手機充電器小常識

一、充電器產品質量的好壞可從其工(gong)作性能、安全(quan)要求和電磁兼容性三個方面來衡量。

1、工作性能。不同種類的電池有不同的充電要求，充電器主要有充(chong)電(dian)方式(shi)、充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流、充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)等參數(shu)要求(qiu)。

（1）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)：規定了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)是以(yi)恒(heng)流方(fang)(fang)式(shi)或(huo)是以(yi)恒(heng)壓方(fang)(fang)式(shi)給電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。對目前普遍(bian)使用(yong)的(de)鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池而言，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)應采(cai)用(yong)限流恒(heng)壓方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，即先以(yi)限流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)至電(dian)(dian)池限制(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓后能自(zi)動轉為恒(heng)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

（2）充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流：規定了(le)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)最大(da)輸出電(dian)流。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流的大(da)小應與適用(yong)的電(dian)池的容(rong)量大(da)小相匹配，一般應不大(da)于1C5A。

（3）充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)：規定了充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器最高輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)高低(di)取決于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)；對標稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)(wei)3.6V的(de)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，要求充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器輸(shu)出的(de)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一般(ban)為(wei)(wei)4.2V（實際上(shang)，手(shou)機用鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都裝有保(bao)護裝置，因此充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)也(ye)可略(lve)高于(yu)4.2V，但為(wei)(wei)了保(bao)證安全(quan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)得高于(yu)4.5V）。

2、安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)要求。通(tong)俗來講就是要求產品(pin)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)路結構、機械結構和電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)(xing)能等(deng)應(ying)符(fu)合一定(ding)的安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)要求，不管產品(pin)處在正常工(gong)作狀態(tai)或(huo)(huo)是異常（如輸出(chu)過載或(huo)(huo)短路、內(nei)部元器件失效(xiao)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路故障等(deng)）工(gong)作狀態(tai)，都不應(ying)危(wei)害人和財產的安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。為(wei)了(le)達(da)到這一目的，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器產品(pin)的安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)要求（如防觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護性(xing)(xing)能、絕緣性(xing)(xing)能、溫度等(deng)等(deng)）應(ying)符(fu)合國家強制(zhi)性(xing)(xing)標準(zhun)GB4943-2001中所規定(ding)的要求。

3、電磁兼容性。對充電器產(chan)品，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁兼容性(xing)要求主(zhu)要反映在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁騷(sao)擾(rao)方面。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁騷(sao)擾(rao)分為(wei)(wei)傳導騷(sao)擾(rao)和(he)輻(fu)射(she)騷(sao)擾(rao)。由于(yu)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)諸多(duo)優點，因(yin)而充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器普遍采用開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。但是開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源中開(kai)關(guan)器件(jian)的(de)高頻開(kai)通(tong)與關(guan)閉，會(hui)產(chan)生高頻諧波信(xin)號。這些高頻信(xin)號通(tong)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源端子經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網傳播或通(tong)過(guo)(guo)空間輻(fu)射(she)，將給環境(jing)帶來(lai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁污(wu)染(ran)，騷(sao)擾(rao)周圍(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備的(de)正常工作，嚴(yan)重的(de)還(huan)可能對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)安(an)全運(yun)行(xing)及(ji)人體健(jian)康造成不良的(de)影響。因(yin)此，為(wei)(wei)了減小環境(jing)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁污(wu)染(ran)，要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產(chan)品工作時其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源端子（或接口端子）騷(sao)擾(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)輻(fu)射(she)騷(sao)擾(rao)場(chang)強應小于(yu)某一(yi)限值。對(dui)于(yu)手(shou)機用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，其(qi)騷(sao)擾(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)騷(sao)擾(rao)場(chang)強應符合國(guo)家強制性(xing)標(biao)準(zhun)GB9254-1998中B級限值的(de)要求。

二、作為(wei)消(xiao)費者，選購一個(ge)質量較(jiao)好(hao)、適合使用的充電(dian)器產品以下幾(ji)點可供參考(kao)：

1、選購充電器時，應詳細閱讀產品使用說明書或產品標記說明。一般來說，有產品認證標志的充電器才有安全保(bao)證(zheng)。因此，應盡量選購有產品認證(zheng)標志的產品。

2、手(shou)(shou)機充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器一般都兼備(bei)兩種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)措(cuo)施，一種是帶機充(chong)電(dian)(dian)（充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)連(lian)接器與手(shou)(shou)機配合給電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)）；另一種是通(tong)過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)座給電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。選購前，應清楚(chu)自己所用電(dian)(dian)池的類型、容量、標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)壓，以便(bian)選購與之適(shi)配的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器。

3、目前手機使用的電池幾乎都是只有一個單體電芯、標稱電壓為3.6V、額定容量為500mAh～1000mAh的鋰離子電池。鋰離子電芯對充電電流和充電電壓的要求非常高；充電電流過大或充電電壓過高，會引起電芯內部化學反應巨變，使得內部溫度升高，導致電極、隔膜材料損壞或電芯膨脹爆炸。雖然，一般手機電池內部裝有具有過充、過放、過流保護功能的保護器。但為了安全、為了達到較好的充電效果，應選購最大輸出電壓為4.2V～4.5V、最大輸出電流為600mA～700mA的充電器。規范的充電器產品都應標明其使用范圍、輸出電壓和輸出電流等技術參數。有條件的話，選購時可用萬用表的適當測量檔測量充電器的輸(shu)(shu)出空載電(dian)壓(ya)和輸(shu)(shu)出短路(lu)電(dian)流，判斷其實際數據(ju)是否與所(suo)標技(ji)術參數一(yi)致。