1、近十年來，隨著各種便攜(xie)式設備（如手(shou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、筆記本電(dian)腦 、攝像機(ji)(ji)(ji) 、數碼相機(ji)(ji)(ji) 、PDA 等）的(de)(de)不(bu)斷推(tui)出 ，對(dui)電(dian)池的(de)(de)要(yao)求也隨之提(ti)高(gao)。以前，在這(zhe)類應(ying)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong) ，NiMH電(dian)池和(he)NiCD電(dian)池，以其(qi)低(di)(di)價格(ge)占有(you)較(jiao)大優勢(shi)；但隨著便攜(xie)式設備對(dui)體積(ji)/重量的(de)(de)要(yao)求越(yue)來越(yue)苛(ke)刻，工作和(he)待機(ji)(ji)(ji)時間(jian)越(yue)來越(yue)長以及Li電(dian)池成本的(de)(de)不(bu)斷降低(di)(di)，使 Li電(dian)池的(de)(de)優勢(shi)性能在這(zhe)類應(ying)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)得(de)以充分的(de)(de)展(zhan)示，被廣大電(dian)子設計工程師(shi)和(he)消費者所接受。隨著Li電(dian)池性能的(de)(de)不(bu)斷提(ti)高(gao)和(he)成本的(de)(de)進一步降低(di)(di) ，Li電(dian)池將在許(xu)多應(ying)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)取代NiCD和(he)NiMH電(dian)池 。

　　雖然(ran)鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)有以(yi)上(shang)(shang)種種優點和(he)(he)良(liang)好的(de)(de)市場前景，但它對充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)要求比較高(gao)，在(zai)(zai)使用過(guo)程中(zhong)要避免(mian)出現(xian)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)現(xian)象。鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程如圖１所示，在(zai)(zai)一個充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期內，鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)之前需要檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)(he)溫(wen)(wen)度，判斷(duan)是否(fou)可充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或(huo)溫(wen)(wen)度超出允(yun)許范(fan)圍(wei)，則禁止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。每(mei)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)允(yun)許充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為2.5-4.2V，溫(wen)(wen)度為2.5-50℃。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)處(chu)于(yu)深(shen)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，必須要求充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)具(ju)有預充(chong)(chong)(chong)過(guo)程，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)滿足快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)條件(jian)，然(ran)后根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)廠商推薦的(de)(de)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進行恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)緩(huan)慢上(shang)(shang)升；一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到(dao)所設(she)定的(de)(de)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（一般(ban)為 4.1V 或(huo)4.2V），恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)快速衰(shuai)減，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進入(ru)滿充(chong)(chong)(chong)過(guo)程；在(zai)(zai)滿充(chong)(chong)(chong)過(guo)程中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸(jian)衰(shuai)減，直(zhi)到(dao)滿充(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)間(jian)超時(shi)，轉入(ru)頂(ding)端截(jie)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；頂(ding)端截(jie)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)以(yi)極小的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)補充(chong)(chong)(chong)能量；頂(ding)端截(jie)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一段時(shi)間(jian)后，關(guan)閉充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

2　MAX1501簡介
　　
　　MAXIM公司的MAX1501是一(yi)種全新的溫度(du)調節線性充電器采(cai)用16引(yin)腳(jiao)TQFN封(feng)裝，可為鋰離(li)子、鎳鎘(ge)、鎳氫(qing)電池進行充電.MAX1501的特點及其引(yin)腳(jiao)功(gong)能。它具有(you)如下(xia)特點：

　　1.獨立運(yun)行(xing)或由(you)微處理(li)器控制的線(xian)性充電方(fang)案；

　　2.輸入大于6.5v時充電停止；

　　3.電流檢測(ce)監視器輸(shu)出；

　　4.電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)下降4v以(yi)下后自(zi)動啟動充(chong)電(dian)；

　　5.無電池時(shi)仍然保持穩定輸出；

　　6.集成了PMOSFET.反向阻斷(duan)二極管和檢測電流電阻；

　　7.薄型QFN封裝的多化學(xue)類型充電(dian)器。

3　MAX1501引腳功(gong)能

　　INP：高電流充(chong)電輸入；

　　IN: 低電(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)輸入；

　　GND： 地.連接外部開關到地；

　　SETI：電(dian)流傳感跨導放(fang)大輸出；

　　VL： 線性(xing)輸出調整器；

　　TMAX： 輸(shu)入最大充電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)選(xuan)擇(僅對(dui)max1501)；

　　IC：　 MAX1501Z的內部連接.隨浮動；

　　FULLI： 最大關(guan)閉電流(liu)選擇輸入；

　　TEMP：衰耗溫度選擇輸入；
　　

4　鋰離子電池充電器的研制

　　MAX1501的(de)最典型的(de)應用(yong)是能(neng)夠用(yong)10%的(de)快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)對鋰離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行預充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)一個軟啟動系統持續增加充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。以每20ms增加10%直到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達(da)到(dao)2.8V，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達(da)到(dao)規格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓4.1V/4.2V時進(jin)入常壓狀(zhuang)態并(bing)且減(jian)少充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。在SETI與地(di)之(zhi)間(jian)設(she)置一個晶(jing)體(ti)管(guan)來控制快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，并(bing)且通過減(jian)少輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)使MAX1501遠離(li)(li)過熱，溫度(du)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路調(diao)節(jie)(jie)MAX1501的(de)溫度(du)。當(dang)到(dao)達(da)頂端關斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)關斷值時RLED腳作用(yong)一個高(gao)阻抗

進(jin)入低維(wei)護狀態。 當電(dian)池電(dian)壓低與95%時，通過(guo)設置SELV可以自動(dong)進(jin)行在充電(dian)。

　　（1）設置充電電流(liu)

　　設定電阻充電電流根據下列公式

　　（2）設置電容

　　為了獲得合適的穩定性，可以用(yong)一個陶瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)最常用(yong)10uF 5R陶瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)來連接BATT到(dao)(dao)GND。將IN和INP連接起(qi)來并(bing)且到(dao)(dao)GND用(yong)1uF的陶瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)。由于過(guo)高(gao)輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓或過(guo)高(gao)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，可用(yong)更(geng)大的輸(shu)入途徑電(dian)(dian)容(rong)來降低噪聲(sheng)。

　　（3）設置溫度調節

　　在(zai)邏輯輸入條件下設置規(gui)則的死(si)機溫(wen)度(du)，MAX1501通(tong)過降低充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流來限(xian)制由TEMP設定的死(si)機溫(wen)度(du)值(zhi)。MAX1501運行(xing)正(zheng)常，溫(wen)度(du)環路不會顯(xian)示異常情況。TEMP允許(xu)在(zai)提供過多的能量損失的保護的前提下將(jiang)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流擴展到最(zui)大限(xian)度(du)。

　　（4）設置(zhi)充(chong)電時間

　　在TMAX邏輯輸入條件下設(she)(she)置(zhi)最大充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)。TMAX限制充(chong)(chong)電(dian)周期用來(lai)保護電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過長(chang)(chang)。將TMAX與GND連接起來(lai)可(ke)將最長(chang)(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)置(zhi)為(wei)三小時(shi)(shi)。將TMAX懸空可(ke)將最大充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)置(zhi)為(wei)4.5小時(shi)(shi)。將TMAX和VL連接起來(lai)可(ke)將最長(chang)(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)置(zhi)為(wei)6小時(shi)(shi)。

　　（5）綜述討論

　　MAX1501和一(yi)個微處理器(qi)相(xiang)結合從而決定它(ta)有很好的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方(fang)案專(zhuan)用(yong)的(de)(de)熱調(diao)節電(dian)路(lu)(lu)用(yong)來限制電(dian)路(lu)(lu)節點溫度，當快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)或當環境溫度很高(gao)的(de)(de)時候確保最大充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流不會損壞(huai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，在沒有電(dian)池的(de)(de)情況下(xia)MAX1501提供(gong)(gong)可(ke)(ke)調(diao)節的(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓，在允許電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)情況下(xia)這個裝置有較高(gao)的(de)(de)適應(ying)性, 安(an)全時間內可(ke)(ke)以提供(gong)(gong)一(yi)個可(ke)(ke)調(diao)整的(de)(de)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流,頂端關斷電(dian)流,.并且有熱量(liang)(liang)方(fang)嵌條調(diao)整點.其它(ta)特(te)點包括輸入電(dian)量(liang)(liang)檢測

并且有輸入(ru)低的(de)(de)過(guo)壓保(bao)護和規(gui)定(ding)了較低的(de)(de)控制輸入(ru).MAX1501能(neng)夠接受(shou)一個4.5V到13V的(de)(de)電壓供電.但是當輸入(ru)電壓超(chao)過(guo)6.5伏時(shi)為了防止過(guo)多的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)消耗(hao)MAX1501充電停止.MAX1501擴大了溫(wen)度范圍(-40°C to +85°C)并且體積也減小了.

5　結束語

　　本文介紹了一種采用ＭＡＸ1501 充電控制芯片設計的簡單實用的鋰離子電池充電器，最后(hou)對(dui)電路的特性及(ji)充電參數的設置(zhi)進行了分析。