鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)的“硫化”與(yu)去(qu)“硫化”

“硫化(hua)”是鉛酸蓄電池的致命殺手

中國(guo)是鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)的產銷大(da)國(guo)。鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)已(yi)有200多(duo)年的歷史，是一種應用廣(guang)泛的動(dong)力電(dian)源(yuan)。具有材(cai)料易得(de)，價格低廉，放電(dian)量大(da)，可靠性高等優點。目(mu)前(qian)市(shi)場占有率(lv)很(hen)高，且今后(hou)很(hen)長一段時間內不可完全替代(dai)。

鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)的設計壽命在5年(nian)(nian)左(zuo)右，但在實(shi)際使用過(guo)(guo)程中，通常在6――12個月容(rong)量便逐漸下(xia)(xia)降，實(shi)際使用壽命只(zhi)有一(yi)年(nian)(nian)左(zuo)右。經過(guo)(guo)剖析大(da)量失(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)電池(chi)發現，失(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的狀況有以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)幾種：硫化，失(shi)水，配組(zu)不平衡(heng)，軟(ruan)化，短路(lu)，開路(lu)。其(qi)中“硫化”（硫酸(suan)鉛(qian)結晶(jing)）占(zhan)失(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)電池(chi)的90%以(yi)(yi)上，它引起蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)容(rong)量下(xia)(xia)降，成(cheng)為蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)壽命終止(zhi)的主要原因。

鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi)充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)是電(dian)化(hua)學反應的過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，充電(dian)時(shi)(shi)硫酸(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)氧(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)又還原成(cheng)(cheng)硫酸(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。而(er)硫酸(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是一種容(rong)易結(jie)晶(jing)的物質。如果(guo)經(jing)常(chang)充電(dian)不足，不及(ji)時(shi)(shi)充電(dian)、長(chang)期過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)或(huo)者電(dian)池(chi)中電(dian)解液(ye)硫酸(suan)濃度過(guo)(guo)高、電(dian)池(chi)靜態(tai)閑置時(shi)(shi)間過(guo)(guo)長(chang)時(shi)(shi)，會(hui)結(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)小(xiao)晶(jing)體。這(zhe)些小(xiao)晶(jing)體再(zai)吸附周圍的硫酸(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，就(jiu)像滾(gun)雪球一樣形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)大的惰性結(jie)晶(jing)。結(jie)晶(jing)后的硫酸(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)充電(dian)時(shi)(shi)不但不能再(zai)還原成(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，還會(hui)沉淀附著在電(dian)極板上(shang)，造成(cheng)(cheng)極板工作(zuo)面下降，這(zhe)一現象叫“硫化(hua)”，也(ye)就(jiu)是常(chang)說(shuo)的老化(hua)。

硫酸鉛晶體是一種絕緣體，它的形成必將對蓄電(dian)池(chi)的充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)性(xing)能產生很(hen)大的負(fu)面(mian)影響。在負(fu)極(ji)板上(shang)形成的硫酸鉛結晶越多，蓄電(dian)池(chi)的內阻(zu)越大，電(dian)池(chi)充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)的性(xing)能越差，蓄電(dian)池(chi)的使用壽命就越短。

另外，當硫(liu)酸鉛(qian)結(jie)晶(jing)大量堆積時(shi)，還會(hui)吸引鉛(qian)微粒(li)形成鉛(qian)枝，正負極板間的鉛(qian)枝搭橋就(jiu)造成電池的短路。如果(guo)極板表面(mian)或(huo)密封(feng)塑殼有縫(feng)隙(xi)，硫(liu)酸鉛(qian)結(jie)晶(jing)就(jiu)會(hui)在這些縫(feng)隙(xi)內(nei)堆積，并產生膨(peng)脹力，最(zui)終使極板斷(duan)裂脫落或(huo)外殼破(po)裂，造成蓄電池不可修(xiu)復的物理損壞。

綜上所述可以看(kan)出，導致鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)損壞(huai)的主(zhu)要機理是蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)本(ben)身(shen)無(wu)法避免的“硫化”，可以說(shuo)“硫化”是鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的致命(ming)殺手。如能及時有效地抑制(zhi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板的“硫化”現(xian)象，就可以大大延長電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的實際使用壽命(ming)。

復合脈沖充電器是去“硫化”的利器

鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)極(ji)板不(bu)可逆(ni)轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)“硫(liu)化(hua)”這一難(nan)題是蓄電(dian)池(chi)領域廣大(da)行業人員不(bu)斷追求克(ke)服(fu)的(de)(de)課題。普通(tong)充(chong)電(dian)器沒有(you)去“硫(liu)化(hua)”的(de)(de)功效(xiao)，而大(da)電(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)、負脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)去“硫(liu)化(hua)”效(xiao)果不(bu)明顯，持續時間短(duan)，且(qie)還有(you)加重(zhong)電(dian)池(chi)失(shi)水(shui)和正極(ji)板軟化(hua)，對電(dian)池(chi)造成嚴重(zhong)損傷等弊端。即使是新出現的(de)(de)所(suo)謂(wei)脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)，對比較嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)“硫(liu)化(hua)”也作用不(bu)大(da)。

根據最新理論，去“硫(liu)(liu)化”最好的(de)(de)是采用復合(he)(he)脈沖(chong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。高(gao)(gao)頻率的(de)(de)復合(he)(he)脈沖(chong)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)池中的(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛晶體發生(sheng)共(gong)振能有(you)效(xiao)打(da)開(kai)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛的(de)(de)晶格，使(shi)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛晶體硫(liu)(liu)離(li)子(zi)和(he)鉛離(li)子(zi)，改變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質的(de)(de)成分和(he)性(xing)質。打(da)開(kai)離(li)子(zi)通道，充分釋(shi)放并激活原活性(xing)物質，使(shi)其(qi)具有(you)更強的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學能力，降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內阻，徹底消除電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)“硫(liu)(liu)化”。復合(he)(he)脈沖(chong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)去“硫(liu)(liu)化”效(xiao)率高(gao)(gao)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池損傷小，極(ji)大地延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用壽命，是前景廣闊的(de)(de)先進技術。

“三合一”復合脈沖充電器的使用

1.       將“三合一(yi)”復合脈沖充(chong)電器(qi)配置在(zai)新車上作充(chong)電器(qi)使(shi)用。

鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的去“硫(liu)(liu)化”應及(ji)早進行，也就(jiu)是說在新(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)較新(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)進行維護(hu)和修復(fu)，能最(zui)大(da)限(xian)度地降低“硫(liu)(liu)化”對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的損傷，最(zui)大(da)限(xian)度地充(chong)分利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的全部資源(yuan)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)性能下降速度變慢很多，最(zui)大(da)限(xian)度的延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用(yong)壽命。當(dang)新(xin)(xin)車使用(yong)六個月時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極板上(shang)已產生不同程度的硫(liu)(liu)化，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)撥(bo)轉“三(san)合一(yi)”充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的修復(fu)功能鍵。進行一(yi)次維護(hu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（只需10――12小時(shi)(shi)(shi)）即可(ke)(ke)徹底(di)清(qing)除蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極板上(shang)的硫(liu)(liu)酸鉛(qian)結(jie)晶(jing)，使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)恢復(fu)最(zui)大(da)容(rong)量。以后每月維護(hu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)次，可(ke)(ke)讓蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極板始終(zhong)保持潔凈狀態，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)常年如(ru)新(xin)(xin)。

2.使用一年左右的蓄電池，一般情況下，硫化比較嚴重，容量下降、續行里程縮短，用“三合一”復合脈沖充電器連(lian)續(xu)維(wei)護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)兩次，可(ke)完全清除電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板上已(yi)經產(chan)生的“硫化”結晶(jing)體(ti)，使蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)重獲新(xin)生，性能達到(dao)新(xin)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)水平(ping)。以(yi)后每月(yue)維(wei)護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)一次，及時去除“硫化”，能成倍延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用壽命。

3.基本報廢的蓄電池，只要不(bu)斷格、不(bu)脫板，嚴重失水的適當補水以(yi)后，用(yong)“三合(he)一”復(fu)合(he)脈(mo)沖充(chong)電器(qi)連續維護(hu)充(chong)電兩次，都(dou)能恢復(fu)80――90%的容(rong)量(liang)，使(shi)報廢電池重新(xin)獲得使(shi)用(yong)價值，以(yi)后只要定期(qi)維護(hu)，修復(fu)以(yi)后的電池可長期(qi)使(shi)用(yong)。

高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)、高(gao)壓(ya)、復(fu)合脈(mo)沖(chong)技術是(shi)當代(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子學理(li)論的(de)(de)最(zui)新(xin)突(tu)破(po)。采用高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)、高(gao)壓(ya)、復(fu)合脈(mo)沖(chong)技術的(de)(de)復(fu)合脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)去“硫化”的(de)(de)利(li)器(qi)(qi)。復(fu)合脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)研制成(cheng)功及(ji)推(tui)廣(guang)應(ying)用，必將(jiang)極大地(di)提(ti)升鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)性能(neng)及(ji)使用價值，給鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)帶來(lai)革命(ming)性變化。目前鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)年(nian)需求量以(yi)數億計(ji)(ji)，廣(guang)泛使用復(fu)合脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)后，以(yi)平均延遲電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)使用壽命(ming)一年(nian)計(ji)(ji)算，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)生產(chan)企業將(jiang)節省多(duo)少(shao)回(hui)收處理(li)廢(fei)舊電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)成(cheng)本，給廣(guang)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)消費者節省多(duo)少(shao)使用成(cheng)本，減少(shao)了多(duo)少(shao)廢(fei)舊電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)廢(fei)棄物對環(huan)境的(de)(de)污染(ran)。無疑其經濟效(xiao)益和社會效(xiao)益是(shi)十分巨大的(de)(de)。

復合脈沖充電器填(tian)補了國內空白，圓(yuan)了業內幾代人(ren)的夢(meng)，確實是利國利民的好(hao)產品。