電瓶充電器一般采用了進口電源模塊，是目前最新穎的高頻電子電路智能型自動充電器。損耗低、功效高。適用于12V、24V電瓶充電用，充電器還具有防反接功能，若不連接或極性反接則無電壓輸出，只有正確連接才能正常工作，還具有過壓、過流、過熱等保護.充電的原理是充電器的電壓高于電池的電壓，才能夠充電，二者之間的電動勢差越大，充電越快，充電電流越大，所以一般的24V充電器的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)最大(da)（空載）為28V，而60A是說的(de)(de)最大(da)出力(li)能(neng)力(li)，而你(ni)充電(dian)時，充電(dian)器已(yi)經有了負載，這時的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)時為電(dian)瓶正在充電(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，40A的(de)(de)電(dian)流為充電(dian)電(dian)流，這個電(dian)流會隨著充電(dian)的(de)(de)完成越(yue)來越(yue)小(xiao)。另外(wai)，充電(dian)電(dian)流的(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)和電(dian)瓶的(de)(de)容量(liang)大(da)小(xiao)也是有關系的(de)(de).

1.電瓶的種類和日常維護
　　目前(qian)(qian)，我們常(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)類,分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、干(gan)(gan)(gan)荷(he)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)免(mian)(mian)(mian)維(wei)護蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)三(san)(san)種(zhong)。普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)；普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)板是(shi)(shi)(shi)由鉛和(he)(he)鉛的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)物構成(cheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液是(shi)(shi)(shi)硫酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)溶液。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)優點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓穩(wen)定、價格便宜；缺點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)比能(neng)低(即每公斤蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)存(cun)儲的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng))、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命短和(he)(he)日(ri)常(chang)(chang)(chang)維(wei)護頻(pin)繁。干(gan)(gan)(gan)荷(he)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)：它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全稱是(shi)(shi)(shi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)式荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)特點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)負極(ji)板有(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力，在(zai)完全干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)，能(neng)在(zai)兩年內保(bao)存(cun)所得(de)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時，只需(xu)加(jia)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液，等過20―30分(fen)鐘就(jiu)可使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。免(mian)(mian)(mian)維(wei)護蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)：免(mian)(mian)(mian)維(wei)護蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)由于自(zi)身結構上的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)耗量(liang)(liang)(liang)非(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)小(xiao)，在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命內基本不(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)補(bu)充蒸餾水(shui)(shui)。它(ta)還具有(you)耐(nai)震、耐(nai)高溫、體積小(xiao)、自(zi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)。使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍。市場上的(de)(de)(de)(de)免(mian)(mian)(mian)維(wei)護蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)也有(you)兩種(zhong)：第(di)一(yi)種(zhong)在(zai)購買時一(yi)次性加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液以(yi)(yi)后使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中不(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)維(wei)護(添加(jia)補(bu)充液)；另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)本身出(chu)(chu)廠(chang)時就(jiu)已(yi)經加(jia)好(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液并封死，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)根(gen)本就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)加(jia)補(bu)充液。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正確(que)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)(he)維(wei)護主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)7點(dian):1、檢(jian)查蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)支(zhi)架上的(de)(de)(de)(de)固定螺(luo)栓是(shi)(shi)(shi)否擰緊,安(an)裝不(bu)(bu)(bu)牢靠會(hui)因(yin)行車(che)震動而引起殼體損(sun)壞。另(ling)外不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)將金屬物放(fang)(fang)在(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)上以(yi)(yi)防(fang)短路(lu)。2、時常(chang)(chang)(chang)查看(kan)極(ji)柱和(he)(he)接線(xian)頭連接得(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否可靠。為(wei)(wei)防(fang)止(zhi)接線(xian)柱氧(yang)化(hua)可以(yi)(yi)涂抹(mo)凡(fan)士林等保(bao)護劑。3、不(bu)(bu)(bu)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)直接打火(huo)(短路(lu)試驗)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法檢(jian)查蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)這樣(yang)會(hui)對蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)損(sun)害。4、普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)要(yao)(yao)注意定期添加(jia)蒸餾水(shui)(shui)。干(gan)(gan)(gan)荷(he)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之前(qian)(qian)最好(hao)適當(dang)(dang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。至(zhi)于可加(jia)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)免(mian)(mian)(mian)維(wei)護蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)維(wei)護適當(dang)(dang)查看(kan)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)時補(bu)充蒸餾水(shui)(shui)有(you)助(zhu)于延長使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命。5、蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)蓋上的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)孔應通(tong)(tong)暢。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時會(hui)產生大量(liang)(liang)(liang)氣(qi)泡若通(tong)(tong)氣(qi)孔被(bei)堵塞使(shi)(shi)氣(qi)體不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)逸出(chu)(chu)當(dang)(dang)壓力增大到(dao)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度后就(jiu)會(hui)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)殼體炸裂(lie)。6、在(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)柱和(he)(he)蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)圍常(chang)(chang)(chang)會(hui)有(you)黃白色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)糊狀(zhuang)物,這是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)硫酸(suan)腐蝕了根(gen)柱、線(xian)卡(ka)、固定架等造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這些物質的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻很(hen)大，要(yao)(yao)及時清除(chu)。7、當(dang)(dang)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兩塊蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)串(chuan)聯(lian)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)最好(hao)相等。否則(ze)會(hui)影響(xiang)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命

2.影響電瓶容量和使用壽命的幾種情況
　　引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量不(bu)足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)很多(duo)，主(zhu)(zhu)要分以下(xia)幾方面(mian)　1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)出(chu)廠(chang)后(hou)到達用(yong)戶外(wai)來能(neng)及(ji)時(shi)安裝(zhuang)使(shi)用(yong)，造(zao)成(cheng)長(chang)期貯存，溫度(du)(du)(du)高低(di)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有很大(da)影(ying)響(xiang)，長(chang)期貯存勢必造(zao)成(cheng)自放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會引起(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足(zu)。　2）正(zheng)極板(ban)腐(fu)蝕(shi)，變形(xing)引起(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量不(bu)足(zu)。鉛酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)極板(ban)是(shi)影(ying)響(xiang)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)工(gong)作壽命的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要因(yin)(yin)素。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量，尤其是(shi)深循(xun)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量下(xia)降與正(zheng)極板(ban)質量偏差密(mi)切相關。　a.正(zheng)極板(ban)柵(zha)上(shang)活性(xing)物質軟化(hua)脫落微觀(guan)上(shang)活性(xing)物質中(zhong)存在著大(da)孔(kong)和(he)繳(jiao)孔(kong)，大(da)孔(kong)尺寸(cun)超過(guo)0.5cm，它是(shi)由許多(duo)小(xiao)(xiao)孔(kong)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，隨著放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進行(xing)，活性(xing)物表面(mian)收縮，形(xing)成(cheng)核心而成(cheng)珊瑚狀結構(gou)，多(duo)次放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環使(shi)用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)孔(kong)聚(ju)集(ji)增多(duo)，使(shi)大(da)孔(kong)不(bu)斷增加，破壞了正(zheng)極結構(gou)，導致活性(xing)物脫落。出(chu)現這些情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要原因(yin)(yin)是(shi)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)致。避(bi)免發生應保證充(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)避(bi)免出(chu)現過(guo)充(chong)或(huo)過(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。　b.正(zheng)極板(ban)柵(zha)腐(fu)蝕(shi)變形(xing)　板(ban)柵(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)取(qu)決于板(ban)柵(zha)合金的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成(cheng)，但儲(chu)存溫度(du)(du)(du)越(yue)高，腐(fu)蝕(shi)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)越(yue)快(kuai)，放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)(du)(du)越(yue)深，腐(fu)蝕(shi)越(yue)嚴重(zhong)。　3)負(fu)極板(ban)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)　在正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)作中(zhong)，負(fu)極板(ban)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)PbSO4顆(ke)粒小(xiao)(xiao)，放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)易(yi)恢復(fu)為絨狀鉛，但有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部生成(cheng)了難以還原的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛，稱為硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)。 引起(qi)負(fu)極鹽(yan)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)很多(duo)，諸如放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)不(bu)能(neng)及(ji)時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)長(chang)期擱置(zhi)，引起(qi)嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)過(guo)高，長(chang)期充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足(zu)，高溫下(xia)長(chang)期放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這種硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛用(yong)常(chang)規方法很難還原，這樣活性(xing)物質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減少勢必影(ying)響(xiang)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量。