充電器的分(fen)(fen)類(lei)：用(yong)有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓(ya)器區(qu)分(fen)(fen)，可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)兩大類(lei)。貨(huo)運三輪充電(dian)器一般使用(yong)帶工頻變壓(ya)器的充電(dian)機(ji)，體積大、重量大，費電(dian)，但(dan)(dan)是可(ke)靠，便宜；電(dian)動自行車和(he)電(dian)摩則使用(yong)所謂開(kai)(kai)關電(dian)源(yuan)式(shi)充電(dian)器，省電(dian)，效率高，但(dan)(dan)是易壞。 常用(yong)的開(kai)(kai)關電(dian)源(yuan)式(shi)充電(dian)器又(you)分(fen)(fen)半(ban)橋式(shi)和(he)單(dan)(dan)激(ji)(ji)式(shi)兩大類(lei)，單(dan)(dan)激(ji)(ji)類(lei)又(you)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)正激(ji)(ji)式(shi)和(he)反(fan)激(ji)(ji)式(shi)兩類(lei)。半(ban)橋式(shi)成本高，性能好，常用(yong)于帶負(fu)脈沖的充電(dian)器；單(dan)(dan)激(ji)(ji)式(shi)成本低，市場占有率高。

鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已經有100多年的(de)歷史了，開始全(quan)球(qiu)普遍沿引老的(de)觀點(dian)和操(cao)作規(gui)程：充、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)0.1C（C是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量）壽命較長。美國人麥(mai)斯先生(sheng)為(wei)(wei)解決快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)問(wen)題，1967年向全(quan)世界公布了他的(de)研究成(cheng)果，用大于(yu)1C率(lv)脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)間歇時對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)有利(li)于(yu)消除極化、降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液溫度、提高極板接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)能(neng)力(li)。

我國一(yi)些科技工作者在(zai)1969年前(qian)后(hou)，根據麥(mai)斯先(xian)生的三定律制作成功了(le)多種品(pin)牌(pai)的快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過程是：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)暫(zan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止(zhi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通(tong)(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……2000年前(qian)后(hou)，有人將這一(yi)原理(li)用到了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)，用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)路(lu)瞬間，進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)路(lu)時由于不(bu)(bu)切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)中(zhong)串連了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一(yi)般在(zai)1秒內短(duan)路(lu)3－5毫(hao)秒（1秒＝1000毫(hao)秒），由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感里的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)(bu)能跳(tiao)變，短(duan)路(lu)時間短(duan)促，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)保護充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉(zhuan)換部分。如(ru)果(guo)把充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)方向叫正，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然為負了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)業(ye)就(jiu)出現了(le)名(ming)詞“負脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器”，而且稱(cheng)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命等(deng)等(deng)。

近幾(ji)年，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車普(pu)遍使用(yong)了所(suo)謂三(san)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，第(di)(di)一個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)二(er)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫恒壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)三(san)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫涓(juan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)子技術(shu)角度針對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)而言：第(di)(di)一個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)限流(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)二(er)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫高恒壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)三(san)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫低恒壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)比較(jiao)貼切。第(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和(he)第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)轉換(huan)時，面板指示(shi)燈相(xiang)應變換(huan)，大多數充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)第(di)(di)一、二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是紅燈，第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)變綠燈。第(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和(he)第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的相(xiang)互轉換(huan)是由充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)決定(ding)的，大于(yu)某電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)入(ru)第(di)(di)一第(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，小于(yu)某電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)入(ru)第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。這個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)叫轉換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，也叫轉折(zhe)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。

買新充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)要(yao)檢(jian)查三段(duan)式(shi)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)三個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)，第(di)一個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)是涓流(liu)(liu)階(jie)段(duan)的(de)低恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)，第(di)二個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)是第(di)二階(jie)段(duan)的(de)高恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)，第(di)三個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)是轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。這三個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)與電(dian)(dian)池數(shu)目有(you)(you)關，與電(dian)(dian)池的(de)容量Ah有(you)(you)關，與溫度(du)有(you)(you)關，與電(dian)(dian)池種類有(you)(you)關。用(yong)戶(hu)一般(ban)可以自己測得第(di)三階(jie)段(duan)的(de)低恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)。方法是，不接(jie)電(dian)(dian)池，給充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)加市(shi)電(dian)(dian)，用(yong)數(shu)字萬用(yong)表的(de)200V直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檔測充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。另兩個(ge)(ge)參(can)數(shu)高恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)和轉(zhuan)(zhuan)折電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)一般(ban)需(xu)要(yao)專(zhuan)用(yong)工具才能測得。

開關電(dian)源式充(chong)電(dian)器的(de)正(zheng)確(que)操(cao)作(zuo)是：充(chong)電(dian)時，先(xian)插(cha)電(dian)池，后加市電(dian)；充(chong)足后，先(xian)切斷市電(dian)，后拔(ba)電(dian)池插(cha)頭。如果(guo)在充(chong)電(dian)時先(xian)拔(ba)電(dian)池插(cha)頭，特別(bie)是充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)大(da)（紅燈）時，非(fei)常容易損(sun)壞充(chong)電(dian)器。

此外還需注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)：1，變綠燈后(hou)再(zai)接(jie)著充(chong)(chong)(chong)2－3小時。2，原則是(shi)淺放(fang)(fang)（電(dian)）勤充(chong)(chong)(chong)（電(dian)），就是(shi)騎行(xing)(xing)不足(zu)夠遠，也要及(ji)時充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，避(bi)免放(fang)(fang)光再(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。3，長期不騎，要定期（2－3個月(yue)）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)一(yi)(yi)次。4，長期淺放(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，3個月(yue)左右，作(zuo)一(yi)(yi)次深放(fang)(fang)電(dian)，就是(shi)所謂放(fang)(fang)光再(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，有(you)利(li)于(yu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)深部的(de)(de)(de)(de)長期不動的(de)(de)(de)(de)物質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)活化。放(fang)(fang)光的(de)(de)(de)(de)意思(si)是(shi)，騎到控制(zhi)器電(dian)池(chi)(chi)欠壓(ya)保護動作(zuo)為(wei)止。5， 一(yi)(yi)般新電(dian)池(chi)(chi)投入使用8－10個月(yue)后(hou)，要對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行(xing)(xing)檢查和維(wei)護。6，一(yi)(yi)般名牌車(che)配套的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器是(shi)經過篩選的(de)(de)(de)(de)，通常不用測(ce)(ce)試，但(dan)是(shi)單(dan)獨到市(shi)場上采購(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)非配套充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器，一(yi)(yi)定要進行(xing)(xing)前述三個參數的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試。7，有(you)一(yi)(yi)種不帶工頻變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)控硅充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)機，直接(jie)整流(liu)市(shi)電(dian)為(wei)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，電(dian)流(liu)可(ke)到30A，電(dian)壓(ya)12V－80V可(ke)調，未徹底切斷市(shi)電(dian)前，千(qian)萬不要摸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，貨(huo)運三輪使用這類充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)客戶特別要注意安全。