手機充電器小常識

一、充電器產品質量的好壞可從其工作性(xing)能、安全要求和(he)電磁兼容性(xing)三個方(fang)面來(lai)衡量。

1、工作性能。不同種類的電池有不同的充電要求，充電器主(zhu)要有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方式、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓等參數(shu)要求(qiu)。

（1）充電(dian)(dian)方式：規定了充電(dian)(dian)器是(shi)以(yi)恒(heng)流方式或(huo)是(shi)以(yi)恒(heng)壓方式給電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)。對目前普遍使用(yong)的(de)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)而(er)言(yan)，充電(dian)(dian)器的(de)充電(dian)(dian)方式應(ying)采(cai)用(yong)限流恒(heng)壓方式，即先以(yi)限流充電(dian)(dian)至電(dian)(dian)池(chi)限制充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓后能(neng)自動轉為恒(heng)壓充電(dian)(dian)。

（2）充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)：規(gui)定(ding)了充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)最(zui)大(da)輸出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大(da)小應與適用的電(dian)(dian)池的容量大(da)小相(xiang)匹配，一(yi)般應不(bu)大(da)于1C5A。

（3）充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)：規定了充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)最高(gao)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的高(gao)低取決于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)；對標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為3.6V的鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，要求充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)的最高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)一般為4.2V（實際上，手機用鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池都裝(zhuang)有保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置，因(yin)此充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)也可略高(gao)于4.2V，但為了保(bao)證安全，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不得高(gao)于4.5V）。

2、安全(quan)要(yao)求(qiu)。通(tong)俗來講就是(shi)要(yao)求(qiu)產品的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)路(lu)結(jie)構、機械結(jie)構和(he)(he)電(dian)氣性能(neng)等(deng)應符(fu)合一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)要(yao)求(qiu)，不管(guan)產品處在正常(chang)工作狀態或(huo)是(shi)異常(chang)（如(ru)輸(shu)出過載或(huo)短(duan)路(lu)、內部元器件(jian)失效或(huo)電(dian)路(lu)故障等(deng)）工作狀態，都不應危害(hai)人和(he)(he)財產的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)。為了達(da)到(dao)這一目的(de)(de)(de)，充(chong)電(dian)器產品的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)要(yao)求(qiu)（如(ru)防觸電(dian)保護性能(neng)、絕緣性能(neng)、溫度等(deng)等(deng)）應符(fu)合國家強制性標準GB4943-2001中所規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。

3、電磁兼容性。對充電器產品，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁兼容性(xing)要(yao)求(qiu)主要(yao)反映在電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁騷(sao)(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)方(fang)面(mian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁騷(sao)(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)分為(wei)傳(chuan)導騷(sao)(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)和(he)輻射(she)(she)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)。由于(yu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)諸多優點，因(yin)(yin)而(er)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)普遍采(cai)用開(kai)(kai)(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。但是(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中開(kai)(kai)(kai)關器(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)高頻開(kai)(kai)(kai)通與關閉，會產生(sheng)高頻諧波(bo)信(xin)號(hao)。這些高頻信(xin)號(hao)通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)端(duan)子(zi)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)網傳(chuan)播(bo)或通過(guo)空間輻射(she)(she)，將給環(huan)(huan)境(jing)帶來電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁污染，騷(sao)(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)周圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)正常工作(zuo)，嚴重的(de)(de)(de)還可能對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)運行及(ji)人體健康造(zao)成不良的(de)(de)(de)影響。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，為(wei)了減(jian)小環(huan)(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁污染，要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產品工作(zuo)時其電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)端(duan)子(zi)（或接(jie)口端(duan)子(zi)）騷(sao)(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)輻射(she)(she)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)場強應小于(yu)某一限值。對于(yu)手機用電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，其騷(sao)(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)場強應符合國家強制性(xing)標準(zhun)GB9254-1998中B級限值的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。

二、作為(wei)消費(fei)者，選購一個質量較好、適合使(shi)用的充電(dian)器產(chan)品以下幾點可供參考：

1、選購充電器時，應詳細閱讀產品使用說明書或產品標記說明。一般來說，有產品認證標志的充電器才(cai)有安全(quan)保證(zheng)。因此，應盡量選購(gou)有產(chan)品認證(zheng)標志的產(chan)品。

2、手機(ji)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)一般都兼備(bei)兩(liang)種充電(dian)(dian)措施(shi)，一種是(shi)(shi)帶機(ji)充電(dian)(dian)（充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)通過電(dian)(dian)連接器(qi)與手機(ji)配(pei)合給(gei)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)）；另一種是(shi)(shi)通過充電(dian)(dian)座給(gei)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)。選(xuan)購前，應清楚自己所用電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)類型、容量、標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)壓，以便選(xuan)購與之適配(pei)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。

3、目前手機使用的電池幾乎都是只有一個單體電芯、標稱電壓為3.6V、額定容量為500mAh～1000mAh的鋰離子電池。鋰離子電芯對充電電流和充電電壓的要求非常高；充電電流過大或充電電壓過高，會引起電芯內部化學反應巨變，使得內部溫度升高，導致電極、隔膜材料損壞或電芯膨脹爆炸。雖然，一般手機電池內部裝有具有過充、過放、過流保護功能的保護器。但為了安全、為了達到較好的充電效果，應選購最大輸出電壓為4.2V～4.5V、最大輸出電流為600mA～700mA的充電器。規范的充電器產品都應標明其使用范圍、輸出電壓和輸出電流等技術參數。有條件的話，選購時可用萬用表的適當測量檔測量充電器的輸出(chu)空載(zai)電壓和輸出(chu)短路電流(liu)，判(pan)斷其實際數(shu)據是否與所標技術參數(shu)一致。