鉛酸蓄電池的“硫化”與去“硫化”

“硫化”是鉛酸蓄電池的致命殺(sha)手(shou)

中國(guo)是鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)產銷大國(guo)。鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi)已有(you)(you)200多年的(de)歷史，是一(yi)種應用廣泛(fan)的(de)動力電(dian)源。具(ju)有(you)(you)材料(liao)易得，價格低廉，放電(dian)量(liang)大，可靠性高等優點。目前市場占有(you)(you)率很高，且今后很長一(yi)段時(shi)間內不(bu)可完全替(ti)代。

鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的設計壽命在5年左右(you)，但在實(shi)際(ji)使用過程中，通常在6――12個月容量(liang)便逐漸下(xia)降，實(shi)際(ji)使用壽命只(zhi)有一(yi)年左右(you)。經(jing)過剖析大量(liang)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發現，失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)的狀況有以下(xia)幾種：硫化(hua)，失(shi)(shi)水，配組不平衡，軟化(hua)，短路，開路。其中“硫化(hua)”（硫酸鉛結晶）占失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的90%以上，它引起蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)下(xia)降，成為蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命終止的主(zhu)要原因。

鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)應的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)又還(huan)(huan)原成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)。而(er)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)容易結(jie)(jie)(jie)晶(jing)的(de)(de)物質。如果經常充(chong)電(dian)(dian)不足，不及時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、長(chang)期過(guo)(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)或者電(dian)(dian)池中電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)濃度過(guo)(guo)高、電(dian)(dian)池靜態閑(xian)置(zhi)時(shi)間過(guo)(guo)長(chang)時(shi)，會結(jie)(jie)(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)小晶(jing)體。這(zhe)些小晶(jing)體再吸附周圍的(de)(de)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)，就像滾雪球一(yi)樣形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大的(de)(de)惰(duo)性(xing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)晶(jing)。結(jie)(jie)(jie)晶(jing)后的(de)(de)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)不但不能再還(huan)(huan)原成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)，還(huan)(huan)會沉淀附著在電(dian)(dian)極板上，造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)極板工作面下降，這(zhe)一(yi)現(xian)象叫“硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)”，也就是(shi)常說的(de)(de)老化(hua)(hua)。

硫酸鉛(qian)晶體(ti)是一種絕緣體(ti)，它(ta)的(de)(de)形成必將對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)性能產生很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)負面影響(xiang)。在(zai)負極(ji)板上形成的(de)(de)硫酸鉛(qian)結晶越(yue)多，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)內(nei)阻越(yue)大(da)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)性能越(yue)差，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)使用壽命就越(yue)短。

另外，當硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛結晶(jing)大量堆積(ji)時，還會(hui)(hui)吸引(yin)鉛微粒形成(cheng)鉛枝，正(zheng)負極(ji)(ji)板(ban)間的(de)鉛枝搭橋就造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)短路。如果極(ji)(ji)板(ban)表面或(huo)(huo)密封塑(su)殼有縫隙，硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛結晶(jing)就會(hui)(hui)在這些縫隙內堆積(ji)，并產生膨脹(zhang)力(li)，最終使極(ji)(ji)板(ban)斷裂脫(tuo)落或(huo)(huo)外殼破裂，造(zao)成(cheng)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)不(bu)可修(xiu)復的(de)物理損(sun)壞。

綜上所述可以(yi)看出，導致鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池(chi)損壞(huai)的主要機理是蓄(xu)電池(chi)本身無法避免(mian)的“硫化(hua)”，可以(yi)說“硫化(hua)”是鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池(chi)的致命殺手。如能及時有(you)效地抑制電池(chi)極板的“硫化(hua)”現(xian)象，就可以(yi)大(da)大(da)延長電池(chi)的實際使用壽(shou)命。

復合脈沖充電器是去“硫化”的利器

鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極(ji)板(ban)不可逆轉的(de)(de)“硫(liu)化”這(zhe)一難題是(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)領域廣大(da)行業人員(yuan)不斷追求克服的(de)(de)課題。普通充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器沒有(you)去(qu)“硫(liu)化”的(de)(de)功效，而大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、負脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)去(qu)“硫(liu)化”效果不明顯，持續時間短(duan)，且還有(you)加重電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)失水和正(zheng)極(ji)板(ban)軟化，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)造(zao)成嚴重損傷等(deng)弊(bi)端。即(ji)使是(shi)新(xin)出現的(de)(de)所謂(wei)脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對(dui)比較嚴重的(de)(de)“硫(liu)化”也作用(yong)不大(da)。

根據最新理論，去(qu)“硫化”最好的(de)(de)(de)是采用(yong)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)脈(mo)沖(chong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。高頻率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)脈(mo)沖(chong)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)硫酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)晶體(ti)發生共(gong)振能有效打開(kai)(kai)硫酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)的(de)(de)(de)晶格，使(shi)硫酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)晶體(ti)硫離子(zi)和(he)鉛(qian)離子(zi)，改(gai)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質的(de)(de)(de)成分(fen)和(he)性質。打開(kai)(kai)離子(zi)通道，充分(fen)釋放并激活(huo)原活(huo)性物(wu)質，使(shi)其具有更強的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)能力，降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內阻，徹底消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)“硫化”。復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)脈(mo)沖(chong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)去(qu)“硫化”效率(lv)(lv)高，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)損傷小，極大地延(yan)長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)壽命，是前景廣闊的(de)(de)(de)先進技(ji)術。

“三合一”復合脈沖充電器的使用

1.       將“三合一”復合脈(mo)沖充電(dian)器(qi)配置在新車上(shang)作(zuo)充電(dian)器(qi)使用。

鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的去“硫化”應(ying)及(ji)早(zao)進(jin)行，也就是說在新電(dian)(dian)池(chi)或電(dian)(dian)池(chi)較新時(shi)就進(jin)行維護和修復，能最大(da)限度(du)(du)(du)地降(jiang)低“硫化”對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的損傷，最大(da)限度(du)(du)(du)地充分(fen)利用電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的全(quan)部資源，使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)性(xing)能下(xia)降(jiang)速度(du)(du)(du)變慢很多，最大(da)限度(du)(du)(du)的延長電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽命。當新車使用六個(ge)月(yue)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板上已(yi)產生(sheng)不(bu)同程度(du)(du)(du)的硫化，這時(shi)可(ke)撥轉“三(san)合一”充電(dian)(dian)器的修復功能鍵(jian)。進(jin)行一次維護充電(dian)(dian)（只需(xu)10――12小時(shi)）即可(ke)徹底(di)清除(chu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板上的硫酸(suan)鉛結晶，使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)恢復最大(da)容量。以后每月(yue)維護充電(dian)(dian)一次，可(ke)讓蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板始(shi)終保持潔凈(jing)狀態，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)常年如新。

2.使用一年左右的蓄電池，一般情況下，硫化比較嚴重，容量下降、續行里程縮短，用“三合一”復合脈沖充電器連續維(wei)護(hu)充電(dian)兩次，可完全清除電(dian)池極板上已經產生的“硫化”結(jie)晶體，使蓄(xu)電(dian)池重獲新生，性能達到新電(dian)池水(shui)平。以(yi)后每(mei)月維(wei)護(hu)充電(dian)一(yi)次，及時去(qu)除“硫化”，能成倍(bei)延長電(dian)池使用壽命。

3.基本報廢的蓄電(dian)(dian)池，只要(yao)不斷格(ge)、不脫(tuo)板，嚴重失水的適當補(bu)水以后，用(yong)“三(san)合一”復(fu)合脈沖充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)連續維(wei)護(hu)充電(dian)(dian)兩次，都(dou)能恢復(fu)80――90%的容量，使(shi)報廢電(dian)(dian)池重新獲(huo)得使(shi)用(yong)價值(zhi)，以后只要(yao)定期(qi)維(wei)護(hu)，修復(fu)以后的電(dian)(dian)池可長期(qi)使(shi)用(yong)。

高頻(pin)、高壓(ya)、復(fu)(fu)合(he)脈沖(chong)技術(shu)是當代電(dian)(dian)(dian)子學理(li)(li)論的(de)(de)(de)最新突破。采用(yong)(yong)高頻(pin)、高壓(ya)、復(fu)(fu)合(he)脈沖(chong)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)復(fu)(fu)合(he)脈沖(chong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器是去“硫化(hua)”的(de)(de)(de)利器。復(fu)(fu)合(he)脈沖(chong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)制(zhi)成(cheng)功及(ji)推(tui)廣應用(yong)(yong)，必(bi)將極大地提升鉛酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)及(ji)使用(yong)(yong)價值，給鉛酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)帶來革命性變化(hua)。目(mu)前鉛酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)年需求量以數億計，廣泛(fan)使用(yong)(yong)復(fu)(fu)合(he)脈沖(chong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器后，以平均延遲(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命一年計算，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)生產企業將節(jie)省多(duo)(duo)少(shao)回收(shou)處理(li)(li)廢(fei)舊(jiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)，給廣大電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)消費(fei)者節(jie)省多(duo)(duo)少(shao)使用(yong)(yong)成(cheng)本(ben)，減(jian)少(shao)了多(duo)(duo)少(shao)廢(fei)舊(jiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)棄物對(dui)環境的(de)(de)(de)污(wu)染。無疑(yi)其經濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)和社(she)會(hui)效(xiao)益(yi)是十分巨大的(de)(de)(de)。

復合脈沖充電器填(tian)補了(le)國內(nei)空白，圓了(le)業內(nei)幾(ji)代人的(de)夢(meng)，確實(shi)是利國利民的(de)好產品。