鋰離子(Li+)電池比其它化學類型的電池更脆弱，對于違規操作具有非常小的容限。因此，鋰電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電電路比較復雜，要求(qiu)(qiu)高精度電流、電壓設置。如果無法滿足這些精度要求(qiu)(qiu)，充(chong)電器可(ke)能(neng)(neng)無法將電池(chi)完全充(chong)滿，進而降低電池(chi)壽命，或影響電池(chi)性能(neng)(neng)。

　　鑒于對Li+電池充電器的這(zhe)些要(yao)求(qiu)，對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器設計進行完全測(ce)試(shi)并(bing)在整個工(gong)作(zuo)范(fan)圍內(nei)進行分段測(ce)試(shi)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)重要(yao)。然而(er)，采用常(chang)規(gui)負載(即Li+電(dian)(dian)(dian)池)測(ce)試(shi)Li+電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器將非(fei)(fei)常(chang)耗時(shi)，而(er)且在實驗室和(he)生產(chan)環(huan)境中也難于(yu)實現。為了簡化測(ce)試(shi)過程，本文給出了一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池仿(fang)真電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，可(ke)加快測(ce)試(shi)速(su)度，在不帶實際電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的情(qing)況下實現對鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的測(ce)試(shi)。

　　CC-CV充電

　　鋰(li)離子電(dian)池充電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)的第(di)(di)一(yi)階段需要中等精(jing)(jing)度的恒流(CC)充電(dian)，然后在第(di)(di)二階段過(guo)渡(du)到高精(jing)(jing)度恒壓(CV)充電(dian)。

　　圖1為(wei)用于鋰(li)離(li)子電池(chi)(chi)充電器的CC-CV集成電路(MAX1737)的V-I特性(xing)曲(qu)線(xian)。這(zhe)種類(lei)(lei)型的IC是消費類(lei)(lei)產品中所(suo)有鋰(li)離(li)子電池(chi)(chi)充電器的核(he)心。圖中可(ke)清楚

　　看出CC (2.6V至4.2V電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓)和(he)CV (4.2V)區域(yu)。

　　圖1. MAX1737的V-I曲線是Li+電池充電器的標準特性曲線

　　電池低于2.6V時，需要采用不同的充電技術。如果試圖對放電至2.6V以下的電池充電，充電器須提供一(yi)個(ge)較低的(de)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(“調理電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)”)，將電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓充至2.6V。這是鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池過放電(dian)(dian)時(shi)所必須采取的(de)安全機制。VBATT< 2.6V時(shi)強行(xing)進行(xing)快速充電(dian)(dian)，會使電(dian)(dian)池進入不可恢復的(de)短(duan)路狀態(tai)。

　　CC向CV階段的過渡點的臨(lin)界容差(cha)(cha)為± 40mV。之所以要求如(ru)此嚴格的容差(cha)(cha)，是因為如(ru)果CV過低(di)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池將無法(fa)完全充(chong)滿;而CV過高，則會縮短電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用壽命。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程終(zhong)止意味著檢測(ce)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池達(da)到(dao)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)量，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)必須斷開或關閉。在CV階段，當檢測(ce)到(dao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流降至(zhi)快充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流或最大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的一(yi)定比例(通常< 10%)時終(zhong)止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　Li+電池充電器(qi)參數測試

　　Li+電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)器設計通(tong)常包括兩個基本部(bu)分：數字(zi)部(bu)分(控制狀(zhuang)態機)和模擬(ni)部(bu)分，模擬(ni)部(bu)分包括帶(dai)有(you)高精度(>1%)基準、可精確(que)控制的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)/電(dian)(dian)壓源(yuan)。對(dui)鋰離子充電(dian)(dian)器(不僅指IC)進行(xing)完全(quan)測試(shi)是(shi)一(yi)項非(fei)常棘手(shou)且耗費時(shi)間的(de)工作，不僅僅限于對(dui)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)或電(dian)(dian)壓值進行(xing)檢驗(yan)。

　　測試(shi)時(shi)，應該(gai)在整個(ge)工作范(fan)圍對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器進行(xing)(xing)分段(duan)檢測：包括(kuo)CC階段(duan)、從CC到CV的切換、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)終止等。如(ru)上所述(shu)，測試(shi)的理(li)想(xiang)情況是(shi)采用(yong)常規充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的負載：即Li+電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。然而，由于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程需要一小時(shi)甚至更長時(shi)間(jian)，使用(yong)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行(xing)(xing)測試(shi)非(fei)常耗時(shi)。根據(ju)具體(ti)測試(shi)條件的不同：例(li)如(ru)大容(rong)量電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)+慢速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，小容(rong)量電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)+快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)以及(ji)其它可能組合，測試(shi)時(shi)間(jian)也不盡相同。

　　此外(wai)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程無法在保證不損壞電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)前提下提高充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，因為充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)受電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)速率(即快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu))的(de)制約。對于消費類產品常用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，很少(shao)規(gui)定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)于1C (在1小時(shi)內將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)完(wan)全放電(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu))。因此，大(da)多數情況下完(wan)成整(zheng)個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)周期(qi)所需(xu)要(yao)的(de)時(shi)間往往超過兩小時(shi)。如果需(xu)要(yao)重復測(ce)試，則(ze)需(xu)要(yao)將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)完(wan)全放電(dian)(dian) ― 這一(yi)過程僅僅比充(chong)電(dian)(dian)稍微(wei)短(duan)一(yi)些。或(huo)者，必須能(neng)夠隨時(shi)備(bei)有完(wan)全放電(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

　　另外可(ke)以使用(yong)一個模擬的(de)(de)(de)理(li)想負(fu)載(zai)替代真(zhen)實電(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行負(fu)載(zai)測(ce)試。仿真(zhen)時，應驗證電(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)響應和(he)動態穩定性。然而，使用(yong)功(gong)率測(ce)試所(suo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)標準負(fu)載(zai)進(jin)行電(dian)池(chi)仿真(zhen)非(fei)常困難。與大多(duo)數(shu)電(dian)源測(ce)試使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)載(zai)不同，電(dian)池(chi)不能(neng)簡單地(di)當作電(dian)阻或固定地(di)吸入電(dian)流(liu)。如上所(suo)述，必須在整個工作范圍內進(jin)行分段測(ce)試。以下介紹的(de)(de)(de)Li+充電(dian)器(qi)測(ce)試電(dian)路完全滿足這些要求(qiu)。

　　選(xuan)擇電池模型負載

　　我們先討論兩個必須考慮但最終放棄的建模方法。電池負載建模的方法之一是：使用一個具有源出(放電)和吸入(充電)電流能力的電壓源與代表電池內阻的電阻串聯。由于Li+電池要求精確控制終止電壓和充電電流，目前所有Li+充電器實際(ji)上是穩壓電源(yuan)轉換(huan)器(qi)。

　　此外，由于穩壓電源變換器(充電器)的穩定性取決于負載(電池)的動態特性，因此必須選擇一個與模型非常相似的負載。否則，測試只能驗證充電器本身的V-I特性。

　　如果只是(shi)(shi)進行(xing)一次(ci)性(xing)測試(shi)，可以使用并聯(lian)型(xing)(xing)穩(wen)壓器與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻串聯(lian)，這(zhe)足(zu)以模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)內(nei)阻，并且，這(zhe)一簡單的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)完全可以滿足(zu)測試(shi)要求。這(zhe)種方法(fa)的(de)優勢是(shi)(shi)由(you)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器本(ben)身供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。然而，更嚴格(ge)的(de)測試(shi)需要更精確的(de)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)。該模(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)采用內(nei)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓源，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)是(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中供給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)總(zong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)函數(shu)。

　　用恒(heng)流源對(dui)電(dian)池充電(dian)時電(dian)壓(ya)將不斷變(bian)化，以(yi)(yi)一定的(de)(de)(de)正斜率上升(sheng)。這是由于(yu)放電(dian)和其它電(dian)池內部化學(xue)變(bian)化過程中，電(dian)池正極(ji)周圍累積的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)化離子逐(zhu)漸減少。因(yin)此(ci)，充電(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)點取(qu)決(jue)于(yu)電(dian)池連接(jie)時間的(de)(de)(de)長短，以(yi)(yi)及(ji)電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)歷史。用大多數電(dian)子實驗室能夠找到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)通用器件構(gou)建負(fu)載(zai)，以(yi)(yi)模擬這一復(fu)雜負(fu)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)模型很(hen)困難。

　　需(xu)要(yao)經常對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)進(jin)行測試(shi)，或必(bi)須(xu)詳細描述電(dian)路(lu)(lu)特(te)性時(shi)，準確模(mo)(mo)擬充(chong)電(dian)過程的(de)電(dian)池(chi)非常有(you)用。模(mo)(mo)擬過程需(xu)要(yao)連(lian)續掃(sao)描充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)所有(you)直流工作(zuo)點。模(mo)(mo)擬電(dian)路(lu)(lu)還要(yao)顯示結(jie)果，使操作(zuo)人員可以查找問題、故障和(he)干擾。如果模(mo)(mo)擬電(dian)路(lu)(lu)能(neng)夠(gou)提供電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓輸出和(he)信號(hao)，這(zhe)些結(jie)果可以直接作(zuo)為示波器(qi)信號(hao)。測試(shi)速(su)度可以加(jia)快(kuai)(從幾(ji)小時(shi)到數十秒)，并可根據需(xu)要(yao)進(jin)行多次反(fan)復，比用真(zhen)正的(de)電(dian)池(chi)測試(shi)更方便。然(ran)而(er)，測試(shi)速(su)度加(jia)快(kuai)后對(dui)確定(ding)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)源的(de)熱(re)效應不利(li)。因此，可能(neng)需(xu)要(yao)額外的(de)長時(shi)間測試(shi)，以便與(yu)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)源和(he)調節電(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)熱(re)時(shi)間常數相吻合。

　　 建立電池模型負(fu)載

　　圖2電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)模(mo)擬的(de)是單節(jie)鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器CC階段的(de)終止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)由充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器設置(zhi)決定。仿真(zhen)器初始(shi)化時，可設置(zhi)完(wan)全(quan)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條件下內部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為3V，但該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)可以(yi)提升到4.3V，以(yi)測(ce)試過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情(qing)況。3V初始(shi)值通(tong)常用(yong)(yong)于低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)關斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(用(yong)(yong)來終止(zhi)鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程)。這(zhe)種設計(ji)專門針對終止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為4.2V的(de)標(biao)準CC-CV鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。該設計(ji)調(diao)整起來很容易，能夠(gou)適應(ying)非標(biao)準終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和完(wan)全(quan)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)測(ce)試。測(ce)試時充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器用(yong)(yong)高達(da)3A的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)驅動仿真(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，受功(gong)率晶(jing)體(ti)管(guan)功(gong)耗的(de)限(xian)制(zhi)。圖2電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)模(mo)擬了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)增加(jia)的(de)情(qing)況，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是從仿真(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)設置(zhi)為完(wan)全(quan)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態開始(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)函數。

　　根據圖中給出的參數(shu)值，充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流為(wei)1A時(shi)，積分(fen)時(shi)間常數(shu)使模擬電(dian)(dian)路在(zai)6至(zhi)7秒內達到充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的4.2V限制。對電(dian)(dian)流范圍(wei)、內阻、充電(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)壓和完(wan)(wan)全放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓的模擬是在(zai)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(本例中指Sony US18650G3)典型參數(shu)的基礎上完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)的。所仿(fang)真的電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓沒(mei)有考慮(lv)環(huan)境溫度的影響。

　　圖(tu)2 單節Li+電池(chi)充(chong)電情況(kuang)的仿真電路，該電路可以在不使用(yong)實際電池(chi)的情況(kuang)下測試(shi)Li+電池(chi)充(chong)電器

　　并聯穩(wen)(wen)壓器設計采用MAX8515并聯穩(wen)(wen)壓器和一對雙極型功率晶體管(選擇該穩(wen)(wen)壓器時(shi)考慮了其(qi)內部基準電壓的精度)，大電流TIP35晶體管安裝在能夠耗(hao)散25W熱(re)量的散熱(re)器上。

　　MAX4163雙運放的其中一個放大(da)(da)器(qi)用來對(dui)充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)積分，另一個放大(da)(da)器(qi)對(dui)電(dian)流(liu)測量(liang)信號進(jin)行放大(da)(da)和偏置。該運算(suan)放大(da)(da)器(qi)具(ju)有(you)較高的電(dian)源(yuan)抑(yi)制(zhi)比，并可支(zhi)持滿擺幅輸入/輸出范圍，簡化了(le)兩種(zhong)功能(neng)電(dian)路的設(she)計。注(zhu)意，與電(dian)池(chi)(chi)仿真器(qi)正端串(chuan)聯的0.100Ω電(dian)流(liu)檢測電(dian)阻同時也作為(wei)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻。

　　在具(ju)有自(zi)動(dong)測試-數據采集功能的系(xi)統內工作(zuo)時，可用(yong)外(wai)部(bu)信(xin)號將仿真(zhen)電(dian)池復(fu)位(wei)到完(wan)全放電(dian)狀態。另外(wai)，手動(dong)操(cao)作(zuo)測試設置時，可用(yong)按鍵復(fu)位(wei)。

　　利用(yong)單(dan)刀單(dan)擲(zhi)開關可以選擇仿(fang)真(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)兩種工(gong)作模(mo)式。擲(zhi)向A端時，實現積分充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)仿(fang)真(zhen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，如上所述。擲(zhi)向B端時，仿(fang)真(zhen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)將設定在(zai)某一固定的(de)(de)直流(liu)工(gong)作點(dian)對充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)現場測試時的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和吸(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。為實現這一功能，“設置(zhi)”電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可通(tong)過(guo)改變(bian)50kΩ可變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，在(zai)2.75V至5.75V之(zhi)間(jian)手動(dong)調整。這些設置(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值與內部(bu)吸(xi)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)有關。仿(fang)真(zhen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)端實測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(VBATT)等于設定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)加上吸(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)經仿(fang)真(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內阻(0.100Ω電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻)產生的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)降。仿(fang)真(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路工(gong)作時的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)取自(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出。

　　仿真電路的性能

　　圖(tu)3為模(mo)擬鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)4.2V時(shi)(shi)獲得的典型(xing)V-I波形。從圖(tu)中可(ke)以(yi)看出(chu)兩(liang)個(ge)測(ce)試過程(cheng)：一個(ge)是(shi)以(yi)1A初始(shi)快充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(曲(qu)(qu)線B和D)，另一個(ge)是(shi)以(yi)2A快充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(曲(qu)(qu)線A和C)。這兩(liang)種情(qing)況下，首先進入CC階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，直(zhi)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到(dao)終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)4.2V。在(zai)此之后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流呈指數衰減，而仿(fang)真電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)持(chi)不(bu)變。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流為2A時(shi)(shi)到(dao)達(da)終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)所需(xu)的時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)更短，與(yu)預期設計相同(tong)。然而，請注意，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流加倍不(bu)會使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)減半，只會使(shi)到(dao)達(da)CV模(mo)式(shi)的時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)減半，與(yu)真實(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池負載的測(ce)試情(qing)況一樣。

　　圖4為兩個不同(tong)設(she)置電(dian)壓：3V和(he)4.1V時(shi)的吸電(dian)流V-I曲(qu)線(xian)。兩個曲(qu)線(xian)的動態電(dian)阻(用斜率(lv)表示)僅(jin)僅(jin)是由0.100Ω電(dian)阻模擬的電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)阻。

　　圖3 根據圖2電池仿真電路繪制出的圖形，快速充電波形表明兩種條件下電池充電器的工作(zuo)情況，分別是：CC階(jie)段提供1A (曲線B和D)和2A (曲線A和C)充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)

　　圖4 圖2電(dian)路在電(dian)壓為4.1V (上部(bu)曲線)和3V (下(xia)部(bu)曲線)時(shi)的吸入電(dian)流，兩種情況(kuang)下(xia)斜(xie)率均代表0.1Ω內(nei)阻

　　由于鋰離子電池充電過程需要一小時或更長時間，利用實際負載測試鋰電池充電器將非常耗時，而且往往不切實際。為了加快電池充電器測試，本文介紹了一個簡單電路，用來模擬鋰離子電池。該電路提供了一個不使用實際電池對鋰電池充電器進行測試的有效手段。