充電器的分類(lei)：用(yong)(yong)有、無工頻(pin)（50赫茲）變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)區分，可(ke)分為兩(liang)大(da)(da)類(lei)。貨運三輪充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)一般使用(yong)(yong)帶(dai)(dai)工頻(pin)變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機，體積大(da)(da)、重量大(da)(da)，費(fei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，但是可(ke)靠(kao)，便宜；電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)摩則使用(yong)(yong)所謂開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，省電(dian)(dian)(dian)，效率(lv)高(gao)，但是易壞(huai)。 常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)又分半(ban)橋式(shi)和(he)單(dan)激式(shi)兩(liang)大(da)(da)類(lei)，單(dan)激類(lei)又分為正(zheng)激式(shi)和(he)反激式(shi)兩(liang)類(lei)。半(ban)橋式(shi)成(cheng)本高(gao)，性能(neng)好(hao)，常(chang)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)帶(dai)(dai)負脈沖的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)；單(dan)激式(shi)成(cheng)本低，市場占有率(lv)高(gao)。

鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)已經(jing)有100多年的歷史了，開始全球普遍沿引老的觀(guan)點和操作(zuo)規程：充、放電(dian)(dian)率(lv)為0.1C（C是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量）壽(shou)命較長。美國(guo)人麥斯先(xian)生(sheng)為解(jie)決快(kuai)速(su)充電(dian)(dian)問(wen)題，1967年向全世(shi)界公布了他(ta)的研究成果，用大于1C率(lv)脈沖電(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)間(jian)歇時對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)。放電(dian)(dian)有利于消除極(ji)(ji)化、降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液溫度、提高極(ji)(ji)板接受(shou)電(dian)(dian)荷的能力。

我國一些科技工作(zuo)(zuo)者在1969年前(qian)后，根據麥斯先生的(de)(de)三定律(lv)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)成功了(le)多種品牌的(de)(de)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過程是(shi)：大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)(duan)暫放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止(zhi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通(tong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路→大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……2000年前(qian)后，有人將這一原(yuan)理用到了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，不切斷充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路，用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)(duan)路瞬間(jian)，進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)(duan)路時(shi)(shi)由(you)于不切斷充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路，在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路中串連(lian)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)。一般(ban)在1秒內短(duan)(duan)路3－5毫秒（1秒＝1000毫秒），由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)里的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不能跳變，短(duan)(duan)路時(shi)(shi)間(jian)短(duan)(duan)促，可以(yi)保護充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉換部分。如果把充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流方向叫正(zheng)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然為負了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)業就出現了(le)名詞“負脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器”，而且稱可以(yi)延(yan)長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命等(deng)等(deng)。

近幾年，電(dian)動(dong)車普遍使用了所謂三(san)段(duan)(duan)(duan)式充電(dian)器(qi)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一個階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)涓流(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。從電(dian)子技術角度針對(dui)電(dian)池而言(yan)：第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一個階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)充電(dian)限流(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)比較貼切(qie)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)轉換時，面板指示燈相應變(bian)(bian)換，大多數充電(dian)器(qi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一、二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)是紅(hong)燈，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)變(bian)(bian)綠燈。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)的相互轉換是由充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)決(jue)定的，大于某電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進入第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，小于某電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進入第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。這個電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)轉換電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，也(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)轉折電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。

買新充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)要檢查三(san)(san)段(duan)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)三(san)(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要參(can)(can)數，第(di)(di)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要參(can)(can)數是(shi)(shi)(shi)涓流階(jie)段(duan)的(de)低恒壓值，第(di)(di)二(er)個(ge)(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要參(can)(can)數是(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)段(duan)的(de)高恒壓值，第(di)(di)三(san)(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要參(can)(can)數是(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換電(dian)(dian)流。這三(san)(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要參(can)(can)數與(yu)電(dian)(dian)池數目有(you)(you)關，與(yu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)容(rong)量Ah有(you)(you)關，與(yu)溫度有(you)(you)關，與(yu)電(dian)(dian)池種類(lei)有(you)(you)關。用(yong)戶一般(ban)可以(yi)自(zi)己測(ce)得(de)第(di)(di)三(san)(san)階(jie)段(duan)的(de)低恒壓值。方法是(shi)(shi)(shi)，不接電(dian)(dian)池，給充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)加(jia)市電(dian)(dian)，用(yong)數字萬用(yong)表的(de)200V直流電(dian)(dian)壓檔測(ce)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓。另(ling)兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)參(can)(can)數高恒壓值和轉(zhuan)(zhuan)折電(dian)(dian)流一般(ban)需要專用(yong)工具才能測(ce)得(de)。

開關電(dian)(dian)源式充電(dian)(dian)器的正確(que)操(cao)作是(shi)：充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，先插電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，后(hou)加市電(dian)(dian)；充足(zu)后(hou)，先切斷市電(dian)(dian)，后(hou)拔電(dian)(dian)池(chi)插頭。如果在充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)先拔電(dian)(dian)池(chi)插頭，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)大（紅燈）時(shi)(shi)，非(fei)常(chang)容(rong)易損壞充電(dian)(dian)器。

此外還需注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)：1，變綠燈(deng)后再(zai)接著充(chong)(chong)2－3小時。2，原(yuan)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)淺放(fang)（電(dian)）勤充(chong)(chong)（電(dian)），就是(shi)(shi)(shi)騎(qi)行(xing)(xing)不(bu)足夠遠，也要及時充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，避免(mian)放(fang)光再(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。3，長(chang)期不(bu)騎(qi)，要定期（2－3個月(yue)）充(chong)(chong)電(dian)一(yi)(yi)次。4，長(chang)期淺放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，3個月(yue)左右，作一(yi)(yi)次深放(fang)電(dian)，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)謂放(fang)光再(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，有(you)利于電(dian)池(chi)(chi)深部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)期不(bu)動的(de)(de)(de)物質的(de)(de)(de)活化。放(fang)光的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思是(shi)(shi)(shi)，騎(qi)到(dao)控制器(qi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)欠壓保護動作為(wei)(wei)止。5， 一(yi)(yi)般新(xin)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)投入使用(yong)8－10個月(yue)后，要對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行(xing)(xing)檢查(cha)和維護。6，一(yi)(yi)般名牌車配套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)經過(guo)篩選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)，通(tong)常(chang)不(bu)用(yong)測(ce)試，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)獨到(dao)市(shi)場上(shang)采購的(de)(de)(de)非配套(tao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，一(yi)(yi)定要進行(xing)(xing)前(qian)述(shu)三個參數的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)試。7，有(you)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)不(bu)帶(dai)工頻變壓器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)可控硅充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)，直接整流(liu)市(shi)電(dian)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，電(dian)流(liu)可到(dao)30A，電(dian)壓12V－80V可調(diao)，未徹(che)底切斷市(shi)電(dian)前(qian)，千萬(wan)不(bu)要摸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，貨(huo)運三輪使用(yong)這類充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)客(ke)戶特(te)別(bie)要注意(yi)安全。