一、要求 設計并制作一個電能收集充電器，該充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)核心為直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)(bian)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)，它從(cong)一(yi)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中吸收電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，以(yi)(yi)盡可能(neng)大的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充入一(yi)個(ge)可充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)輸出功率有限(xian)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)Es在一(yi)定范圍內緩(huan)慢(man)變(bian)(bian)化，當(dang)Es為不同值時，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)(bian)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路結構(gou)，參數(shu)可以(yi)(yi)不同。監(jian)測(ce)和控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路由直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)(bian)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于Es的(de)變(bian)(bian)化極慢(man)，監(jian)測(ce)和控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路應(ying)該采用(yong)間歇工作(zuo)方式，以(yi)(yi)降低其能(neng)耗。可充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)Ec=3.6V，內阻Rc=0.1Ω。

二、成功(gong)標準 1、基(ji)本(ben)要求（1）在Rs=100Ω，Es=10V～20V時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)Ic大于(yu)（Es-Ec）/（Rs+Rc）。（2）在Rs=100Ω時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)向電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)Es盡(jin)可能(neng)(neng)低(di)。（3）Es從0逐(zhu)漸升高(gao)時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)自動啟動充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)的(de)Es盡(jin)可能(neng)(neng)低(di)。（4）Es降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)到不能(neng)(neng)向電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，最低(di)至0時(shi)，盡(jin)量(liang)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。（5）監測和控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)路(lu)工作間歇設定(ding)范圍為(wei) 0.1 s～5s。 2、自由發揮部分（1）在Rs=1Ω，Es=1.2V～3.6V時(shi)，以盡(jin)可能(neng)(neng)大的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)向電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。（2）能(neng)(neng)向電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)Es盡(jin)可能(neng)(neng)低(di)。當Es≥1.1V時(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs =1Ω；當Es＜1.1V時(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs =0.1Ω。（3）電(dian)(dian)池(chi)完全放電(dian)(dian)，Es從0逐(zhu)漸升高(gao)時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)自動啟動充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)（充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)輸(shu)出端(duan)開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓＞3.6V，短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)＞0）的(de)Es盡(jin)可能(neng)(neng)低(di)。當Es≥1.1V時(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs =1Ω；當Es＜1.1V時(shi)，取(qu)(qu)Rs=0.1Ω。（4）降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)成本(ben).