鉛酸蓄電池(chi)的“硫化”與(yu)去“硫化”

“硫化”是(shi)鉛酸蓄電池的(de)致命殺(sha)手

中國(guo)是鉛酸蓄電(dian)池的產銷大國(guo)。鉛酸蓄電(dian)池已(yi)有(you)(you)200多年(nian)的歷史，是一種(zhong)應用廣(guang)泛(fan)的動(dong)力電(dian)源。具(ju)有(you)(you)材料易得，價(jia)格低廉，放(fang)電(dian)量大，可(ke)靠性(xing)高(gao)等優點(dian)。目(mu)前市場占有(you)(you)率很高(gao)，且今后(hou)很長一段時間內不可(ke)完全替代。

鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)設計(ji)壽(shou)命(ming)在5年(nian)左(zuo)(zuo)右，但(dan)在實際使用過程中(zhong)，通常(chang)在6――12個月容量便逐漸下降(jiang)，實際使用壽(shou)命(ming)只(zhi)有(you)(you)一年(nian)左(zuo)(zuo)右。經過剖析大量失(shi)(shi)(shi)效電(dian)池(chi)發現，失(shi)(shi)(shi)效的(de)狀況有(you)(you)以(yi)下幾種(zhong)：硫(liu)(liu)化，失(shi)(shi)(shi)水，配組不(bu)平衡(heng)，軟化，短路，開路。其中(zhong)“硫(liu)(liu)化”（硫(liu)(liu)酸鉛結晶）占失(shi)(shi)(shi)效電(dian)池(chi)的(de)90%以(yi)上，它(ta)引起蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)容量下降(jiang)，成為蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)終止(zhi)的(de)主要原因。

鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程是電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學反應的(de)(de)過(guo)程，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)形成氧化(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)氧化(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)又還(huan)原成硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。而(er)硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是一(yi)(yi)種容易結(jie)晶的(de)(de)物質。如(ru)果經(jing)常(chang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)足，不(bu)(bu)及時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、長期過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或者電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液硫(liu)酸(suan)濃度過(guo)高(gao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)靜態閑置時(shi)間過(guo)長時(shi)，會結(jie)成小晶體(ti)。這(zhe)些小晶體(ti)再(zai)吸附周圍的(de)(de)硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，就(jiu)像滾(gun)雪球一(yi)(yi)樣形成大的(de)(de)惰(duo)性結(jie)晶。結(jie)晶后的(de)(de)硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)不(bu)(bu)但不(bu)(bu)能再(zai)還(huan)原成氧化(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，還(huan)會沉淀附著(zhu)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)極板(ban)上，造(zao)成極板(ban)工作面下(xia)降(jiang)，這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)現象叫“硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)”，也(ye)就(jiu)是常(chang)說的(de)(de)老化(hua)(hua)。

硫(liu)酸鉛(qian)晶(jing)體是一(yi)種絕(jue)緣體，它的(de)形(xing)成(cheng)必將對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)性(xing)能產生很大(da)的(de)負面影(ying)響(xiang)。在(zai)負極板上形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)硫(liu)酸鉛(qian)結(jie)晶(jing)越多，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)內阻越大(da)，電(dian)(dian)池充放電(dian)(dian)的(de)性(xing)能越差(cha)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)使用壽(shou)命就越短。

另外(wai)，當硫(liu)(liu)酸鉛(qian)結晶大量堆積時，還(huan)會(hui)吸引(yin)鉛(qian)微粒形成(cheng)鉛(qian)枝，正負極(ji)板間的(de)(de)鉛(qian)枝搭橋就造(zao)成(cheng)電池(chi)的(de)(de)短路。如(ru)果極(ji)板表面(mian)或(huo)密封塑殼有縫隙，硫(liu)(liu)酸鉛(qian)結晶就會(hui)在這些縫隙內堆積，并產生膨脹力，最終使極(ji)板斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)脫落或(huo)外(wai)殼破(po)裂(lie)(lie)，造(zao)成(cheng)蓄電池(chi)不可(ke)修(xiu)復的(de)(de)物理損壞。

綜上所述可(ke)以看出，導(dao)致(zhi)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)損壞(huai)的(de)主要機理是蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)本(ben)身無法避(bi)免的(de)“硫化”，可(ke)以說“硫化”是鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)致(zhi)命殺(sha)手(shou)。如能及時有效地抑(yi)制電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)板的(de)“硫化”現象，就可(ke)以大大延長電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)實際使(shi)用(yong)壽命。

復合脈沖充電器是去“硫化”的利器

鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池極板不(bu)可逆轉的“硫(liu)化”這一難題(ti)是(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池領域廣大(da)(da)行業人員不(bu)斷追求克服的課題(ti)。普(pu)通(tong)充(chong)電(dian)器沒(mei)有去“硫(liu)化”的功(gong)效，而大(da)(da)電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)、負脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)去“硫(liu)化”效果不(bu)明顯，持續時間(jian)短，且(qie)還有加重電(dian)池失水和正極板軟化，對(dui)電(dian)池造成嚴重損(sun)傷等弊(bi)端(duan)。即使是(shi)新出(chu)現的所(suo)謂脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)，對(dui)比較嚴重的“硫(liu)化”也作用不(bu)大(da)(da)。

根據最(zui)新理論，去“硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化”最(zui)好的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)采用(yong)復合(he)脈沖充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。高(gao)頻率的(de)(de)復合(he)脈沖與電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中的(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛晶體發生共振能有(you)(you)效打開(kai)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛的(de)(de)晶格，使硫(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛晶體硫(liu)(liu)(liu)離(li)(li)子和鉛離(li)(li)子，改(gai)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質的(de)(de)成分和性質。打開(kai)離(li)(li)子通道，充(chong)分釋(shi)放并激(ji)活原活性物質，使其具有(you)(you)更強(qiang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學能力，降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內阻，徹底消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)“硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化”。復合(he)脈沖充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)去“硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化”效率高(gao)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)損傷小，極大地(di)延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用(yong)壽(shou)命，是(shi)(shi)前景廣闊的(de)(de)先(xian)進(jin)技術。

“三合一”復合脈沖充電器的使用

1.       將“三合一”復合脈沖充電器(qi)配置在新(xin)車(che)上(shang)作(zuo)充電器(qi)使用。

鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)去(qu)“硫(liu)化(hua)”應及(ji)早進行(xing)，也就(jiu)是說(shuo)在新(xin)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)較新(xin)時就(jiu)進行(xing)維(wei)護和修復，能最(zui)大(da)(da)限(xian)度(du)(du)(du)地降低“硫(liu)化(hua)”對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)損傷，最(zui)大(da)(da)限(xian)度(du)(du)(du)地充分利用電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)全部(bu)資源(yuan)，使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)性能下降速(su)度(du)(du)(du)變慢很多，最(zui)大(da)(da)限(xian)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用壽命。當(dang)新(xin)車使用六個月(yue)時，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板上(shang)已產生(sheng)不同程度(du)(du)(du)的(de)硫(liu)化(hua)，這時可撥轉“三合一(yi)”充電(dian)(dian)器的(de)修復功(gong)能鍵(jian)。進行(xing)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)維(wei)護充電(dian)(dian)（只需10――12小時）即可徹底清除(chu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板上(shang)的(de)硫(liu)酸鉛結晶，使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)恢復最(zui)大(da)(da)容(rong)量。以后每月(yue)維(wei)護充電(dian)(dian)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)，可讓蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板始終(zhong)保持潔凈狀態(tai)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)常年如新(xin)。

2.使用一年左右的蓄電池，一般情況下，硫化比較嚴重，容量下降、續行里程縮短，用“三合一”復合脈沖充電器連續維護充電(dian)兩次(ci)，可完全清除電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)板上已經產生的(de)“硫化”結晶(jing)體，使(shi)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)重獲(huo)新生，性能達到新電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)水平。以后每月(yue)維護充電(dian)一次(ci)，及(ji)時去(qu)除“硫化”，能成倍(bei)延長電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)用壽命(ming)。

3.基本報廢的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池，只要不斷格、不脫板(ban)，嚴重失水(shui)的(de)適當(dang)補(bu)水(shui)以后(hou)，用(yong)“三合一(yi)”復(fu)合脈沖充電(dian)(dian)器連續維護充電(dian)(dian)兩次，都(dou)能(neng)恢復(fu)80――90%的(de)容量(liang)，使(shi)報廢電(dian)(dian)池重新獲得使(shi)用(yong)價值，以后(hou)只要定期維護，修復(fu)以后(hou)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池可長期使(shi)用(yong)。

高頻(pin)、高壓、復(fu)(fu)合(he)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)技術是當代(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子學理論的(de)(de)最新突破(po)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)高頻(pin)、高壓、復(fu)(fu)合(he)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)技術的(de)(de)復(fu)(fu)合(he)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器是去“硫化”的(de)(de)利(li)器。復(fu)(fu)合(he)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)研制成功及(ji)推廣應用(yong)(yong)(yong)，必將(jiang)極大(da)地提升鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)性(xing)能及(ji)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)價值，給(gei)鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池帶來革命性(xing)變化。目前鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)年需求(qiu)量以數億計(ji)，廣泛使用(yong)(yong)(yong)復(fu)(fu)合(he)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器后，以平均延遲電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命一年計(ji)算，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池生產(chan)企業將(jiang)節省多少回收處理廢舊電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)成本，給(gei)廣大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池消費者節省多少使用(yong)(yong)(yong)成本，減少了(le)多少廢舊電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)廢棄(qi)物對環境的(de)(de)污染(ran)。無(wu)疑(yi)其經濟效(xiao)益(yi)和社會效(xiao)益(yi)是十分巨大(da)的(de)(de)。

復合脈沖充電器填補了國內空白，圓(yuan)了業(ye)內幾代人的夢，確實是利國利民(min)的好(hao)產(chan)品。