1、近十年來，隨著(zhu)(zhu)各種便攜(xie)式設(she)備(bei)（如手機(ji)(ji)、筆記本(ben)電(dian)(dian)腦 、攝像機(ji)(ji) 、數碼相機(ji)(ji) 、PDA 等）的(de)不(bu)斷推出 ，對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)要(yao)求也(ye)隨之(zhi)提高(gao)。以前，在(zai)這類應(ying)用中 ，NiMH電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)NiCD電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，以其低價格(ge)占(zhan)有較大優勢；但隨著(zhu)(zhu)便攜(xie)式設(she)備(bei)對體積/重量的(de)要(yao)求越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)苛刻，工作和(he)待機(ji)(ji)時間越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)長以及Li電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)成本(ben)的(de)不(bu)斷降(jiang)(jiang)低，使(shi) Li電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)優勢性(xing)能在(zai)這類應(ying)用中得以充分(fen)的(de)展(zhan)示，被廣大電(dian)(dian)子設(she)計工程師和(he)消費者所(suo)接(jie)受。隨著(zhu)(zhu)Li電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)性(xing)能的(de)不(bu)斷提高(gao)和(he)成本(ben)的(de)進(jin)一步(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)低 ，Li電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)將在(zai)許多應(ying)用中取代(dai)NiCD和(he)NiMH電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi) 。

　　雖然(ran)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)有以上種種優點和(he)良好的(de)(de)市場前景，但它對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)要(yao)求比(bi)較高，在使用過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中要(yao)避免(mian)出現過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)過(guo)(guo)(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)現象。鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)如圖１所示(shi)，在一個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期內(nei)，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始之前需要(yao)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)溫度(du)，判斷是否可充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或溫度(du)超出允許(xu)范圍，則禁止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。每(mei)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)允許(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)2.5-4.2V，溫度(du)為(wei)2.5-50℃。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)處于深放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)，必須(xu)要(yao)求充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器具有預充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)滿(man)足快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)條件，然(ran)后根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)廠(chang)商推薦的(de)(de)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)行(xing)恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)緩慢上升；一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到(dao)所設定的(de)(de)終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（一般為(wei) 4.1V 或4.2V），恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流快(kuai)速衰減(jian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)入(ru)滿(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)；在滿(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐漸衰減(jian)，直到(dao)滿(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)間超時(shi)，轉入(ru)頂(ding)端(duan)截止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；頂(ding)端(duan)截止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器以極小的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)能(neng)量；頂(ding)端(duan)截止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一段時(shi)間后，關閉充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

2　MAX1501簡介
　　
　　MAXIM公司的MAX1501是一種全新的溫度調(diao)節(jie)線性(xing)充(chong)電器采(cai)用16引腳TQFN封裝(zhuang)，可為(wei)鋰離(li)子、鎳鎘、鎳氫電池進行充(chong)電.MAX1501的特(te)點及其引腳功能。它(ta)具有如下特(te)點：

　　1.獨立運行或(huo)由微處理(li)器(qi)控(kong)制的線性充電方案；

　　2.輸入大于6.5v時充電停止(zhi)；

　　3.電流檢測監視(shi)器輸出；

　　4.電池電壓下降4v以下后自(zi)動啟動充電；

　　5.無電池時仍然保持穩定輸出；

　　6.集成了PMOSFET.反向阻斷(duan)二極管(guan)和檢(jian)測(ce)電(dian)流電(dian)阻；

　　7.薄(bo)型(xing)QFN封裝的多化(hua)學類型(xing)充電器(qi)。

3　MAX1501引腳功能

　　INP：高電(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)輸(shu)入；

　　IN: 低電流(liu)充電輸入；

　　GND： 地(di).連接外部(bu)開(kai)關到地(di)；

　　SETI：電流傳感跨導(dao)放大輸出(chu)；

　　VL： 線性輸出(chu)調整(zheng)器(qi)；

　　TMAX： 輸入最大充電時間(jian)選擇(僅對max1501)；

　　IC：　 MAX1501Z的(de)內部連接.隨浮動；

　　FULLI： 最大關(guan)閉電流選擇輸(shu)入；

　　TEMP：衰耗溫度選擇輸入；
　　

4　鋰離子電池充電器的研制

　　MAX1501的(de)(de)最典型(xing)的(de)(de)應用是能(neng)夠(gou)用10%的(de)(de)快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流對鋰離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)池進(jin)(jin)行預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，用一個軟(ruan)啟動系統持(chi)續增加(jia)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流。以每20ms增加(jia)10%直(zhi)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達到(dao)2.8V，當電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達到(dao)規格(ge)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)4.1V/4.2V時(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)入常壓(ya)(ya)狀態并且減少(shao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流。在SETI與地之(zhi)間(jian)設置一個晶體(ti)管來控(kong)制(zhi)快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，并且通過(guo)減少(shao)輸入電(dian)(dian)流使MAX1501遠離(li)(li)過(guo)熱，溫度(du)調節(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)路調節(jie)(jie)MAX1501的(de)(de)溫度(du)。當到(dao)達頂端關斷電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)關斷值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)RLED腳作用一個高阻抗

進入低維護狀態。 當電池電壓(ya)低與95%時，通過設(she)置(zhi)SELV可以自(zi)動(dong)進行在充電。

　　（1）設(she)置充電電流

　　設(she)定(ding)電(dian)阻(zu)充電(dian)電(dian)流根據下列(lie)公式

　　（2）設(she)置電(dian)容

　　為了(le)獲(huo)得合適的穩定性，可(ke)以用一個陶瓷電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)最(zui)常用10uF 5R陶瓷電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)來連(lian)接(jie)(jie)BATT到GND。將IN和(he)INP連(lian)接(jie)(jie)起(qi)來并且到GND用1uF的陶瓷電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)。由于過高輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓或過高充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，可(ke)用更大的輸入(ru)途徑電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)來降低噪聲(sheng)。

　　（3）設置(zhi)溫度調(diao)節

　　在邏輯輸入條件下設置規則(ze)的死機溫(wen)度(du)，MAX1501通過(guo)降低(di)充電(dian)電(dian)流來限制由TEMP設定的死機溫(wen)度(du)值。MAX1501運行(xing)正常(chang)(chang)，溫(wen)度(du)環路不會顯示異常(chang)(chang)情(qing)況。TEMP允(yun)許在提(ti)供過(guo)多的能量損(sun)失的保護的前提(ti)下將充電(dian)電(dian)流擴展到最(zui)大(da)限度(du)。

　　（4）設置充電時間

　　在TMAX邏輯輸入條件下(xia)設(she)(she)置(zhi)最大充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)間。TMAX限制充(chong)(chong)電周期用(yong)來保護電池充(chong)(chong)電過(guo)長。將(jiang)(jiang)TMAX與GND連(lian)接起(qi)來可將(jiang)(jiang)最長充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)間設(she)(she)置(zhi)為三小時(shi)。將(jiang)(jiang)TMAX懸空可將(jiang)(jiang)最大充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)間設(she)(she)置(zhi)為4.5小時(shi)。將(jiang)(jiang)TMAX和VL連(lian)接起(qi)來可將(jiang)(jiang)最長充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)間設(she)(she)置(zhi)為6小時(shi)。

　　（5）綜述討論

　　MAX1501和(he)一(yi)個微處理器(qi)相(xiang)結合(he)從而決定(ding)它有很好(hao)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)案專用的(de)(de)熱(re)調(diao)節電(dian)(dian)路(lu)用來限制電(dian)(dian)路(lu)節點(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)度，當快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)或當環境溫(wen)度很高的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)確保(bao)最大充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)會(hui)損(sun)壞充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，在(zai)沒有電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)情況下MAX1501提供可調(diao)節的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓，在(zai)允許電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)情況下這(zhe)個裝置有較(jiao)高的(de)(de)適應性, 安全時(shi)間內可以提供一(yi)個可調(diao)整的(de)(de)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),頂(ding)端關(guan)斷電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),.并且有熱(re)量方(fang)嵌條調(diao)整點(dian)(dian)(dian).其它特點(dian)(dian)(dian)包(bao)括輸入電(dian)(dian)量檢測

并且(qie)(qie)有輸入(ru)低的過壓保(bao)護和規定了(le)較低的控制輸入(ru).MAX1501能(neng)夠(gou)接受一個(ge)4.5V到13V的電(dian)(dian)壓供電(dian)(dian).但是(shi)當(dang)輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓超過6.5伏時為了(le)防止過多的能(neng)量消耗MAX1501充電(dian)(dian)停止.MAX1501擴大(da)了(le)溫度范圍(-40°C to +85°C)并且(qie)(qie)體積(ji)也減小(xiao)了(le).

5　結束語

　　本文介紹了一種采用ＭＡＸ1501 充電控制芯片設計的簡單實用的鋰離子電池充電器，最后對電路(lu)的(de)特性及充電參數的(de)設置進行了分析。