1、近十(shi)年來，隨(sui)著(zhu)各種便(bian)攜(xie)式(shi)設(she)備（如手機(ji)、筆記本電(dian)(dian)腦 、攝(she)像機(ji) 、數碼(ma)相機(ji) 、PDA 等）的(de)(de)不(bu)斷推出 ，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)也隨(sui)之提(ti)(ti)高(gao)。以(yi)前，在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)類(lei)應(ying)用(yong)中(zhong) ，NiMH電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)(he)NiCD電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，以(yi)其(qi)低價格占有較大(da)優勢；但隨(sui)著(zhu)便(bian)攜(xie)式(shi)設(she)備對(dui)體積/重量的(de)(de)要求(qiu)越(yue)來越(yue)苛刻，工(gong)作和(he)(he)待機(ji)時(shi)間越(yue)來越(yue)長以(yi)及Li電(dian)(dian)池(chi)成本的(de)(de)不(bu)斷降低，使 Li電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)優勢性(xing)能在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)類(lei)應(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)得以(yi)充分的(de)(de)展示，被廣大(da)電(dian)(dian)子設(she)計工(gong)程師和(he)(he)消費者(zhe)所接(jie)受。隨(sui)著(zhu)Li電(dian)(dian)池(chi)性(xing)能的(de)(de)不(bu)斷提(ti)(ti)高(gao)和(he)(he)成本的(de)(de)進(jin)一步(bu)降低 ，Li電(dian)(dian)池(chi)將在(zai)(zai)許多應(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)取(qu)代NiCD和(he)(he)NiMH電(dian)(dian)池(chi) 。

　　雖然鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池有以(yi)上種種優(you)點和良好的市場前景，但它對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的要求(qiu)比較高(gao)，在(zai)使(shi)用過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)要避免出現(xian)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的現(xian)象。鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)如圖(tu)１所(suo)示，在(zai)一(yi)(yi)個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期內，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始之前需(xu)要檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和溫(wen)度(du)，判斷是(shi)否(fou)可充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或溫(wen)度(du)超出允許范圍(wei)，則(ze)禁(jin)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。每節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的允許充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)(wei)2.5-4.2V，溫(wen)度(du)為(wei)(wei)2.5-50℃。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池處于深放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的情(qing)況(kuang)下，必須要求(qiu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器具有預充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)過程(cheng)(cheng)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池滿(man)足快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的條件，然后根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池廠商推(tui)薦的快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)度(du)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進(jin)(jin)行恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)緩慢上升；一(yi)(yi)旦(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到所(suo)設定(ding)的終止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei) 4.1V 或4.2V），恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流快速(su)(su)衰(shuai)減(jian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)(jin)入滿(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)過程(cheng)(cheng)；在(zai)滿(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐漸衰(shuai)減(jian)，直(zhi)到滿(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)間超時(shi)，轉入頂端(duan)(duan)(duan)截(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；頂端(duan)(duan)(duan)截(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器以(yi)極小的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)能(neng)量；頂端(duan)(duan)(duan)截(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)段時(shi)間后，關閉充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

2　MAX1501簡介
　　
　　MAXIM公司的MAX1501是一(yi)種(zhong)全新的溫度調節線性充(chong)電(dian)器采用16引腳TQFN封(feng)裝(zhuang)，可(ke)為鋰離子、鎳鎘、鎳氫電(dian)池進行充(chong)電(dian).MAX1501的特(te)點及其引腳功能。它(ta)具有如(ru)下特(te)點：

　　1.獨立運行或由微處理器控制的線性充電方案；

　　2.輸入大于6.5v時充電停止；

　　3.電流檢測監視器輸出(chu)；

　　4.電池電壓下降(jiang)4v以下后自動啟動充電；

　　5.無電池時仍然保持(chi)穩定(ding)輸出；

　　6.集成了PMOSFET.反向阻(zu)斷二極(ji)管和檢測電(dian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)；

　　7.薄(bo)型QFN封(feng)裝的(de)多化學類型充電器。

3　MAX1501引腳(jiao)功能

　　INP：高電(dian)流充電(dian)輸入(ru)；

　　IN: 低(di)電流充電輸入；

　　GND： 地.連接外(wai)部開關到地；

　　SETI：電流(liu)傳感(gan)跨(kua)導(dao)放大輸出(chu)；

　　VL： 線(xian)性(xing)輸(shu)出調(diao)整(zheng)器(qi)；

　　TMAX： 輸入最大(da)充電(dian)時間選(xuan)擇(ze)(僅對max1501)；

　　IC：　 MAX1501Z的內部連接.隨(sui)浮動；

　　FULLI： 最大(da)關(guan)閉電(dian)流(liu)選(xuan)擇輸入；

　　TEMP：衰耗溫度選擇輸入；
　　

4　鋰離子電池充電器的研制

　　MAX1501的最典型(xing)的應用是能夠(gou)用10%的快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)對鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，用一個(ge)(ge)軟啟動系(xi)統持續增(zeng)加充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。以每20ms增(zeng)加10%直到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達到(dao)2.8V，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達到(dao)規格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)4.1V/4.2V時進入(ru)常(chang)壓(ya)(ya)狀態并且減少(shao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。在SETI與地之間設(she)置一個(ge)(ge)晶體管(guan)來控制快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，并且通過(guo)減少(shao)輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)使MAX1501遠離過(guo)熱，溫度調(diao)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)路調(diao)節MAX1501的溫度。當(dang)到(dao)達頂端關斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的關斷值(zhi)時RLED腳作用一個(ge)(ge)高阻抗

進(jin)入低(di)維護狀態。 當電(dian)池電(dian)壓低(di)與95%時，通過(guo)設(she)置(zhi)SELV可以自動進(jin)行(xing)在充電(dian)。

　　（1）設置充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流

　　設定電阻充(chong)電電流根據(ju)下列公式

　　（2）設置(zhi)電容

　　為了(le)獲得合適(shi)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性，可以用一個陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)最常(chang)用10uF 5R陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)來(lai)連接BATT到GND。將IN和INP連接起來(lai)并且到GND用1uF的(de)陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)。由(you)于過高輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓或(huo)過高充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，可用更大的(de)輸(shu)(shu)入途徑電(dian)(dian)容(rong)來(lai)降(jiang)低噪聲。

　　（3）設置溫度調節

　　在(zai)邏輯輸入(ru)條件下設(she)置規則的(de)死機溫(wen)度(du)，MAX1501通過降(jiang)低充電電流來限制由TEMP設(she)定的(de)死機溫(wen)度(du)值。MAX1501運行(xing)正常，溫(wen)度(du)環路不會顯(xian)示異常情況(kuang)。TEMP允許在(zai)提供過多(duo)的(de)能量(liang)損失的(de)保護的(de)前提下將充電電流擴展到(dao)最大限度(du)。

　　（4）設置充電(dian)時間

　　在TMAX邏輯輸入條件下(xia)設置(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間。TMAX限(xian)制充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)周期用來保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過長。將(jiang)(jiang)TMAX與GND連接起來可(ke)將(jiang)(jiang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)長充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間設置(zhi)(zhi)為三小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。將(jiang)(jiang)TMAX懸空(kong)可(ke)將(jiang)(jiang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間設置(zhi)(zhi)為4.5小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。將(jiang)(jiang)TMAX和VL連接起來可(ke)將(jiang)(jiang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)長充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間設置(zhi)(zhi)為6小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。

　　（5）綜述討論

　　MAX1501和(he)一個(ge)微處理器相結合從而決定它有很好的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方案專用的(de)(de)(de)熱調(diao)節(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)路用來(lai)限制電(dian)(dian)路節(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)度，當快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)或當環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度很高的(de)(de)(de)時候確保最大充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不會損壞充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，在沒有電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)情況下MAX1501提(ti)供可(ke)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，在允許電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)情況下這個(ge)裝置(zhi)有較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)適(shi)應性(xing), 安全時間內(nei)可(ke)以(yi)提(ti)供一個(ge)可(ke)調(diao)整的(de)(de)(de)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu),頂(ding)端關斷電(dian)(dian)流(liu),.并且有熱量(liang)方嵌條調(diao)整點(dian)(dian)(dian).其它特點(dian)(dian)(dian)包(bao)括輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)量(liang)檢測

并(bing)(bing)且有(you)輸入低(di)的過壓保護和規定了(le)較低(di)的控(kong)制輸入.MAX1501能夠接受一個4.5V到13V的電(dian)壓供電(dian).但是當(dang)輸入電(dian)壓超過6.5伏時為(wei)了(le)防止過多(duo)的能量消耗MAX1501充電(dian)停止.MAX1501擴大了(le)溫(wen)度(du)范(fan)圍(-40°C to +85°C)并(bing)(bing)且體積也減小了(le).

5　結束語

　　本文介紹了一種采用ＭＡＸ1501 充電控制芯片設計的簡單實用的鋰離子電池充電器，最(zui)后對(dui)電路(lu)的(de)特性及充電參數的(de)設置(zhi)進行(xing)了(le)分析。