1、近十年來(lai)，隨著(zhu)各種便(bian)攜式設備（如手機、筆記本(ben)電(dian)腦 、攝像(xiang)機 、數碼相機 、PDA 等）的(de)(de)不(bu)斷推出 ，對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)要求也(ye)隨之提高。以前，在(zai)這類(lei)應(ying)(ying)用中 ，NiMH電(dian)池(chi)和NiCD電(dian)池(chi)，以其低價格占有(you)較大(da)優(you)勢(shi)；但(dan)隨著(zhu)便(bian)攜式設備對(dui)體積/重量的(de)(de)要求越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)苛刻，工作和待機時間越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)長以及Li電(dian)池(chi)成本(ben)的(de)(de)不(bu)斷降(jiang)低，使 Li電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)性能在(zai)這類(lei)應(ying)(ying)用中得(de)以充分的(de)(de)展示，被廣大(da)電(dian)子設計工程師和消費(fei)者(zhe)所接受。隨著(zhu)Li電(dian)池(chi)性能的(de)(de)不(bu)斷提高和成本(ben)的(de)(de)進一步降(jiang)低 ，Li電(dian)池(chi)將在(zai)許多應(ying)(ying)用中取代NiCD和NiMH電(dian)池(chi) 。

　　雖然鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)有以上種種優點和(he)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場前景，但它對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)比較高，在(zai)使用過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)要避免出現過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)。鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)如圖(tu)１所示，在(zai)一個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期(qi)內(nei)，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始(shi)之前需要檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)溫度(du)(du)，判斷是否可充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)或溫度(du)(du)超(chao)出允許(xu)范(fan)圍，則禁(jin)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。每(mei)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)允許(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)2.5-4.2V，溫度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)2.5-50℃。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)處于深放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)情況下，必(bi)須要求(qiu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器具有預充(chong)(chong)(chong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)滿(man)足快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件，然后根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)廠商推薦的(de)(de)(de)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)(du)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進行恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)緩慢(man)上升；一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達(da)到(dao)所設定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（一般(ban)為(wei)(wei) 4.1V 或4.2V），恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止(zhi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)快速衰(shuai)減，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進入滿(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)；在(zai)滿(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸衰(shuai)減，直到(dao)滿(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)時間超(chao)時，轉入頂(ding)端(duan)截(jie)(jie)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；頂(ding)端(duan)截(jie)(jie)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器以極(ji)小的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)能量；頂(ding)端(duan)截(jie)(jie)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一段(duan)時間后，關閉充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

2　MAX1501簡介
　　
　　MAXIM公司的(de)MAX1501是一種全新的(de)溫度調節線(xian)性充電器采(cai)用16引腳TQFN封裝(zhuang)，可為鋰離子、鎳鎘、鎳氫電池進行充電.MAX1501的(de)特點及其引腳功能(neng)。它具有如下特點：

　　1.獨立運(yun)行或(huo)由微處理器控(kong)制的線性充電(dian)方案；

　　2.輸入大于6.5v時充電(dian)停止(zhi)；

　　3.電流檢測(ce)監視(shi)器(qi)輸出；

　　4.電(dian)池電(dian)壓下降4v以下后自動啟動充電(dian)；

　　5.無電池時仍然保持穩定輸出；

　　6.集成(cheng)了PMOSFET.反向阻斷二極管(guan)和(he)檢測(ce)電流電阻；

　　7.薄型(xing)QFN封裝的多(duo)化學類型(xing)充電(dian)器。

3　MAX1501引(yin)腳功能

　　INP：高電流充(chong)電輸入；

　　IN: 低電流充電輸入；

　　GND： 地.連接外部開關到(dao)地；

　　SETI：電流傳感跨導放大輸出；

　　VL： 線性輸出調(diao)整器(qi)；

　　TMAX： 輸入最(zui)大充電時間(jian)選(xuan)擇(ze)(僅對max1501)；

　　IC：　 MAX1501Z的(de)內部連接.隨浮動；

　　FULLI： 最大(da)關閉電流(liu)選擇輸入；

　　TEMP：衰耗溫度選擇輸入；
　　

4　鋰離子電池充電器的研制

　　MAX1501的(de)最典型的(de)應用是能夠用10%的(de)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)對鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池進行預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，用一(yi)個軟啟動系統持續(xu)增(zeng)加充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。以每20ms增(zeng)加10%直到電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到2.8V，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到規格電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)4.1V/4.2V時進入常(chang)壓(ya)狀態并(bing)且(qie)減少(shao)(shao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。在SETI與地之間設置一(yi)個晶體管來(lai)控制(zhi)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，并(bing)且(qie)通過減少(shao)(shao)輸入電(dian)(dian)流(liu)使MAX1501遠離過熱(re)，溫度(du)調(diao)(diao)節電(dian)(dian)路調(diao)(diao)節MAX1501的(de)溫度(du)。當(dang)到達(da)頂端關(guan)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)關(guan)斷(duan)值時RLED腳作用一(yi)個高阻(zu)抗

進(jin)入低維護狀態。 當電池電壓低與95%時，通過設置SELV可(ke)以自(zi)動(dong)進(jin)行(xing)在充電。

　　（1）設置充電(dian)電(dian)流

　　設(she)定電(dian)阻充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)根據下列公式

　　（2）設置電容(rong)

　　為了(le)獲(huo)得合適的穩定性，可(ke)以(yi)用一個(ge)陶(tao)瓷電(dian)容(rong)(rong)最常用10uF 5R陶(tao)瓷電(dian)容(rong)(rong)來(lai)連接BATT到GND。將(jiang)IN和INP連接起(qi)來(lai)并且到GND用1uF的陶(tao)瓷電(dian)容(rong)(rong)。由于過高(gao)輸(shu)入電(dian)壓或(huo)過高(gao)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流，可(ke)用更(geng)大的輸(shu)入途徑電(dian)容(rong)(rong)來(lai)降低噪聲。

　　（3）設(she)置溫度(du)調節

　　在(zai)邏輯輸(shu)入(ru)條件(jian)下(xia)設(she)(she)置規(gui)則的(de)死機溫(wen)度(du)(du)，MAX1501通(tong)過(guo)降低充電(dian)電(dian)流來限(xian)制由TEMP設(she)(she)定的(de)死機溫(wen)度(du)(du)值。MAX1501運行正常(chang)，溫(wen)度(du)(du)環路不會(hui)顯(xian)示異常(chang)情況。TEMP允許(xu)在(zai)提(ti)供過(guo)多的(de)能量損(sun)失的(de)保護(hu)的(de)前(qian)提(ti)下(xia)將(jiang)充電(dian)電(dian)流擴展到(dao)最大限(xian)度(du)(du)。

　　（4）設(she)置充電時間

　　在(zai)TMAX邏輯輸入條件下設(she)置最(zui)大(da)(da)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)。TMAX限制充電(dian)(dian)周期用(yong)來保護電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)過長(chang)。將(jiang)TMAX與GND連接(jie)起來可將(jiang)最(zui)長(chang)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)設(she)置為三小時(shi)。將(jiang)TMAX懸空(kong)可將(jiang)最(zui)大(da)(da)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)設(she)置為4.5小時(shi)。將(jiang)TMAX和VL連接(jie)起來可將(jiang)最(zui)長(chang)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)設(she)置為6小時(shi)。

　　（5）綜述討論

　　MAX1501和一(yi)個微(wei)處(chu)理器相結(jie)合從而決定它有(you)很(hen)好的(de)充電(dian)(dian)方(fang)案專用(yong)的(de)熱(re)調(diao)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)路用(yong)來限(xian)制電(dian)(dian)路節(jie)點(dian)溫度(du)，當快(kuai)速(su)充電(dian)(dian)或(huo)當環境(jing)溫度(du)很(hen)高的(de)時候確保最大充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流不會損壞充電(dian)(dian)器，在沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)情(qing)況下MAX1501提供可(ke)(ke)調(diao)節(jie)的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓，在允許電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)的(de)情(qing)況下這(zhe)個裝置有(you)較高的(de)適應性, 安全時間(jian)內(nei)可(ke)(ke)以提供一(yi)個可(ke)(ke)調(diao)整的(de)快(kuai)速(su)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流,頂端關(guan)斷電(dian)(dian)流,.并且有(you)熱(re)量方(fang)嵌條(tiao)調(diao)整點(dian).其它特點(dian)包括輸入電(dian)(dian)量檢(jian)測(ce)

并且(qie)有輸入(ru)(ru)低的過(guo)(guo)壓保護和規定了較低的控(kong)制輸入(ru)(ru).MAX1501能夠接受一個4.5V到13V的電(dian)壓供電(dian).但是當輸入(ru)(ru)電(dian)壓超過(guo)(guo)6.5伏時(shi)為了防(fang)止過(guo)(guo)多的能量(liang)消(xiao)耗MAX1501充電(dian)停止.MAX1501擴大了溫度范圍(-40°C to +85°C)并且(qie)體積(ji)也減小了.

5　結束語

　　本文介紹了一種采用ＭＡＸ1501 充電控制芯片設計的簡單實用的鋰離子電池充電器，最后對電(dian)路(lu)的特(te)性(xing)及充(chong)電(dian)參(can)數的設(she)置進行了分析。