一、要求 設計并制作一個電能收集充電器，該充電器的(de)核心為直流(liu)(liu)電源(yuan)變換器，它從(cong)一直流(liu)(liu)電源(yuan)中吸收電能，以(yi)盡可(ke)能大的(de)電流(liu)(liu)充入一個(ge)可(ke)充電池(chi)。直流(liu)(liu)電源(yuan)的(de)輸出功率(lv)有(you)限，其電動勢(shi)Es在一定范圍(wei)內緩慢變化，當Es為不(bu)同(tong)值時，直流(liu)(liu)電源(yuan)變換器的(de)電路(lu)結(jie)構，參數(shu)可(ke)以(yi)不(bu)同(tong)。監(jian)測(ce)和控制電路(lu)由直流(liu)(liu)電源(yuan)變換器供電。由于Es的(de)變化極慢，監(jian)測(ce)和控制電路(lu)應該采用(yong)間(jian)歇工作方式(shi)，以(yi)降(jiang)低其能耗。可(ke)充電池(chi)的(de)電動勢(shi)Ec=3.6V，內阻Rc=0.1Ω。

二、成功(gong)標準(zhun) 1、基本(ben)要求（1）在Rs=100Ω，Es=10V～20V時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)Ic大(da)于(yu)（Es-Ec）/（Rs+Rc）。（2）在Rs=100Ω時(shi)(shi)，能(neng)(neng)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)Es盡(jin)(jin)(jin)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)低(di)。（3）Es從(cong)0逐漸升高(gao)時(shi)(shi)，能(neng)(neng)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)啟動(dong)(dong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)的(de)Es盡(jin)(jin)(jin)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)低(di)。（4）Es降低(di)到(dao)不能(neng)(neng)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最低(di)至0時(shi)(shi)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)量(liang)降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。（5）監測(ce)和控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)工作(zuo)間歇(xie)設(she)定范(fan)圍為(wei) 0.1 s～5s。 2、自(zi)由發揮部分(fen)（1）在Rs=1Ω，Es=1.2V～3.6V時(shi)(shi)，以盡(jin)(jin)(jin)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。（2）能(neng)(neng)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)Es盡(jin)(jin)(jin)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)低(di)。當(dang)Es≥1.1V時(shi)(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs =1Ω；當(dang)Es＜1.1V時(shi)(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs =0.1Ω。（3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)完(wan)全放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，Es從(cong)0逐漸升高(gao)時(shi)(shi)，能(neng)(neng)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)啟動(dong)(dong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)（充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出端開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓＞3.6V，短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)＞0）的(de)Es盡(jin)(jin)(jin)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)低(di)。當(dang)Es≥1.1V時(shi)(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs =1Ω；當(dang)Es＜1.1V時(shi)(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs=0.1Ω。（4）降低(di)成本(ben).