手機充電器小常識

一、充電器產品質量(liang)的好壞可從其工作性能、安(an)全要求和電(dian)磁兼容(rong)性三個方面(mian)來衡量(liang)。

1、工作性能。不同種類的電池有不同的充電要求，充電器主要有充(chong)電(dian)方式、充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流、充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)等參數要求。

（1）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)：規定了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器是(shi)以(yi)恒流方(fang)式(shi)(shi)或(huo)是(shi)以(yi)恒壓(ya)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。對目前普遍使用(yong)的鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)而言(yan)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)應采用(yong)限(xian)流恒壓(ya)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，即先以(yi)限(xian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)限(xian)制充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后(hou)能自動(dong)轉為恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

（2）充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)：規定了充電(dian)(dian)器最大輸出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大小(xiao)(xiao)應與適用的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的容量大小(xiao)(xiao)相匹配，一般應不(bu)大于(yu)1C5A。

（3）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)：規定了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)最高(gao)(gao)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)低取決于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)；對(dui)標稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)3.6V的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，要(yao)求充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)一(yi)般為(wei)4.2V（實際上(shang)，手機用鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池都裝有保護裝置，因此充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)也可略高(gao)(gao)于4.2V，但為(wei)了保證安(an)全，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不得高(gao)(gao)于4.5V）。

2、安(an)全要(yao)求。通(tong)俗來講就是要(yao)求產品(pin)(pin)的(de)電(dian)(dian)路結構、機械結構和電(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能等應符合(he)一定的(de)安(an)全要(yao)求，不(bu)管產品(pin)(pin)處在正常工作狀(zhuang)態(tai)或(huo)(huo)是異常（如輸出過載或(huo)(huo)短(duan)路、內部元器件失(shi)效(xiao)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)路故障等）工作狀(zhuang)態(tai)，都(dou)不(bu)應危(wei)害人和財產的(de)安(an)全。為了達到(dao)這一目的(de)，充電(dian)(dian)器產品(pin)(pin)的(de)安(an)全要(yao)求（如防觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)保護性(xing)能、絕緣(yuan)性(xing)能、溫度等等）應符合(he)國家強(qiang)制性(xing)標準GB4943-2001中所規(gui)定的(de)要(yao)求。

3、電磁兼容性。對充電器產(chan)品，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼容性(xing)要求(qiu)主要反映在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)騷(sao)擾方(fang)面。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)騷(sao)擾分為傳(chuan)導騷(sao)擾和輻(fu)射騷(sao)擾。由于(yu)(yu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)諸(zhu)多優(you)點，因而充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器普遍采用開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。但是開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)器件的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)頻(pin)開(kai)(kai)通與關(guan)(guan)閉，會產(chan)生高(gao)頻(pin)諧(xie)波(bo)信號。這(zhe)些(xie)高(gao)頻(pin)信號通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網傳(chuan)播或通過空間輻(fu)射，將給環境(jing)帶來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)污染，騷(sao)擾周(zhou)圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)設備的(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)工作，嚴重的(de)(de)(de)還可能(neng)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)安全運(yun)行及(ji)人體健康造成(cheng)不良的(de)(de)(de)影響。因此，為了減小環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)污染，要求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產(chan)品工作時其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)（或接口端(duan)(duan)子(zi)）騷(sao)擾電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和輻(fu)射騷(sao)擾場(chang)強(qiang)應(ying)小于(yu)(yu)某一限值。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)手機用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，其(qi)騷(sao)擾電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和騷(sao)擾場(chang)強(qiang)應(ying)符合國家強(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)標準GB9254-1998中(zhong)B級限值的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)。

二、作為消(xiao)費者，選購一個質量(liang)較好、適合使用(yong)的充電器產品以下幾點可供參考(kao)：

1、選購充電器時，應詳細閱讀產品使用說明書或產品標記說明。一般來說，有產品認證標志的充電器才有(you)安全(quan)保證(zheng)。因此，應盡(jin)量選購有(you)產品(pin)認證(zheng)標志的產品(pin)。

2、手機(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)般都兼(jian)備兩(liang)種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)措施，一(yi)種是(shi)(shi)帶機(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)（充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)通過電(dian)(dian)連接器(qi)(qi)與手機(ji)配合給(gei)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)）；另一(yi)種是(shi)(shi)通過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)座給(gei)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。選購前，應清楚自(zi)己所用電(dian)(dian)池的類型、容量、標稱電(dian)(dian)壓，以便選購與之(zhi)適配的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。

3、目前手機使用的電池幾乎都是只有一個單體電芯、標稱電壓為3.6V、額定容量為500mAh～1000mAh的鋰離子電池。鋰離子電芯對充電電流和充電電壓的要求非常高；充電電流過大或充電電壓過高，會引起電芯內部化學反應巨變，使得內部溫度升高，導致電極、隔膜材料損壞或電芯膨脹爆炸。雖然，一般手機電池內部裝有具有過充、過放、過流保護功能的保護器。但為了安全、為了達到較好的充電效果，應選購最大輸出電壓為4.2V～4.5V、最大輸出電流為600mA～700mA的充電器。規范的充電器產品都應標明其使用范圍、輸出電壓和輸出電流等技術參數。有條件的話，選購時可用萬用表的適當測量檔測量充電器的輸出空載電壓和輸出短路電流，判斷其(qi)實際數(shu)據是否(fou)與所標技術參數(shu)一致。