美(mei)國(guo)太(tai)空總署曾(ceng)針對如何延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命(ming)進行專項研究。研究的(de)結果(guo)顯(xian)示，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)越滿、損耗(hao)也(ye)會(hui)越大(da)。如果(guo)能(neng)使(shi)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)量保持在(zai)中間狀態，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)壽命(ming)將會(hui)更長(chang)。這意味著(zhu)，既不要將鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)到100%，也(ye)不要將鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)量耗(hao)盡(jin)，充電(dian)(dian)與放電(dian)(dian)的(de)間隔越小越好。

而對于鋰電池充電的常見充電方式：

  1. 恒流充電：在充電過程中保持恒定的電流給電池充電，是最常見的充電方式，一般充電器都采用恒流充電；

  2. 恒流恒壓充電(dian)(dian)：充電(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)壓為電(dian)(dian)池可承受的上線電(dian)(dian)壓，電(dian)(dian)流為設定(ding)的恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流，我們鋰電(dian)(dian)池最常用(yong)的都是采用(yong)的此(ci)種方案;

  3. 非(fei)恒流充電(dian)(dian)：采(cai)用線性電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，加(jia)簡單的控制電(dian)(dian)路，成(cheng)本低。

為避免電池過充，需要在必要時對充電過程或在充電完成時予以控制或終止。常見的充電控制方法有以下4種：

  1. 時(shi)間(jian)控(kong)制： 通(tong)過設置一定的充(chong)電時(shi)間(jian)來控(kong)制充(chong)電終點，一般按照充(chong)入(ru)120%~150%電池(chi)標稱容量所需的對應(ying)時(shi)間(jian)來控(kong)制；

  2. -△V控制： 當(dang)電池(chi)充滿電時(shi)，電池(chi)電壓(ya)會(hui)(hui)達到(dao)一個峰值，然后電壓(ya)會(hui)(hui)下降。當(dang)電壓(ya)下降一定的值時(shi)，終(zhong)止充電；

  3. 峰值電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓控(kong)制： 通過(guo)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓來判斷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的終點，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達(da)到峰值時，終止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；

  4. TCO控(kong)制： 當(dang)電池溫度升高一定數值時停(ting)止充(chong)電。