1、近十年來(lai)，隨(sui)著各種便攜式(shi)設備(bei)（如手機(ji)、筆記本電腦 、攝像機(ji) 、數碼相(xiang)機(ji) 、PDA 等）的不斷推出 ，對電池(chi)的要(yao)求也隨(sui)之提(ti)高。以(yi)前，在(zai)這類應用中 ，NiMH電池(chi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)NiCD電池(chi)，以(yi)其(qi)低價格占有較大(da)優勢(shi)；但隨(sui)著便攜式(shi)設備(bei)對體積/重量(liang)的要(yao)求越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)苛刻，工(gong)作和(he)(he)(he)(he)待機(ji)時間越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)長以(yi)及Li電池(chi)成本的不斷降(jiang)低，使 Li電池(chi)的優勢(shi)性(xing)能在(zai)這類應用中得以(yi)充分的展(zhan)示，被(bei)廣大(da)電子設計工(gong)程師和(he)(he)(he)(he)消費者所接受(shou)。隨(sui)著Li電池(chi)性(xing)能的不斷提(ti)高和(he)(he)(he)(he)成本的進(jin)一步降(jiang)低 ，Li電池(chi)將在(zai)許多應用中取代NiCD和(he)(he)(he)(he)NiMH電池(chi) 。

　　雖然鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)有(you)以上種種優(you)點(dian)和(he)(he)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)前(qian)景，但它對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求比較(jiao)高，在使用過(guo)程(cheng)中要(yao)避免出(chu)現(xian)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象。鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)如(ru)圖(tu)１所(suo)示，在一個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期內，鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始之前(qian)需要(yao)檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)(he)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)，判(pan)斷是否可充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或(huo)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)超出(chu)允許(xu)范圍(wei)，則禁(jin)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。每(mei)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)允許(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)2.5-4.2V，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)為(wei)2.5-50℃。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)處于(yu)深放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，必須要(yao)求充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器具有(you)預充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)過(guo)程(cheng)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)滿足快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件，然后根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)廠商推薦的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度(du)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進行恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)緩(huan)慢上升；一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到所(suo)設定的(de)(de)(de)(de)終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（一般為(wei) 4.1V 或(huo)4.2V），恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)快速(su)衰減，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進入滿充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)過(guo)程(cheng)；在滿充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)過(guo)程(cheng)中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸衰減，直(zhi)到滿充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)間超時(shi)(shi)，轉入頂(ding)(ding)端截止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；頂(ding)(ding)端截止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器以極小的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)能量；頂(ding)(ding)端截止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一段時(shi)(shi)間后，關閉充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

2　MAX1501簡介
　　
　　MAXIM公司的(de)MAX1501是一(yi)種全新的(de)溫度調(diao)節線性充電器采用16引腳TQFN封裝，可為(wei)鋰(li)離子、鎳(nie)鎘、鎳(nie)氫(qing)電池進行(xing)充電.MAX1501的(de)特點及其引腳功能。它(ta)具有如下特點：

　　1.獨立運(yun)行或由微處(chu)理器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)的線性充(chong)電方案(an)；

　　2.輸入大于6.5v時(shi)充電停止；

　　3.電(dian)流檢(jian)測監視器(qi)輸出(chu)；

　　4.電(dian)池電(dian)壓下降4v以下后自動(dong)啟(qi)動(dong)充電(dian)；

　　5.無(wu)電池時仍然保持穩(wen)定輸出(chu)；

　　6.集(ji)成了PMOSFET.反(fan)向阻斷二極管(guan)和檢(jian)測(ce)電流電阻；

　　7.薄型QFN封裝的多(duo)化學類(lei)型充電器。

3　MAX1501引腳功能

　　INP：高電流充電輸入；

　　IN: 低(di)電流(liu)充電輸入；

　　GND： 地.連接外部開(kai)關到地；

　　SETI：電流傳感跨導放大(da)輸出；

　　VL： 線性輸出調整器；

　　TMAX： 輸入最大充電時間選擇(僅對max1501)；

　　IC：　 MAX1501Z的內部(bu)連接.隨浮動；

　　FULLI： 最大關閉電(dian)流選擇(ze)輸入；

　　TEMP：衰耗溫度選擇輸入；
　　

4　鋰離子電池充電器的研制

　　MAX1501的最典型(xing)的應用(yong)是能夠用(yong)10%的快速充電(dian)電(dian)流對鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池進行預(yu)充電(dian)，用(yong)一(yi)個(ge)軟(ruan)啟動系統持(chi)續(xu)增(zeng)加充電(dian)電(dian)流。以(yi)每(mei)20ms增(zeng)加10%直到(dao)電(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到(dao)2.8V，當(dang)電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到(dao)規(gui)格電(dian)壓(ya)4.1V/4.2V時(shi)進入(ru)常壓(ya)狀態并(bing)(bing)且減少充電(dian)電(dian)流。在(zai)SETI與地之間設置(zhi)一(yi)個(ge)晶體(ti)管來控制快速充電(dian)電(dian)流，并(bing)(bing)且通過減少輸入(ru)電(dian)流使MAX1501遠離過熱(re)，溫(wen)度(du)(du)調節電(dian)路(lu)調節MAX1501的溫(wen)度(du)(du)。當(dang)到(dao)達(da)頂端關(guan)斷(duan)電(dian)流的關(guan)斷(duan)值時(shi)RLED腳作用(yong)一(yi)個(ge)高阻抗

進(jin)入低維護狀態。 當電池電壓低與95%時，通過設置(zhi)SELV可以自(zi)動進(jin)行在充電。

　　（1）設(she)置充電(dian)電(dian)流

　　設定電(dian)阻充電(dian)電(dian)流根據(ju)下列(lie)公式

　　（2）設(she)置(zhi)電(dian)容

　　為了獲得(de)合適的(de)穩定性，可(ke)以用(yong)一(yi)個陶瓷電容最常用(yong)10uF 5R陶瓷電容來連接BATT到(dao)GND。將IN和INP連接起來并且到(dao)GND用(yong)1uF的(de)陶瓷電容。由于(yu)過高輸入電壓或過高充電電流，可(ke)用(yong)更大的(de)輸入途徑電容來降低噪聲。

　　（3）設(she)置溫度(du)調節

　　在邏輯輸入(ru)條件(jian)下(xia)設(she)置規(gui)則(ze)的(de)死(si)機溫(wen)(wen)度，MAX1501通過降低(di)充(chong)電電流來限(xian)制由TEMP設(she)定的(de)死(si)機溫(wen)(wen)度值。MAX1501運(yun)行正常，溫(wen)(wen)度環路不(bu)會(hui)顯(xian)示異常情況。TEMP允許在提供(gong)過多的(de)能量損失的(de)保(bao)護的(de)前(qian)提下(xia)將充(chong)電電流擴展到最(zui)大限(xian)度。

　　（4）設置(zhi)充電時間(jian)

　　在TMAX邏輯輸入條件下設(she)置最(zui)大充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。TMAX限制充(chong)(chong)電周期用(yong)來保護電池充(chong)(chong)電過(guo)長。將TMAX與(yu)GND連接起來可將最(zui)長充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)(shi)間(jian)設(she)置為(wei)三小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。將TMAX懸(xuan)空可將最(zui)大充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)(shi)間(jian)設(she)置為(wei)4.5小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。將TMAX和VL連接起來可將最(zui)長充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)(shi)間(jian)設(she)置為(wei)6小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。

　　（5）綜述討論

　　MAX1501和一個微(wei)處理器(qi)相(xiang)結合從而決(jue)定它有(you)(you)很(hen)好的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)方案(an)專(zhuan)用的(de)(de)熱調節(jie)電(dian)路用來限制電(dian)路節(jie)點溫(wen)度，當快速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)或(huo)當環境溫(wen)度很(hen)高的(de)(de)時(shi)候確保最(zui)大充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流不會損壞充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，在沒有(you)(you)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)情況下MAX1501提供可(ke)調節(jie)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)壓，在允(yun)許電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)情況下這(zhe)個裝置有(you)(you)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)適(shi)應性(xing), 安全(quan)時(shi)間內可(ke)以提供一個可(ke)調整的(de)(de)快速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流,頂端關斷電(dian)流,.并(bing)且有(you)(you)熱量(liang)方嵌條調整點.其它特點包括(kuo)輸(shu)入電(dian)量(liang)檢測

并(bing)且有輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)低(di)的過(guo)壓(ya)保護和規定了(le)較低(di)的控(kong)制輸(shu)(shu)入(ru).MAX1501能夠接受一個4.5V到(dao)13V的電(dian)壓(ya)供電(dian).但是當輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)壓(ya)超(chao)過(guo)6.5伏時(shi)為了(le)防止過(guo)多的能量(liang)消耗MAX1501充電(dian)停止.MAX1501擴大了(le)溫度范(fan)圍(-40°C to +85°C)并(bing)且體積也(ye)減小了(le).

5　結束語

　　本文介紹了一種采用ＭＡＸ1501 充電控制芯片設計的簡單實用的鋰離子電池充電器，最后對電(dian)路的(de)特性(xing)及充(chong)電(dian)參數的(de)設置(zhi)進行(xing)了分(fen)析。