鋰離子(Li+)電池比其它化學類型的電池更脆弱，對于違規操作具有非常小的容限。因此，鋰電池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路比較復雜(za)，要求高精度電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓設(she)置(zhi)。如果(guo)無法滿(man)足(zu)這些精度要求，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)可能(neng)無法將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池完全充(chong)(chong)滿(man)，進而(er)降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命(ming)，或(huo)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)池性能(neng)。

　　鑒于對Li+電池充電器的(de)(de)這些要求，對充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設計進行完全測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)并在整個工(gong)作(zuo)范圍(wei)內進行分(fen)段(duan)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)非(fei)常(chang)重要。然而，采用常(chang)規負載(即(ji)Li+電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi))測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)Li+電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)將非(fei)常(chang)耗時，而且在實(shi)驗室和生產環境(jing)中也(ye)難于實(shi)現。為了簡化(hua)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)過程，本文給(gei)出了一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)仿真電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，可加快測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)速度，在不帶實(shi)際電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)情況下(xia)實(shi)現對鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)。

　　CC-CV充電

　　鋰(li)離子電池(chi)充電過程(cheng)的(de)第一階段需要中等精度的(de)恒(heng)流(CC)充電，然后在第二階段過渡到高精度恒(heng)壓(CV)充電。

　　圖1為用于(yu)鋰離子(zi)電池(chi)充電器(qi)的CC-CV集成(cheng)電路(MAX1737)的V-I特性(xing)曲線。這種(zhong)類(lei)型的IC是消(xiao)費類(lei)產品中所(suo)有鋰離子(zi)電池(chi)充電器(qi)的核心。圖中可清(qing)楚

　　看出CC (2.6V至4.2V電池(chi)電壓(ya))和CV (4.2V)區(qu)域。

　　圖1. MAX1737的V-I曲線是Li+電池充電器的標準特性曲線

　　電池低于2.6V時，需要采用不同的充電技術。如果試圖對放電至2.6V以下的電池充電，充電器須提供一個較低的(de)充電電流(“調(diao)理電流”)，將電池電壓(ya)充至2.6V。這是鋰離子電池過(guo)放電時所必須采取的(de)安全機制(zhi)。VBATT< 2.6V時強(qiang)行進行快速充電，會使電池進入不(bu)可恢(hui)復的(de)短路(lu)狀態。

　　CC向CV階(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)過(guo)渡點的(de)(de)臨界容差(cha)為± 40mV。之(zhi)所以要求如此嚴格的(de)(de)容差(cha)，是因(yin)為如果CV過(guo)低，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)將無法完全充滿;而CV過(guo)高，則(ze)會縮短電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命。充電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)終(zhong)止意味著檢(jian)(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)達到滿電(dian)(dian)量，充電(dian)(dian)器必(bi)須斷開或關閉(bi)。在CV階(jie)段(duan)，當檢(jian)(jian)測到充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流降至快充電(dian)(dian)流或最大充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)一定比例(通常(chang)< 10%)時(shi)終(zhong)止充電(dian)(dian)。

　　Li+電池充電器參數測(ce)試

　　Li+電池充(chong)電器設計通常(chang)包括(kuo)兩(liang)個基(ji)本部(bu)分(fen)：數字(zi)部(bu)分(fen)(控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)狀態機)和模(mo)擬部(bu)分(fen)，模(mo)擬部(bu)分(fen)包括(kuo)帶有高精度(>1%)基(ji)準、可(ke)精確控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的電流/電壓源。對鋰離子充(chong)電器(不僅(jin)(jin)指IC)進行完全測(ce)試是一項非常(chang)棘手且耗費時(shi)間的工作，不僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)限于對電流或電壓值(zhi)進行檢驗。

　　測(ce)(ce)試(shi)時(shi)，應(ying)該在整(zheng)個工作范圍對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)進(jin)行(xing)分段(duan)檢測(ce)(ce)：包(bao)括CC階(jie)段(duan)、從CC到CV的切換(huan)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)終止等(deng)。如上所述，測(ce)(ce)試(shi)的理(li)想(xiang)情況是采(cai)用常(chang)規充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的負載(zai)：即Li+電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。然(ran)而(er)，由于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程需要一小時(shi)甚(shen)至(zhi)更長(chang)時(shi)間，使用鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行(xing)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)非常(chang)耗時(shi)。根據具體測(ce)(ce)試(shi)條件的不同：例如大容量電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)+慢速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，小容量電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)+快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以及其(qi)它可(ke)能(neng)組合，測(ce)(ce)試(shi)時(shi)間也不盡相同。

　　此外，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程無法在保證不損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)前提(ti)(ti)下提(ti)(ti)高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，因為充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最大(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速率(即快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu))的(de)制約。對于消費類產品常用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，很(hen)少規定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大(da)于1C (在1小(xiao)時內將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)完全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu))。因此，大(da)多(duo)數(shu)情況下完成整個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)周期所(suo)需(xu)要的(de)時間往(wang)往(wang)超過兩小(xiao)時。如果(guo)需(xu)要重復(fu)測試，則需(xu)要將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)完全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian) ― 這(zhe)一過程僅(jin)僅(jin)比(bi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)稍(shao)微(wei)短一些(xie)。或者(zhe)，必須能夠隨時備有完全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

　　另外可以使用(yong)一個(ge)模擬的(de)理想負(fu)載替(ti)代真實電(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行(xing)負(fu)載測(ce)試。仿真時，應驗證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)路的(de)直(zhi)流響(xiang)應和動(dong)態(tai)穩定(ding)性。然而，使用(yong)功率測(ce)試所(suo)用(yong)的(de)標準負(fu)載進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)池仿真非(fei)常困(kun)難(nan)。與(yu)大多數電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)測(ce)試使用(yong)的(de)負(fu)載不(bu)同，電(dian)(dian)池不(bu)能(neng)簡單地當作電(dian)(dian)阻或固定(ding)地吸入電(dian)(dian)流。如(ru)上所(suo)述，必(bi)須在整個(ge)工作范圍內(nei)進(jin)行(xing)分段測(ce)試。以下介紹的(de)Li+充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器測(ce)試電(dian)(dian)路完(wan)全滿足這些要求。

　　選擇電池模型負載

　　我們先討論兩個必須考慮但最終放棄的建模方法。電池負載建模的方法之一是：使用一個具有源出(放電)和吸入(充電)電流能力的電壓源與代表電池內阻的電阻串聯。由于Li+電池要求精確控制終止電壓和充電電流，目前所有Li+充電器實際上是穩(wen)壓電源轉換器(qi)。

　　此外，由于穩壓電源變換器(充電器)的穩定性取決于負載(電池)的動態特性，因此必須選擇一個與模型非常相似的負載。否則，測試只能驗證充電器本身的V-I特性。

　　如(ru)果(guo)只(zhi)是(shi)進行一次性測試(shi)，可(ke)以(yi)使用(yong)并聯(lian)型穩壓器與(yu)電阻串聯(lian)，這足(zu)以(yi)模(mo)擬(ni)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)內阻，并且，這一簡單(dan)的(de)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)模(mo)型完全可(ke)以(yi)滿足(zu)測試(shi)要求。這種方法(fa)的(de)優勢是(shi)由充(chong)電器本身供電。然而，更嚴格的(de)測試(shi)需要更精確的(de)模(mo)型。該模(mo)型采用(yong)內部電壓源(yuan)，電壓值是(shi)充(chong)電過程中供給電池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)總電荷的(de)函數。

　　用(yong)恒流源對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)壓將不斷變(bian)化(hua)，以(yi)(yi)一(yi)定的(de)正(zheng)斜率上升。這是由于放(fang)電(dian)(dian)和其它電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部化(hua)學變(bian)化(hua)過程中，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)極周圍(wei)累積的(de)極化(hua)離子逐漸減少。因此(ci)，充電(dian)(dian)器的(de)工(gong)作點取決于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)連接時間的(de)長短，以(yi)(yi)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)工(gong)作歷史。用(yong)大多(duo)數電(dian)(dian)子實驗室能夠找到的(de)通(tong)用(yong)器件(jian)構建負載(zai)，以(yi)(yi)模(mo)擬這一(yi)復雜負載(zai)的(de)模(mo)型很困難。

　　需要經常對(dui)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)進行測(ce)(ce)試(shi)，或(huo)必須詳細(xi)描述電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)特性時(shi)(shi)，準確(que)模擬充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池非常有(you)用(yong)。模擬過程需要連續掃描充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)所有(you)直流(liu)工作(zuo)點。模擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)還要顯示(shi)(shi)結(jie)果(guo)，使操作(zuo)人員可(ke)以(yi)(yi)查找問題、故障和干擾。如果(guo)模擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)能(neng)夠提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓輸出和信號，這些(xie)結(jie)果(guo)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)直接作(zuo)為示(shi)(shi)波器信號。測(ce)(ce)試(shi)速度可(ke)以(yi)(yi)加快(從幾小時(shi)(shi)到數十秒)，并(bing)可(ke)根據需要進行多次反復，比用(yong)真正的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池測(ce)(ce)試(shi)更(geng)方便(bian)。然而，測(ce)(ce)試(shi)速度加快后對(dui)確(que)定充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)熱效應(ying)不利。因此，可(ke)能(neng)需要額外的(de)(de)長時(shi)(shi)間測(ce)(ce)試(shi)，以(yi)(yi)便(bian)與(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和調(diao)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)熱時(shi)(shi)間常數相吻(wen)合。

　　 建立電池模型負載

　　圖(tu)2電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路模擬的(de)是單節鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器CC階(jie)段(duan)的(de)終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)由充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器設置決定。仿(fang)真(zhen)器初始化時，可設置完(wan)全(quan)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條(tiao)件(jian)下內部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)3V，但該(gai)(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可以(yi)提升到4.3V，以(yi)測(ce)試(shi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況(kuang)。3V初始值(zhi)通(tong)常用于低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)關斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(用來終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程)。這種設計專(zhuan)門針對終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)4.2V的(de)標準CC-CV鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。該(gai)(gai)設計調整起來很容易，能夠適應非(fei)標準終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)完(wan)全(quan)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)測(ce)試(shi)。測(ce)試(shi)時充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器用高達3A的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)驅(qu)動仿(fang)真(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，受功率晶體(ti)管功耗的(de)限制。圖(tu)2電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路模擬了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)增加的(de)情況(kuang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)是從仿(fang)真(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路設置為(wei)(wei)完(wan)全(quan)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態開始，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)函數。

　　根(gen)據圖中給出的參(can)數(shu)值(zhi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為1A時，積分時間常(chang)數(shu)使模(mo)擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路在(zai)(zai)6至(zhi)7秒內(nei)達(da)到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的4.2V限(xian)制。對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流范圍、內(nei)阻、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和完(wan)全放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的模(mo)擬是(shi)在(zai)(zai)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(本例中指Sony US18650G3)典(dian)型參(can)數(shu)的基礎上完(wan)成的。所仿真的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓沒有考慮環境溫度(du)的影響。

　　圖2 單節(jie)Li+電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)情況的(de)仿(fang)真電(dian)路，該電(dian)路可以(yi)在不使(shi)用實際電(dian)池(chi)的(de)情況下測(ce)試Li+電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)器

　　并聯穩(wen)壓器(qi)設計采用MAX8515并聯穩(wen)壓器(qi)和(he)一對(dui)雙極型功率(lv)晶(jing)體管(guan)(選擇該穩(wen)壓器(qi)時(shi)考慮(lv)了其內部基(ji)準電壓的(de)(de)精度)，大電流TIP35晶(jing)體管(guan)安裝在能夠耗散25W熱量的(de)(de)散熱器(qi)上(shang)。

　　MAX4163雙運放(fang)的其中一個放(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)用來對充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流積(ji)分，另一個放(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)對電(dian)(dian)流測量信(xin)號進(jin)行放(fang)大(da)(da)和偏置(zhi)。該運算(suan)放(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)具有較(jiao)高的電(dian)(dian)源抑制比，并可支持滿擺幅輸(shu)入/輸(shu)出(chu)范(fan)圍，簡化了兩種功能電(dian)(dian)路的設計。注(zhu)意，與(yu)電(dian)(dian)池仿真(zhen)器(qi)正端(duan)串(chuan)聯的0.100Ω電(dian)(dian)流檢測電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)同時也作為電(dian)(dian)池內阻(zu)。

　　在具有自動(dong)測試-數據(ju)采集功能(neng)的系統內(nei)工作時(shi)，可用外(wai)(wai)部信號將仿(fang)真(zhen)電(dian)池復位(wei)到(dao)完(wan)全放(fang)電(dian)狀態。另外(wai)(wai)，手動(dong)操作測試設(she)置時(shi)，可用按鍵復位(wei)。

　　利(li)用單刀單擲開(kai)關(guan)可(ke)以選擇仿真(zhen)(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)兩種工(gong)(gong)作模式。擲向(xiang)A端(duan)(duan)時(shi)(shi)，實現積分充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)仿真(zhen)(zhen)器(qi)，如上(shang)(shang)所述。擲向(xiang)B端(duan)(duan)時(shi)(shi)，仿真(zhen)(zhen)器(qi)將(jiang)設(she)(she)(she)定在某一(yi)固定的(de)直流(liu)工(gong)(gong)作點對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)進(jin)行現場測試時(shi)(shi)的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和吸(xi)(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。為實現這一(yi)功能，“設(she)(she)(she)置”電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可(ke)通過改(gai)變(bian)50kΩ可(ke)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，在2.75V至5.75V之間手(shou)動調整(zheng)。這些設(she)(she)(she)置電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值與內部吸(xi)(xi)(xi)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)有關(guan)。仿真(zhen)(zhen)器(qi)端(duan)(duan)實測電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(VBATT)等于設(she)(she)(she)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)加上(shang)(shang)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)經仿真(zhen)(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內阻(zu)(0.100Ω電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu))產生的(de)壓(ya)降。仿真(zhen)(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路工(gong)(gong)作時(shi)(shi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)取(qu)自電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)。

　　仿真電路的性能

　　圖(tu)3為(wei)模(mo)擬鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至4.2V時(shi)獲得的(de)典(dian)型V-I波形。從圖(tu)中可以(yi)看出兩個測試(shi)過程：一(yi)個是以(yi)1A初始(shi)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(曲線B和D)，另一(yi)個是以(yi)2A快充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(曲線A和C)。這(zhe)兩種情況下，首先進入CC階段充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達(da)到(dao)(dao)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓4.2V。在(zai)此之后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)呈指數衰減(jian)，而仿真電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓保持不變(bian)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)2A時(shi)到(dao)(dao)達(da)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓所(suo)需的(de)時(shi)間(jian)更短，與預期設計相同。然而，請注意，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)加(jia)倍不會(hui)使充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)減(jian)半，只會(hui)使到(dao)(dao)達(da)CV模(mo)式的(de)時(shi)間(jian)減(jian)半，與真實電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池負載的(de)測試(shi)情況一(yi)樣。

　　圖4為兩(liang)個不同設置電(dian)壓：3V和4.1V時(shi)的(de)吸電(dian)流V-I曲線。兩(liang)個曲線的(de)動態電(dian)阻(zu)(用斜(xie)率(lv)表示)僅(jin)僅(jin)是由(you)0.100Ω電(dian)阻(zu)模擬的(de)電(dian)池內阻(zu)。

　　圖3 根據圖2電池仿真電路繪制出的圖形，快速充電波形表明兩種條件下電池充電器的工作情況，分別是：CC階(jie)段提(ti)供1A (曲(qu)線(xian)B和(he)D)和(he)2A (曲(qu)線(xian)A和(he)C)充電電流

　　圖4 圖2電路在電壓(ya)為(wei)4.1V (上部曲(qu)線)和3V (下部曲(qu)線)時(shi)的吸(xi)入(ru)電流，兩種情況下斜率均代表0.1Ω內阻

　　由于鋰離子電池充電過程需要一小時或更長時間，利用實際負載測試鋰電池充電器將非常耗時，而且往往不切實際。為了加快電池充電器測試，本文介紹了一個簡單電路，用來模擬鋰離子電池。該電路提供了一個不使用實際電池對鋰電池充電器進(jin)行測試的有效手段(duan)。