手機充電器小常識

一、充電器產品(pin)質(zhi)量的好(hao)壞可從其工作性(xing)能(neng)、安全(quan)要求和電磁(ci)兼容性(xing)三個方面(mian)來衡量。

1、工作性能。不同種類的電池有不同的充電要求，充電器主要(yao)有充(chong)電方式(shi)、充(chong)電電流(liu)、充(chong)電電壓等參數要(yao)求。

（1）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)：規定了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器是以恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)方(fang)式(shi)或是以恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)方(fang)式(shi)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。對目(mu)前普遍使用的(de)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)而(er)言(yan)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)應采(cai)用限(xian)(xian)流(liu)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)方(fang)式(shi)，即先以限(xian)(xian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)限(xian)(xian)制充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后能自動轉(zhuan)為恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

（2）充(chong)電電流：規(gui)定(ding)了充(chong)電器(qi)最大(da)輸出電流。充(chong)電電流的(de)大(da)小應(ying)與適用的(de)電池的(de)容(rong)量大(da)小相匹配，一般(ban)應(ying)不大(da)于1C5A。

（3）充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)：規(gui)定了(le)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)最高(gao)(gao)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)高(gao)(gao)低取決于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)(dian)限(xian)制電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)；對標稱電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為3.6V的(de)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)時，要求(qiu)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸(shu)出的(de)最高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一般為4.2V（實際上，手機用鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池都裝有保護裝置，因此充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)也可略高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)4.2V，但(dan)為了(le)保證安全，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不得(de)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)4.5V）。

2、安(an)全要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。通俗來講就是要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路結構(gou)、機械結構(gou)和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng)等(deng)應(ying)符合(he)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，不管產(chan)品處在正常工(gong)作狀態或是異(yi)常（如(ru)輸出過載(zai)或短路、內(nei)部(bu)元器件失(shi)效(xiao)或電(dian)(dian)路故障等(deng)）工(gong)作狀態，都(dou)不應(ying)危(wei)害(hai)人和(he)財產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全。為了達到這一目的(de)(de)(de)，充電(dian)(dian)器產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)（如(ru)防觸電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護性(xing)能(neng)、絕緣性(xing)能(neng)、溫度等(deng)等(deng)）應(ying)符合(he)國(guo)家強制性(xing)標準(zhun)GB4943-2001中(zhong)所規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。

3、電磁兼容性。對充電器產品(pin)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼容(rong)性(xing)(xing)要求主要反映在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)方面。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)分(fen)為傳導騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)和輻(fu)射騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)。由(you)于開(kai)(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)諸多優點，因(yin)而充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器普遍采用(yong)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。但是(shi)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)器件(jian)的(de)高(gao)頻開(kai)(kai)通與(yu)關(guan)閉，會產生高(gao)頻諧波信號。這些高(gao)頻信號通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)端子(zi)(zi)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)傳播或通過(guo)空(kong)間輻(fu)射，將給環境(jing)(jing)帶(dai)來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)污(wu)染(ran)，騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)周圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)設備(bei)的(de)正常工(gong)作，嚴重的(de)還可(ke)能(neng)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)安全運行及人體健康(kang)造成(cheng)不良(liang)的(de)影響。因(yin)此，為了減小(xiao)環境(jing)(jing)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)污(wu)染(ran)，要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產品(pin)工(gong)作時其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)端子(zi)(zi)（或接口端子(zi)(zi)）騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和輻(fu)射騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)場強應(ying)小(xiao)于某一限(xian)值。對(dui)于手機用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，其(qi)騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)場強應(ying)符合國家(jia)強制性(xing)(xing)標準GB9254-1998中(zhong)B級限(xian)值的(de)要求。

二(er)、作(zuo)為消費者，選購一(yi)個質量較好(hao)、適合使用(yong)的充電(dian)器產(chan)品以下幾點可供參考：

1、選購充電器時，應詳細閱讀產品使用說明書或產品標記說明。一般來說，有產品認證標志的充電器才有(you)安全保證。因此，應盡(jin)量(liang)選購有(you)產(chan)品認證標志的產(chan)品。

2、手機(ji)(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器一(yi)(yi)般(ban)都兼備兩種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電措施(shi)，一(yi)(yi)種是帶機(ji)(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電（充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器通(tong)過(guo)電連接器與手機(ji)(ji)配合給(gei)電池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電）；另一(yi)(yi)種是通(tong)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電座(zuo)給(gei)電池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電。選購(gou)前，應(ying)清(qing)楚自己所用電池(chi)的(de)(de)類(lei)型、容量、標稱電壓，以便選購(gou)與之適配的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器。

3、目前手機使用的電池幾乎都是只有一個單體電芯、標稱電壓為3.6V、額定容量為500mAh～1000mAh的鋰離子電池。鋰離子電芯對充電電流和充電電壓的要求非常高；充電電流過大或充電電壓過高，會引起電芯內部化學反應巨變，使得內部溫度升高，導致電極、隔膜材料損壞或電芯膨脹爆炸。雖然，一般手機電池內部裝有具有過充、過放、過流保護功能的保護器。但為了安全、為了達到較好的充電效果，應選購最大輸出電壓為4.2V～4.5V、最大輸出電流為600mA～700mA的充電器。規范的充電器產品都應標明其使用范圍、輸出電壓和輸出電流等技術參數。有條件的話，選購時可用萬用表的適當測量檔測量充電器的輸(shu)出空載(zai)電壓和輸(shu)出短(duan)路(lu)電流，判斷其實際數據是否與所標(biao)技術參數一(yi)致(zhi)。