。

　　超(chao)快(kuai)速(su)充電(dian)(dian)只能(neng)應用(yong)于專門為快(kuai)速(su)充電(dian)(dian)設計的電(dian)(dian)池。對普通充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池進行這(zhe)種大(da)電(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)會(hui)使導電(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)被(bei)加(jia)熱。對于一(yi)些使用(yong)彈簧式壓緊電(dian)(dian)極的電(dian)(dian)池盒，電(dian)(dian)池在和電(dian)(dian)極接觸(chu)(chu)處的發熱效應被(bei)低估了。這(zhe)些接觸(chu)(chu)處使用(yong)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)可能(neng)產生(sheng)永(yong)久損傷(shang)。通常，一(yi)個細小的幾乎不(bu)(bu)可見的焊坑會(hui)產生(sheng)在接觸(chu)(chu)處尖端，繼(ji)而(er)導至(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)阻抗上升或接觸(chu)(chu)不(bu)(bu)良斷路(lu)(lu)。不(bu)(bu)良接觸(chu)(chu)處在大(da)電(dian)(dian)流下(xia)產生(sheng)的熱量一(yi)般(ban)會(hui)導致(zhi)塑料熔化。較高的接觸(chu)(chu)壓緊力可以減少電(dian)(dian)阻和熱量。

　　老(lao)舊的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)有較大(da)的(de)(de)內阻(zu)，所以不配對的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不能放一起進行(xing)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。即(ji)使它(ta)們(men)都是快(kuai)(kuai)充型電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。內阻(zu)大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)熱快(kuai)(kuai)，從而使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀況繼續(xu)惡化。差的(de)(de)（舊的(de)(de)）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量也(ye)降低了，它(ta)們(men)比正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更早(zao)充滿并(bing)開始(shi)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)升(sheng)溫。一些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)熱量足(zu)以讓塑料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)盒軟化變形。

　　許多制造商還提供脈沖充電器。在(zai)充電(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)之間分布放電(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)可以很大的提升充電(dian)效果。這個(ge)方法(fa)促(cu)進了氧氣和氫氣的重新結合(he)，使內壓和溫度降(jiang)低。脈(mo)沖(chong)充電(dian)還能減(jian)少鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)池結晶效應（記憶效應）。多數用于鎳(nie)基電(dian)池的Cadex充電(dian)器都使用了這種技術。

　　一(yi)些高(gao)級(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器能根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)池(chi)特(te)性調整充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)。一(yi)個空(kong)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)先使用大電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，在充(chong)(chong)(chong)到大半時(shi)，電(dian)流(liu)逐漸(jian)縮(suo)小。舊(jiu)電(dian)池(chi)也能根(gen)據(ju)情況自動(dong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)到一(yi)個合適的(de)(de)程(cheng)度。