電瓶充電器一般采用了進口電源模塊，是目前最新穎的高頻電子電路智能型自動充電器。損耗低、功效高。適用于12V、24V電瓶充電用，充電器還具有防反接功能，若不連接或極性反接則無電壓輸出，只有正確連接才能正常工作，還具有過壓、過流、過熱等保護.充電的原理是充電器的電壓高于電池的電壓，才能夠充電，二者之間的電動勢差越大，充電越快，充電電流越大，所以一般的24V充電器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓最大（空載）為28V，而(er)60A是說(shuo)的最大出力(li)能(neng)力(li)，而(er)你充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器已經有了負載，這時(shi)(shi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶正在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，40A的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會隨(sui)著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的完成越來越小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。另外，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的容量大小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)也是有關系(xi)的.

1.電瓶的種類和日常維護
　　目前(qian)，我們常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)主要(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)三類,分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、干(gan)荷(he)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和免(mian)(mian)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)三種(zhong)。普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)；普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)是(shi)由鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)和鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)氧(yang)化(hua)物構(gou)成，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)是(shi)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)的(de)水(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)。它(ta)(ta)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)優點是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穩定(ding)、價格(ge)便(bian)宜；缺點是(shi)比(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)低(即每公斤(jin)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)存儲(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng))、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)短和日常(chang)(chang)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)頻繁。干(gan)荷(he)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)：它(ta)(ta)的(de)全稱是(shi)干(gan)式荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，它(ta)(ta)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)特(te)點是(shi)負極(ji)(ji)板(ban)有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)高的(de)儲(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，在完全干(gan)燥狀態下，能(neng)(neng)(neng)在兩(liang)年內(nei)保存所得(de)到的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)，只(zhi)需(xu)(xu)加入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)，等過20―30分(fen)(fen)鐘就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。免(mian)(mian)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)：免(mian)(mian)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)由于自身結構(gou)上的(de)優勢，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)的(de)消耗量非(fei)常(chang)(chang)小，在使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)內(nei)基本不(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)補充(chong)(chong)蒸餾水(shui)。它(ta)(ta)還(huan)具有(you)(you)(you)耐震、耐高溫、體(ti)積小、自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)小的(de)特(te)點。使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)一般為(wei)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)兩(liang)倍。市場(chang)上的(de)免(mian)(mian)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)：第(di)一種(zhong)在購買時(shi)(shi)一次性加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)以(yi)后使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)中不(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(添(tian)加補充(chong)(chong)液(ye))；另一種(zhong)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)本身出廠時(shi)(shi)就(jiu)已經加好(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)并封死，用(yong)(yong)戶根本就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)加補充(chong)(chong)液(ye)。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)正(zheng)確使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)和維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)主要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)以(yi)下7點:1、檢查蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在支架上的(de)固定(ding)螺(luo)栓(shuan)是(shi)否(fou)擰緊,安裝不(bu)(bu)(bu)牢靠會(hui)因(yin)(yin)行(xing)車(che)震動而引起殼(ke)體(ti)損壞(huai)。另外不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)將金屬(shu)物放(fang)在蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)上以(yi)防(fang)(fang)短路。2、時(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)查看(kan)極(ji)(ji)柱(zhu)和接(jie)(jie)線(xian)頭連接(jie)(jie)得(de)是(shi)否(fou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠。為(wei)防(fang)(fang)止接(jie)(jie)線(xian)柱(zhu)氧(yang)化(hua)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)涂抹凡(fan)士林等保護(hu)(hu)劑。3、不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)直接(jie)(jie)打火(短路試驗)的(de)方法檢查蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量這樣會(hui)對蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)造成損害。4、普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)要(yao)(yao)注意定(ding)期添(tian)加蒸餾水(shui)。干(gan)荷(he)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)前(qian)最(zui)好(hao)適(shi)當充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。至于可(ke)(ke)(ke)加水(shui)的(de)免(mian)(mian)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)適(shi)當查看(kan)必要(yao)(yao)時(shi)(shi)補充(chong)(chong)蒸餾水(shui)有(you)(you)(you)助于延長使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)。5、蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)蓋上的(de)氣孔應通(tong)(tong)(tong)暢(chang)。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)會(hui)產生(sheng)大(da)量氣泡若通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣孔被堵塞使(shi)(shi)氣體(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)逸(yi)出當壓(ya)力增大(da)到一定(ding)的(de)程(cheng)度后就(jiu)會(hui)造成蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)殼(ke)體(ti)炸裂。6、在蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)(ji)柱(zhu)和蓋的(de)周圍常(chang)(chang)會(hui)有(you)(you)(you)黃白色的(de)糊狀物,這是(shi)因(yin)(yin)為(wei)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)腐蝕了根柱(zhu)、線(xian)卡(ka)、固定(ding)架等造成的(de)。這些(xie)物質的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻很大(da)，要(yao)(yao)及時(shi)(shi)清除。7、當需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)兩(liang)塊蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)串聯(lian)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)容量最(zui)好(hao)相等。否(fou)則(ze)會(hui)影響蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)

2.影響電瓶容量和使用壽命的幾種情況
　　引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)不(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)很(hen)多(duo)，主要分以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)幾方面　1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)出(chu)廠后(hou)到達用戶外(wai)來(lai)能(neng)及時安裝(zhuang)使用，造成(cheng)長(chang)期貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun)，溫(wen)度高(gao)低對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有很(hen)大(da)影響(xiang)，長(chang)期貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun)勢(shi)必(bi)造成(cheng)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會引(yin)起容量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足。　2）正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕，變形引(yin)起容量(liang)不(bu)足。鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)是(shi)影響(xiang)該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)工作(zuo)壽命的(de)(de)(de)主要因(yin)(yin)素(su)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)，尤其是(shi)深循下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)下(xia)(xia)降與正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)質(zhi)量(liang)偏差密切相關。　a.正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)柵上(shang)活性物質(zhi)軟化(hua)脫(tuo)落微觀上(shang)活性物質(zhi)中存(cun)(cun)在著大(da)孔(kong)(kong)和繳(jiao)孔(kong)(kong)，大(da)孔(kong)(kong)尺寸超過(guo)0.5cm，它是(shi)由許多(duo)小(xiao)孔(kong)(kong)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，隨著放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)進行(xing)，活性物表面收縮，形成(cheng)核心(xin)而(er)成(cheng)珊瑚狀(zhuang)結構(gou)(gou)，多(duo)次(ci)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)使用小(xiao)孔(kong)(kong)聚集(ji)增多(duo)，使大(da)孔(kong)(kong)不(bu)斷增加，破壞了正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)結構(gou)(gou)，導致(zhi)活性物脫(tuo)落。出(chu)現這些情況的(de)(de)(de)主要原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)是(shi)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所致(zhi)。避免發生應保證(zheng)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和避免出(chu)現過(guo)充(chong)或過(guo)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)現象。　b.正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)柵腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕變形　板(ban)(ban)柵的(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕速度取決于板(ban)(ban)柵合金的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成(cheng)，但(dan)儲存(cun)(cun)溫(wen)度越(yue)高(gao)，腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕速度越(yue)快，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度越(yue)深，腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕越(yue)嚴(yan)重(zhong)。　3)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)化(hua)　在正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常工作(zuo)中，負(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)PbSO4顆粒(li)小(xiao)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很(hen)容易恢(hui)復(fu)為絨狀(zhuang)鉛(qian)，但(dan)有的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)部生成(cheng)了難(nan)以(yi)(yi)還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)酸鉛(qian)，稱(cheng)為硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)化(hua)。 引(yin)起負(fu)極(ji)(ji)鹽(yan)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)很(hen)多(duo)，諸(zhu)如(ru)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)不(bu)能(neng)及時充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長(chang)期擱置(zhi)，引(yin)起嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液濃度過(guo)高(gao)，長(chang)期充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足，高(gao)溫(wen)下(xia)(xia)長(chang)期放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這種硫(liu)酸鉛(qian)用常規方法(fa)很(hen)難(nan)還(huan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，這樣活性物質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)減少勢(shi)必(bi)影響(xiang)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)。