電瓶充電器一般采用了進口電源模塊，是目前最新穎的高頻電子電路智能型自動充電器。損耗低、功效高。適用于12V、24V電瓶充電用，充電器還具有防反接功能，若不連接或極性反接則無電壓輸出，只有正確連接才能正常工作，還具有過壓、過流、過熱等保護.充電的原理是充電器的電壓高于電池的電壓，才能夠充電，二者之間的電動勢差越大，充電越快，充電電流越大，所以一般的24V充電器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)最(zui)大(da)（空載(zai)）為(wei)28V，而60A是說的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)出力能(neng)力，而你充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器已經有(you)了負載(zai)，這時的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)正(zheng)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，40A的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)完成越(yue)來越(yue)小(xiao)。另(ling)外，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)大(da)小(xiao)也是有(you)關系的(de)(de).

1.電瓶的種類和日常維護
　　目(mu)前(qian)，我(wo)們(men)常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)主要(yao)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)三(san)類,分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)普通(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、干(gan)荷蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和免維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)三(san)種(zhong)。普通(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)；普通(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)板是(shi)(shi)由鉛和鉛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)(wu)構(gou)成(cheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)硫(liu)酸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水溶液(ye)(ye)。它(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)優點是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穩(wen)定、價格便宜；缺點是(shi)(shi)比能(neng)低(di)(即每公斤蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)存儲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng))、使(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)短和日(ri)常(chang)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)頻(pin)繁(fan)。干(gan)荷蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)：它(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)稱是(shi)(shi)干(gan)式荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，它(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)特點是(shi)(shi)負(fu)極(ji)板有較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力，在(zai)完全(quan)(quan)干(gan)燥(zao)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下，能(neng)在(zai)兩年內保(bao)存所(suo)得到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，使(shi)用時(shi)(shi)，只需加入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)，等(deng)(deng)(deng)過(guo)20―30分(fen)鐘(zhong)就(jiu)可(ke)使(shi)用。免維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)：免維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)由于自身結構(gou)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消耗量(liang)非(fei)常(chang)小，在(zai)使(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)內基本(ben)不(bu)需要(yao)補(bu)充(chong)蒸餾水。它(ta)(ta)(ta)還具有耐震(zhen)、耐高溫、體積小、自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。使(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)普通(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)。市場上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)也(ye)有兩種(zhong)：第一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)在(zai)購買時(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)次性加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)以后(hou)使(shi)用中不(bu)需要(yao)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(添(tian)加補(bu)充(chong)液(ye)(ye))；另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)本(ben)身出(chu)廠時(shi)(shi)就(jiu)已經加好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)并封死，用戶根(gen)本(ben)就(jiu)不(bu)能(neng)加補(bu)充(chong)液(ye)(ye)。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正確使(shi)用和維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)主要(yao)有以下7點:1、檢查(cha)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)支架(jia)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固定螺栓是(shi)(shi)否擰(ning)緊,安裝(zhuang)不(bu)牢靠會(hui)(hui)因行車(che)震(zhen)動而引(yin)起殼體損(sun)壞。另外不(bu)要(yao)將金(jin)屬物(wu)(wu)放在(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)上以防短路。2、時(shi)(shi)常(chang)查(cha)看極(ji)柱和接(jie)線頭連接(jie)得是(shi)(shi)否可(ke)靠。為(wei)(wei)防止(zhi)接(jie)線柱氧(yang)化(hua)可(ke)以涂抹(mo)凡士林(lin)等(deng)(deng)(deng)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)劑。3、不(bu)可(ke)用直接(jie)打火(短路試驗(yan))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法檢查(cha)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)這(zhe)樣會(hui)(hui)對蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)造成(cheng)損(sun)害。4、普通(tong)鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)要(yao)注意定期(qi)添(tian)加蒸餾水。干(gan)荷蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)使(shi)用之前(qian)最好適當(dang)(dang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。至(zhi)于可(ke)加水的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)能(neng)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)適當(dang)(dang)查(cha)看必要(yao)時(shi)(shi)補(bu)充(chong)蒸餾水有助于延(yan)長(chang)使(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)。5、蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)蓋上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣孔(kong)應通(tong)暢。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)會(hui)(hui)產(chan)生大(da)量(liang)氣泡若通(tong)氣孔(kong)被堵塞使(shi)氣體不(bu)能(neng)逸出(chu)當(dang)(dang)壓(ya)力增大(da)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度后(hou)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)造成(cheng)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)殼體炸裂。6、在(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)柱和蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周圍常(chang)會(hui)(hui)有黃白色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糊狀(zhuang)物(wu)(wu),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)硫(liu)酸腐(fu)蝕了根(gen)柱、線卡、固定架(jia)等(deng)(deng)(deng)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)些物(wu)(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻很大(da)，要(yao)及時(shi)(shi)清除。7、當(dang)(dang)需要(yao)用兩塊蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)串聯使(shi)用時(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)最好相等(deng)(deng)(deng)。否則會(hui)(hui)影響蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)

2.影響電瓶容量和使用壽命的幾種情況
　　引(yin)(yin)起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)不足(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)原因很(hen)多(duo)(duo)，主要分以下(xia)幾方(fang)面　1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)出(chu)廠后到(dao)達用戶外(wai)來能及(ji)時安裝使用，造成(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)期貯存，溫(wen)度(du)(du)高(gao)低對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)很(hen)大(da)(da)影響，長(chang)期貯存勢必造成(cheng)(cheng)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)會引(yin)(yin)起(qi)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)不足(zu)(zu)。　2）正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)腐(fu)蝕，變形(xing)引(yin)(yin)起(qi)容(rong)量(liang)不足(zu)(zu)。鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)是(shi)(shi)影響該電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)工作(zuo)(zuo)壽(shou)命的(de)(de)(de)主要因素。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)，尤其是(shi)(shi)深(shen)循(xun)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)下(xia)降與正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)質(zhi)量(liang)偏差密切相關(guan)。　a.正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)柵(zha)(zha)上活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)軟化(hua)(hua)脫落(luo)微觀上活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)中(zhong)存在著(zhu)大(da)(da)孔和繳孔，大(da)(da)孔尺寸超過(guo)0.5cm，它是(shi)(shi)由許多(duo)(duo)小孔組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，隨著(zhu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行(xing)，活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)物(wu)表面收(shou)縮，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)核心而成(cheng)(cheng)珊瑚狀(zhuang)結(jie)構，多(duo)(duo)次放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環(huan)使用小孔聚集(ji)增(zeng)多(duo)(duo)，使大(da)(da)孔不斷增(zeng)加(jia)，破(po)壞了(le)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)構，導致(zhi)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)物(wu)脫落(luo)。出(chu)現這(zhe)些情(qing)況的(de)(de)(de)主要原因是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所致(zhi)。避(bi)免發(fa)生應保證充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和避(bi)免出(chu)現過(guo)充(chong)或過(guo)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)現象。　b.正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)柵(zha)(zha)腐(fu)蝕變形(xing)　板(ban)柵(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕速度(du)(du)取決于板(ban)柵(zha)(zha)合金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)組成(cheng)(cheng)，但(dan)儲存溫(wen)度(du)(du)越(yue)高(gao)，腐(fu)蝕速度(du)(du)越(yue)快(kuai)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)(du)越(yue)深(shen)，腐(fu)蝕越(yue)嚴(yan)重。　3)負極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)硫酸(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)　在正(zheng)常工作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)，負極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)上的(de)(de)(de)PbSO4顆粒小，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)很(hen)容(rong)易恢復為(wei)(wei)絨狀(zhuang)鉛，但(dan)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)時候電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部生成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)難以還原的(de)(de)(de)硫酸(suan)鉛，稱為(wei)(wei)硫酸(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)。 引(yin)(yin)起(qi)負極(ji)(ji)(ji)鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)原因很(hen)多(duo)(duo)，諸如(ru)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后不能及(ji)時充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)長(chang)期擱置，引(yin)(yin)起(qi)嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)濃度(du)(du)過(guo)高(gao)，長(chang)期充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不足(zu)(zu)，高(gao)溫(wen)下(xia)長(chang)期放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)種硫酸(suan)鉛用常規方(fang)法很(hen)難還原，這(zhe)樣活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)減少(shao)勢必影響到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)。