充電器的分類(lei)：用(yong)(yong)有、無(wu)工頻(pin)（50赫茲）變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)區分，可(ke)分為兩(liang)(liang)大(da)類(lei)。貨運三輪(lun)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)般使用(yong)(yong)帶工頻(pin)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)機，體積大(da)、重量大(da)，費電(dian)(dian)(dian)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)可(ke)靠，便(bian)宜；電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)摩(mo)則使用(yong)(yong)所(suo)謂開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)式(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，省電(dian)(dian)(dian)，效(xiao)率高(gao)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)易壞。 常用(yong)(yong)的開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)式(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)又分半橋式(shi)(shi)和(he)單(dan)(dan)激(ji)式(shi)(shi)兩(liang)(liang)大(da)類(lei)，單(dan)(dan)激(ji)類(lei)又分為正(zheng)激(ji)式(shi)(shi)和(he)反激(ji)式(shi)(shi)兩(liang)(liang)類(lei)。半橋式(shi)(shi)成本(ben)高(gao)，性能好(hao)，常用(yong)(yong)于(yu)帶負(fu)脈沖的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)；單(dan)(dan)激(ji)式(shi)(shi)成本(ben)低，市場占有率高(gao)。

鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池已經有(you)100多年的歷史了，開(kai)始全(quan)球普遍沿(yan)引老的觀點和操(cao)作規(gui)程(cheng)：充、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)率(lv)為(wei)0.1C（C是電(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量）壽命較長。美(mei)國人麥斯先生為(wei)解決快速充電(dian)(dian)問題，1967年向全(quan)世界公布(bu)了他的研(yan)究(jiu)成果(guo)，用(yong)大于(yu)1C率(lv)脈沖電(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)間歇時對電(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)有(you)利于(yu)消(xiao)除(chu)極化、降低電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)溫度、提高(gao)極板接受電(dian)(dian)荷的能力(li)。

我(wo)國一(yi)些科技工作者在1969年前后，根據(ju)麥斯先(xian)生的三定律制作成功了多種品牌的快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過程是：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)→對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)暫放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……2000年前后，有人將(jiang)這一(yi)原理用到(dao)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)，不切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)瞬間，進(jin)行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)時(shi)由于(yu)不切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)串連了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一(yi)般在1秒內短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)3－5毫秒（1秒＝1000毫秒），由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感里(li)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不能跳變，短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)時(shi)間短(duan)促，可(ke)以(yi)保護充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉換部分(fen)。如果把充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)方向(xiang)叫(jiao)正，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然為(wei)負(fu)(fu)了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車業就出現了名詞“負(fu)(fu)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器”，而且稱可(ke)以(yi)延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。

近幾年，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車普(pu)遍(bian)使用了所謂三(san)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)式充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)恒(heng)流(liu)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)恒(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)涓流(liu)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子技術角度針對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池而言：第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)限(xian)流(liu)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高恒(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低恒(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)比較貼切。第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)時，面板指示燈(deng)相應(ying)變換(huan)，大多(duo)數充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)、二(er)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是紅燈(deng)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)變綠(lv)燈(deng)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的相互轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)是由充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)決定的，大于某電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進(jin)入第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，小于某電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進(jin)入第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，也叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)折電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。

買新充電器(qi)(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)檢查三(san)段(duan)(duan)式充電器(qi)(qi)的(de)三(san)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)，第(di)(di)一個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)是(shi)涓流(liu)(liu)階段(duan)(duan)的(de)低(di)恒(heng)壓值(zhi)，第(di)(di)二(er)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)是(shi)第(di)(di)二(er)階段(duan)(duan)的(de)高恒(heng)壓值(zhi)，第(di)(di)三(san)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)是(shi)轉(zhuan)換電流(liu)(liu)。這三(san)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)與電池數(shu)目有關(guan)，與電池的(de)容量Ah有關(guan)，與溫(wen)度有關(guan)，與電池種類(lei)有關(guan)。用(yong)戶一般可以自己測(ce)(ce)得(de)(de)第(di)(di)三(san)階段(duan)(duan)的(de)低(di)恒(heng)壓值(zhi)。方法是(shi)，不接電池，給充電器(qi)(qi)加市(shi)電，用(yong)數(shu)字(zi)萬用(yong)表的(de)200V直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電壓檔測(ce)(ce)充電器(qi)(qi)的(de)輸出電壓。另(ling)兩個(ge)參(can)數(shu)高恒(heng)壓值(zhi)和轉(zhuan)折電流(liu)(liu)一般需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)專用(yong)工具(ju)才能測(ce)(ce)得(de)(de)。

開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)正確操作是(shi)：充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，先(xian)(xian)插(cha)(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，后加市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；充(chong)足(zu)后，先(xian)(xian)切(qie)斷市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，后拔(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池插(cha)(cha)頭。如果在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)先(xian)(xian)拔(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池插(cha)(cha)頭，特別是(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大（紅燈）時(shi)，非常(chang)容易(yi)損(sun)壞充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。

此(ci)外還需注意的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)：1，變(bian)綠燈后再接(jie)著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)2－3小時(shi)。2，原則是(shi)淺放(fang)（電(dian)(dian)）勤(qin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（電(dian)(dian)），就是(shi)騎(qi)行不(bu)(bu)足夠遠，也要及時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，避免放(fang)光再充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。3，長期(qi)不(bu)(bu)騎(qi)，要定期(qi)（2－3個(ge)月）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次。4，長期(qi)淺放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池，3個(ge)月左右，作(zuo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次深放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，就是(shi)所謂(wei)放(fang)光再充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，有利(li)于電(dian)(dian)池深部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)長期(qi)不(bu)(bu)動的(de)(de)(de)物質的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)化(hua)。放(fang)光的(de)(de)(de)意思是(shi)，騎(qi)到控制器(qi)電(dian)(dian)池欠(qian)壓(ya)保護動作(zuo)為止(zhi)。5， 一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般新電(dian)(dian)池投入使(shi)用(yong)8－10個(ge)月后，要對電(dian)(dian)池進行檢查和維護。6，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般名牌(pai)車配套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)是(shi)經過篩選的(de)(de)(de)，通常不(bu)(bu)用(yong)測(ce)試(shi)，但(dan)是(shi)單獨(du)到市(shi)(shi)場上采購的(de)(de)(de)非配套(tao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定要進行前述(shu)三個(ge)參數的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)試(shi)。7，有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種不(bu)(bu)帶工頻變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)可控硅充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機，直接(jie)整流市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)流可到30A，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)12V－80V可調，未(wei)徹底切斷(duan)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)前，千萬不(bu)(bu)要摸電(dian)(dian)池，貨運(yun)三輪(lun)使(shi)用(yong)這類(lei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)客戶(hu)特別要注意安全。