一、要求 設計并制作一個電能收集充電器，該充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)核心為直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)變換(huan)器，它從一直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中吸收電(dian)(dian)能，以(yi)盡(jin)可(ke)能大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)入一個可(ke)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)輸出功(gong)率(lv)有限，其電(dian)(dian)動勢Es在一定范圍內(nei)(nei)緩(huan)慢(man)(man)變化，當(dang)Es為不同值時，直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)變換(huan)器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路結構，參(can)數可(ke)以(yi)不同。監測和控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路由直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)變換(huan)器供電(dian)(dian)。由于Es的(de)(de)變化極慢(man)(man)，監測和控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路應該采(cai)用間歇工作方式，以(yi)降低其能耗。可(ke)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動勢Ec=3.6V，內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)Rc=0.1Ω。

二(er)、成功(gong)(gong)標準 1、基本要(yao)求（1）在Rs=100Ω，Es=10V～20V時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)Ic大于（Es-Ec）/（Rs+Rc）。（2）在Rs=100Ω時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的Es盡(jin)(jin)(jin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)低(di)。（3）Es從(cong)0逐漸升高(gao)時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)啟動(dong)(dong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)的Es盡(jin)(jin)(jin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)低(di)。（4）Es降(jiang)低(di)到不(bu)能(neng)(neng)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，最低(di)至0時(shi)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)量降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。（5）監測和控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路工(gong)作間歇(xie)設定范圍為 0.1 s～5s。 2、自(zi)由發揮部分（1）在Rs=1Ω，Es=1.2V～3.6V時(shi)，以(yi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)大的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。（2）能(neng)(neng)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的Es盡(jin)(jin)(jin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)低(di)。當Es≥1.1V時(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs =1Ω；當Es＜1.1V時(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs =0.1Ω。（3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)完全放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，Es從(cong)0逐漸升高(gao)時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)啟動(dong)(dong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)（充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出端(duan)開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓＞3.6V，短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)＞0）的Es盡(jin)(jin)(jin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)低(di)。當Es≥1.1V時(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs =1Ω；當Es＜1.1V時(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs=0.1Ω。（4）降(jiang)低(di)成本.