充電器的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)：用有(you)(you)、無工(gong)頻（50赫茲）變壓(ya)器區分(fen)(fen)，可分(fen)(fen)為兩(liang)大類(lei)(lei)。貨運三輪(lun)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器一般使(shi)用帶工(gong)頻變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)，體積大、重量大，費電(dian)，但(dan)(dan)是可靠，便宜；電(dian)動自行車和(he)(he)電(dian)摩則使(shi)用所謂開(kai)關電(dian)源(yuan)式(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器，省電(dian)，效率高，但(dan)(dan)是易壞。 常(chang)(chang)用的(de)(de)開(kai)關電(dian)源(yuan)式(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器又分(fen)(fen)半橋式(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)單激(ji)(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)兩(liang)大類(lei)(lei)，單激(ji)(ji)(ji)類(lei)(lei)又分(fen)(fen)為正激(ji)(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)反(fan)激(ji)(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)兩(liang)類(lei)(lei)。半橋式(shi)(shi)成(cheng)本(ben)高，性能好，常(chang)(chang)用于(yu)帶負脈沖(chong)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器；單激(ji)(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)成(cheng)本(ben)低，市場(chang)占有(you)(you)率高。

鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池已經有100多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)歷史了，開始全球普遍沿引(yin)老的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點(dian)和(he)操作規程：充、放電(dian)(dian)率為(wei)0.1C（C是電(dian)(dian)池容量）壽命較(jiao)長。美國人麥(mai)斯先生(sheng)為(wei)解決快速充電(dian)(dian)問題，1967年(nian)向全世界公布了他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)研究成(cheng)果(guo)，用(yong)大于1C率脈沖電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)間(jian)歇(xie)時對電(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)。放電(dian)(dian)有利于消(xiao)除極化(hua)、降低電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)溫度、提高極板接受(shou)電(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)能力(li)。

我國一些科技工作者在1969年前后(hou)，根據麥(mai)斯先生的(de)三定律制(zhi)作成功了多種品牌的(de)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過程是：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)(duan)(duan)暫放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停(ting)止放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通(tong)(tong)(tong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……2000年前后(hou)，有人將(jiang)這一原理用(yong)到(dao)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)中，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，不(bu)切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，用(yong)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)瞬間(jian)，進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)時由于不(bu)切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中串連了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一般在1秒(miao)內(nei)短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)3－5毫秒(miao)（1秒(miao)＝1000毫秒(miao)），由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感里的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不(bu)能(neng)跳變，短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)時間(jian)短(duan)(duan)(duan)促，可(ke)以(yi)保護充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)轉換部分(fen)。如果把充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流方向叫(jiao)正(zheng)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然為(wei)負(fu)了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)業就出現了名(ming)詞“負(fu)脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)”，而且稱可(ke)以(yi)延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命等等。

近幾年，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車普(pu)遍使用(yong)了所謂三(san)段(duan)(duan)(duan)式(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，第(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)二(er)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)三(san)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)涓流(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子技術角度(du)針對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池而言(yan)：第(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)限流(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)二(er)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)高(gao)恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)三(san)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)低恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)比較(jiao)貼切。第(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)轉(zhuan)換時，面板指示燈相(xiang)應變(bian)換，大多數充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)第(di)一(yi)、二(er)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)是(shi)紅燈，第(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)變(bian)綠燈。第(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)相(xiang)互(hu)轉(zhuan)換是(shi)由充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)決定的(de)，大于某(mou)(mou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)入第(di)一(yi)第(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，小于某(mou)(mou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)入第(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。這個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)叫(jiao)轉(zhuan)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，也叫(jiao)轉(zhuan)折(zhe)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。

買新充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器要(yao)(yao)檢查三(san)段(duan)式充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的三(san)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數，第一(yi)(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數是(shi)涓流階(jie)段(duan)的低恒(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)，第二(er)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數是(shi)第二(er)階(jie)段(duan)的高恒(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)，第三(san)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數是(shi)轉換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。這(zhe)三(san)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池數目有(you)關(guan)(guan)，與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的容(rong)量Ah有(you)關(guan)(guan)，與(yu)溫度(du)有(you)關(guan)(guan)，與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池種類有(you)關(guan)(guan)。用戶一(yi)(yi)般可以自己測(ce)得第三(san)階(jie)段(duan)的低恒(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)。方法是(shi)，不接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，給(gei)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器加(jia)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用數字萬用表的200V直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檔測(ce)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。另兩個(ge)參(can)(can)(can)(can)數高恒(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)和轉折電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流一(yi)(yi)般需(xu)要(yao)(yao)專用工具才能(neng)測(ce)得。

開關電(dian)(dian)源式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的正(zheng)確操作是：充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，先(xian)插(cha)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，后加市電(dian)(dian)；充(chong)足后，先(xian)切(qie)斷市電(dian)(dian)，后拔電(dian)(dian)池(chi)插(cha)頭(tou)。如果在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)先(xian)拔電(dian)(dian)池(chi)插(cha)頭(tou)，特別是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流大(da)（紅燈）時(shi)，非常容易損壞充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。

此外(wai)還需注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)是：1，變綠燈(deng)后(hou)再接著(zhu)充2－3小(xiao)時。2，原則是淺放(fang)(fang)(fang)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）勤充（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)），就(jiu)是騎(qi)(qi)行不(bu)足(zu)夠(gou)遠，也要(yao)(yao)及時充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，避免放(fang)(fang)(fang)光(guang)再充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。3，長期不(bu)騎(qi)(qi)，要(yao)(yao)定期（2－3個(ge)月(yue)）充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)次。4，長期淺放(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，3個(ge)月(yue)左右，作(zuo)一(yi)(yi)次深放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就(jiu)是所謂放(fang)(fang)(fang)光(guang)再充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有利(li)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)深部的(de)(de)(de)長期不(bu)動的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)活化。放(fang)(fang)(fang)光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思是，騎(qi)(qi)到(dao)控制器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)欠壓(ya)(ya)保護動作(zuo)為止。5， 一(yi)(yi)般新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)投入使用(yong)8－10個(ge)月(yue)后(hou)，要(yao)(yao)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)(jin)行檢查和維護。6，一(yi)(yi)般名牌(pai)車配套的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器是經(jing)過篩選的(de)(de)(de)，通常不(bu)用(yong)測試(shi)，但是單(dan)獨(du)到(dao)市(shi)場上采(cai)購的(de)(de)(de)非配套充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，一(yi)(yi)定要(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)行前(qian)述三個(ge)參數的(de)(de)(de)測試(shi)。7，有一(yi)(yi)種不(bu)帶工頻變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)可控硅充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，直接整流(liu)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可到(dao)30A，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)12V－80V可調，未徹底切斷市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)，千萬(wan)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)摸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，貨運三輪(lun)使用(yong)這類(lei)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)客戶特別要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)安全。