一、要求 設計并制作一個電能收集充電器，該(gai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)核心為直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變換(huan)器(qi)(qi)，它(ta)從一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中吸收(shou)電(dian)(dian)能，以盡可(ke)能大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)入一(yi)(yi)個可(ke)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)池。直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出功(gong)率有限，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢Es在一(yi)(yi)定范圍內(nei)緩慢變化，當Es為不同值時，直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變換(huan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路結構(gou)，參數可(ke)以不同。監(jian)測和(he)控制電(dian)(dian)路由直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變換(huan)器(qi)(qi)供電(dian)(dian)。由于Es的(de)(de)變化極(ji)慢，監(jian)測和(he)控制電(dian)(dian)路應該(gai)采用間歇工作方式，以降低(di)其(qi)能耗。可(ke)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢Ec=3.6V，內(nei)阻(zu)Rc=0.1Ω。

二、成(cheng)功標準 1、基本(ben)要求（1）在(zai)(zai)Rs=100Ω，Es=10V～20V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流Ic大(da)于（Es-Ec）/（Rs+Rc）。（2）在(zai)(zai)Rs=100Ω時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)Es盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)低(di)。（3）Es從0逐(zhu)漸升高(gao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)自動(dong)啟動(dong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)Es盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)低(di)。（4）Es降(jiang)低(di)到不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最低(di)至0時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，盡(jin)量(liang)降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。（5）監測(ce)和控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)工作間歇設定范圍為 0.1 s～5s。 2、自由(you)發揮(hui)部分（1）在(zai)(zai)Rs=1Ω，Es=1.2V～3.6V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，以盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。（2）能(neng)(neng)(neng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)Es盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)低(di)。當Es≥1.1V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，取(qu)Rs =1Ω；當Es＜1.1V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，取(qu)Rs =0.1Ω。（3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池完全放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，Es從0逐(zhu)漸升高(gao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)自動(dong)啟動(dong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)（充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出端(duan)開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓＞3.6V，短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流＞0）的(de)(de)Es盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)低(di)。當Es≥1.1V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，取(qu)Rs =1Ω；當Es＜1.1V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，取(qu)Rs=0.1Ω。（4）降(jiang)低(di)成(cheng)本(ben).