美國太空(kong)總署曾(ceng)針對如何延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命進行專(zhuan)項研究。研究的(de)結果顯示(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越滿、損耗也會越大(da)。如果能使鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量保持(chi)在中間(jian)狀態，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽命將(jiang)(jiang)會更長。這意味著，既不(bu)要(yao)將(jiang)(jiang)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)100%，也不(bu)要(yao)將(jiang)(jiang)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量耗盡，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)間(jian)隔越小越好。

而對于鋰電池充電的常見充電方式：

  1. 恒流充電：在充電過程中保持恒定的電流給電池充電，是最常見的充電方式，一般充電器都采用恒流充電；

  2. 恒流(liu)恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充電(dian)(dian)：充電(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為電(dian)(dian)池可承受的上線電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為設(she)定的恒定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，我們鋰電(dian)(dian)池最常用(yong)(yong)的都是(shi)采用(yong)(yong)的此種方案;

  3. 非恒流充(chong)電(dian)：采用線(xian)性(xing)電(dian)源，加簡單的控制電(dian)路，成(cheng)本(ben)低。

為避免電池過充，需要在必要時對充電過程或在充電完成時予以控制或終止。常見的充電控制方法有以下4種：

  1. 時(shi)間控制(zhi)： 通(tong)過設置一定(ding)的充電時(shi)間來控制(zhi)充電終點(dian)，一般(ban)按照充入120%~150%電池標(biao)稱(cheng)容量所需(xu)的對應時(shi)間來控制(zhi)；

  2. -△V控制(zhi)： 當(dang)電(dian)池充滿電(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)會達到一個峰值(zhi)，然后(hou)電(dian)壓(ya)會下降(jiang)。當(dang)電(dian)壓(ya)下降(jiang)一定的值(zhi)時(shi)，終止充電(dian)；

  3. 峰值電壓控制： 通過檢測(ce)電池的電壓來判(pan)斷充電的終點，當電壓達(da)到峰值時，終止(zhi)充電；

  4. TCO控制(zhi)： 當電(dian)池(chi)溫度升高(gao)一定數值時停(ting)止(zhi)充電(dian)。