一、要求 設計并制作一個電能收集充電器，該充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)核心為直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)，它從一直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源中吸收電(dian)(dian)能，以(yi)盡可(ke)能大的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充入(ru)一個可(ke)充電(dian)(dian)池。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源的(de)輸出功(gong)率有限，其電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)勢Es在一定范圍(wei)內緩慢變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，當Es為不同(tong)值時，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)結構，參數(shu)可(ke)以(yi)不同(tong)。監(jian)測和控制電(dian)(dian)路(lu)由(you)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)供電(dian)(dian)。由(you)于(yu)Es的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)極慢，監(jian)測和控制電(dian)(dian)路(lu)應該采用間(jian)歇工(gong)作方(fang)式(shi)，以(yi)降低其能耗(hao)。可(ke)充電(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)勢Ec=3.6V，內阻Rc=0.1Ω。

二、成功(gong)標準 1、基(ji)本要求（1）在Rs=100Ω，Es=10V～20V時(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)Ic大(da)于(yu)（Es-Ec）/（Rs+Rc）。（2）在Rs=100Ω時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)Es盡(jin)(jin)(jin)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)低(di)。（3）Es從0逐漸(jian)升(sheng)高時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)自(zi)動(dong)啟動(dong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)Es盡(jin)(jin)(jin)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)低(di)。（4）Es降低(di)到不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，最(zui)低(di)至0時(shi)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)量降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。（5）監測和控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)工作(zuo)間歇設定(ding)范(fan)圍為 0.1 s～5s。 2、自(zi)由發揮部分（1）在Rs=1Ω，Es=1.2V～3.6V時(shi)，以盡(jin)(jin)(jin)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。（2）能(neng)(neng)(neng)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)Es盡(jin)(jin)(jin)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)低(di)。當(dang)Es≥1.1V時(shi)，取Rs =1Ω；當(dang)Es＜1.1V時(shi)，取Rs =0.1Ω。（3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)完(wan)全放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，Es從0逐漸(jian)升(sheng)高時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)自(zi)動(dong)啟動(dong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)（充電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出端開路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓＞3.6V，短路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)＞0）的(de)Es盡(jin)(jin)(jin)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)低(di)。當(dang)Es≥1.1V時(shi)，取Rs =1Ω；當(dang)Es＜1.1V時(shi)，取Rs=0.1Ω。（4）降低(di)成本.