手搖充電器：利用人(ren)力

　　干電(dian)(dian)池應急充(chong)：利(li)用1節到幾節干電(dian)(dian)池，提供(gong)應急充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，一般大概能提供(gong)十幾分鐘的電(dian)(dian)能。

按使用產品的種類分類
　　手機充電器

　　萬能充電器

　　筆記本充電(dian)器

　　電(dian)(dian)動車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器

　　大(da)型充電機等

　　相機充電器

　　電動玩具充(chong)電器

按使用方式分類
　　高級商(shang)務(wu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)：商(shang)務(wu)旅行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電速度(du)快(kuai)而(er)且(qie)十分安全(quan)，價格較一般充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器稍高；

　　座式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)：外(wai)型(xing)獨特、新穎美(mei)觀、攜帶方便，適(shi)充(chong)(chong)容(rong)量200-3000mAH的(de)鋰(li)離子（LI-ION）鎳氫（NI-Mh)手(shou)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，內置智(zhi)能識(shi)別電(dian)(dian)路，能自動轉換充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸出極(ji)(ji)性以適(shi)用電(dian)(dian)池正負極(ji)(ji)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)效果極(ji)(ji)佳，是家居/旅行時手(shou)機(ji)的(de)理想伴侶(lv)；

　　USB充(chong)電(dian)器：帶(dai)USB輸出接口，保給MP3/4、數碼相機等(deng)充(chong)電(dian)；

　　線式充電器：一般手機的(de)直充；

　　車載充(chong)電(dian)器：以車上通用電(dian)源為(wei)供電(dian)裝置的充(chong)電(dian)器。

按原材料分類
　　鎳氫鎳鎘充電器

　　鋰(li)離子電池(chi)充(chong)電器

　　鉛(qian)酸電池充(chong)電器

按級別分類
　　軍品(pin)級(ji)充電(dian)器（工業充電(dian)器）

　　民用級充電器

編輯本段組成部分
　　1、金屬(shu)外殼

　　2、輸(shu)(shu)入線、輸(shu)(shu)出線

　　3、柔性(xing)線(xian)路板(ban)、電子元(yuan)器件(jian)（電容(rong)、CPU、單片機、MOS管、三極管、開(kai)關管）

編輯本段使用方法
　　一(yi)、充電常識(shi)

　　充(chong)電(dian)(dian)是(shi)使用(yong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)步(bu)驟。適當(dang)合(he)理的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)延(yan)長電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命很有(you)好處，而(er)野蠻胡亂充(chong)電(dian)(dian)將會對(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命有(you)很大影(ying)響(xiang)。鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)基本都是(shi)根據(ju)各個(ge)(ge)產品單獨封裝，互不通用(yong)的(de)，因此(ci)各個(ge)(ge)產品也提供各自(zi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設備，互不通用(yong)，在使用(yong)時只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)遵(zun)循各自(zi)的(de)說明書使用(yong)即可(ke)。所(suo)以本篇對(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)介紹主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)指鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)鎳隔電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)有(you)兩(liang)種方式(shi)，就是(shi)我(wo)們大家所(suo)熟知的(de)“快充(chong)”和(he)“慢充(chong)”。快充(chong)和(he)慢充(chong)是(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)(yao)概念，只(zhi)有(you)了解了快充(chong)和(he)慢充(chong)才能正確掌握(wo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

　　首(shou)先，快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)和慢(man)充(chong)(chong)是(shi)個相對(dui)的(de)概念。有人曾問，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流有200mA，是(shi)不(bu)是(shi)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)？這個答(da)案并不(bu)絕對(dui)，應(ying)該回(hui)答(da)對(dui)于(yu)某些(xie)電(dian)池(chi)來說，它(ta)是(shi)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)，而對(dui)于(yu)某些(xie)電(dian)池(chi)來說，它(ta)只是(shi)慢(man)充(chong)(chong)。那我們究竟(jing)怎樣來判別快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)還是(shi)慢(man)充(chong)(chong)呢？

　　例(li)如一節(jie)5號鎳氫電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)為(wei)1200mAH，而(er)另(ling)一節(jie)則為(wei)1600mAH。把一節(jie)電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)稱為(wei)1C，可見1C只(zhi)是一個邏輯概(gai)念，同樣的1C，并不相等(deng)。在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流小(xiao)于0.1C時，稱為(wei)涓流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。顧名(ming)思(si)義，是指電(dian)(dian)流很小(xiao)。一般(ban)而(er)言，涓流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)能夠把電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)的很足(zu)，而(er)不傷(shang)害電(dian)(dian)池壽(shou)命(ming)，但用涓流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)所花的時間(jian)實在太長，因(yin)此很少單獨(du)使用，而(er)是和其它(ta)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式結合使用。

　　充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流在0.1C-0.2C之間時，稱為慢(man)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流大(da)于0.2C，小(xiao)于0.8C則是(shi)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。而(er)當充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流大(da)于0.8C時，稱之為超高(gao)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

　　正因為(wei)1C是個(ge)邏(luo)輯概念而非絕對(dui)值(zhi)(zhi)，因此根(gen)據1C折算的(de)快(kuai)充慢充也是一個(ge)相對(dui)值(zhi)(zhi)。前面例子中提到的(de)200mA充電電流對(dui)于1200mAH的(de)電池來說是慢充，而對(dui)于700mAH的(de)電池來說就(jiu)是快(kuai)充。

　　放電說明

編輯本段注意事項
　　充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)記(ji)憶(yi)效(xiao)應(ying)，當(dang)記(ji)憶(yi)效(xiao)應(ying)逐漸累積，會使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)實際使(shi)用(yong)(yong)容量(liang)大幅下降。要減輕記(ji)憶(yi)效(xiao)應(ying)所帶來的(de)負作用(yong)(yong)，一(yi)(yi)個有效(xiao)的(de)方法就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。一(yi)(yi)般來講(jiang)由于鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)記(ji)憶(yi)效(xiao)應(ying)比較明顯(xian)，建議在(zai)(zai)反復充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)5-10次后(hou)就(jiu)作一(yi)(yi)次放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)記(ji)憶(yi)效(xiao)應(ying)不太明顯(xian)，可以在(zai)(zai)反復充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)20-30次后(hou)作一(yi)(yi)次放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)(zai)市場(chang)上銷(xiao)售的(de)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)高檔(dang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)自(zi)身帶有放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能，但絕大部分的(de)中(zhong)低檔(dang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)沒有放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能的(de)，這時(shi)該怎(zen)么辦呢？在(zai)(zai)了解了放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)原理后(hou)，也(ye)可以自(zi)己嘗試(shi)著(zhu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)標稱電(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)(shi)1.2V，但實際(ji)上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)(shi)個變(bian)化的(de)(de)值，隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)量是(shi)(shi)否充足，圍繞(rao)著1.2V左右(you)進(jin)行波(bo)動(dong)。一般在1V-1.4V之間波(bo)動(dong)，不同(tong)(tong)品牌的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)由于工藝上(shang)的(de)(de)不盡相同(tong)(tong)，電(dian)(dian)壓波(bo)動(dong)范圍也不完全一致。

　　對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)是采用很小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)緩(huan)慢(man)下(xia)降，下(xia)降到0.9V-1V之間，就(jiu)應(ying)該停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。不(bu)建(jian)議將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到0.9V之下(xia)，這樣做會造(zao)成過(guo)度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)受(shou)到不(bu)可逆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傷害，上(shang)一篇曾說過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)適合于用在(zai)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)遙控器(qi)(qi)中，就(jiu)是因(yin)為(wei)遙控器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很小(xiao)，長時(shi)間放(fang)在(zai)遙控器(qi)(qi)中使用很容(rong)易造(zao)成過(guo)度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)經過(guo)一次(ci)(ci)正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，你會驚喜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量又恢復(fu)到原(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水平，因(yin)此當(dang)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量有(you)所下(xia)降時(shi)，就(jiu)最(zui)好(hao)作一次(ci)(ci)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　自己對電(dian)池做放(fang)電(dian)有個(ge)簡便的(de)方法，就是接一個(ge)小電(dian)珠(zhu)作為負載，但必須使用電(dian)表來監視電(dian)壓值的(de)變化，以防(fang)過度(du)放(fang)電(dian)。

　　對于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)，究竟是(shi)選擇(ze)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)還是(shi)慢速(su)恒流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，這主要看(kan)自己使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)側重點(dian)。例如經常外出(chu)使(shi)用(yong)數碼(ma)相(xiang)機等設備的(de)(de)(de)朋(peng)友，就(jiu)應(ying)該選擇(ze)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，以滿足時間(jian)上的(de)(de)(de)要求，甚(shen)至可以購買(mai)超高速(su)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，而(er)只使(shi)用(yong)隨身(shen)聽等設備的(de)(de)(de)朋(peng)友，恒流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)能滿足需要

　　在掌握了正確(que)的充(chong)放電知識后，大(da)家(jia)一(yi)定能更好地使用自己的充(chong)電電池。請(qing)大(da)家(jia)不要拘泥于快速充(chong)電。

　　勿將手機(ji)充電器放(fang)置于潮濕或者(zhe)高溫的(de)條件下(xia)，這(zhe)樣減少手機(ji)充電器的(de)使(shi)用壽命。

　　在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)過程中會(hui)有一定的(de)發熱現象，在正常(chang)的(de)室溫下，只要(yao)不(bu)超過六十攝(she)氏度(du)屬于正常(chang)顯(xian)示，是不(bu)會(hui)損害電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。由(you)于手機的(de)款式和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)時間不(bu)一致，這與手機的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)性能無關(guan)。