一、要求 設計并制作一個電能收集充電器，該(gai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器的(de)核心為直流(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)換(huan)器，它(ta)從一直流(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)吸收電(dian)能，以盡(jin)可能大的(de)電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)入一個可充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)池(chi)。直流(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)輸出(chu)功率有限，其電(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)Es在一定范(fan)圍內(nei)緩慢變(bian)化，當(dang)Es為不同值(zhi)時，直流(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)換(huan)器的(de)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)結構，參數(shu)可以不同。監測(ce)(ce)和控(kong)制電(dian)路(lu)(lu)由直流(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)換(huan)器供(gong)電(dian)。由于Es的(de)變(bian)化極慢，監測(ce)(ce)和控(kong)制電(dian)路(lu)(lu)應(ying)該(gai)采用間(jian)歇工作方式(shi)，以降低其能耗。可充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)Ec=3.6V，內(nei)阻Rc=0.1Ω。

二、成功標準 1、基本要求（1）在(zai)Rs=100Ω，Es=10V～20V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流Ic大于（Es-Ec）/（Rs+Rc）。（2）在(zai)Rs=100Ω時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，能(neng)(neng)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)Es盡可能(neng)(neng)低(di)(di)。（3）Es從(cong)0逐漸升(sheng)高(gao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，能(neng)(neng)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功能(neng)(neng)的(de)Es盡可能(neng)(neng)低(di)(di)。（4）Es降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)到不能(neng)(neng)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，最(zui)低(di)(di)至0時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，盡量降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。（5）監測和(he)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)工作間歇設定范(fan)圍為 0.1 s～5s。 2、自由發揮部分(fen)（1）在(zai)Rs=1Ω，Es=1.2V～3.6V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，以盡可能(neng)(neng)大的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流向電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。（2）能(neng)(neng)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)Es盡可能(neng)(neng)低(di)(di)。當Es≥1.1V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs =1Ω；當Es＜1.1V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs =0.1Ω。（3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)完全(quan)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，Es從(cong)0逐漸升(sheng)高(gao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，能(neng)(neng)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功能(neng)(neng)（充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出端開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓＞3.6V，短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流＞0）的(de)Es盡可能(neng)(neng)低(di)(di)。當Es≥1.1V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs =1Ω；當Es＜1.1V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs=0.1Ω。（4）降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)成本.