電瓶充電器一般采用了進口電源模塊，是目前最新穎的高頻電子電路智能型自動充電器。損耗低、功效高。適用于12V、24V電瓶充電用，充電器還具有防反接功能，若不連接或極性反接則無電壓輸出，只有正確連接才能正常工作，還具有過壓、過流、過熱等保護.充電的原理是充電器的電壓高于電池的電壓，才能夠充電，二者之間的電動勢差越大，充電越快，充電電流越大，所以一般的24V充電器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓最(zui)大（空載）為(wei)(wei)28V，而(er)60A是(shi)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大出力能力，而(er)你(ni)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)已經有了負(fu)載，這時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)正在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，40A的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)(wei)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會(hui)隨著(zhu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完成(cheng)越來越小。另外(wai)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容量大小也是(shi)有關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de).

1.電瓶的種類和日常維護
　　目前，我們常(chang)(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)為(wei)三(san)類(lei),分(fen)別為(wei)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、干(gan)荷蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)免(mian)(mian)(mian)維(wei)(wei)護蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)。普(pu)(pu)通(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)；普(pu)(pu)通(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極板是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)鉛和(he)鉛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧化物構成，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)硫酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)優(you)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓穩定(ding)(ding)、價格便宜(yi)；缺點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)比能低(即每公斤蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)存儲(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能)、使用(yong)壽命短(duan)和(he)日常(chang)(chang)維(wei)(wei)護頻繁。干(gan)荷蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)：它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全稱是(shi)(shi)(shi)干(gan)式荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)特點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)負(fu)極板有(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力(li)，在(zai)(zai)完(wan)全干(gan)燥狀態下(xia)，能在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)年內保(bao)存所(suo)得(de)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，使用(yong)時，只需加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，等過(guo)20―30分(fen)鐘就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)使用(yong)。免(mian)(mian)(mian)維(wei)(wei)護蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)：免(mian)(mian)(mian)維(wei)(wei)護蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)由(you)于(yu)自身結構上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消耗量(liang)非常(chang)(chang)小(xiao)，在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)壽命內基本不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)補充(chong)(chong)蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)。它(ta)還具有(you)耐(nai)震(zhen)、耐(nai)高溫、體積小(xiao)、自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)。使用(yong)壽命一(yi)般為(wei)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)倍。市場上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免(mian)(mian)(mian)維(wei)(wei)護蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)也(ye)有(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)：第一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)購買(mai)時一(yi)次性加(jia)(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)以(yi)后(hou)使用(yong)中不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)維(wei)(wei)護(添加(jia)(jia)(jia)補充(chong)(chong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye))；另一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)本身出廠時就(jiu)(jiu)已經加(jia)(jia)(jia)好(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)并封(feng)死，用(yong)戶根(gen)本就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)能加(jia)(jia)(jia)補充(chong)(chong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)確使用(yong)和(he)維(wei)(wei)護主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)以(yi)下(xia)7點(dian):1、檢查蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)支架上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)螺栓是(shi)(shi)(shi)否擰緊,安裝不(bu)牢靠會因(yin)行車震(zhen)動而(er)引起殼體損壞。另外不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)金屬物放在(zai)(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)上(shang)以(yi)防(fang)短(duan)路。2、時常(chang)(chang)查看極柱(zhu)和(he)接(jie)線(xian)頭連接(jie)得(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否可(ke)靠。為(wei)防(fang)止接(jie)線(xian)柱(zhu)氧化可(ke)以(yi)涂抹凡(fan)士林(lin)等保(bao)護劑。3、不(bu)可(ke)用(yong)直接(jie)打火(短(duan)路試驗)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)檢查蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)這樣會對蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)成損害。4、普(pu)(pu)通(tong)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意定(ding)(ding)期添加(jia)(jia)(jia)蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)。干(gan)荷蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)之(zhi)前最(zui)好(hao)適當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。至于(yu)可(ke)加(jia)(jia)(jia)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免(mian)(mian)(mian)維(wei)(wei)護蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)能維(wei)(wei)護適當(dang)查看必要(yao)(yao)(yao)時補充(chong)(chong)蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)有(you)助于(yu)延長使用(yong)壽命。5、蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)蓋上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣孔應通(tong)暢。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時會產(chan)生大量(liang)氣泡若通(tong)氣孔被堵(du)塞使氣體不(bu)能逸出當(dang)壓力(li)增大到一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度后(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)會造(zao)成蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)殼體炸裂(lie)。6、在(zai)(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)極柱(zhu)和(he)蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周圍常(chang)(chang)會有(you)黃(huang)白色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糊(hu)狀物,這是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)硫酸(suan)腐蝕了根(gen)柱(zhu)、線(xian)卡、固(gu)定(ding)(ding)架等造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這些物質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻很大，要(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)時清除。7、當(dang)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)塊蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)串聯(lian)使用(yong)時蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)最(zui)好(hao)相等。否則會影響蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命

2.影響電瓶容量和使用壽命的幾種情況
　　引起(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)很(hen)多，主要(yao)分(fen)以下幾方(fang)面　1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)出廠后(hou)到(dao)達用戶外來(lai)能及(ji)時安裝使(shi)用，造成(cheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun)，溫度(du)高低對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)自放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有很(hen)大影(ying)響，長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun)勢(shi)必(bi)(bi)造成(cheng)自放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會引起(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足。　2）正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)板腐(fu)蝕(shi)，變(bian)形(xing)引起(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)足。鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)板是(shi)影(ying)響該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)工作壽命的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)因(yin)素。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)，尤其是(shi)深(shen)循下的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)下降與(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)板質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)偏差密切(qie)相關。　a.正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)板柵上活性物(wu)質(zhi)軟化(hua)脫落(luo)微觀上活性物(wu)質(zhi)中存(cun)(cun)在(zai)著大孔(kong)和繳孔(kong)，大孔(kong)尺寸超(chao)過(guo)(guo)0.5cm，它是(shi)由許多小孔(kong)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，隨著放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環的(de)(de)(de)進行(xing)，活性物(wu)表面收縮，形(xing)成(cheng)核(he)心而成(cheng)珊瑚(hu)狀結構(gou)，多次放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環使(shi)用小孔(kong)聚集增多，使(shi)大孔(kong)不(bu)(bu)斷增加(jia)，破壞(huai)了(le)正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)結構(gou)，導致(zhi)活性物(wu)脫落(luo)。出現這(zhe)些情況的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)致(zhi)。避(bi)免發生應(ying)保證充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和避(bi)免出現過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)或過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)現象。　b.正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)板柵腐(fu)蝕(shi)變(bian)形(xing)　板柵的(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)速度(du)取(qu)決于(yu)板柵合金的(de)(de)(de)組成(cheng)，但(dan)儲存(cun)(cun)溫度(du)越(yue)高，腐(fu)蝕(shi)速度(du)越(yue)快，放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)越(yue)深(shen)，腐(fu)蝕(shi)越(yue)嚴重。　3)負極(ji)板硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鹽化(hua)　在(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)常工作中，負極(ji)板上的(de)(de)(de)PbSO4顆粒小，放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)恢復為絨狀鉛(qian)(qian)，但(dan)有的(de)(de)(de)時候電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部生成(cheng)了(le)難以還原(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)，稱為硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鹽化(hua)。 引起(qi)(qi)負極(ji)鹽化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)很(hen)多，諸如(ru)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)不(bu)(bu)能及(ji)時充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)擱置，引起(qi)(qi)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)自放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)濃(nong)度(du)過(guo)(guo)高，長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)足，高溫下長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)種硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)用常規方(fang)法很(hen)難還原(yuan)，這(zhe)樣活性物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)減少(shao)勢(shi)必(bi)(bi)影(ying)響到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)。