手機充電器小常識

一、充電器產品質(zhi)量的好(hao)壞可從其工(gong)作性能(neng)、安(an)全(quan)要求和電(dian)磁兼容(rong)性三個方面來衡量。

1、工作性能。不同種類的電池有不同的充電要求，充電器主要(yao)有充電方(fang)式、充電電流、充電電壓(ya)等(deng)參數要(yao)求。

（1）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式：規(gui)定了充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是以(yi)(yi)恒(heng)流(liu)方式或是以(yi)(yi)恒(heng)壓(ya)方式給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對目前(qian)普(pu)遍使(shi)用的鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)而言，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式應采用限(xian)流(liu)恒(heng)壓(ya)方式，即先以(yi)(yi)限(xian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)限(xian)制充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后能(neng)自動轉為恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

（2）充電電流：規定(ding)了(le)充電器(qi)最大(da)輸出(chu)電流。充電電流的(de)大(da)小應與適用的(de)電池的(de)容量大(da)小相匹配，一般應不大(da)于1C5A。

（3）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)：規定了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)最高(gao)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)高(gao)低(di)取決于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)；對標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)3.6V的(de)鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，要求充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)的(de)最高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一般為(wei)4.2V（實際上，手機(ji)用鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池都裝(zhuang)有保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置，因此充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)也(ye)可略高(gao)于4.2V，但(dan)為(wei)了保(bao)證安(an)全(quan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不得高(gao)于4.5V）。

2、安(an)全(quan)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。通俗來(lai)講就是(shi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的電(dian)路結構、機械(xie)結構和(he)電(dian)氣性(xing)能等(deng)(deng)應符合(he)一定的安(an)全(quan)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，不(bu)(bu)管產(chan)品(pin)(pin)處在正常(chang)(chang)工作狀態或(huo)是(shi)異常(chang)(chang)（如輸出過載或(huo)短路、內部元(yuan)器件失效或(huo)電(dian)路故障等(deng)(deng)）工作狀態，都不(bu)(bu)應危害人和(he)財產(chan)的安(an)全(quan)。為了(le)達到這一目的，充(chong)電(dian)器產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的安(an)全(quan)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)（如防觸電(dian)保護性(xing)能、絕緣(yuan)性(xing)能、溫度(du)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)）應符合(he)國家強制性(xing)標準GB4943-2001中所規(gui)定的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。

3、電磁兼容性。對充電器產(chan)品(pin)，其電(dian)磁兼(jian)容性要求主要反映在電(dian)磁騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾方面。電(dian)磁騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾分為傳導騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾和輻射(she)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾。由于(yu)(yu)開關(guan)電(dian)源的(de)(de)諸多優點，因而充電(dian)器(qi)普遍采(cai)用開關(guan)電(dian)源電(dian)路。但(dan)是開關(guan)電(dian)源中(zhong)開關(guan)器(qi)件的(de)(de)高(gao)頻開通與關(guan)閉，會(hui)產(chan)生高(gao)頻諧(xie)波信(xin)號。這些(xie)高(gao)頻信(xin)號通過電(dian)源端(duan)子(zi)(zi)經電(dian)網傳播或(huo)通過空間輻射(she)，將給(gei)環境帶來電(dian)磁污(wu)染，騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾周(zhou)圍電(dian)子(zi)(zi)設(she)備的(de)(de)正常工作(zuo)，嚴重的(de)(de)還可能對(dui)電(dian)網的(de)(de)安全運行及人體(ti)健(jian)康(kang)造成(cheng)不良的(de)(de)影響。因此，為了(le)減小環境的(de)(de)電(dian)磁污(wu)染，要求電(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)品(pin)工作(zuo)時其電(dian)源端(duan)子(zi)(zi)（或(huo)接(jie)口端(duan)子(zi)(zi)）騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾電(dian)壓(ya)和輻射(she)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾場強應(ying)小于(yu)(yu)某一限值。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)手(shou)機(ji)用電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)器(qi)，其騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾電(dian)壓(ya)和騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾場強應(ying)符(fu)合國家強制(zhi)性標準GB9254-1998中(zhong)B級(ji)限值的(de)(de)要求。

二、作為消費者，選購一個質量較好(hao)、適合使用的(de)充電器(qi)產(chan)品以下幾點可(ke)供參(can)考：

1、選購充電器時，應詳細閱讀產品使用說明書或產品標記說明。一般來說，有產品認證標志的充電器才有安全保證。因(yin)此，應盡量選購有產品(pin)認(ren)證標志的產品(pin)。

2、手機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)一(yi)般都兼備兩種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)措施，一(yi)種是帶機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)連接器(qi)與(yu)手機(ji)配合給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）；另(ling)一(yi)種是通過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)座(zuo)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。選(xuan)(xuan)購前，應清(qing)楚自(zi)己所用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)類型(xing)、容(rong)量、標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以便選(xuan)(xuan)購與(yu)之適配的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。

3、目前手機使用的電池幾乎都是只有一個單體電芯、標稱電壓為3.6V、額定容量為500mAh～1000mAh的鋰離子電池。鋰離子電芯對充電電流和充電電壓的要求非常高；充電電流過大或充電電壓過高，會引起電芯內部化學反應巨變，使得內部溫度升高，導致電極、隔膜材料損壞或電芯膨脹爆炸。雖然，一般手機電池內部裝有具有過充、過放、過流保護功能的保護器。但為了安全、為了達到較好的充電效果，應選購最大輸出電壓為4.2V～4.5V、最大輸出電流為600mA～700mA的充電器。規范的充電器產品都應標明其使用范圍、輸出電壓和輸出電流等技術參數。有條件的話，選購時可用萬用表的適當測量檔測量充電器的輸出空載電(dian)壓和(he)輸出短路電(dian)流(liu)，判斷其(qi)實際數據是(shi)否與所標技(ji)術參數一致(zhi)。