可充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池可以(yi)在(zai)一(yi)個較(jiao)寬的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)范圍內使(shi)用(yong)。然而這(zhe)并不默認可在(zai)同樣的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)范圍內進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。當(dang)無(wu)法避免(mian)在(zai)較(jiao)熱或較(jiao)冷的(de)(de)環境充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時，使(shi)用(yong)者必需對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程進行一(yi)些控制。最好還是讓電(dian)池在(zai)合適的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)下充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。

　　鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi):一(yi)般情況下(xia)，這(zhe)種(zhong)老的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)技術更能耐受在(zai)極端溫度下(xia)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)能在(zai)一(yi)小時或更短的(de)時間內快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，但這(zhe)樣的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)限(xian)制在(zai)5°C到45°C范(fan)圍內進行，如在(zai)更理想的(de)溫度范(fan)圍（10°C到25°C）充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可以得到更好的(de)效果。

　　在5°C以下充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時需(xu)要減慢充電(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)率(lv)至0.1C(即標稱(cheng)容量1/10的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，比如電(dian)(dian)(dian)池是2000毫安(an)小時的容量，使(shi)用200毫安(an)進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)(dian))，這是為了(le)與(yu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)反應中生成(cheng)的氫和氧的吸收速(su)率(lv)相一致(zhi)。由于在低溫度(du)時氫氧結合速(su)率(lv)減慢，充的太快(kuai)會電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內壓力大幅增加，最終(zhong)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池排(pai)出氣體。這樣充過的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池以后就(jiu)再也達不(bu)到它的標稱(cheng)容量了(le)。

　　一些需要在低溫時進行快速充電的工業電池內面有一層電熱層以維持電池溫度達到可接受值。一旦充電溫度達到可接受值，充電時發生的氣體結合這一特定過程也能產生一些熱量來輔助保持溫度。理想的充電器能自動調整以獲(huo)得氣(qi)體結合與充(chong)電電流之間的(de)平衡。(在不放(fang)出(chu)氣(qi)體的(de)情況下盡(jin)可能大(da)的(de)充(chong)電電流)

　　鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池相比(bi)鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池對(dui)高(gao)低溫下(xia)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)耐(nai)受性要低許(xu)多。鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池不(bu)能在(zai)10°C以(yi)(yi)下(xia)進(jin)行快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在(zai)0°C以(yi)(yi)下(xia)連慢(man)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)都不(bu)行。一些專門設(she)計的(de)工業充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)能調整充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)率以(yi)(yi)適(shi)應當(dang)前的(de)溫度，民(min)用(yong)級消費品由于(yu)對(dui)價(jia)格敏感，一般不(bu)設(she)計成包含(han)溫度傳感器(qi)的(de)。

　　在(zai)更高(gao)的(de)溫度時(shi)，鎳基電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接受力大幅度的(de)下降。在(zai)通常室溫下能(neng)提供100%充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)45°C時(shi)只(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)進75%的(de)容量(liang)，在(zai)60°C時(shi)只(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)進45%的(de)容量(liang)。這與一些汽車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器在(zai)夏天時(shi)的(de)低性能(neng)相印(yin)證。

　　鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在高低(di)溫(wen)度(du)時(shi)的性能(neng)都挺好。其(qi)可接受的充電(dian)(dian)溫(wen)度(du)范圍是0°C到45°C。另外(wai)推(tui)薦(jian)在0°C到5°C時(shi)時(shi)將(jiang)充電(dian)(dian)速率(lv)降到1C以下。

　　民用消(xiao)費級鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)不能在(zai)0度(du)以(yi)下充電(dian)，這點(dian)很重要(yao)。雖然電(dian)池(chi)(chi)外殼(ke)在(zai)冰點(dian)以(yi)下充電(dian)看起來很正常(chang)，但電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的阻(zu)抗會(hui)升高并(bing)且(qie)電(dian)極接(jie)受離子(zi)的能力急(ji)劇下降。

　　最(zui)麻煩(fan)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)在電(dian)(dian)極(ji)上(shang)含(han)鋰金屬的(de)(de)(de)部分產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)。充電(dian)(dian)速率越(yue)高，電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)越(yue)顯(xian)著，在很低的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)下長(chang)期充電(dian)(dian)會對(dui)外(wai)殼安全性(xing)構成危害。電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)將是(shi)永久性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)，無(wu)論經(jing)過多少個充放循(xun)環(huan)都無(wu)法回復(fu)。用戶所不知(zhi)道的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，這樣的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)將變得(de)更易損直至失效。如果(guo)被刺破、碾壓或大速率充電(dian)(dian)，最(zui)終的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)是(shi)爆出氣體及火焰(yan)。

　　優質充電(dian)器在(zai)低溫時會減小(xiao)充電(dian)電(dian)流并且避免整個(ge)充電(dian)過程低于0度。在(zai)給一個(ge)冷(leng)電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)時，可以將(jiang)外殼加(jia)溫再充電(dian)。在(zai)低溫時放(fang)電(dian)不會對鋰(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)有什么損害。當然(ran)在(zai)低溫環境下整個(ge)電(dian)池(chi)效(xiao)能的(de)降低也是顯(xian)而易(yi)見(jian)的(de)。

　　有些特制的鋰離子電池允許低溫充電(dian)(dian)。這些電(dian)(dian)池殼(ke)體(ti)是用軍(jun)用材料或(huo)航空材料制作的。這些電(dian)(dian)池的低粘(zhan)度電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質減(jian)少了容(rong)量/體(ti)積比率及(ji)循環壽命。除(chu)了低效能外，高價格也影(ying)響了消費者(zhe)對這些產品的關注。

　　在高溫環境時使用鋰離子電池也(ye)有(you)一些需要關(guan)注的(de)安(an)全性(xing)(xing)問題，尤其是電池(chi)(chi)含有(you)鈷(gu)或鎳電極(ji)時(shi)(shi)。把一個充(chong)(chong)滿電的(de)或已經過(guo)(guo)度充(chong)(chong)電的(de)電池(chi)(chi)升(sheng)溫，會(hui)導致(zhi)自發性(xing)(xing)發熱(re)失(shi)控(kong)(kong)（溫升(sheng)導致(zhi)反應加快，反應過(guo)(guo)程放出的(de)熱(re)又導致(zhi)溫度繼續上升(sheng)，正反饋循環(huan)導致(zhi)失(shi)控(kong)(kong)）。電充(chong)(chong)的(de)越滿，導致(zhi)發熱(re)失(shi)控(kong)(kong)所(suo)需要的(de)熱(re)量就越少。錳基(ji)電池(chi)(chi)的(de)熱(re)穩定性(xing)(xing)更好并且充(chong)(chong)滿電或過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)不會(hui)喪失(shi)穩定。

　　鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)能適(shi)當(dang)忍受一些極端溫度(du)，因為我們對自己(ji)汽車(che)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)比(bi)較熟悉(xi)。部分(fen)耐受性要歸功于鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統(tong)的(de)機能遲鈍。部分(fen)品牌允(yun)許零度(du)及以下時充電(dian)(dian)，其它的(de)則會(hui)承受損害(hai)并降低容量和縮短使(shi)用(yong)壽命。

　　為(wei)改(gai)善鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在低溫時(shi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)能以及避免在升溫時(shi)的(de)發(fa)熱失控(kong)，控(kong)制充(chong)電(dian)(dian)滿時(shi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓極限非常重要。進行量(liang)測(ce)調整(zheng)可以延(yan)長電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命15%。一(yi)般的(de)建議每攝氏度(du)補償量(liang)約為(wei)3mV。電(dian)(dian)壓調整(zheng)使用(yong)負(fu)系數，意即溫度(du)上升時(shi)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)閾值降低。

　　熱是(shi)電池(chi)殺手。電池(chi)越(yue)熱，壽命越(yue)短。很多(duo)情況下升(sheng)溫(wen)無法避免(mian)，尤其在快速充電的時候，但(dan)盡量使這個時間(jian)(jian)縮短。在45°C時短時間(jian)(jian)充電還(huan)可以接受，50°C或以上時電池(chi)就開始(shi)受損(sun)了。請注意電池(chi)殼(ke)體內的溫(wen)度(du)總是(shi)比室溫(wen)要高幾度(du)的。

超快速充電器

　　一些(xie)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器制造商聲稱能達到驚人的(de)30分鐘以內(nei)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間。使用平衡(heng)的(de)很好的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池并(bing)在適度的(de)室溫下進(jin)行操作，專為快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計的(de)鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)確(que)能達到這么快的(de)速(su)度。要(yao)(yao)達到這個速(su)度，只(zhi)需要(yao)(yao)通過大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)先充到70%的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)周期。

　　在充電(dian)(dian)周期(qi)(qi)的第二階段(duan)(duan)，充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)必(bi)需減少。吸收電(dian)(dian)能的效(xiao)率在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)快充滿時逐(zhu)漸(jian)降低。在充電(dian)(dian)周期(qi)(qi)后半段(duan)(duan)如果仍保(bao)持大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，多余的能量就會轉化成熱量及很(hen)高的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壓力。最后導致排(pai)氣，放出(chu)氧氣及氫氣。放出(chu)氣體不僅(jin)會耗損電(dian)(dian)解質，它們還都是易燃的！白色粉狀(zhuang)物在排(pai)氣孔周圍積聚表明之前發(fa)生過排(pai)氣。

　　超快(kuai)速充電(dian)(dian)只能應用于專門為快(kuai)速充電(dian)(dian)設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。對普通充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)這(zhe)種(zhong)大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)會使導(dao)電(dian)(dian)通路被加熱(re)(re)。對于一些(xie)使用彈簧式(shi)壓(ya)緊(jin)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)盒，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在和電(dian)(dian)極(ji)接觸(chu)(chu)處的(de)(de)(de)發熱(re)(re)效應被低估了。這(zhe)些(xie)接觸(chu)(chu)處使用大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)可能產生(sheng)(sheng)永久損傷。通常，一個細小的(de)(de)(de)幾乎(hu)不可見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)焊坑(keng)會產生(sheng)(sheng)在接觸(chu)(chu)處尖端，繼而導(dao)至電(dian)(dian)路阻(zu)抗(kang)上升(sheng)或接觸(chu)(chu)不良斷路。不良接觸(chu)(chu)處在大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)下(xia)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)量一般會導(dao)致塑(su)料熔(rong)化。較高的(de)(de)(de)接觸(chu)(chu)壓(ya)緊(jin)力可以減少(shao)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)和熱(re)(re)量。

　　老舊的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)有較大的內(nei)阻(zu)，所以(yi)不配對的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不能放一起進行快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。即使它(ta)們(men)都(dou)是快(kuai)充(chong)型電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。內(nei)阻(zu)大的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)生熱快(kuai)，從而使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)狀況繼(ji)續惡化。差的（舊的）電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量也降低了，它(ta)們(men)比正常電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)更早充(chong)滿并開始(shi)快(kuai)速升(sheng)溫。一些電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)產生的熱量足以(yi)讓塑料電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)盒軟化變(bian)形。

　　許多制造商還提供脈沖充電器。在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)脈沖(chong)之(zhi)間分(fen)布放(fang)電(dian)脈沖(chong)可(ke)以(yi)很大的提升充(chong)(chong)電(dian)效(xiao)果。這個方法促進了氧氣(qi)和氫氣(qi)的重新結合，使內壓和溫度(du)降低(di)。脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)還能減少(shao)鎳(nie)(nie)鎘電(dian)池結晶效(xiao)應（記憶效(xiao)應）。多數用(yong)于鎳(nie)(nie)基電(dian)池的Cadex充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器都(dou)使用(yong)了這種技術。

　　一(yi)些高級充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器能根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)池特性調整充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流。一(yi)個空的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池先使(shi)用(yong)大電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)，在充(chong)到(dao)大半時，電(dian)(dian)流逐漸縮(suo)小。舊電(dian)(dian)池也能根(gen)據(ju)情(qing)況自(zi)動充(chong)到(dao)一(yi)個合適的(de)程度。