鋰離子(Li+)電池比其它化學類型的電池更脆弱，對于違規操作具有非常小的容限。因此，鋰電池充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)路比較復雜，要求高精(jing)度電(dian)流、電(dian)壓(ya)設置。如果無(wu)法(fa)滿(man)足這些精(jing)度要求，充(chong)電(dian)器可能(neng)無(wu)法(fa)將電(dian)池完(wan)全充(chong)滿(man)，進而降低(di)電(dian)池壽命，或影響電(dian)池性能(neng)。

　　鑒于對Li+電池充電器的這些(xie)要求(qiu)，對(dui)充電(dian)器(qi)設計進(jin)行(xing)完全(quan)測(ce)(ce)試并在整(zheng)個(ge)工(gong)作(zuo)范圍內進(jin)行(xing)分段測(ce)(ce)試非常(chang)重要。然(ran)而(er)，采用常(chang)規(gui)負載(即Li+電(dian)池(chi)(chi))測(ce)(ce)試Li+電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)器(qi)將(jiang)非常(chang)耗時，而(er)且在實(shi)驗室和生產環境中也難(nan)于實(shi)現。為了(le)簡(jian)化測(ce)(ce)試過(guo)程，本文給出了(le)一個(ge)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)仿真電(dian)路，可加快測(ce)(ce)試速度，在不帶實(shi)際電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的情況下(xia)實(shi)現對(dui)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)器(qi)的測(ce)(ce)試。

　　CC-CV充電

　　鋰離子電(dian)池充電(dian)過程的第(di)一(yi)階段需要(yao)中等精度的恒(heng)流(CC)充電(dian)，然后(hou)在(zai)第(di)二(er)階段過渡到(dao)高精度恒(heng)壓(CV)充電(dian)。

　　圖(tu)1為用于鋰(li)離子(zi)電池(chi)充(chong)電器(qi)的CC-CV集成電路(MAX1737)的V-I特性曲線(xian)。這種類型的IC是消(xiao)費類產品中(zhong)(zhong)所有鋰(li)離子(zi)電池(chi)充(chong)電器(qi)的核心(xin)。圖(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)可清(qing)楚

　　看(kan)出CC (2.6V至(zhi)4.2V電(dian)池電(dian)壓)和(he)CV (4.2V)區域。

　　圖1. MAX1737的V-I曲線是Li+電池充電器的標準特性曲線

　　電池低于2.6V時，需要采用不同的充電技術。如果試圖對放電至2.6V以下的電池充電，充電器須(xu)提供一(yi)個較低的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(“調理電(dian)(dian)流”)，將電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)至2.6V。這是鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池過放電(dian)(dian)時(shi)所必須(xu)采取的安(an)全機制。VBATT< 2.6V時(shi)強行進(jin)行快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，會使電(dian)(dian)池進(jin)入不可恢復的短路狀態(tai)。

　　CC向CV階段(duan)(duan)的過渡點(dian)的臨界容差為± 40mV。之所(suo)以要求如(ru)此嚴格的容差，是因為如(ru)果CV過低，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池將(jiang)無法完全(quan)充(chong)滿(man);而CV過高(gao)，則會(hui)縮短電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用(yong)壽命。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程終(zhong)止意味(wei)著(zhu)檢測(ce)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池達到滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器必須斷開或(huo)關(guan)閉。在(zai)CV階段(duan)(duan)，當檢測(ce)到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流降至快充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流或(huo)最(zui)大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的一定比例(通(tong)常< 10%)時(shi)終(zhong)止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　Li+電(dian)池充電(dian)器參數(shu)測試

　　Li+電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器設(she)計通常包括兩個基本部分(fen)(fen)：數(shu)字部分(fen)(fen)(控(kong)制狀態機)和(he)模擬(ni)部分(fen)(fen)，模擬(ni)部分(fen)(fen)包括帶(dai)有高(gao)精度(du)(>1%)基準、可精確控(kong)制的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流/電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)源。對(dui)鋰離(li)子充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(不(bu)僅(jin)指IC)進(jin)行完(wan)全測試是一項非常棘手且耗費時間的工作，不(bu)僅(jin)僅(jin)限于(yu)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)進(jin)行檢驗。

　　測(ce)試時(shi)，應該在整(zheng)個工作范圍對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器進(jin)(jin)行分段(duan)檢測(ce)：包括CC階段(duan)、從CC到CV的切換、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)終止等。如上所(suo)述，測(ce)試的理(li)想情(qing)況是采(cai)用常(chang)(chang)規充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的負載：即Li+電(dian)(dian)池。然而，由于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程需要一小時(shi)甚(shen)至更長時(shi)間，使(shi)用鋰電(dian)(dian)池進(jin)(jin)行測(ce)試非常(chang)(chang)耗時(shi)。根據(ju)具體(ti)測(ce)試條件的不(bu)同(tong)：例如大(da)容量電(dian)(dian)池+慢(man)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，小容量電(dian)(dian)池+快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)以(yi)及其它(ta)可(ke)能組合，測(ce)試時(shi)間也不(bu)盡相同(tong)。

　　此外，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)無法在(zai)保證不損(sun)壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的前提下提高充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，因為充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最大(da)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)率(lv)(即快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu))的制約。對于消費(fei)類(lei)產品常用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，很少規(gui)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)于1C (在(zai)1小(xiao)時內將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)完全放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu))。因此，大(da)多數情況下完成整個充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期所需要(yao)的時間往(wang)往(wang)超過(guo)(guo)兩小(xiao)時。如果(guo)需要(yao)重復測試，則需要(yao)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)完全放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) ― 這一(yi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)僅僅比充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)稍微短一(yi)些。或者(zhe)，必須能夠隨時備有完全放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

　　另外可以使用(yong)一個模擬(ni)的(de)理(li)想負(fu)載(zai)替代(dai)真(zhen)實電(dian)池進行(xing)負(fu)載(zai)測試(shi)(shi)。仿真(zhen)時，應驗證電(dian)路的(de)直流響應和(he)動(dong)態穩定性。然(ran)而，使用(yong)功率測試(shi)(shi)所用(yong)的(de)標(biao)準負(fu)載(zai)進行(xing)電(dian)池仿真(zhen)非常困難(nan)。與大多數電(dian)源測試(shi)(shi)使用(yong)的(de)負(fu)載(zai)不(bu)同(tong)，電(dian)池不(bu)能簡單地(di)當作(zuo)電(dian)阻或固定地(di)吸入(ru)電(dian)流。如上所述，必須在整個工作(zuo)范圍內進行(xing)分段測試(shi)(shi)。以下介(jie)紹的(de)Li+充電(dian)器測試(shi)(shi)電(dian)路完全滿足這些(xie)要(yao)求。

　　選擇電(dian)池模型(xing)負載

　　我們先討論兩個必須考慮但最終放棄的建模方法。電池負載建模的方法之一是：使用一個具有源出(放電)和吸入(充電)電流能力的電壓源與代表電池內阻的電阻串聯。由于Li+電池要求精確控制終止電壓和充電電流，目前所有Li+充電器實(shi)際上是穩壓電源(yuan)轉(zhuan)換器(qi)。

　　此外，由于穩壓電源變換器(充電器)的穩定性取決于負載(電池)的動態特性，因此必須選擇一個與模型非常相似的負載。否則，測試只能驗證充電器本身的V-I特性。

　　如果只是(shi)進行一(yi)次性(xing)測(ce)試，可以使用(yong)并(bing)(bing)聯型穩壓(ya)(ya)器與電(dian)阻串(chuan)聯，這足以模(mo)擬(ni)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)內阻，并(bing)(bing)且(qie)，這一(yi)簡單的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)模(mo)型完(wan)全可以滿足測(ce)試要求。這種(zhong)方法的(de)(de)(de)優勢是(shi)由充(chong)電(dian)器本身(shen)供(gong)電(dian)。然而，更嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)試需要更精確的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)型。該模(mo)型采(cai)用(yong)內部電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)源，電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值是(shi)充(chong)電(dian)過程中供(gong)給電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)電(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)(de)函(han)數(shu)。

　　用(yong)恒流源對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓將(jiang)不斷變化(hua)，以一(yi)定的(de)正斜率上升。這是由(you)于(yu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和其它電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部化(hua)學變化(hua)過程中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正極(ji)(ji)周圍累積(ji)的(de)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)離子(zi)逐漸減少。因此，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)工(gong)作點(dian)取決于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)連接(jie)時(shi)間的(de)長(chang)短，以及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)工(gong)作歷史。用(yong)大多數(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)實驗室能夠找到的(de)通用(yong)器件構(gou)建負載(zai)，以模擬這一(yi)復雜負載(zai)的(de)模型很困難。

　　需(xu)要(yao)經常(chang)對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)進行測試(shi)(shi)，或必須詳細(xi)描述電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)特性時(shi)(shi)，準確模(mo)擬充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)非常(chang)有用。模(mo)擬過程(cheng)需(xu)要(yao)連續(xu)掃描充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)所(suo)有直(zhi)流(liu)工作點。模(mo)擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)還(huan)要(yao)顯示結(jie)果，使操作人員可(ke)以(yi)查找問題、故障和干擾。如果模(mo)擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)能夠提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓輸(shu)出和信(xin)號，這些結(jie)果可(ke)以(yi)直(zhi)接作為示波器信(xin)號。測試(shi)(shi)速度可(ke)以(yi)加快(kuai)(從(cong)幾小時(shi)(shi)到數十秒)，并可(ke)根據需(xu)要(yao)進行多次反復，比(bi)用真正的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)測試(shi)(shi)更方便。然而，測試(shi)(shi)速度加快(kuai)后(hou)對確定充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)熱(re)效(xiao)應(ying)不利。因(yin)此，可(ke)能需(xu)要(yao)額外(wai)的(de)長時(shi)(shi)間測試(shi)(shi)，以(yi)便與充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源和調節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)熱(re)時(shi)(shi)間常(chang)數相吻合。

　　 建立電池模型負(fu)載

　　圖2電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)模(mo)擬的(de)(de)是單節鋰離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)CC階段(duan)的(de)(de)終(zhong)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流由充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設置(zhi)決定。仿真器(qi)初始(shi)化時，可設置(zhi)完全放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)條件下(xia)內部電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)3V，但(dan)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓可以提升到4.3V，以測(ce)試過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)情(qing)況(kuang)。3V初始(shi)值通常用(yong)于(yu)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓關斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(用(yong)來終(zhong)止(zhi)鋰離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng))。這種設計(ji)專門針對終(zhong)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)4.2V的(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)CC-CV鋰離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。該設計(ji)調整起(qi)來很容易，能夠適應(ying)非標(biao)準(zhun)終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和完全放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)測(ce)試。測(ce)試時充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)用(yong)高達3A的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流驅動(dong)仿真電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，受功率晶(jing)體管功耗的(de)(de)限制。圖2電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)模(mo)擬了電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓增(zeng)加的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是從(cong)仿真電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)設置(zhi)為(wei)完全放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態開始(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)函數。

　　根據圖(tu)中給出的(de)(de)(de)參(can)(can)數值，充電電流(liu)為1A時(shi)，積分時(shi)間常數使模擬(ni)電路(lu)在6至(zhi)7秒內達到(dao)充電器的(de)(de)(de)4.2V限制。對電流(liu)范圍、內阻、充電終止電壓和(he)完全放電電壓的(de)(de)(de)模擬(ni)是在鋰離子電池(本例(li)中指Sony US18650G3)典型參(can)(can)數的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)完成的(de)(de)(de)。所仿真的(de)(de)(de)電池電壓沒有考(kao)慮環境(jing)溫度的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。

　　圖2 單節Li+電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)情況的仿真(zhen)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)，該電(dian)路(lu)(lu)可以(yi)在不(bu)使用實際電(dian)池(chi)的情況下測試(shi)Li+電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)器(qi)

　　并聯穩(wen)(wen)壓(ya)器設計采用MAX8515并聯穩(wen)(wen)壓(ya)器和一對雙極型(xing)功率晶(jing)體(ti)管(選擇該穩(wen)(wen)壓(ya)器時(shi)考慮(lv)了其內部基(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)精度)，大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)TIP35晶(jing)體(ti)管安裝在能夠耗(hao)散25W熱量的(de)散熱器上。

　　MAX4163雙運放的(de)其中一(yi)個放大器(qi)(qi)用來對充電電流積分，另一(yi)個放大器(qi)(qi)對電流測量信號進行放大和偏置(zhi)。該運算(suan)放大器(qi)(qi)具有較高的(de)電源抑制(zhi)比，并可支持滿擺幅(fu)輸(shu)入/輸(shu)出范圍，簡(jian)化了兩種功能(neng)電路的(de)設計。注意，與電池仿真器(qi)(qi)正端串聯的(de)0.100Ω電流檢測電阻同時也作為電池內阻。

　　在具有自(zi)動測試(shi)-數據(ju)采集功能的系統內工(gong)作時(shi)，可用外(wai)部信(xin)號將仿真電池復位(wei)(wei)到完全放(fang)電狀態。另外(wai)，手動操(cao)作測試(shi)設置時(shi)，可用按鍵復位(wei)(wei)。

　　利(li)用(yong)單刀(dao)單擲開(kai)關可以(yi)選(xuan)擇仿真(zhen)(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)兩種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)作模式。擲向A端(duan)時(shi)，實現積分(fen)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)仿真(zhen)(zhen)器(qi)，如(ru)上所述。擲向B端(duan)時(shi)，仿真(zhen)(zhen)器(qi)將(jiang)設(she)(she)定(ding)在(zai)某一固定(ding)的(de)直流工(gong)(gong)作點對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)進(jin)行(xing)現場(chang)測試時(shi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和吸(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。為實現這一功能，“設(she)(she)置”電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)可通過(guo)改(gai)變50kΩ可變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，在(zai)2.75V至5.75V之間手動調(diao)整。這些設(she)(she)置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值與內部(bu)吸(xi)(xi)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流有關。仿真(zhen)(zhen)器(qi)端(duan)實測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(VBATT)等于(yu)設(she)(she)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)加上吸(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流流經仿真(zhen)(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內阻(0.100Ω電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻)產生(sheng)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降。仿真(zhen)(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)作時(shi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源取(qu)自(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸出。

　　仿真電路的性能

　　圖(tu)3為模(mo)擬鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至4.2V時獲得的(de)典型(xing)V-I波形。從圖(tu)中(zhong)可以看出(chu)兩個測(ce)試過程：一個是以1A初始快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(曲線B和(he)D)，另一個是以2A快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(曲線A和(he)C)。這兩種(zhong)情況(kuang)下(xia)，首先進入CC階(jie)段(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)4.2V。在此之后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)呈指數衰減，而仿真電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保持不(bu)變(bian)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為2A時到達終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)所需的(de)時間(jian)更短，與(yu)預期(qi)設計(ji)相(xiang)同(tong)。然而，請注意，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)加倍不(bu)會使(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)減半，只會使(shi)到達CV模(mo)式的(de)時間(jian)減半，與(yu)真實電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池負載的(de)測(ce)試情況(kuang)一樣。

　　圖4為兩個不同設置電壓：3V和4.1V時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)吸電流V-I曲線。兩個曲線的(de)(de)(de)動態電阻(zu)(用斜率表示)僅(jin)僅(jin)是由0.100Ω電阻(zu)模(mo)擬的(de)(de)(de)電池內阻(zu)。

　　圖3 根據圖2電池仿真電路繪制出的圖形，快速充電波形表明兩種條件下電池充電器的工作情況，分別是(shi)：CC階段提供1A (曲線(xian)(xian)B和(he)D)和(he)2A (曲線(xian)(xian)A和(he)C)充電電流

　　圖(tu)4 圖(tu)2電路(lu)在電壓為4.1V (上部曲線)和3V (下部曲線)時的吸入(ru)電流，兩(liang)種情況下斜率均代表0.1Ω內(nei)阻

　　由于鋰離子電池充電過程需要一小時或更長時間，利用實際負載測試鋰電池充電器將非常耗時，而且往往不切實際。為了加快電池充電器測試，本文介紹了一個簡單電路，用來模擬鋰離子電池。該電路提供了一個不使用實際電池對鋰電池充電器進行測試的(de)有(you)效手(shou)段(duan)。