手機充電器小常識

一、充電器產品質量(liang)的好壞可從其工作性能、安全要求(qiu)和電磁兼容(rong)性三(san)個方面(mian)來衡量(liang)。

1、工作性能。不同種類的電池有不同的充電要求，充電器主要(yao)有(you)充(chong)電(dian)方式、充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流、充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓等參數要(yao)求。

（1）充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式：規定了充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器是以(yi)恒(heng)流方式或是以(yi)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方式給電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。對目前(qian)普遍使用(yong)的(de)(de)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)而(er)言，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式應采用(yong)限(xian)(xian)(xian)流恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方式，即先以(yi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)至電(dian)(dian)池(chi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)制(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)后能自(zi)動轉為恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

（2）充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流：規定了充電(dian)(dian)器最大(da)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流。充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的大(da)小應與適用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的容量大(da)小相(xiang)匹配(pei)，一般應不大(da)于1C5A。

（3）充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)：規定了充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器最高輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)高低取決于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)限制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)；對標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為3.6V的(de)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，要求充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器輸出的(de)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)一般為4.2V（實際上，手機用(yong)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都裝(zhuang)有(you)保護裝(zhuang)置，因此充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)也可略高于(yu)4.2V，但為了保證安全，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不(bu)得高于(yu)4.5V）。

2、安(an)全要求(qiu)(qiu)。通俗來講就(jiu)是(shi)要求(qiu)(qiu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)電(dian)路結構、機械結構和電(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng)等應(ying)符合一定的(de)安(an)全要求(qiu)(qiu)，不管產(chan)(chan)(chan)品處在正(zheng)常工作狀態或是(shi)異(yi)常（如(ru)輸(shu)出過載或短路、內部元器(qi)件失(shi)效或電(dian)路故(gu)障等）工作狀態，都(dou)不應(ying)危(wei)害人和財產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)安(an)全。為了達到(dao)這一目的(de)，充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)安(an)全要求(qiu)(qiu)（如(ru)防觸(chu)電(dian)保護性(xing)能(neng)、絕緣性(xing)能(neng)、溫度等等）應(ying)符合國家強制性(xing)標準GB4943-2001中所規定的(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)。

3、電磁兼容性。對充電器產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼容性(xing)要求主要反映在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)騷(sao)擾(rao)方面。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)騷(sao)擾(rao)分為傳(chuan)導騷(sao)擾(rao)和(he)輻射騷(sao)擾(rao)。由于(yu)開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)諸(zhu)多(duo)優(you)點，因而充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)普遍采用開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。但是開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中開(kai)關器(qi)件的(de)(de)(de)高頻開(kai)通(tong)與關閉，會產(chan)(chan)生高頻諧波信號。這些高頻信號通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網傳(chuan)播(bo)或(huo)通(tong)過空間(jian)輻射，將給(gei)環境帶來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)污(wu)染，騷(sao)擾(rao)周圍(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)設備的(de)(de)(de)正常工(gong)作，嚴重的(de)(de)(de)還可能對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)運(yun)行(xing)及人(ren)體健(jian)康造成不良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。因此，為了減小環境的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)污(wu)染，要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)工(gong)作時其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)（或(huo)接(jie)口(kou)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)）騷(sao)擾(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)輻射騷(sao)擾(rao)場(chang)強(qiang)應(ying)小于(yu)某一限值(zhi)。對(dui)于(yu)手機(ji)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，其(qi)騷(sao)擾(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)騷(sao)擾(rao)場(chang)強(qiang)應(ying)符合(he)國家強(qiang)制性(xing)標準GB9254-1998中B級限值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)要求。

二、作為消費(fei)者，選購一(yi)個質量(liang)較好、適合使用的充電器產品(pin)以(yi)下幾點可供參(can)考：

1、選購充電器時，應詳細閱讀產品使用說明書或產品標記說明。一般來說，有產品認證標志的充電器才有安全(quan)保證。因此(ci)，應盡(jin)量選購有產(chan)品認證標志的產(chan)品。

2、手機充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器一般都兼備兩種(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)措施，一種(zhong)(zhong)是帶機充(chong)(chong)電(dian)（充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器通過電(dian)連接器與手機配合給(gei)電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)）；另一種(zhong)(zhong)是通過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)座給(gei)電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。選購(gou)前，應清楚自己所(suo)用電(dian)池的類型、容量、標稱電(dian)壓，以便選購(gou)與之適(shi)配的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器。

3、目前手機使用的電池幾乎都是只有一個單體電芯、標稱電壓為3.6V、額定容量為500mAh～1000mAh的鋰離子電池。鋰離子電芯對充電電流和充電電壓的要求非常高；充電電流過大或充電電壓過高，會引起電芯內部化學反應巨變，使得內部溫度升高，導致電極、隔膜材料損壞或電芯膨脹爆炸。雖然，一般手機電池內部裝有具有過充、過放、過流保護功能的保護器。但為了安全、為了達到較好的充電效果，應選購最大輸出電壓為4.2V～4.5V、最大輸出電流為600mA～700mA的充電器。規范的充電器產品都應標明其使用范圍、輸出電壓和輸出電流等技術參數。有條件的話，選購時可用萬用表的適當測量檔測量充電器的輸出空載電(dian)壓和輸出短路電(dian)流，判斷其實際數據是(shi)否(fou)與所標技術參(can)數一(yi)致(zhi)。