便攜式電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)范圍很廣，也(ye)很多(duo)(duo)樣化。產品(pin)包括(kuo)消(xiao)耗(hao)uW級平均(jun)功率的(de)(de)(de)無線(xian)傳感器節點以(yi)(yi)及(ji)可(ke)用(yong)小車推(tui)著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)、電(dian)池組耗(hao)電(dian)數(shu)百瓦(wa)-時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)醫療或數(shu)據采集(ji)系統(tong)。不過，盡管應用(yong)種類(lei)很多(duo)(duo)，仍然出現(xian)了幾個趨勢，設(she)計師(shi)日益(yi)需要(yao)給產品(pin)提(ti)供更(geng)大的(de)(de)(de)功率，以(yi)(yi)支持不斷(duan)增多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)功能，同時(shi)也(ye)在考慮怎樣用(yong)任何(he)可(ke)用(yong)電(dian)源給電(dian)池充電(dian)。要(yao)滿足第一種需求(qiu)，就(jiu)要(yao)提(ti)高電(dian)池容(rong)(rong)量。不幸的(de)(de)(de)是，用(yong)戶大多(duo)(duo)比較(jiao)心急，容(rong)(rong)量提(ti)高以(yi)(yi)后，還(huan)必須(xu)在一個合理的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間內充滿電(dian)，這就(jiu)導(dao)致要(yao)增大充電(dian)電(dian)流。要(yao)滿足第二種需求(qiu)，就(jiu)要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)池充電(dian)解決方案提(ti)供極(ji)大的(de)(de)(de)靈活性。本(ben)文將更(geng)詳細地討論這些問題。

　　更大的功率

　　考慮一(yi)(yi)下新(xin)式(shi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)持(chi)式(shi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備，面向消費(fei)者的(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備和工業(ye)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備都(dou)(dou)可能(neng)(neng)包括蜂窩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話調(diao)制解調(diao)器、Wi-Fi模塊、藍牙模塊、大(da)(da)尺(chi)寸(cun)背光照明顯示屏(ping)…等等。很(hen)多手(shou)(shou)(shou)持(chi)式(shi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源架構都(dou)(dou)與蜂窩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話的(de)非(fei)常相似。一(yi)(yi)般情況下，用一(yi)(yi)個(ge)3.7V的(de)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作(zuo)為主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，因為鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)按重量(liang)和按體積的(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)密度(du)都(dou)(dou)很(hen)高(單(dan)位(wei)分別為Wh/kg和Wh/m3)。過去，很(hen)多大(da)(da)功率設(she)(she)(she)(she)備都(dou)(dou)采用7.4V鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，以降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流要求，不過低(di)價5V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源管理IC的(de)上市已經促使越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)手(shou)(shou)(shou)持(chi)式(shi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備采用了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓更低(di)的(de)架構。平板電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦很(hen)好地說明了這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)點：一(yi)(yi)個(ge)典型的(de)平板電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦有極多的(de)功能(neng)(neng)以及非(fei)常大(da)(da)的(de)顯示屏(ping)(就便攜式(shi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備而言)。用3.7V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，其容量(liang)必須以數(shu)千(qian)毫安(an)-小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)計算。為了在幾(ji)個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)內給這(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，需(xu)要數(shu)千(qian)mA的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。

　　然而(er)，如果沒有(you)大(da)(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流交(jiao)流適配(pei)(pei)器(qi)，盡管充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流這(zhe)么高，也不(bu)能防(fang)止消費(fei)者(zhe)用USB端(duan)口給大(da)(da)(da)功率設備(bei)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的想法(fa)。為(wei)了(le)滿足這(zhe)種需求(qiu)，當交(jiao)流適配(pei)(pei)器(qi)可用時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)必(bi)須能以大(da)(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(>2A)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)在沒有(you)交(jiao)流適配(pei)(pei)器(qi)可用時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)必(bi)須仍(reng)能高效地(di)利用USB端(duan)口提供2.5W至4.5W功率。此外，器(qi)件(jian)(jian)必(bi)須保護(hu)敏感(gan)的下(xia)游低(di)壓組件(jian)(jian)免受(shou)可能出現過(guo)壓情況所導(dao)致的損壞，同時(shi)必(bi)須無(wu)縫地(di)將(jiang)大(da)(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流從USB輸入、交(jiao)流適配(pei)(pei)器(qi)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池傳送到負載，并最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)限(xian)度地(di)降低(di)功耗。另外，該IC還必(bi)須安全地(di)管理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)算法(fa)，并監(jian)視關鍵的系統參(can)數(shu)。

　　戰勝(sheng)單節電(dian)池供電(dian)的便(bian)攜式產(chan)品在功率方面的挑戰

　　盡管(guan)(guan)看似不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)找到能(neng)滿足上述要求的(de)單個IC，不(bu)過(guo)看一(yi)下(xia)LTC4155，這(zhe)是一(yi)個大功率、I2C控制的(de)高(gao)效(xiao)率電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)(PowerPath?)管(guan)(guan)理器(qi)、理想二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)控制器(qi)和鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。該(gai)IC用來從各(ge)種(zhong)5V電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)高(gao)效(xiao)地傳(chuan)送高(gao)達(da)3A的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，可(ke)產生超過(guo)3.5A的(de)可(ke)用電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，以供電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)和系(xi)統使用(參(can)見(jian)圖1)。LTC4155的(de)效(xiao)率為88%至(zhi)94%，因此即(ji)使電(dian)(dian)流(liu)值這(zhe)么(me)大，該(gai)IC仍(reng)然可(ke)以減(jian)輕熱量預算(suan)限(xian)制(參(can)見(jian)圖2)。LTC4155的(de)開關(guan)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)拓撲無(wu)縫地管(guan)(guan)理從兩種(zhong)輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(例如一(yi)個交流(liu)適配(pei)器(qi)和一(yi)個USB端口(kou))到設備中(zhong)可(ke)再充電(dian)(dian)鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)，同時當(dang)輸(shu)入(ru)功率有限(xian)時，優先(xian)為系(xi)統負載供電(dian)(dian)。

圖1：LTC4155的典型應(ying)用電(dian)路

圖2：LTC4155的典型效率

　　與(yu)典型的(de)線性模(mo)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)相比，LTC4155中開關(guan)(guan)穩壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)就像一(yi)個變壓(ya)器(qi)，允(yun)許(xu)VOUT上的(de)負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流超(chao)過輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源吸取(qu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，并(bing)極大地提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)可(ke)用(yong)功率(lv)。前述例子說明了LTC4155怎樣(yang)才能以高達3.5A的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流高效率(lv)地充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，以實現(xian)更(geng)快的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。與(yu)普通的(de)開關(guan)(guan)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)不同，LTC4155可(ke)即時(shi)接(jie)通工作(zuo)，以確保即使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)沒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或已深度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當一(yi)插(cha)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源插(cha)頭，系統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源也立即可(ke)用(yong)。

　　盡管是以很(hen)高的(de)速率(lv)給電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)，監(jian)(jian)視(shi)電(dian)池(chi)是否安全也是很(hen)重要的(de)。當電(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)降至(zhi)低于0°C或(huo)升至(zhi)高于40°C[由一個(ge)(ge)外(wai)部(bu)負溫度(du)系數(NTC)熱敏電(dian)阻測量]時，LTC4155將自動停止充(chong)電(dian)。除了這種自主式(shi)功能，LTC4155還提(ti)供(gong)一個(ge)(ge)7位擴展標度(du)模數轉換器(qi)(ADC)，以大約1°C的(de)分辨率(lv)監(jian)(jian)視(shi)電(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)(參見圖3)。結合(he)4個(ge)(ge)可(ke)用的(de)浮置電(dian)壓設定(ding)值和15個(ge)(ge)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)設定(ding)值，該ADC可(ke)基(ji)于電(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)來建立定(ding)制(zhi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)算法。

圖3：7位熱敏電阻(zu)器ADC顯(xian)示LTC4155的預置溫度跳變點(dian)

　　通過一個簡單的兩線I2C端口可獲得NTCADC的結果，從而能調節充電電流和電壓的設定值。該I2C端口通過控制16個輸入電流的設定值(包括USB2.0和3.0兼容設置)，還可提供USB兼容性。該通信總線允許LTC4155指示額外的狀態信息，例如輸入電源狀態、充電器狀態和故(gu)障(zhang)狀態。由于支持(chi)USBOTG，因此無需任何額(e)外的組件，就可(ke)以反過來(lai)向USB端口提供5V電(dian)源。

　　LTC4155的(de)雙路(lu)(lu)輸(shu)入(ru)、優(you)先(xian)級多(duo)路(lu)(lu)復用器可(ke)根據(ju)用戶定(ding)義的(de)優(you)先(xian)級(默認(ren)的(de)優(you)先(xian)級為適配(pei)器輸(shu)入(ru))自(zi)主地選擇最(zui)合適的(de)輸(shu)入(ru)(即墻上適配(pei)器或USB)。過(guo)壓(ya)保護(OVP)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)同時(shi)保護兩個輸(shu)入(ru)，以免這(zhe)些輸(shu)入(ru)因無(wu)意間(jian)加上的(de)高壓(ya)或反向電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)而損(sun)壞(huai)。LTC4155的(de)理想二(er)極管控(kong)制器保證(zheng)即使輸(shu)入(ru)功率不(bu)足(zu)或未(wei)提(ti)供(gong)輸(shu)入(ru)功率時(shi)，也始終可(ke)向VOUT提(ti)供(gong)足(zu)夠的(de)功率。

　　就(jiu)平板電(dian)(dian)腦、工業條碼掃(sao)描器等很(hen)多便攜(xie)式應用(yong)而言，能管(guan)理兩(liang)個輸(shu)入(例如USB和交流適配器)就(jiu)足夠了(le)。不過，便攜(xie)式設備的(de)設計(ji)師(shi)一直在尋(xun)求用(yong)任何可用(yong)電(dian)(dian)源都能給(gei)電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)的(de)方法(fa)

　　多種輸入源

　　用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)輸(shu)入源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)原(yuan)因。有(you)些應用(yong)(yong)(yong)也許需要(yao)(yao)擺脫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)束縛，而靠太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。另(ling)一(yi)些應用(yong)(yong)(yong)則可能要(yao)(yao)求能方便地用(yong)(yong)(yong)交流(liu)適配器(qi)(qi)(qi)、汽(qi)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工業及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。無(wu)論(lun)出于何種(zhong)原(yuan)因，這要(yao)(yao)求都(dou)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統增加了極(ji)(ji)大的(de)(de)(de)負擔。大多(duo)(duo)(duo)數電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)都(dou)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)型(開關或線性)架構(gou)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。以前的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)產品輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)一(yi)般限制為(wei)大約30V。這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)限制使(shi)設計師(shi)無(wu)法將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或者具42V開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板作為(wei)可行的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。在有(you)些情況(kuang)下，希望使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)涵(han)蓋了高于和低于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍。設計一(yi)款應對此類難題的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決方案通(tong)常需要(yao)(yao)混合使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)高精度的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測(ce)放(fang)大器(qi)(qi)(qi)、ADC、一(yi)個(ge)(ge)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于控制充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)微處理器(qi)(qi)(qi)、一(yi)個(ge)(ge)高性能DC/DC轉(zhuan)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)以及一(yi)個(ge)(ge)理想二極(ji)(ji)管或多(duo)(duo)(duo)路復用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。

　　強大的充電解(jie)決(jue)方案提供(gong)無與倫比(bi)的靈活性

　　LTC4000可將任何外部補償的DC/DC電源轉換成具電源通路(PowerPath?)控制的全功能電池充電器。可由LTC4000驅動的典型DC/DC轉換器拓撲包括但不限于：降壓、升壓、降壓-升壓、SEPIC和反激式拓撲。該器件提供精確的輸入和充電電流調節，在3V至60V的寬輸入和輸出電壓范圍內工作，實現了與各種不同的輸入電壓源、以及不同尺寸和化學組成的電池組的兼容性。由于該器件的通用型配置，因此其典型應用十分廣泛，包括高功率電池充電器系(xi)統、高性能(neng)便攜式儀器、電池后(hou)備系(xi)統、配有工(gong)業電池的設備以及筆記(ji)本(ben)/小(xiao)型筆記(ji)本(ben)電腦。

　　除了(le)可(ke)(ke)以與(yu)很多(duo)不同的(de)(de)DC/DC拓(tuo)撲(pu)結合，LTC4000的(de)(de)高(gao)壓能(neng)(neng)(neng)力還允許該器件構成強大和幾乎可(ke)(ke)使用(yong)任何(he)輸入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(參見圖4和圖5)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)決方案。為了(le)確保來自這些輸入(ru)(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)傳送給(gei)合適(shi)的(de)(de)負(fu)載，LTC4000采用(yong)了(le)一種(zhong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)通路(lu)拓(tuo)撲(pu)，當輸入(ru)(ru)(ru)功(gong)率(lv)有限時(shi)，該拓(tuo)撲(pu)可(ke)(ke)優(you)先(xian)為系統負(fu)載供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。LTC4000控制(zhi)外部PFET，以提(ti)供(gong)(gong)低損耗反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流保護、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)低損耗充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以及即(ji)時(shi)接通工作，這樣就可(ke)(ke)以確保即(ji)使在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)沒電(dian)(dian)(dian)或深(shen)度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，當一插上電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，系統電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)就能(neng)(neng)(neng)立即(ji)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)。外部檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻器提(ti)供(gong)(gong)輸入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流信息，從而(er)使LTC4000能(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)涵蓋mW至kW功(gong)率(lv)范圍的(de)(de)轉換器一起使用(yong)。

圖4：LTC4000和LTC3789：6V至36V_IN、4節5A鋰離(li)子電池充電器

圖5：圖4電路中系統負(fu)載為4A時效(xiao)率隨VIN的變(bian)化

　　LTC4000的全功能電池充電控制器可為各種化學組成的電池充電，包括鋰離子/聚合物/磷酸、密封鉛酸(SLA)和鎳化學組成。該電池充電器還提供精(jing)確的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢(jian)測功能，從而在大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)應(ying)用情(qing)況(kuang)下允(yun)許較(jiao)低的檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)壓。

　　結論

　　新式便攜式產品設(she)計師的(de)(de)工作極富挑戰(zhan)性，尤其(qi)是涉及到電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)時。客戶不斷要(yao)求(qiu)更多(duo)功(gong)能以(yi)導致需要(yao)更大(da)的(de)(de)功(gong)率，結果是電(dian)(dian)池越來越大(da)。同時，客戶希望可(ke)方便地用幾乎(hu)任(ren)何(he)可(ke)用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)給這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。盡(jin)管便攜式電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)領域的(de)(de)這(zhe)些趨勢(shi)造成了(le)設(she)計挑戰(zhan)，但是LTC4155和LTC4000讓設(she)計工作變得簡單多(duo)了(le)。在低壓系(xi)統中，LTC4155高效率地提供高達3.5A的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，而且提供很多(duo)高性能功(gong)能。LTC4000可(ke)構成強大(da)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)解決方案，而且幾乎(hu)可(ke)使用任(ren)何(he)輸入，從而提供了(le)無與倫(lun)比的(de)(de)性能和靈活性。