手(shou)搖充電器：利用人(ren)力(li)

　　干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池應急充：利用(yong)1節到幾(ji)節干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池，提供應急充電(dian)，一般(ban)大概能提供十(shi)幾(ji)分鐘(zhong)的(de)電(dian)能。

按使用產品的種類分類
　　手機充電器

　　萬能充電器

　　筆(bi)記本(ben)充(chong)電器

　　電(dian)動車充(chong)電(dian)器

　　大型(xing)充電機(ji)等

　　相機充電器

　　電(dian)動玩具充(chong)電(dian)器

按使用方式分類
　　高級商務(wu)充：商務(wu)旅行充電(dian)器，充電(dian)速度快而且十分安全，價(jia)格較一般充電(dian)器稍高；

　　座式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)器：外型獨特、新穎美觀、攜帶方便(bian)，適充(chong)容(rong)量200-3000mAH的鋰離子（LI-ION）鎳氫(qing)（NI-Mh)手機(ji)電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)，內置智能識別電(dian)路，能自動轉換充(chong)電(dian)器輸(shu)出極性以適用電(dian)池正負極，充(chong)電(dian)效果極佳(jia)，是(shi)家居/旅行時手機(ji)的理想伴侶；

　　USB充電器：帶USB輸出接口，保(bao)給(gei)MP3/4、數碼相機等(deng)充電；

　　線式充電器(qi)：一(yi)般手機的直充；

　　車載(zai)充電(dian)(dian)器：以車上通用電(dian)(dian)源為供(gong)電(dian)(dian)裝置的充電(dian)(dian)器。

按原材料分類
　　鎳氫鎳鎘充(chong)電器

　　鋰離子電池充電器(qi)

　　鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)器

按級別分類
　　軍品級充電(dian)(dian)器（工業(ye)充電(dian)(dian)器）

　　民用級充(chong)電器

編輯本段組成部分
　　1、金屬外殼(ke)

　　2、輸(shu)(shu)入線、輸(shu)(shu)出線

　　3、柔性線(xian)路板、電子(zi)元器件（電容(rong)、CPU、單片(pian)機、MOS管、三極管、開關管）

編輯本段使用方法
　　一、充電常識

　　充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)用充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)步(bu)驟。適當合理(li)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)對延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)很(hen)有好處，而野蠻胡(hu)亂充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)將會對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)有很(hen)大影(ying)響。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)基本(ben)都是(shi)(shi)根據各(ge)個(ge)產(chan)品單(dan)獨封裝，互不通用的(de)，因此各(ge)個(ge)產(chan)品也提供(gong)各(ge)自的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備，互不通用，在使(shi)(shi)用時只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)遵循(xun)各(ge)自的(de)說(shuo)明書使(shi)(shi)用即可。所(suo)以(yi)本(ben)篇對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)介紹主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)鎳(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。對鎳(nie)隔電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)鎳(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)有兩種方式，就是(shi)(shi)我們大家所(suo)熟知的(de)“快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)”和(he)“慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)”。快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)是(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)一個(ge)重要(yao)(yao)概念，只(zhi)有了(le)解了(le)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)才(cai)能(neng)正確掌握充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　首先，快充(chong)(chong)和慢充(chong)(chong)是個相對的概(gai)念。有(you)人曾(ceng)問(wen)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流有(you)200mA，是不是快充(chong)(chong)？這個答(da)案并(bing)不絕對，應該回(hui)答(da)對于(yu)某(mou)些電(dian)(dian)池來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，它(ta)是快充(chong)(chong)，而(er)對于(yu)某(mou)些電(dian)(dian)池來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，它(ta)只是慢充(chong)(chong)。那我們究竟怎樣來(lai)(lai)判別(bie)快充(chong)(chong)還是慢充(chong)(chong)呢(ni)？

　　例如一(yi)(yi)(yi)節(jie)5號鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量為(wei)1200mAH，而另一(yi)(yi)(yi)節(jie)則為(wei)1600mAH。把(ba)(ba)一(yi)(yi)(yi)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量稱(cheng)為(wei)1C，可見1C只是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個邏輯概念，同樣(yang)的1C，并不相等。在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小(xiao)于(yu)0.1C時，稱(cheng)為(wei)涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。顧(gu)名思義，是(shi)指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很小(xiao)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般而言，涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能夠把(ba)(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)的很足，而不傷害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命，但用涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所花的時間實在太(tai)長，因此(ci)很少單獨使(shi)用，而是(shi)和(he)其它充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式結合使(shi)用。

　　充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流在(zai)0.1C-0.2C之(zhi)間時，稱(cheng)(cheng)為慢速(su)充(chong)電(dian)。充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流大于0.2C，小于0.8C則是快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)。而當充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流大于0.8C時，稱(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)為超高速(su)充(chong)電(dian)。

　　正因為1C是(shi)個(ge)邏輯概(gai)念(nian)而(er)非(fei)絕對(dui)(dui)值，因此根(gen)據1C折算的(de)快充(chong)慢充(chong)也是(shi)一個(ge)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)值。前(qian)面例子中(zhong)提到的(de)200mA充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流對(dui)(dui)于1200mAH的(de)電(dian)池(chi)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)是(shi)慢充(chong)，而(er)對(dui)(dui)于700mAH的(de)電(dian)池(chi)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)就是(shi)快充(chong)。

　　放電說明

編輯本段注意事項
　　充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)記憶(yi)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)，當記憶(yi)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)逐漸累積，會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)實際使用(yong)容量大(da)幅(fu)下(xia)降。要減輕記憶(yi)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)所帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)負作(zuo)用(yong)，一(yi)個有效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)方法就是放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。一(yi)般來(lai)講(jiang)由于鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)記憶(yi)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)比較明顯，建議(yi)在(zai)(zai)反(fan)復充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)使用(yong)5-10次后就作(zuo)一(yi)次放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)記憶(yi)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)不太明顯，可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)反(fan)復充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)使用(yong)20-30次后作(zuo)一(yi)次放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)(zai)市場上銷(xiao)售的(de)一(yi)些高檔充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器自身帶(dai)有放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)能，但(dan)絕大(da)部分的(de)中低檔充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器是沒有放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)能的(de)，這(zhe)時該怎么辦呢？在(zai)(zai)了(le)解了(le)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)原理后，也可(ke)以(yi)自己嘗試著對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)標稱電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)是1.2V，但(dan)實際(ji)上，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)是個變化的(de)值，隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)量是否充足(zu)，圍繞著(zhu)1.2V左右進(jin)行波(bo)動(dong)。一般在1V-1.4V之間波(bo)動(dong)，不同品牌(pai)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)由于(yu)工藝上的(de)不盡相同，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)波(bo)動(dong)范圍也不完全一致。

　　對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就是采用(yong)很(hen)小的(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓緩慢下(xia)降(jiang)，下(xia)降(jiang)到0.9V-1V之(zhi)間，就應該(gai)停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。不建議將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到0.9V之(zhi)下(xia)，這樣做會造成過度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)受到不可逆的(de)(de)傷(shang)害(hai)，上一篇(pian)曾說過的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不適(shi)合于用(yong)在家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)遙(yao)控(kong)器中，就是因(yin)為遙(yao)控(kong)器的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很(hen)小，長(chang)時(shi)間放(fang)在遙(yao)控(kong)器中使(shi)用(yong)很(hen)容易(yi)造成過度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經(jing)過一次(ci)正(zheng)確的(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，你(ni)會驚喜的(de)(de)發(fa)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)容量又恢復到原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)水平，因(yin)此當發(fa)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)容量有所下(xia)降(jiang)時(shi)，就最好作一次(ci)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　自(zi)己對電(dian)池做放電(dian)有個簡便(bian)的方法，就是接一個小電(dian)珠作(zuo)為負(fu)載，但必須使用電(dian)表來監(jian)視電(dian)壓值(zhi)的變化，以防過(guo)度放電(dian)。

　　對于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的選(xuan)擇，究竟是選(xuan)擇快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器還是慢(man)速恒流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，這(zhe)主要(yao)看(kan)自己使(shi)用的側重(zhong)點(dian)。例如經常(chang)外出使(shi)用數碼相(xiang)機等設備的朋友(you)，就應該(gai)選(xuan)擇快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，以(yi)(yi)滿(man)足(zu)(zu)時間(jian)上的要(yao)求(qiu)，甚至可以(yi)(yi)購買超(chao)高速的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，而只(zhi)使(shi)用隨(sui)身(shen)聽(ting)等設備的朋友(you)，恒流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器就能滿(man)足(zu)(zu)需要(yao)

　　在(zai)掌握了正確的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)知識后(hou)，大(da)家一定能更好地使用(yong)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。請大(da)家不要拘泥(ni)于快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)。

　　勿將手(shou)機(ji)充電器放(fang)置于(yu)潮(chao)濕或者高溫的條件下，這(zhe)樣減少手(shou)機(ji)充電器的使用壽命。

　　在(zai)充(chong)電器(qi)的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)會有一(yi)定的(de)(de)發熱現象，在(zai)正常的(de)(de)室溫下(xia)，只要不(bu)(bu)超(chao)過六十(shi)攝氏度(du)屬于(yu)正常顯(xian)示，是不(bu)(bu)會損害電池。由于(yu)手(shou)機的(de)(de)款式和充(chong)電的(de)(de)時間不(bu)(bu)一(yi)致，這與手(shou)機的(de)(de)充(chong)電器(qi)的(de)(de)充(chong)電性能無(wu)關。