充電器的(de)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)：用(yong)有、無(wu)工頻(pin)（50赫茲）變壓器(qi)(qi)區分(fen)(fen)，可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為兩大類(lei)。貨(huo)運三(san)輪(lun)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)般使用(yong)帶工頻(pin)變壓器(qi)(qi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)機，體積(ji)大、重量大，費(fei)電(dian)，但(dan)是可(ke)靠，便宜(yi)；電(dian)動自(zi)行車和(he)電(dian)摩則(ze)使用(yong)所謂開關電(dian)源(yuan)式(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)，省電(dian)，效率(lv)高，但(dan)是易壞。 常(chang)用(yong)的(de)開關電(dian)源(yuan)式(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)又分(fen)(fen)半(ban)橋(qiao)式(shi)(shi)和(he)單(dan)激(ji)式(shi)(shi)兩大類(lei)，單(dan)激(ji)類(lei)又分(fen)(fen)為正激(ji)式(shi)(shi)和(he)反激(ji)式(shi)(shi)兩類(lei)。半(ban)橋(qiao)式(shi)(shi)成本高，性能好，常(chang)用(yong)于帶負脈沖的(de)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)；單(dan)激(ji)式(shi)(shi)成本低，市場占有率(lv)高。

鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已經有100多年(nian)的歷(li)史了(le)，開始全(quan)球普遍(bian)沿引老的觀點和操作(zuo)規程：充(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率為0.1C（C是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量）壽命(ming)較(jiao)長。美(mei)國人麥(mai)斯先(xian)生(sheng)為解決快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)問題，1967年(nian)向全(quan)世(shi)界公(gong)布了(le)他(ta)的研究成果，用大于(yu)1C率脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間歇(xie)時(shi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有利(li)于(yu)消除極化、降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)溫度、提(ti)高極板接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的能力。

我國(guo)一(yi)些科技工作者在(zai)1969年前后，根據麥斯(si)先生的三定律制作成功(gong)了(le)(le)多種品牌的快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過程(cheng)是：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切(qie)斷(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)(duan)暫放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……2000年前后，有人(ren)將這一(yi)原理用到了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，不切(qie)斷(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)，用小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)瞬間，進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)(duan)路(lu)時由于不切(qie)斷(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)串連了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一(yi)般在(zai)1秒內(nei)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)3－5毫秒（1秒＝1000毫秒），由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感里的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不能跳變，短(duan)(duan)路(lu)時間短(duan)(duan)促，可以(yi)(yi)保(bao)護充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)轉換部分。如(ru)果把充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流方(fang)向叫正(zheng)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然為負了(le)(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)業就出現了(le)(le)名(ming)詞“負脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)”，而且稱(cheng)可以(yi)(yi)延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命等(deng)等(deng)。

近幾年，電(dian)動車普遍使用了(le)所謂三段(duan)(duan)式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器，第(di)(di)一個(ge)階段(duan)(duan)叫恒流(liu)階段(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)二(er)(er)個(ge)階段(duan)(duan)叫恒壓(ya)(ya)階段(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)三個(ge)階段(duan)(duan)叫涓(juan)流(liu)階段(duan)(duan)。從電(dian)子(zi)技(ji)術角度針(zhen)對電(dian)池而(er)言：第(di)(di)一個(ge)階段(duan)(duan)叫充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)限流(liu)階段(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)二(er)(er)個(ge)階段(duan)(duan)叫高恒壓(ya)(ya)階段(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)三個(ge)階段(duan)(duan)叫低恒壓(ya)(ya)階段(duan)(duan)比較貼切。第(di)(di)二(er)(er)階段(duan)(duan)和(he)第(di)(di)三階段(duan)(duan)轉(zhuan)換(huan)時，面板(ban)指示燈相應(ying)變(bian)換(huan)，大多數充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器第(di)(di)一、二(er)(er)階段(duan)(duan)是紅燈，第(di)(di)三階段(duan)(duan)變(bian)綠燈。第(di)(di)二(er)(er)階段(duan)(duan)和(he)第(di)(di)三階段(duan)(duan)的相互轉(zhuan)換(huan)是由充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)決(jue)定的，大于某電(dian)流(liu)進入第(di)(di)一第(di)(di)二(er)(er)階段(duan)(duan)，小于某電(dian)流(liu)進入第(di)(di)三階段(duan)(duan)。這(zhe)個(ge)電(dian)流(liu)叫轉(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)流(liu)，也叫轉(zhuan)折電(dian)流(liu)。

買(mai)新充(chong)電器(qi)要(yao)檢查三段(duan)(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電器(qi)的(de)三個(ge)(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)，第(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)是(shi)涓流(liu)階段(duan)(duan)的(de)低恒壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)，第(di)(di)二(er)個(ge)(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)是(shi)第(di)(di)二(er)階段(duan)(duan)的(de)高恒壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)，第(di)(di)三個(ge)(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)是(shi)轉(zhuan)換電流(liu)。這(zhe)三個(ge)(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)與電池(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)(shu)目有關，與電池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)容量Ah有關，與溫(wen)度有關，與電池(chi)(chi)(chi)種類有關。用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)一(yi)般可以自(zi)己測(ce)得第(di)(di)三階段(duan)(duan)的(de)低恒壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)。方法是(shi)，不接(jie)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)，給充(chong)電器(qi)加市電，用(yong)(yong)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)萬用(yong)(yong)表的(de)200V直流(liu)電壓(ya)(ya)檔測(ce)充(chong)電器(qi)的(de)輸出(chu)電壓(ya)(ya)。另兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)高恒壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)和轉(zhuan)折電流(liu)一(yi)般需要(yao)專用(yong)(yong)工具才能測(ce)得。

開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的正(zheng)確操作是：充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，先(xian)(xian)插(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，后(hou)加市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；充(chong)足(zu)后(hou)，先(xian)(xian)切斷市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，后(hou)拔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池插(cha)頭。如果在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)先(xian)(xian)拔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池插(cha)頭，特別是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大（紅燈(deng)）時(shi)，非常容易損(sun)壞充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。

此外還需注意(yi)的是：1，變綠燈后再(zai)接(jie)著充(chong)(chong)(chong)2－3小(xiao)時。2，原則是淺放(fang)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）勤充(chong)(chong)(chong)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)），就(jiu)是騎(qi)行(xing)(xing)不(bu)足夠遠，也要(yao)及(ji)時充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，避(bi)免放(fang)光(guang)再(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。3，長期(qi)(qi)不(bu)騎(qi)，要(yao)定期(qi)(qi)（2－3個(ge)(ge)月）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)次(ci)。4，長期(qi)(qi)淺放(fang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，3個(ge)(ge)月左右，作一(yi)次(ci)深(shen)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就(jiu)是所(suo)謂放(fang)光(guang)再(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有利于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)深(shen)部的長期(qi)(qi)不(bu)動的物質的活化。放(fang)光(guang)的意(yi)思是，騎(qi)到控(kong)制器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)欠壓(ya)(ya)保護動作為止。5， 一(yi)般(ban)新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)投入使用(yong)8－10個(ge)(ge)月后，要(yao)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)查和維護。6，一(yi)般(ban)名牌車配套(tao)(tao)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器是經過篩選(xuan)的，通常不(bu)用(yong)測(ce)試(shi)，但(dan)是單獨到市場上采購的非配套(tao)(tao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，一(yi)定要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)前述三個(ge)(ge)參(can)數的測(ce)試(shi)。7，有一(yi)種不(bu)帶工(gong)頻變壓(ya)(ya)器的可(ke)控(kong)硅充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，直接(jie)整流(liu)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可(ke)到30A，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)12V－80V可(ke)調(diao)，未徹底切(qie)斷市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前，千萬不(bu)要(yao)摸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，貨運三輪使用(yong)這(zhe)類充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的客戶特(te)別(bie)要(yao)注意(yi)安全。