美國太空總署曾針對如何延長電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命進行(xing)專項(xiang)研究。研究的(de)結果(guo)顯示，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)越(yue)(yue)滿、損耗(hao)也會越(yue)(yue)大。如果(guo)能使鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)量保持在中間(jian)(jian)狀態，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽(shou)命將會更長。這意味(wei)著，既不(bu)要將鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)到(dao)100%，也不(bu)要將鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)量耗(hao)盡(jin)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)與(yu)放電(dian)(dian)的(de)間(jian)(jian)隔越(yue)(yue)小越(yue)(yue)好。

而對于鋰電池充電的常見充電方式：

  1. 恒流充電：在充電過程中保持恒定的電流給電池充電，是最常見的充電方式，一般充電器都采用恒流充電；

  2. 恒(heng)流(liu)恒(heng)壓充電(dian)(dian)：充電(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)電(dian)(dian)池可承受(shou)的上(shang)線電(dian)(dian)壓，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)設定的恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，我(wo)們鋰電(dian)(dian)池最(zui)常(chang)用的都是采用的此(ci)種方案;

  3. 非(fei)恒流充電：采用線(xian)性(xing)電源(yuan)，加簡(jian)單的(de)控(kong)制電路(lu)，成本低(di)。

為避免電池過充，需要在必要時對充電過程或在充電完成時予以控制或終止。常見的充電控制方法有以下4種：

  1. 時間控(kong)制(zhi)： 通過設(she)置一定的充電時間來控(kong)制(zhi)充電終點，一般按照(zhao)充入(ru)120%~150%電池標稱容(rong)量(liang)所需的對(dui)應(ying)時間來控(kong)制(zhi)；

  2. -△V控制： 當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會達到一個峰(feng)值(zhi)，然后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會下(xia)降(jiang)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)降(jiang)一定的值(zhi)時(shi)，終止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)；

  3. 峰(feng)值(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)控(kong)制： 通過檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)來判斷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的終點，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到峰(feng)值(zhi)時(shi)，終止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；

  4. TCO控(kong)制： 當電池溫度升(sheng)高一定數值(zhi)時停止充(chong)電。