一、要求 設計并制作一個電能收集充電器，該充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)核心為直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變換器，它(ta)從一(yi)(yi)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中吸(xi)收電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，以(yi)盡可(ke)能大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)入一(yi)(yi)個可(ke)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)功(gong)率有(you)限，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)Es在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定范圍內緩慢(man)變化，當Es為不同值(zhi)時，直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變換器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路結構，參(can)數(shu)可(ke)以(yi)不同。監(jian)測和控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路由直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變換器供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于Es的(de)(de)變化極(ji)慢(man)，監(jian)測和控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路應該采(cai)用間歇工作方式(shi)，以(yi)降低(di)其(qi)能耗。可(ke)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)Ec=3.6V，內阻(zu)Rc=0.1Ω。

二、成功(gong)標準 1、基本要(yao)求（1）在Rs=100Ω，Es=10V～20V時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)Ic大于(yu)（Es-Ec）/（Rs+Rc）。（2）在Rs=100Ω時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)Es盡可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)低(di)(di)。（3）Es從0逐漸升高時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)Es盡可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)低(di)(di)。（4）Es降(jiang)低(di)(di)到(dao)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最低(di)(di)至0時(shi)，盡量(liang)降(jiang)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。（5）監(jian)測和控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)工作間歇(xie)設定(ding)范圍為 0.1 s～5s。 2、自(zi)由發揮部分（1）在Rs=1Ω，Es=1.2V～3.6V時(shi)，以(yi)盡可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)大的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。（2）能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)Es盡可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)低(di)(di)。當Es≥1.1V時(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs =1Ω；當Es＜1.1V時(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs =0.1Ω。（3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)完(wan)全放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，Es從0逐漸升高時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)（充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出端開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)＞3.6V，短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)＞0）的(de)Es盡可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)低(di)(di)。當Es≥1.1V時(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs =1Ω；當Es＜1.1V時(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs=0.1Ω。（4）降(jiang)低(di)(di)成本.