充電器的分(fen)(fen)類(lei)：用(yong)有、無工(gong)頻（50赫茲）變壓(ya)器區分(fen)(fen)，可分(fen)(fen)為兩大(da)(da)類(lei)。貨運三輪充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器一(yi)般(ban)使用(yong)帶(dai)工(gong)頻變壓(ya)器的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，體積大(da)(da)、重量大(da)(da)，費電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但(dan)是可靠，便宜；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)車和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)摩(mo)則(ze)使用(yong)所謂(wei)開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，效率(lv)高，但(dan)是易(yi)壞(huai)。 常(chang)用(yong)的開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器又分(fen)(fen)半橋式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)單(dan)(dan)激(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)兩大(da)(da)類(lei)，單(dan)(dan)激(ji)(ji)類(lei)又分(fen)(fen)為正激(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)反激(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)兩類(lei)。半橋式(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)本高，性能好，常(chang)用(yong)于(yu)帶(dai)負(fu)脈(mo)沖的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器；單(dan)(dan)激(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)本低，市場占有率(lv)高。

鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)已經有100多年的(de)(de)歷史(shi)了(le)(le)，開始全球普(pu)遍沿引老的(de)(de)觀(guan)點和(he)操作規程：充、放(fang)電(dian)率為(wei)0.1C（C是電(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量）壽命較長。美國人(ren)麥斯先生為(wei)解(jie)(jie)決快速充電(dian)問題，1967年向全世界公布了(le)(le)他的(de)(de)研究成(cheng)果，用大(da)于1C率脈沖電(dian)流充電(dian)，充電(dian)間歇時對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)電(dian)。放(fang)電(dian)有利于消(xiao)除極化、降低(di)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液溫度、提高極板接受電(dian)荷的(de)(de)能力。

我國一(yi)(yi)些科技工作者在(zai)1969年前(qian)(qian)后，根據(ju)麥斯先生(sheng)的三定(ding)律(lv)制作成功(gong)了多(duo)種品牌的快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過(guo)程(cheng)是：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切(qie)(qie)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)→對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)(duan)暫(zan)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接(jie)通(tong)(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……2000年前(qian)(qian)后，有人將(jiang)這一(yi)(yi)原理用到(dao)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中，不切(qie)(qie)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)瞬間，進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)時(shi)由(you)于不切(qie)(qie)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中串連了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)1秒(miao)內(nei)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)3－5毫秒(miao)（1秒(miao)＝1000毫秒(miao)），由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感里的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不能跳變，短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)時(shi)間短(duan)(duan)促，可(ke)以保護充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉換部(bu)分。如果把充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)方向(xiang)叫正，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然為負(fu)了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)業就出(chu)現了名詞“負(fu)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器”，而且稱(cheng)可(ke)以延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命等等。

近幾年，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車普(pu)遍使用了所謂三(san)(san)(san)(san)段(duan)(duan)(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)恒(heng)流階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)(san)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)涓流階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)子技(ji)術角度針(zhen)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池而言：第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)限(xian)流階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)高恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)(san)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)低恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)比較貼切。第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)轉換時，面(mian)板指示燈相應變換，大多數充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)、二(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)是(shi)紅燈，第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)變綠燈。第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)的相互轉換是(shi)由充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流決定(ding)的，大于某電(dian)(dian)(dian)流進入第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，小于某電(dian)(dian)(dian)流進入第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流叫(jiao)(jiao)轉換電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，也叫(jiao)(jiao)轉折電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。

買新充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)要(yao)(yao)檢(jian)查三(san)段(duan)式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)三(san)個重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)，第(di)(di)一(yi)個重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)是涓(juan)流(liu)(liu)階(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)低恒壓值(zhi)，第(di)(di)二(er)個重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)是第(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)高恒壓值(zhi)，第(di)(di)三(san)個重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)是轉(zhuan)換電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。這三(san)個重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)與電(dian)(dian)池(chi)數(shu)目(mu)有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)，與電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)容量Ah有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)，與溫度(du)有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)，與電(dian)(dian)池(chi)種(zhong)類有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)。用戶一(yi)般(ban)可(ke)以(yi)自己測得(de)第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)低恒壓值(zhi)。方法是，不接電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，給充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)加市電(dian)(dian)，用數(shu)字萬用表(biao)的(de)(de)200V直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓檔測充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓。另兩個參(can)數(shu)高恒壓值(zhi)和轉(zhuan)折電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)一(yi)般(ban)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)專用工具(ju)才能測得(de)。

開關電源式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電器的(de)正確(que)操作(zuo)是：充(chong)(chong)電時，先(xian)插電池，后加(jia)市電；充(chong)(chong)足后，先(xian)切斷市電，后拔電池插頭。如果在充(chong)(chong)電時先(xian)拔電池插頭，特別(bie)是充(chong)(chong)電電流大（紅(hong)燈(deng)）時，非常(chang)容易損壞充(chong)(chong)電器。

此外還需注意的(de)(de)是(shi)：1，變(bian)綠燈后再(zai)接(jie)著充(chong)(chong)(chong)2－3小時(shi)。2，原則是(shi)淺放（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）勤充(chong)(chong)(chong)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)），就是(shi)騎行不(bu)足夠遠，也要及(ji)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，避免(mian)放光再(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。3，長期不(bu)騎，要定(ding)期（2－3個(ge)月）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一次。4，長期淺放的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，3個(ge)月左(zuo)右(you)，作一次深放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就是(shi)所謂放光再(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有利于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)深部的(de)(de)長期不(bu)動的(de)(de)物質的(de)(de)活化。放光的(de)(de)意思(si)是(shi)，騎到控(kong)制器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)欠壓保護(hu)動作為止。5， 一般新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)投入使用8－10個(ge)月后，要對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行檢查和維護(hu)。6，一般名(ming)牌車配套(tao)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是(shi)經(jing)過篩選的(de)(de)，通常不(bu)用測試，但是(shi)單(dan)獨(du)到市(shi)場上(shang)采購的(de)(de)非(fei)配套(tao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，一定(ding)要進行前(qian)述三個(ge)參數的(de)(de)測試。7，有一種不(bu)帶工頻變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)(de)可控(kong)硅(gui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，直(zhi)接(jie)整(zheng)流市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可到30A，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓12V－80V可調，未徹底切斷(duan)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)，千萬不(bu)要摸(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，貨運三輪(lun)使用這類充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)客(ke)戶(hu)特(te)別要注意安全(quan)。