手機充電器小常識

一、充電器產品質量(liang)的好壞可(ke)從其工作(zuo)性能、安全要求(qiu)和電磁(ci)兼容(rong)性三個方面來(lai)衡量(liang)。

1、工作性能。不同種類的電池有不同的充電要求，充電器主要(yao)有(you)充(chong)電方(fang)式、充(chong)電電流、充(chong)電電壓(ya)等參數(shu)要(yao)求。

（1）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)：規定了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器是(shi)以(yi)恒流方(fang)式(shi)(shi)或是(shi)以(yi)恒壓(ya)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。對目前(qian)普遍使用的鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池而言，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)應采(cai)用限(xian)(xian)流恒壓(ya)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，即先以(yi)限(xian)(xian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池限(xian)(xian)制充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后能自動轉為恒壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

（2）充電(dian)電(dian)流：規定了充電(dian)器最大(da)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流。充電(dian)電(dian)流的大(da)小應與適用的電(dian)池(chi)的容(rong)量大(da)小相匹配，一(yi)般應不大(da)于1C5A。

（3）充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)：規定了充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器最高輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)高低取決于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)限(xian)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)；對標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為3.6V的(de)鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，要求充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)一(yi)般為4.2V（實際上，手機用鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池都裝有保(bao)護裝置(zhi)，因此(ci)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)也可略高于4.2V，但為了保(bao)證安全，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不得高于4.5V）。

2、安全要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。通俗來講就(jiu)是要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)電路(lu)(lu)結構(gou)、機械(xie)結構(gou)和電氣性能(neng)(neng)等(deng)應(ying)符(fu)合(he)一定的(de)安全要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，不管(guan)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)處在正常工(gong)作狀態或(huo)(huo)是異常（如輸(shu)出過(guo)載或(huo)(huo)短路(lu)(lu)、內部元(yuan)器件失效或(huo)(huo)電路(lu)(lu)故(gu)障等(deng)）工(gong)作狀態，都(dou)不應(ying)危害人和財產(chan)(chan)的(de)安全。為了(le)達到這一目(mu)的(de)，充電器產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)安全要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)（如防觸電保護性能(neng)(neng)、絕緣性能(neng)(neng)、溫度等(deng)等(deng)）應(ying)符(fu)合(he)國(guo)家強制性標準GB4943-2001中所(suo)規定的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。

3、電磁兼容性。對充電器產品，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼容性要(yao)求主(zhu)要(yao)反映在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)方面。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)分為傳導(dao)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)和輻射騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)。由于(yu)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)諸多優點，因而充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器普遍采用(yong)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。但是(shi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源中(zhong)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)器件的(de)(de)高頻開(kai)通與關(guan)(guan)閉，會產生(sheng)高頻諧波(bo)信號。這些高頻信號通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源端(duan)子(zi)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)傳播或通過空間輻射，將給環(huan)境帶來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)污染，騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)周圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)設備的(de)(de)正常(chang)工(gong)作，嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)還可能對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)安全運行及(ji)人體健康(kang)造成(cheng)不良的(de)(de)影響。因此，為了(le)減(jian)小環(huan)境的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)污染，要(yao)求電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產品工(gong)作時其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源端(duan)子(zi)（或接口端(duan)子(zi)）騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和輻射騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)場強(qiang)應小于(yu)某一限值。對于(yu)手(shou)機用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，其(qi)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)場強(qiang)應符合國家強(qiang)制性標(biao)準(zhun)GB9254-1998中(zhong)B級限值的(de)(de)要(yao)求。

二、作為消(xiao)費者(zhe)，選購一個質量較好、適合(he)使用(yong)的充電器產品以下幾點可供參考(kao)：

1、選購充電器時，應詳細閱讀產品使用說明書或產品標記說明。一般來說，有產品認證標志的充電器才有(you)(you)安全保證。因(yin)此，應(ying)盡量選購有(you)(you)產品認證標志的產品。

2、手(shou)機充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)一般都兼備(bei)兩種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)措施，一種(zhong)是帶機充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)連接器(qi)與(yu)手(shou)機配(pei)合給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）；另一種(zhong)是通(tong)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)座給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。選購前，應清楚自己所用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)類型(xing)、容量、標稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以便選購與(yu)之適配(pei)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。

3、目前手機使用的電池幾乎都是只有一個單體電芯、標稱電壓為3.6V、額定容量為500mAh～1000mAh的鋰離子電池。鋰離子電芯對充電電流和充電電壓的要求非常高；充電電流過大或充電電壓過高，會引起電芯內部化學反應巨變，使得內部溫度升高，導致電極、隔膜材料損壞或電芯膨脹爆炸。雖然，一般手機電池內部裝有具有過充、過放、過流保護功能的保護器。但為了安全、為了達到較好的充電效果，應選購最大輸出電壓為4.2V～4.5V、最大輸出電流為600mA～700mA的充電器。規范的充電器產品都應標明其使用范圍、輸出電壓和輸出電流等技術參數。有條件的話，選購時可用萬用表的適當測量檔測量充電器的輸出空載電壓和輸出短路電流，判斷其(qi)實際數據(ju)是否與所標(biao)技術參數一致。