手搖充電器(qi)：利(li)用(yong)人力(li)

　　干電(dian)(dian)池應(ying)急充(chong)：利(li)用1節(jie)到(dao)幾節(jie)干電(dian)(dian)池，提供(gong)應(ying)急充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，一(yi)般大概能(neng)提供(gong)十幾分鐘的電(dian)(dian)能(neng)。

按使用產品的種類分類
　　手機充電器

　　萬能充電器

　　筆記本充(chong)電器

　　電(dian)動車充電(dian)器

　　大型充電機等

　　相機充電器

　　電動玩具充電器

按使用方式分類
　　高級(ji)商務充(chong)：商務旅行充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)，充(chong)電(dian)速度快而(er)且十分安全，價格較一般(ban)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)稍高；

　　座式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器：外型獨特、新(xin)穎美觀、攜帶方便(bian)，適充(chong)(chong)(chong)容量200-3000mAH的鋰離子（LI-ION）鎳氫（NI-Mh)手機電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，內置智能(neng)(neng)識別電(dian)路，能(neng)(neng)自動轉(zhuan)換充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器輸出極(ji)性(xing)以適用電(dian)池正(zheng)負極(ji)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)效果極(ji)佳，是家(jia)居/旅行(xing)時手機的理想伴(ban)侶；

　　USB充電(dian)器：帶USB輸出接口(kou)，保(bao)給MP3/4、數碼(ma)相機等充電(dian)；

　　線式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)器：一般手(shou)機的直充(chong)；

　　車載(zai)充(chong)電器：以車上通(tong)用電源為供電裝(zhuang)置的(de)充(chong)電器。

按原材料分類
　　鎳氫鎳鎘充電(dian)器

　　鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)器

　　鉛酸電池充電器

按級別分類
　　軍品級充(chong)電器(qi)（工業充(chong)電器(qi)）

　　民(min)用(yong)級充電器

編輯本段組成部分
　　1、金屬外殼(ke)

　　2、輸(shu)(shu)入線、輸(shu)(shu)出線

　　3、柔性線路板、電子元器件(jian)（電容、CPU、單片機、MOS管、三極(ji)管、開關管）

編輯本段使用方法
　　一、充(chong)電常識

　　充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是使用(yong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)步驟。適當合理的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命(ming)很(hen)有(you)(you)(you)好處(chu)，而野蠻胡亂充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)將會對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命(ming)有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)大影響。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)基(ji)本(ben)都是根據各(ge)個(ge)產品單獨(du)封裝(zhuang)，互(hu)不(bu)通用(yong)的，因此各(ge)個(ge)產品也提(ti)供(gong)各(ge)自(zi)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備，互(hu)不(bu)通用(yong)，在使用(yong)時只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)遵循各(ge)自(zi)的說明書使用(yong)即可。所(suo)以本(ben)篇對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的介紹主要(yao)(yao)是指鎳(nie)(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)鎳(nie)(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。對鎳(nie)(nie)隔(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)鎳(nie)(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)種方(fang)式(shi)，就是我們大家所(suo)熟知的“快充(chong)”和(he)(he)“慢(man)充(chong)”。快充(chong)和(he)(he)慢(man)充(chong)是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的一個(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)概念，只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)了解了快充(chong)和(he)(he)慢(man)充(chong)才能正確掌(zhang)握充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　首先(xian)，快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)和慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)是個相(xiang)對(dui)的概念(nian)。有人曾問(wen)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)有200mA，是不是快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)？這(zhe)個答(da)案并不絕對(dui)，應該回答(da)對(dui)于某(mou)些電(dian)池(chi)(chi)來說，它是快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，而對(dui)于某(mou)些電(dian)池(chi)(chi)來說，它只是慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)。那我們(men)究竟(jing)怎(zen)樣來判別快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)還是慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)呢？

　　例如一(yi)節(jie)5號(hao)鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量為(wei)(wei)1200mAH，而(er)另一(yi)節(jie)則為(wei)(wei)1600mAH。把一(yi)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量稱為(wei)(wei)1C，可見1C只是(shi)一(yi)個邏(luo)輯概(gai)念，同樣的(de)1C，并不相等(deng)。在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流小(xiao)于0.1C時，稱為(wei)(wei)涓流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。顧名(ming)思義，是(shi)指電(dian)(dian)(dian)流很小(xiao)。一(yi)般而(er)言(yan)，涓流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)夠把電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)的(de)很足(zu)，而(er)不傷害電(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽(shou)命，但(dan)用涓流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)花的(de)時間實在(zai)太(tai)長(chang)，因(yin)此很少單獨(du)使用，而(er)是(shi)和其它(ta)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式結合使用。

　　充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在0.1C-0.2C之間時(shi)，稱為(wei)慢速(su)充電(dian)(dian)。充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)大于(yu)0.2C，小于(yu)0.8C則是(shi)快(kuai)速(su)充電(dian)(dian)。而當充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)大于(yu)0.8C時(shi)，稱之為(wei)超高速(su)充電(dian)(dian)。

　　正因為1C是(shi)個邏輯概念而(er)非絕對(dui)值(zhi)，因此根據(ju)1C折算的(de)快充(chong)慢充(chong)也是(shi)一個相(xiang)對(dui)值(zhi)。前面例(li)子中提到的(de)200mA充(chong)電電流對(dui)于(yu)1200mAH的(de)電池來說是(shi)慢充(chong)，而(er)對(dui)于(yu)700mAH的(de)電池來說就是(shi)快充(chong)。

　　放電說明

編輯本段注意事項
　　充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的記(ji)憶效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)，當記(ji)憶效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)逐漸累積，會(hui)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的實(shi)際使用(yong)(yong)容(rong)量大幅下降。要減輕記(ji)憶效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)所帶(dai)來的負(fu)作用(yong)(yong)，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)有效(xiao)(xiao)的方法就是放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。一(yi)(yi)般來講(jiang)由(you)于(yu)鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的記(ji)憶效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)比較明(ming)顯(xian)，建議(yi)在(zai)反(fan)復充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使用(yong)(yong)5-10次后(hou)就作一(yi)(yi)次放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的記(ji)憶效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)不太明(ming)顯(xian)，可以(yi)在(zai)反(fan)復充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使用(yong)(yong)20-30次后(hou)作一(yi)(yi)次放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)市(shi)場上銷(xiao)售的一(yi)(yi)些(xie)高檔充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器自身(shen)帶(dai)有放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)能(neng)，但絕大部分的中低檔充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器是沒有放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)能(neng)的，這時該怎么(me)辦呢？在(zai)了解了放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的原理后(hou)，也可以(yi)自己嘗試著(zhu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和鎳氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓是1.2V，但實際上，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)壓是個變化的值，隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)量是否充(chong)足，圍(wei)(wei)繞(rao)著1.2V左右進(jin)行(xing)波動。一(yi)般在(zai)1V-1.4V之間波動，不同(tong)品牌的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)由于工藝上的不盡相同(tong)，電(dian)(dian)壓波動范圍(wei)(wei)也不完全一(yi)致。

　　對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)是采用(yong)很(hen)小(xiao)的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓緩慢下降(jiang)，下降(jiang)到0.9V-1V之間(jian)，就(jiu)應該停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。不(bu)建議將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到0.9V之下，這(zhe)樣(yang)做會造(zao)成過度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池受到不(bu)可逆(ni)的(de)傷害，上一(yi)篇曾(ceng)說過的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池不(bu)適合于用(yong)在(zai)(zai)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)遙(yao)控(kong)器中，就(jiu)是因為遙(yao)控(kong)器的(de)使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很(hen)小(xiao)，長時間(jian)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)遙(yao)控(kong)器中使(shi)用(yong)很(hen)容(rong)易造(zao)成過度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池經(jing)過一(yi)次正確的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，你會驚喜的(de)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)容(rong)量又(you)恢復到原來的(de)水平，因此當(dang)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)容(rong)量有所下降(jiang)時，就(jiu)最好作一(yi)次放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　自己對電池(chi)做放(fang)電有(you)個(ge)簡便(bian)的(de)方法，就是(shi)接一個(ge)小電珠作為負載(zai)，但必須(xu)使用電表來監視電壓值的(de)變化(hua)，以防過度放(fang)電。

　　對于充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的選擇，究竟是選擇快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)還是慢速(su)恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，這主(zhu)要看(kan)自己(ji)使用(yong)的側重點(dian)。例如經常外出(chu)使用(yong)數碼(ma)相機等設(she)備(bei)的朋(peng)友(you)，就(jiu)應(ying)該選擇快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，以滿足時間上的要求，甚至可以購買超高速(su)的充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，而只使用(yong)隨身聽(ting)等設(she)備(bei)的朋(peng)友(you)，恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)能滿足需要

　　在掌握了(le)正確(que)的充放電(dian)(dian)知識后(hou)，大家一定能更好地使用自己的充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。請大家不要拘(ju)泥于快速充電(dian)(dian)。

　　勿將手機充(chong)電器放置于潮濕或(huo)者(zhe)高(gao)溫的條件下，這樣(yang)減少手機充(chong)電器的使(shi)用壽命。

　　在(zai)充電(dian)器(qi)的(de)過程中會有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)發熱(re)現象，在(zai)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)的(de)室溫下，只要不(bu)超過六十(shi)攝氏度屬于正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)顯示，是不(bu)會損害電(dian)池。由于手機的(de)款式和(he)充電(dian)的(de)時間不(bu)一(yi)致，這與手機的(de)充電(dian)器(qi)的(de)充電(dian)性能無(wu)關。