1.1 鋰離子電池簡介

1.1.1 鋰離子電池(Li-ion Batteries)是鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發展而(er)來。在介(jie)紹Li-ion之前(qian)，應先介(jie)紹鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。舉例來講(jiang)，以前(qian)照(zhao)相機里用的扣式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就屬(shu) 于(yu)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的正極(ji)材料(liao)是二氧化錳或(huo)亞硫(liu)酰氯，負(fu)極(ji)是鋰(li)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組裝 完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)即(ji)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,不需充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian).這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)也(ye)可能充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),但循環(huan)性能不好,在 充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)過程中,容易形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鋰(li)枝晶,造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部短路,所以一(yi)般(ban)情況下這(zhe) 種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是禁止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的。

1.1.2 后來，日本索尼公司發明了以炭材料為負極，以含鋰的化合物作正極，在充放電過程中，沒有金屬鋰存在，只有鋰離子，這就是鋰離子電 池。當(dang)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)正極(ji)上有鋰(li)(li)離子生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)，生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離子經過(guo) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液運(yun)動到負極(ji)。而作為負極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)呈層(ceng)狀(zhuang)結構，它有很多微(wei)孔(kong)，達到負極(ji) 的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離子就嵌入到碳(tan)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)微(wei)孔(kong)中，嵌入的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離子越多，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量越高。同樣(yang)， 當(dang)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(即(ji)我們使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程)，嵌在負極(ji)碳(tan)層(ceng)中的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離子 脫出， 又運(yun)動回正極(ji)。回正極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離子越多，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量越高。

1.1.3 我們(men)通常所說的電池容量指的就(jiu)是放電容量。在(zai) Li-ion 的充放電過(guo)程中，鋰(li)離子(zi)處于從正(zheng)極→負極→正(zheng)極的運動狀態。Li-ion Batteries 就(jiu)像一把搖椅(yi)，搖椅(yi)的兩端為(wei)電池的兩極，而鋰(li)離子(zi)就(jiu)象運動員(yuan) 一樣在(zai)搖椅(yi)來(lai)回奔(ben)跑。所以(yi) Li-ion Batteries 又叫搖椅(yi)式電池。

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1.2. 鋰離子電池的(de)組(zu)成

1.2.1 鋼殼(ke)/鋁殼(ke)系(xi)列：

(1)電池上下蓋

(2)正極(ji)——活性物質一般為氧化鋰(li)鈷(gu)

(3)隔(ge)膜——一種(zhong)特殊的(de)復合膜

(4)負極——活性物質為碳

(5)有機電解液

(6)電池殼(ke)(分為(wei)鋼(gang)殼(ke)和鋁殼(ke)兩種)

1.2.2 軟包裝系列(lie)

(1)正極——活(huo)性物質一般為氧化鋰鈷(gu)

(2)隔膜(mo)——PP 或者(zhe) PE 復(fu)合膜(mo)

(3)負極——活性(xing)物質為碳

(4)有機電解液

(5)電池殼——鋁(lv)塑復合膜(mo)

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1.3. 鋰離子電池原理

1.3.1 鋰系電池分為鋰電池和鋰離子電(dian)池。目前手機和筆記本電(dian)腦使(shi)用

的都是(shi)(shi)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，通(tong)常人們俗稱其為鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。 手機等(deng) PDA 產品使用(yong)(yong)的是(shi)(shi) 鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，而(er)真正(zheng)(zheng)的鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)由于(yu)危險性(xing)大(da)，沒(mei)(mei)有應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)日常電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產品。 鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)以(yi)碳素材(cai)料為負(fu)極，以(yi)含鋰(li)(li)的化合(he)物作(zuo)正(zheng)(zheng)極，沒(mei)(mei)有金屬鋰(li)(li)存 在，只有鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)，這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)指以(yi)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入化合(he)物 為正(zheng)(zheng)極材(cai)料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的總(zong)稱。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，就是(shi)(shi)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)的嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入和脫(tuo)(tuo) 嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)過(guo)程。在鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)的嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入和脫(tuo)(tuo)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)過(guo)程中(zhong)，同時伴隨著(zhu)與(yu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)等(deng)當量電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)的 嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入和脫(tuo)(tuo)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)(習慣上正(zheng)(zheng)極用(yong)(yong)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入或(huo)脫(tuo)(tuo)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)表示，而(er)負(fu)極用(yong)(yong)插(cha)入或(huo)脫(tuo)(tuo)插(cha)表示)。 在充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)，鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)在正(zheng)(zheng)、負(fu)極之間(jian)往(wang)返嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入/脫(tuo)(tuo)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)和插(cha)入/脫(tuo)(tuo)插(cha)，被形 象地稱為“搖椅(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)”。

1.3.2 鋰(li)離子電(dian)池能量(liang)密度大，平(ping)均輸出電(dian)壓高(gao)。自放電(dian)小，每月在

10%以下。沒(mei)有(you)記憶效應。工作(zuo)溫度范圍寬為-20℃～60℃。循環性能(neng)優越(yue)、 可快速充放電、充電效率(lv)高達 100%，而且輸出(chu)功率(lv)大(da)。使用壽命長(chang)。沒(mei)有(you) 環境污染(ran)，被稱為綠色電池。

1.3.3 充電是電池(chi)重(zhong)復使用的重(zhong)要步驟(zou)，鋰離子電池(chi)的充電過程分

為兩個階段(duan)(duan)：恒流(liu)(liu)快(kuai)充(chong)階段(duan)(duan)(指示燈(deng)呈紅(hong)色或黃色)和(he)恒壓電(dian)流(liu)(liu)遞減階段(duan)(duan)(指 示燈(deng)呈綠色)。恒流(liu)(liu)快(kuai)充(chong)階段(duan)(duan)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓逐(zhu)步升(sheng)高到電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)標準電(dian)壓，隨后 在(zai)控(kong)制芯片(pian)下(xia)轉入恒壓階段(duan)(duan)，電(dian)壓不再升(sheng)高以確(que)保不會(hui)過充(chong)，電(dian)流(liu)(liu)則隨著電(dian) 池(chi)(chi)電(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)上升(sheng)逐(zhu)步減弱到 0，而最終(zhong)完成充(chong)電(dian)。電(dian)量(liang)統(tong)計(ji)芯片(pian)通過記(ji)錄放電(dian) 曲線可以抽樣計(ji)算出電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)量(liang)。鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)多次使用后，放電(dian)曲線會(hui)發 生改變，鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)雖然(ran)不存在(zai)記(ji)憶(yi)效應，但是充(chong)電(dian)不當會(hui)嚴重(zhong)影響電(dian)池(chi)(chi)性 能。

鋰離子電池(chi)過度(du)充(chong)放電會(hui)對正負極造(zao)(zao)成永(yong)久性(xing)損壞。過度(du)放電導致負極 碳(tan)片層結(jie)構出(chu)現塌陷(xian)，而塌陷(xian)會(hui)造(zao)(zao)成充(chong)電過程中鋰離子無法插入;過度(du)充(chong)電 使過多的鋰離子嵌入負極碳(tan)結(jie)構，而造(zao)(zao)成其中部分(fen)鋰離子再也無法釋放出(chu)

1.3.4 充(chong)電量等于充(chong)電電流乘以(yi)充(chong)電時間，在充(chong)電控制電壓(ya)一定

的(de)情(qing)況下，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流越大(充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度越快)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量越小(xiao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度 過快和終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)控制點不當，同樣會造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量不足，實際是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)部分 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極活性物質沒(mei)有得到充(chong)(chong)分反(fan)應就停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足的(de)現象隨著(zhu)循環 次數的(de)增加(jia)(jia)而加(jia)(jia)劇。

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1.4. 鋰(li)離子電池的(de)種類(lei)

1.4.1 不可充電的(de)鋰(li)電池有多種(zhong)，目(mu)前(qian)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)有鋰(li)-二氧化錳電池、鋰(li)

—亞硫(liu)酰氯(lv)電池及(ji)鋰和其它化合物電池。

1)　鋰-二氧化錳(meng)電池(chi)(Li　MnO2)

鋰-二氧化(hua)錳(meng)電池是(shi)一種以(yi)鋰為(wei)陽極(ji)、以(yi)二氧化(hua)錳(meng)為(wei)陰極(ji)，并采用(yong)有機(ji) 電解液(ye)的一次(ci)性電池。該電池的主(zhu)要特(te)點是(shi)電池電壓高，額定電壓為(wei) 3V(是(shi) 一般堿性電池的 2 倍(bei));終止放(fang)電電壓為(wei) 2V;比(bi)能(neng)量大(見上面舉的例子); 放(fang)電電壓穩(wen)定可(ke)靠;有較好的儲存性能(neng)(儲存時間 3 年以(yi)上)、自(zi)放(fang)電率(lv)低(年 自(zi)放(fang)電率(lv)≤2%);工作溫度范圍-20℃～+60℃。

該電池可以(yi)做成不同(tong)的外形(xing)以(yi)滿(man)足不同(tong)要求，它有長方形(xing)、圓柱形(xing)及紐 扣形(xing)(扣式(shi))。

2)可充電鋰離(li)子電池

可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是目前手機中(zhong)應(ying)用(yong)最廣泛(fan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，但(dan)它較為“嬌氣(qi)”， 在使(shi)(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)不可過(guo)充(chong)、過(guo)放(fang)(會損壞電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或使(shi)(shi)之報廢(fei))。因此，在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上有保護 元器件或保護電(dian)(dian)路(lu)以(yi)防止昂(ang)貴的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)損壞。 鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)要求很高(gao)，要 保證(zheng)(zheng)終止電(dian)(dian)壓精度在 1%之內，目前各大(da)半導體器件廠已開發出(chu)多種鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi) 電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de) IC，以(yi)保證(zheng)(zheng)安全(quan)、可靠、快速地(di)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

1.4.2 根據鋰(li)離子電池所用電解質材(cai)料不同，鋰(li)離子電池可以分為液

態(tai)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(lithium ion battery, 簡(jian)稱為 LIB)和聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(p olymer lithium ion battery, 簡(jian)稱為 LIP)兩大類(lei)。聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)所 用的正負極材(cai)料與(yu)液(ye)態(tai)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)都是(shi)(shi)相同(tong)的，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的工作(zuo)原理也(ye)(ye)基本一致。 它們的主要(yao)區別在于電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)的不(bu)同(tong), 液(ye)態(tai)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用的是(shi)(shi)液(ye)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi), 而聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)則以(yi)固(gu)體聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)來(lai)代替, 這(zhe)種聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可以(yi)是(shi)(shi) “干態(tai)”的,也(ye)(ye)可以(yi)是(shi)(shi)“膠(jiao)態(tai)”的,目前(qian)大部(bu)分(fen)采(cai)用聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)膠(jiao)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)。聚(ju) 合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可分(fen)為三(san)類(lei)：

(1)固體聚(ju)合(he)物電(dian)解質鋰離子電(dian)池。電(dian)解質為聚(ju)合(he)物與鹽的混(hun)合(he)物， 這(zhe)種電(dian)池在常溫下(xia)的離子電(dian)導率低(di)，適于高(gao)溫使用。

(2)凝膠(jiao)聚(ju)(ju)合(he)物電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。即在固體(ti)(ti)聚(ju)(ju)合(he)物電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)中加入增 塑(su)劑(ji)等(deng)(deng)添加劑(ji)，從而提(ti)高(gao)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可在常溫下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)。 (3)聚(ju)(ju)合(he)物正極材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。采(cai)用(yong)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聚(ju)(ju)合(he)物作為正極材(cai)(cai)料， 其(qi)比能量是(shi)現(xian)有(you)鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de) 3 倍，是(shi)最新一代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。由于(yu)用(yong)固 體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)代(dai)(dai)替(ti)了(le)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi),與(yu)(yu)液(ye)(ye)態(tai)鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)相(xiang)比，聚(ju)(ju)合(he)物鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)具(ju) 有(you)可薄形化(hua)、任(ren)意(yi)面積化(hua)與(yu)(yu)任(ren)意(yi)形狀化(hua)等(deng)(deng)優點(dian)，也不會產生漏液(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)燃燒(shao)爆 炸等(deng)(deng)安全上(shang)的(de)(de)問題，因此可以(yi)(yi)用(yong)鋁塑(su)復合(he)薄膜(mo)制造電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)外殼，從而可以(yi)(yi)提(ti) 高(gao)整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)比容量;聚(ju)(ju)合(he)物鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)還可以(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)高(gao)分子(zi)(zi)作正極材(cai)(cai)料， 其(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量比能量將會比目前的(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)態(tai)鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)提(ti)高(gao) 50%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。

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此外(wai),聚(ju)合物鋰離(li)子電(dian)池在工作(zuo)電(dian)壓、充放(fang)電(dian)循環(huan)壽命等(deng)方面都(dou)比(bi)鋰離(li)子電(dian)池有(you)所提高。

基于以上(shang)優(you)點，聚合(he)物(wu)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)被譽為下一代鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)。 聚合(he)物(wu)鋰(li)離子(zi)(Lithium ion polymer)電(dian)池(chi)，具有更高能量(liang)密度、小(xiao)型(xing)化(hua)、薄型(xing)化(hua)、 輕量(liang)化(hua)、高安(an)全性、長循環壽(shou)命與低成本(ben)的(de)新型(xing)電(dian)池(chi)。因(yin)此(ci)，在未來 2～3 年內，聚合(he)物(wu)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)取代鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)市場的(de)份(fen)額將達 50%。

1.4.3 當前手機已被(bei)廣(guang)泛使用，早期(qi)的手機中多使用鎳氫電池，但靈

巧型的(de)(de)手機則是(shi)(shi)鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。正確地使用鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)對延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命(ming)是(shi)(shi)十(shi)分 重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)。鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)目前(qian)應用最為廣泛的(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，它根據不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)品(pin) 的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求可以做成扁平長(chang)方形、圓(yuan)柱形、長(chang)方形及扣式，并(bing)且有(you)由幾個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)串 聯在一起組成的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組。 鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為 3.6V(有(you)的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)為 3.7 V)。充滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)終止(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)材料(liao)有(you)關(guan)：陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)材料(liao)為石(shi)墨的(de)(de) 4.2 V;陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)材料(liao)為焦炭(tan)(tan)的(de)(de) 4.1V。不同(tong)(tong)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)材料(liao)的(de)(de)內阻也不同(tong)(tong)，焦炭(tan)(tan)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)的(de)(de)內阻 略大(da)，其放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線也略有(you)差別。一般稱(cheng)為 4.1V 鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)及 4.2V 鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。現(xian)在使用的(de)(de)大(da)部分是(shi)(shi) 4.2V 的(de)(de)，鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)終止(zhi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為 2.5V～2. 75V(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)廠給(gei)出工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)范圍或給(gei)出終止(zhi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，各參數略有(you)不同(tong)(tong))。低 于(yu)終止(zhi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)繼續(xu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)稱(cheng)為過放(fang)(fang)，過放(fang)(fang)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)有(you)損害(hai)的(de)(de)。

1.4.4 鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池不適(shi)合用作大電(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)，過大電(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)時會降(jiang)低放

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(內部會產(chan)生(sheng)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度而損(sun)耗能(neng)量)。因此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)廠給(gei)(gei)出最大放 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，在使(shi)用中應小于最大放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。 鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)對(dui)(dui)溫(wen)(wen)度有(you)一定(ding)要(yao)求， 工(gong)廠給(gei)(gei)出了充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)(wen)度范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)(wen)度范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)及保存溫(wen)(wen)度范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)。 鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)對(dui)(dui) 充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求是(shi)很高的(de)(de)(de)，它要(yao)求精密的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)以保證充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)安全。終止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓精度允差(cha)(cha)為額定(ding)值的(de)(de)(de)_1%(例如:充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 4.2V 的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，其允差(cha)(cha)為_0.0 42V)，過壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)永(yong)久性損(sun)壞(huai)(huai)。鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流應根據 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)生(sheng)產(chan)廠家的(de)(de)(de)建議(yi)，并要(yao)求有(you)限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)以免(mian)發生(sheng)過流(過熱(re))。一般(ban)常用的(de)(de)(de) 充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)為 0.25C～1C(C 是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容量，如 C=800mAh，1C 充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)即充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流 為800mA)。在大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)往(wang)往(wang)要(yao)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度，以防止過熱(re)損(sun)壞(huai)(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)或 產(chan)生(sheng)爆(bao)炸。

1.4.5 鋰(li)離子電池充電分為兩個階(jie)段：先恒流充電，到接近終止電壓時改

為(wei)(wei)(wei)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。以(yi) 800mAh 容(rong)量的電(dian)(dian)池為(wei)(wei)(wei)例，其終止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei) 4.2V。電(dian)(dian)池以(yi) 800mA(充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)率為(wei)(wei)(wei) 1C)恒(heng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，開始(shi)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)以(yi)較大的斜率升壓(ya)(ya)，當電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya) 接(jie)近(jin) 4.2V 時(shi)(shi)，改成 4.2V 恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)流漸降(jiang)，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變化不大，到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流降(jiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei) 1/10C(約(yue) 80mA)時(shi)(shi)，認為(wei)(wei)(wei)接(jie)近(jin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，可以(yi)終止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(有的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)到 1/10C 后(hou)啟(qi)動 定時(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)，過(guo)一定時(shi)(shi)間(jian)后(hou)結束充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian))。 鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)或(huo)放電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)若發生過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、 過(guo)放或(huo)過(guo)流時(shi)(shi)，會造成電(dian)(dian)池的損壞或(huo)降(jiang)低(di)使用壽(shou)命。

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1.5. 鋰離子電池優缺(que)點

1.5.1 鋰離子電池具(ju)有(you)以下優(you)點：

1. 電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)，單體電(dian)(dian)池的工作電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)達(da) 3.6-3.9V，是(shi) Ni-Cd、 Ni-H 電(dian)(dian)池的 3 倍(bei)

2. 比(bi)能(neng)量大，目前能(neng)達到的實際比(bi)能(neng)量為(wei) 100-125Wh/kg 和 240-300Wh/L(2 倍于 Ni-Cd，1.5 倍于 Ni-MH),未來隨著技術發展, 比(bi)能(neng)量可高達 150Wh/kg 和 400 Wh/L

3. 循環壽(shou)命長(chang),一般均(jun)可達(da)到(dao) 500 次以(yi)上(shang)(shang),甚至 1000 次以(yi)上(shang)(shang).對于小(xiao)電(dian) 流放電(dian)的(de)電(dian)器(qi),電(dian)池的(de)使用期限 將倍增電(dian)器(qi)的(de)競爭力.

4. 安全性能好,無(wu)公害,無(wu)記憶效(xiao)應.作為Li-ion前身的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi),因金屬 鋰易形成(cheng)枝晶發生短路,縮(suo)減了其應用(yong)領域：Li-ion中不含(han)鎘、鉛(qian)、汞等對 環境有污染的(de)元素：部分(fen)工(gong)藝(如燒結式)的(de)Ni-Cd電(dian)(dian)池(chi)存(cun)在的(de)一大弊病為 “記憶效(xiao)應”，嚴重束縛電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使用(yong)，但Li-ion根本不存(cun)在這方面的(de)問題。

5. 自放(fang)電小，室溫下充滿(man)電的(de) Li-ion 儲存 1 個月后的(de)自放(fang)電率為 10%左右，大大低于(yu) Ni-Cd 的(de) 25-30%，Ni、MH 的(de) 30-35%。

6. 可快(kuai)速充放(fang)電(dian)，1C 充電(dian)是容(rong)量(liang)可以達到標稱容(rong)量(liang)的 80%以上(shang)。

7. 工作(zuo)溫度(du)范圍高，工作(zuo)溫度(du)為-25~45_C，隨著電解質(zhi)和正極(ji)的 改進，期望(wang)能擴寬到-40~70_C。

1.5.2.鋰離子電(dian)池也存在(zai)著一(yi)定的缺點(dian)

1. 電(dian)(dian)池成(cheng)本較高(gao)。 主(zhu)要表現在正(zheng)極材料 LiCoO2 的(de)價格(ge)高(gao) (Co 的(de)資源(yuan)較少)，電(dian)(dian)解質體系提純困難。

2. 不能大電(dian)流放電(dian)。 由于(yu)有機電(dian)解質(zhi)體系(xi)等原因，電(dian)池內阻相對

其他類電池大。故要(yao)求較小(xiao)的放(fang)電電流密度(du)，一般(ban)放(fang)電電流在 0.5C 以下， 只(zhi)適合(he)于中小(xiao)電流的電器使用。

3. 需(xu)要保護(hu)線路控制 。

A. 過充保護：電(dian)池過充將破(po)壞正(zheng)極結構而影(ying)響性(xing)能和壽命(ming);同時過充 電(dian)使電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)分解(jie)，內部壓力(li)過高(gao)而導致漏(lou)液(ye)等問題;故必須(xu)在 4.1V-4.2V 的 恒壓下充電(dian);

B. 過放保護：過放會(hui)導致活性(xing)物質的(de)恢復困難，故也需要有(you)保護線路 控制。

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4)充電電池定義

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池又稱：蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池、二次電(dian)(dian)池，是可以反復充(chong)電(dian)(dian)使用的電(dian)(dian)池。常(chang)見 的有(you)：鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(用于汽車時，俗(su)稱“電(dian)(dian)瓶”)、鎘鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)池、氫鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)池、鋰 離子電(dian)(dian)池。

5)電池的額定容量

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)額定(ding)容量指在一定(ding)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)條件下(xia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至截(jie)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)放(fang)出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian) 量。IEC 標準規定(ding)鎳鎘和(he)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在 20_5℃環境下(xia)，以 0.1C 充電(dian)(dian)(dian) 16 小(xiao)時(shi) 后以 0.2C 放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至 1.0V 時(shi)所放(fang)出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量為電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)額定(ding)容量。單位有 Ah, mAh (1Ah=1000mAh)

1.6. 如何正確使用鋰(li)離子電池.

正確使用鋰離(li)子電池應注意以下(xia)幾點：

避免在嚴酷條(tiao)件下使用，如：高溫、高濕度、夏(xia)日陽光(guang)下長時(shi)間暴(bao)曬等， 避免將電池投入火中;

裝、拆電池時，應確保用電器(qi)具處于電源關閉狀態;使用溫度應保持(chi)在 -20~55℃之間;

避免將電池(chi)長(chang)時間“存放”在(zai)停止使用的用電器具中(zhong);

1.6.1.如何為新電池充(chong)電,

在使用(yong)鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中應注意的(de)是，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)置一段時(shi)間后則進入休眠狀態，此(ci) 時(shi)容量低于正(zheng)常值(zhi)，使用(yong)時(shi)間亦隨之縮(suo)短。但(dan)鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)很容易激活(huo)(huo)(huo)，只要經過 3—5次正(zheng)常的(de)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)循環就(jiu)可激活(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，恢復正(zheng)常容量。由(you)于鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)本身 的(de)特(te)性，決(jue)定了它幾乎沒有記憶效應。因此(ci)用(yong)戶手機(ji)中的(de)新鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在激活(huo)(huo)(huo)過

程中，是不需要特別的方法和(he)設備(bei)的。不僅理論上是如此，從我自己的實踐

來(lai)看，從(cong)一開(kai)始就采(cai)用標(biao)準方(fang)法充電這(zhe)種“自然激活”方(fang)式(shi)是最(zui)好的。

對(dui)于鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)“激(ji)活(huo)”問題(ti)，眾多的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)法是：充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)一(yi)定要超過(guo)(guo) 12 小(xiao)時(shi)，反復(fu)做(zuo)三次(ci)，以(yi)(yi)便激(ji)活(huo)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。這種“前三次(ci)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)要充(chong)(chong) 12 小(xiao)時(shi)以(yi)(yi)上” 的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)法，明顯(xian)是從鎳(nie)(nie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(如鎳(nie)(nie)鎘和(he)鎳(nie)(nie)氫)延續下來的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)法。所以(yi)(yi)這種說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)法， 可(ke)以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)一(yi)開始就是誤傳。鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)鎳(nie)(nie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)特(te)性有非常大的(de)(de)(de)區別，而 且可(ke)以(yi)(yi)非常明確的(de)(de)(de)告訴大家，在所查閱過(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)肅的(de)(de)(de)且正式的(de)(de)(de)技術資料中都強 調過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)和(he)過(guo)(guo)放電(dian)(dian)會對(dui)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、特(te)別是液體鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)成(cheng)巨大的(de)(de)(de)傷害。因(yin)而 充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)最好按照標(biao)準時(shi)間(jian)和(he)標(biao)準方法充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，特(te)別是不(bu)要進(jin)行超過(guo)(guo) 12 個小(xiao)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de) 超長充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

此外，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿后(hou)(hou)都(dou)會自動停充(chong)(chong)(chong)，并不(bu)存在(zai)(zai)鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian) 器所謂(wei)的持續(xu) 10 幾小時的“涓(juan)流”充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。也就是說，如果你的鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong) 滿后(hou)(hou)，放(fang)在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器上也是白充(chong)(chong)(chong)。而(er)我們(men)誰都(dou)無法保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)路

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的(de)特性永不變化和質量的(de)萬無一失，所以你的(de)電(dian)池(chi)將(jiang)長期處在危險的(de)邊緣徘 徊。這也是我們(men)反對長充電(dian)的(de)另一個(ge)理由。

此外，不(bu)(bu)可忽視的另外一(yi)個方面就是(shi)鋰電(dian)池同樣也不(bu)(bu)適合過(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)，過(guo)放(fang)(fang) 電(dian)對鋰電(dian)池同樣也很不(bu)(bu)利(li)。

1.6.2、正常使用中應該何時(shi)開始充電

經常可(ke)以(yi)見到這種說法，因(yin)為充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)次數(shu)是有(you)限(xian)的(de)，所以(yi)應該(gai)將手(shou)機(ji) 電(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)盡(jin)可(ke)能用光再(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。但(dan)是我(wo)找到一(yi)個關于鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環的(de) 實驗表，關于循(xun)環壽(shou)命(ming)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)列出如下(xia):

循(xun)環壽命 (10%DOD):>1000 次

循(xun)環壽命 (100%DOD):>200 次

 DOD 是放電深度的英文縮寫。從表中可見，可充電次數和放電深度 有關，10%DOD 時的循環壽命要比 100%DOD 的要長很多。當然如果折合到實 際充電的相對總容量：10%*1000=100，100%*200=200，后者的完全充放電還 是要比較好一些，但前面網友的那個說法要做一些修正：在正常情況下，你 應該有保留地按照電池剩余電量用完再充的原則充電，但假如你的電池在你 預計第 2 天不可能堅持整個白天的時候，就應該及時開始充電，當然你如果 愿意背著充電器到辦公室又當別論。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)用(yong)完(wan)再充的(de)(de)原則(ze)并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)要你走向(xiang)極(ji)端。和長(chang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)樣流傳(chuan) 甚廣的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)說(shuo)法(fa)，就是(shi)(shi)“盡量(liang)(liang)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)用(yong)完(wan)”。這(zhe)種做法(fa)其實只是(shi)(shi)鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian) 池(chi)上的(de)(de)做法(fa)，目(mu)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)避免記憶(yi)效應(ying)發生，不(bu)幸(xing)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)它(ta)也在鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上流傳(chuan)之今。 曾經有人因為手機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)過(guo)低的(de)(de)警告出現(xian)后(hou)(hou)，仍然不(bu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)繼(ji)續使用(yong)一(yi)直用(yong) 到(dao)自動關(guan)機(ji)的(de)(de)例子。結果這(zhe)個(ge)例子中的(de)(de)手機(ji)在后(hou)(hou)來(lai)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)開機(ji)中均無反 應(ying)，不(bu)得不(bu)送(song)客服(fu)檢修(xiu)。這(zhe)其實就是(shi)(shi)由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)因過(guo)度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)而導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)低， 以(yi)至于(yu)不(bu)具備(bei)正常的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)和開機(ji)條件造(zao)成的(de)(de)。

                                                                                                                                        本文摘自于(yu)全球電池網