電瓶充電器一般采用了進口電源模塊，是目前最新穎的高頻電子電路智能型自動充電器。損耗低、功效高。適用于12V、24V電瓶充電用，充電器還具有防反接功能，若不連接或極性反接則無電壓輸出，只有正確連接才能正常工作，還具有過壓、過流、過熱等保護.充電的原理是充電器的電壓高于電池的電壓，才能夠充電，二者之間的電動勢差越大，充電越快，充電電流越大，所以一般的24V充電器的(de)(de)電(dian)壓最大（空載）為(wei)28V，而(er)60A是說的(de)(de)最大出力(li)能(neng)力(li)，而(er)你充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)器已經有了負載，這時(shi)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓時(shi)為(wei)電(dian)瓶(ping)正在充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓，40A的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)，這個電(dian)流(liu)會(hui)隨著充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)完成越來越小。另外(wai)，充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)大小和電(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)容量(liang)大小也是有關系的(de)(de).

1.電瓶的種類和日常維護
　　目前，我們常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)三類,分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、干荷(he)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)免維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)三種。普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)；普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)板是(shi)(shi)由(you)鉛(qian)和(he)鉛(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)物構成，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)硫酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)溶液(ye)(ye)。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)優點是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓穩定(ding)(ding)、價格便宜；缺點是(shi)(shi)比能(neng)(neng)(neng)低(即(ji)每公斤蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)存(cun)儲(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng))、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命短(duan)和(he)日常維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)頻繁。干荷(he)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)：它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全稱是(shi)(shi)干式荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)特點是(shi)(shi)負極(ji)板有(you)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)完全干燥狀態(tai)下，能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)兩年內保存(cun)所得(de)到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)，只需加(jia)(jia)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)，等(deng)過(guo)20―30分(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong)就(jiu)可使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。免維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)：免維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)由(you)于自(zi)身結構上的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)耗量(liang)非常小，在(zai)(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命內基(ji)本(ben)不(bu)需要(yao)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)。它(ta)還具有(you)耐震、耐高(gao)溫(wen)、體(ti)積(ji)小、自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命一(yi)(yi)(yi)般為(wei)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍。市場上的(de)(de)(de)(de)免維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)也有(you)兩種：第一(yi)(yi)(yi)種在(zai)(zai)(zai)購買時(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次性加(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)以(yi)后使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中不(bu)需要(yao)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(添加(jia)(jia)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)液(ye)(ye))；另一(yi)(yi)(yi)種是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)本(ben)身出(chu)廠時(shi)就(jiu)已經加(jia)(jia)好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)并封死，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶根本(ben)就(jiu)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)加(jia)(jia)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)液(ye)(ye)。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正確使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)以(yi)下7點:1、檢查(cha)(cha)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)支架上的(de)(de)(de)(de)固定(ding)(ding)螺栓(shuan)是(shi)(shi)否擰(ning)緊,安裝(zhuang)不(bu)牢靠會(hui)因(yin)行車震動而引起殼體(ti)損(sun)壞。另外不(bu)要(yao)將金(jin)屬物放在(zai)(zai)(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)上以(yi)防短(duan)路(lu)。2、時(shi)常查(cha)(cha)看極(ji)柱和(he)接線(xian)(xian)頭連接得(de)是(shi)(shi)否可靠。為(wei)防止(zhi)接線(xian)(xian)柱氧化(hua)可以(yi)涂抹凡士林等(deng)保護(hu)(hu)劑。3、不(bu)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)直接打火(huo)(短(duan)路(lu)試驗)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法檢查(cha)(cha)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)這樣會(hui)對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)成損(sun)害。4、普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)要(yao)注意定(ding)(ding)期添加(jia)(jia)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)。干荷(he)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之前最好適當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。至于可加(jia)(jia)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)免維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)適當(dang)查(cha)(cha)看必要(yao)時(shi)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)有(you)助于延(yan)長使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命。5、蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)蓋上的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣孔(kong)應(ying)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)暢。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)會(hui)產生(sheng)大(da)量(liang)氣泡若通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)氣孔(kong)被(bei)堵塞使氣體(ti)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)逸出(chu)當(dang)壓力(li)增(zeng)大(da)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)程度后就(jiu)會(hui)造(zao)成蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)殼體(ti)炸(zha)裂(lie)。6、在(zai)(zai)(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)柱和(he)蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)周圍(wei)常會(hui)有(you)黃(huang)白色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)糊狀物,這是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)硫酸(suan)腐蝕了根柱、線(xian)(xian)卡、固定(ding)(ding)架等(deng)造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這些物質的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻很大(da)，要(yao)及時(shi)清除。7、當(dang)需要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兩塊蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)串(chuan)聯使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)最好相(xiang)等(deng)。否則(ze)會(hui)影(ying)響蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命

2.影響電瓶容量和使用壽命的幾種情況
　　引(yin)(yin)(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)足的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)很(hen)多(duo)，主(zhu)要(yao)分以下幾方面　1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池出(chu)廠后到達用(yong)戶外(wai)來能及(ji)時(shi)安裝使用(yong)，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)貯(zhu)存，溫度高低(di)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)自放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有很(hen)大影響，長(chang)期(qi)(qi)貯(zhu)存勢(shi)必(bi)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)自放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會引(yin)(yin)(yin)起容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)不(bu)(bu)足。　2）正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)板(ban)腐(fu)蝕(shi)，變形引(yin)(yin)(yin)起容(rong)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)足。鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)板(ban)是影響該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池工(gong)作壽(shou)命的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)因(yin)素。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)(xun)環的(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)，尤其是深循(xun)(xun)下的(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)下降與正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)板(ban)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)偏差密切相關。　a.正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)板(ban)柵(zha)(zha)上(shang)活(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)軟化(hua)脫(tuo)(tuo)落(luo)微(wei)觀上(shang)活(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)中(zhong)存在著(zhu)大孔(kong)和繳孔(kong)，大孔(kong)尺(chi)寸超過0.5cm，它是由許多(duo)小孔(kong)組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，隨著(zhu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)(xun)環的(de)進行，活(huo)性物(wu)表面收縮，形成(cheng)(cheng)核心而成(cheng)(cheng)珊瑚(hu)狀結構，多(duo)次放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)(xun)環使用(yong)小孔(kong)聚集增多(duo)，使大孔(kong)不(bu)(bu)斷增加(jia)，破(po)壞了正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)結構，導(dao)致活(huo)性物(wu)脫(tuo)(tuo)落(luo)。出(chu)現(xian)這些(xie)情(qing)況(kuang)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)是大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)致。避免(mian)發生應保證充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和避免(mian)出(chu)現(xian)過充(chong)(chong)或(huo)過放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)現(xian)象。　b.正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)板(ban)柵(zha)(zha)腐(fu)蝕(shi)變形　板(ban)柵(zha)(zha)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)速度取決于板(ban)柵(zha)(zha)合(he)金的(de)組成(cheng)(cheng)，但儲存溫度越高，腐(fu)蝕(shi)速度越快，放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度越深，腐(fu)蝕(shi)越嚴重。　3)負極(ji)板(ban)硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽化(hua)　在正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)工(gong)作中(zhong)，負極(ji)板(ban)上(shang)的(de)PbSO4顆粒小，放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很(hen)容(rong)易恢復為絨狀鉛(qian)，但有的(de)時(shi)候電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內(nei)部生成(cheng)(cheng)了難以還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)的(de)硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)，稱為硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽化(hua)。 引(yin)(yin)(yin)起負極(ji)鹽化(hua)的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)很(hen)多(duo)，諸(zhu)如放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后不(bu)(bu)能及(ji)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池長(chang)期(qi)(qi)擱置(zhi)，引(yin)(yin)(yin)起嚴重的(de)自放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液濃度過高，長(chang)期(qi)(qi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)足，高溫下長(chang)期(qi)(qi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這種(zhong)硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)用(yong)常(chang)(chang)規(gui)方法很(hen)難還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)，這樣活(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)減少勢(shi)必(bi)影響到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)。