1.1 鋰(li)離子電池簡介(jie)

1.1.1 鋰離子電池(Li-ion Batteries)是鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發展而來。在介紹Li-ion之前，應先介紹鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。舉例來講，以前照相機里用的(de)扣式電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就屬 于鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)正極(ji)材料(liao)是二(er)氧(yang)化錳(meng)或亞(ya)硫酰氯，負極(ji)是鋰(li)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組裝 完成后電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)即有電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,不(bu)需充電(dian)(dian)(dian).這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)也可(ke)能(neng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian),但循環(huan)性能(neng)不(bu)好,在 充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)過程中,容易(yi)形成鋰(li)枝晶(jing),造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部(bu)短路,所以一般情況下(xia)這 種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是禁止(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)。

1.1.2 后來，日本索尼公司發明了以炭材料為負極，以含鋰的化合物作正極，在充放電過程中，沒有金屬鋰存在，只有鋰離子，這就是鋰離子電 池。當對電(dian)池(chi)進行充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)上有鋰離子生成，生成的(de)(de)鋰離子經過 電(dian)解液(ye)運(yun)動到負極(ji)(ji)。而作為負極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)碳呈層狀結構(gou)，它有很多微孔(kong)，達到負極(ji)(ji) 的(de)(de)鋰離子就嵌入到碳層的(de)(de)微孔(kong)中(zhong)，嵌入的(de)(de)鋰離子越多，充(chong)電(dian)容(rong)量(liang)越高。同(tong)樣， 當對電(dian)池(chi)進行放電(dian)時(shi)(即我們使用電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)過程)，嵌在負極(ji)(ji)碳層中(zhong)的(de)(de)鋰離子 脫出， 又運(yun)動回(hui)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)。回(hui)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)鋰離子越多，放電(dian)容(rong)量(liang)越高。

1.1.3 我們通常所說的電池容量指的就(jiu)是放電容量。在 Li-ion 的充放電過(guo)程中(zhong)，鋰離子(zi)處于從(cong)正極→負極→正極的運動狀態(tai)。Li-ion Batteries 就(jiu)像一把搖(yao)椅，搖(yao)椅的兩端(duan)為電池的兩極，而鋰離子(zi)就(jiu)象運動員 一樣在搖(yao)椅來回奔跑。所以 Li-ion Batteries 又叫搖(yao)椅式電池。

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1.2. 鋰(li)離子電池的組成

1.2.1 鋼殼/鋁殼系列(lie)：

(1)電池上下蓋

(2)正極——活性物質一般為氧化鋰鈷

(3)隔膜——一種特殊的復合膜

(4)負極——活性物質為碳

(5)有機電解液

(6)電池殼(ke)(分(fen)為鋼殼(ke)和(he)鋁殼(ke)兩種)

1.2.2 軟(ruan)包裝系列

(1)正極——活性物質一般(ban)為氧化(hua)鋰鈷

(2)隔膜——PP 或者 PE 復(fu)合膜

(3)負極——活性物質為碳

(4)有機電解液

(5)電(dian)池殼——鋁塑(su)復合膜

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1.3. 鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)池原(yuan)理(li)

1.3.1 鋰系電池分為鋰電池和(he)鋰離子電池。目前手機(ji)和(he)筆記本電腦使用

的(de)(de)(de)都是(shi)(shi)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，通常人們俗稱(cheng)其為(wei)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。 手機(ji)等(deng) PDA 產(chan)品(pin)使用的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi) 鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，而真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)由于危險(xian)性大，沒(mei)有應用于日(ri)常電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)品(pin)。 鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以碳素材料為(wei)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)，以含(han)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)化合物作(zuo)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)，沒(mei)有金(jin)屬(shu)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)存(cun) 在(zai)，只(zhi)有鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)，這就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)(shi)指以鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)嵌(qian)(qian)入(ru)(ru)(ru)化合物 為(wei)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)材料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)總稱(cheng)。鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)嵌(qian)(qian)入(ru)(ru)(ru)和脫 嵌(qian)(qian)過(guo)程。在(zai)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)嵌(qian)(qian)入(ru)(ru)(ru)和脫嵌(qian)(qian)過(guo)程中(zhong)，同時伴隨著(zhu)與(yu)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)等(deng)當量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de) 嵌(qian)(qian)入(ru)(ru)(ru)和脫嵌(qian)(qian)(習慣上正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)用嵌(qian)(qian)入(ru)(ru)(ru)或(huo)脫嵌(qian)(qian)表示，而負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)用插入(ru)(ru)(ru)或(huo)脫插表示)。 在(zai)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)，鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)正(zheng)、負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)之間往返嵌(qian)(qian)入(ru)(ru)(ru)/脫嵌(qian)(qian)和插入(ru)(ru)(ru)/脫插，被形 象地(di)稱(cheng)為(wei)“搖(yao)椅電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)”。

1.3.2 鋰(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)能量密(mi)度大，平均輸出電(dian)壓高(gao)。自放電(dian)小，每月在

10%以下。沒有(you)記憶效應。工作溫度范圍(wei)寬為(wei)-20℃～60℃。循(xun)環(huan)性能優越、 可快速充放(fang)電、充電效率(lv)高達 100%，而且輸出(chu)功率(lv)大。使用壽命長。沒有(you) 環(huan)境污染，被稱為(wei)綠(lv)色電池。

1.3.3 充(chong)電(dian)(dian)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)池重(zhong)(zhong)復使(shi)用的重(zhong)(zhong)要步驟，鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程分

為兩個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)：恒流(liu)快充(chong)(chong)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(指示燈(deng)(deng)呈(cheng)紅色或黃色)和恒壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)遞減階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(指 示燈(deng)(deng)呈(cheng)綠(lv)色)。恒流(liu)快充(chong)(chong)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐步升高到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的標(biao)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，隨(sui)后(hou) 在控制芯(xin)片下(xia)轉(zhuan)入(ru)恒壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)再(zai)升高以確(que)保(bao)不(bu)會(hui)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)則隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian) 池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量的上升逐步減弱到 0，而(er)最終完成充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)量統計芯(xin)片通過(guo)記(ji)(ji)錄放電(dian)(dian)(dian) 曲(qu)線(xian)可以抽樣計算出電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)量。鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在多次使(shi)用后(hou)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線(xian)會(hui)發 生改變，鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)雖(sui)然不(bu)存在記(ji)(ji)憶效應，但是(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)當(dang)會(hui)嚴重影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性 能。

鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)池(chi)過(guo)(guo)度充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)會(hui)對正負極造成永久性(xing)損壞。過(guo)(guo)度放(fang)(fang)電(dian)導致負極 碳片層結構(gou)出現塌(ta)陷，而塌(ta)陷會(hui)造成充電(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)鋰(li)離(li)子無法插入(ru);過(guo)(guo)度充電(dian) 使(shi)過(guo)(guo)多的鋰(li)離(li)子嵌(qian)入(ru)負極碳結構(gou)，而造成其中(zhong)部分鋰(li)離(li)子再(zai)也無法釋放(fang)(fang)出

1.3.4 充(chong)電(dian)量(liang)等于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流乘以充(chong)電(dian)時間，在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)控制電(dian)壓一(yi)定

的情況(kuang)下，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流越大(充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)越快(kuai))，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)越小(xiao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du) 過快(kuai)和終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓控制點不當，同樣會造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量(liang)不足，實際是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的部分(fen) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)極活性物質沒有得(de)到充(chong)(chong)分(fen)反應就停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不足的現象隨著循(xun)環 次數的增加而加劇。

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1.4. 鋰離子電池的種類

1.4.1 不可充電(dian)的(de)鋰電(dian)池有多(duo)種，目(mu)前常用的(de)有鋰-二(er)氧(yang)化錳電(dian)池、鋰

—亞硫酰氯電池(chi)及鋰和其它化合物電池(chi)。

1)　鋰(li)-二氧化錳電池(Li　MnO2)

鋰(li)-二(er)氧(yang)化錳電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種以鋰(li)為(wei)(wei)陽極(ji)、以二(er)氧(yang)化錳為(wei)(wei)陰極(ji)，并采用有機 電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)次性電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。該(gai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)主要特點是(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓高，額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)(wei) 3V(是(shi) 一(yi)(yi)般(ban)堿性電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de) 2 倍);終止(zhi)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)(wei) 2V;比(bi)能量大(見上面舉的(de)(de)例子); 放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓穩定(ding)可靠;有較好的(de)(de)儲存(cun)性能(儲存(cun)時(shi)間 3 年(nian)以上)、自放電(dian)(dian)率低(年(nian) 自放電(dian)(dian)率≤2%);工作溫度范圍-20℃～+60℃。

該電池(chi)可以(yi)做成不同(tong)的外形以(yi)滿足(zu)不同(tong)要求，它(ta)有長方(fang)形、圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形及紐 扣形(扣式(shi))。

2)可充電(dian)鋰(li)離子電(dian)池

可(ke)充(chong)電(dian)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)是目前手(shou)機中應(ying)用(yong)最廣泛的(de)電(dian)池(chi)，但它(ta)較為“嬌氣”， 在(zai)使用(yong)中不可(ke)過(guo)充(chong)、過(guo)放(會(hui)損(sun)壞電(dian)池(chi)或使之報廢)。因此，在(zai)電(dian)池(chi)上(shang)有保護(hu) 元器件或保護(hu)電(dian)路(lu)以防止昂貴的(de)電(dian)池(chi)損(sun)壞。 鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)要求(qiu)很(hen)高，要 保證終止電(dian)壓精(jing)度(du)在(zai) 1%之內，目前各(ge)大半導體器件廠已開(kai)發出多種鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi) 電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)的(de) IC，以保證安全(quan)、可(ke)靠、快速地充(chong)電(dian)。

1.4.2 根據(ju)鋰離子(zi)電池(chi)所用電解(jie)質材料不同，鋰離子(zi)電池(chi)可以分為液

態(tai)鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(lithium ion battery, 簡(jian)稱(cheng)為(wei) LIB)和聚合(he)(he)(he)物鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(p olymer lithium ion battery, 簡(jian)稱(cheng)為(wei) LIP)兩(liang)大(da)類。聚合(he)(he)(he)物鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)所 用的正負(fu)極材(cai)料與液(ye)態(tai)鋰離(li)子(zi)都是(shi)(shi)相同(tong)的，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的工作原(yuan)理也基本(ben)一致。 它們的主(zhu)要區別在于電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)的不同(tong), 液(ye)態(tai)鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用的是(shi)(shi)液(ye)體電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi), 而聚合(he)(he)(he)物鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)則(ze)以(yi)固體聚合(he)(he)(he)物電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)來代替(ti), 這種(zhong)聚合(he)(he)(he)物可以(yi)是(shi)(shi) “干態(tai)”的,也可以(yi)是(shi)(shi)“膠態(tai)”的,目前大(da)部(bu)分采用聚合(he)(he)(he)物膠體電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)。聚 合(he)(he)(he)物鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可分為(wei)三類：

(1)固體聚合物(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質為聚合物(wu)與鹽(yan)的混合物(wu)， 這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在常(chang)溫(wen)(wen)下的離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率低，適于高溫(wen)(wen)使用。

(2)凝膠聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)電(dian)解質(zhi)鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)。即(ji)在固體(ti)聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)電(dian)解質(zhi)中(zhong)加入增 塑(su)劑等(deng)添加劑，從而提高(gao)(gao)離子(zi)電(dian)導率，使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)可(ke)在常溫(wen)下使(shi)用(yong)。 (3)聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)正(zheng)極(ji)材(cai)料的(de)鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)。采用(yong)導電(dian)聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)作為(wei)正(zheng)極(ji)材(cai)料， 其比(bi)能(neng)量是(shi)現有(you)鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)的(de) 3 倍(bei)，是(shi)最新一代的(de)鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)。由于用(yong)固 體(ti)電(dian)解質(zhi)代替了液(ye)(ye)體(ti)電(dian)解質(zhi),與(yu)液(ye)(ye)態鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)相比(bi)，聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)具(ju) 有(you)可(ke)薄(bo)形(xing)化(hua)、任(ren)意面積化(hua)與(yu)任(ren)意形(xing)狀化(hua)等(deng)優點，也(ye)不會(hui)產生漏液(ye)(ye)與(yu)燃燒爆 炸等(deng)安全上的(de)問題，因此可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)鋁塑(su)復合(he)薄(bo)膜制造電(dian)池(chi)外殼，從而可(ke)以(yi)提 高(gao)(gao)整(zheng)個電(dian)池(chi)的(de)比(bi)容量;聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)還可(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)高(gao)(gao)分子(zi)作正(zheng)極(ji)材(cai)料， 其質(zhi)量比(bi)能(neng)量將會(hui)比(bi)目(mu)前的(de)液(ye)(ye)態鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)提高(gao)(gao) 50%以(yi)上。

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此(ci)外,聚合物鋰離子電池在(zai)工作電壓、充放電循環壽命等方(fang)面(mian)都比鋰離子電池有(you)所提高(gao)。

基于以上優點(dian)，聚合物(wu)鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池被譽為(wei)下(xia)一代(dai)鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池。 聚合物(wu)鋰離(li)子(Lithium ion polymer)電(dian)(dian)池，具有更高(gao)(gao)能量(liang)密度、小型(xing)化、薄型(xing)化、 輕量(liang)化、高(gao)(gao)安(an)全(quan)性、長(chang)循環(huan)壽命與低成(cheng)本的新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)池。因(yin)此，在未來 2～3 年內，聚合物(wu)鋰電(dian)(dian)池取(qu)代(dai)鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池市場的份額將達 50%。

1.4.3 當(dang)前手機已被廣(guang)泛使(shi)用，早期的手機中多(duo)使(shi)用鎳氫電池，但靈

巧型的(de)(de)(de)手機則(ze)是(shi)鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。正確(que)地使用(yong)鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)對延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命是(shi)十分(fen) 重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)。鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)目(mu)前應(ying)用(yong)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，它根據(ju)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產品(pin) 的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求可(ke)以做(zuo)成扁平長方形、圓柱形、長方形及(ji)扣式，并且有由幾個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)串 聯在(zai)一起組(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)。 鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei) 3.6V(有的(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)為(wei)(wei)(wei) 3.7 V)。充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)(de)(de)終止(zhi)(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)陽(yang)極(ji)材料(liao)有關(guan)：陽(yang)極(ji)材料(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)石墨的(de)(de)(de) 4.2 V;陽(yang)極(ji)材料(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)焦炭的(de)(de)(de) 4.1V。不同(tong)陽(yang)極(ji)材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)內阻也不同(tong)，焦炭陽(yang)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)內阻 略大(da)，其(qi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線(xian)也略有差別。一般稱為(wei)(wei)(wei) 4.1V 鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)及(ji) 4.2V 鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。現在(zai)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)部分(fen)是(shi) 4.2V 的(de)(de)(de)，鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)終止(zhi)(zhi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei) 2.5V～2. 75V(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)廠給出工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)圍(wei)或給出終止(zhi)(zhi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，各參(can)數略有不同(tong))。低 于(yu)終止(zhi)(zhi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)繼續放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)過放(fang)，過放(fang)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)有損害的(de)(de)(de)。

1.4.4 鋰離子電池(chi)不適合用(yong)作大電流放(fang)電，過大電流放(fang)電時會降(jiang)低放(fang)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(內(nei)部會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)較高的溫(wen)(wen)度(du)而損(sun)耗能量(liang))。因此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)廠(chang)給出最大(da)放(fang) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，在使用中應小于最大(da)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。 鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對(dui)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)有(you)一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)， 工(gong)廠(chang)給出了充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)及保存溫(wen)(wen)度(du)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)。 鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對(dui) 充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)很高的，它要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)精密的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路以保證充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的安全。終止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)精度(du)允差(cha)為額定(ding)值的_1%(例如(ru):充(chong)(chong) 4.2V 的鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，其允差(cha)為_0.0 42V)，過(guo)(guo)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)造成鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)永久性損(sun)壞(huai)。鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)應根據 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)廠(chang)家的建議，并(bing)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)有(you)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路以免發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)過(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)(過(guo)(guo)熱)。一般常用的 充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率為 0.25C～1C(C 是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的容量(liang)，如(ru) C=800mAh，1C 充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率即(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu) 為800mA)。在大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時往往要(yao)(yao)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)，以防止過(guo)(guo)熱損(sun)壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或(huo) 產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)爆炸(zha)。

1.4.5 鋰離子電池充電分為兩個階段(duan)：先恒流充電，到接近終(zhong)止電壓時(shi)改

為恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。以(yi) 800mAh 容量的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池為例，其(qi)終(zhong)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為 4.2V。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池以(yi) 800mA(充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)為 1C)恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，開始時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)以(yi)較大(da)的(de)斜率(lv)升壓(ya)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya) 接(jie)近 4.2V 時，改成(cheng) 4.2V 恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)漸降，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變化不大(da)，到充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)降為 1/10C(約 80mA)時，認為接(jie)近充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，可以(yi)終(zhong)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(有的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)到 1/10C 后(hou)啟動 定時器(qi)，過(guo)(guo)一定時間后(hou)結束(shu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))。 鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中若發生過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)、 過(guo)(guo)放(fang)或過(guo)(guo)流(liu)時，會造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)損壞或降低使用(yong)壽命。

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1.5. 鋰離子電池優(you)缺點

1.5.1 鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)具有以下優點：

1. 電(dian)壓高(gao)，單體電(dian)池的(de)工作電(dian)壓高(gao)達 3.6-3.9V，是 Ni-Cd、 Ni-H 電(dian)池的(de) 3 倍

2. 比能(neng)(neng)量(liang)大，目前能(neng)(neng)達(da)到(dao)的(de)實際比能(neng)(neng)量(liang)為 100-125Wh/kg 和 240-300Wh/L(2 倍(bei)于 Ni-Cd，1.5 倍(bei)于 Ni-MH),未來隨(sui)著技術發展, 比能(neng)(neng)量(liang)可高達(da) 150Wh/kg 和 400 Wh/L

3. 循環壽命長,一(yi)般均可達(da)到 500 次(ci)以(yi)上,甚至 1000 次(ci)以(yi)上.對于小電 流放電的電器,電池(chi)的使用(yong)期限 將(jiang)倍增電器的競爭力.

4. 安(an)全(quan)性能好(hao),無公害(hai),無記(ji)憶效應.作為(wei)Li-ion前身的鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi),因(yin)金屬 鋰(li)易形成枝晶發生短路,縮減了其(qi)應用領域：Li-ion中不含鎘、鉛、汞等(deng)對 環境有(you)污染的元素：部分工藝(如燒結式)的Ni-Cd電(dian)(dian)池(chi)存在(zai)(zai)的一大弊病(bing)為(wei) “記(ji)憶效應”，嚴重束縛電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的使用，但Li-ion根本不存在(zai)(zai)這方面的問題。

5. 自(zi)放電小，室溫下充滿電的 Li-ion 儲存 1 個(ge)月后的自(zi)放電率(lv)為 10%左右，大(da)大(da)低于 Ni-Cd 的 25-30%，Ni、MH 的 30-35%。

6. 可快速充放電(dian)，1C 充電(dian)是容量(liang)可以達到標(biao)稱(cheng)容量(liang)的(de) 80%以上。

7. 工作(zuo)溫度(du)范圍(wei)高(gao)，工作(zuo)溫度(du)為-25~45_C，隨著電解質和正極的 改進，期望能(neng)擴寬(kuan)到-40~70_C。

1.5.2.鋰離子電池也存(cun)在著(zhu)一定的(de)缺點

1. 電(dian)池成本(ben)較高。 主要表現在正(zheng)極材料 LiCoO2 的價格(ge)高 (Co 的資(zi)源較少(shao))，電(dian)解質體系提純困難。

2. 不能大電(dian)流放電(dian)。 由于有機電(dian)解質體系(xi)等(deng)原(yuan)因(yin)，電(dian)池內阻相對

其他類電(dian)(dian)(dian)池大(da)。故要(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)小的放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)密度，一般放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在 0.5C 以(yi)下， 只適(shi)合(he)于(yu)中小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)器使(shi)用。

3. 需要保護線(xian)路控(kong)制 。

A. 過充保護：電(dian)(dian)池過充將破壞正(zheng)極結(jie)構而(er)影響性能和壽(shou)命(ming);同時過充 電(dian)(dian)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)分(fen)解，內部壓(ya)力過高而(er)導致漏(lou)液(ye)等問(wen)題;故必(bi)須在 4.1V-4.2V 的 恒(heng)壓(ya)下充電(dian)(dian);

B. 過(guo)(guo)放保(bao)護：過(guo)(guo)放會導致(zhi)活性物質(zhi)的恢(hui)復困(kun)難，故也(ye)需要有保(bao)護線路(lu) 控制。

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4)充電電池定義

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)又稱(cheng)：蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、二(er)次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，是可以反復(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)使(shi)用的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。常(chang)見 的有：鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(用于(yu)汽車(che)時，俗稱(cheng)“電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)”)、鎘鎳電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、氫鎳電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鋰 離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

5)電池的額定容量

電池(chi)的(de)額定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量指在一定(ding)放(fang)電條件下，電池(chi)放(fang)電至(zhi)截止電壓時(shi)放(fang)出的(de)電 量。IEC 標(biao)準規(gui)定(ding)鎳鎘和鎳氫(qing)電池(chi)在 20_5℃環境下，以(yi) 0.1C 充電 16 小(xiao)時(shi) 后(hou)以(yi) 0.2C 放(fang)電至(zhi) 1.0V 時(shi)所放(fang)出的(de)電量為電池(chi)的(de)額定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量。單位有 Ah, mAh (1Ah=1000mAh)

1.6. 如何正確使用鋰離(li)子電(dian)池(chi).

正確(que)使用鋰離子(zi)電池應(ying)注意以下(xia)幾點：

避免在嚴(yan)酷條件(jian)下使(shi)用(yong)，如：高溫、高濕度、夏日(ri)陽光(guang)下長時間暴曬等， 避免將電池投入火(huo)中;

裝、拆電(dian)池時，應確保用電(dian)器具處于電(dian)源關閉狀態;使用溫度應保持(chi)在 -20~55℃之間(jian);

避免將電池長時(shi)間“存(cun)放”在停止(zhi)使用(yong)的(de)用(yong)電器具中;

1.6.1.如何為新電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian),

在使用(yong)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)應注意的(de)是，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)置一(yi)段時間后則進入休眠狀態，此(ci) 時容(rong)(rong)量低于(yu)正常值，使用(yong)時間亦(yi)隨之縮短(duan)。但鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)很容(rong)(rong)易激活，只要(yao)經過 3—5次正常的(de)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)就可激活電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，恢復正常容(rong)(rong)量。由(you)于(yu)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)本身 的(de)特性，決(jue)定了它(ta)幾乎(hu)沒有(you)記憶效應。因此(ci)用(yong)戶手機(ji)中(zhong)的(de)新鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在激活過

程中，是不需要特(te)別(bie)的方法和設(she)備(bei)的。不僅(jin)理論上是如此(ci)，從我(wo)自己(ji)的實踐

來看(kan)，從一開始就采用(yong)標準方(fang)法(fa)充電(dian)這種“自然激活”方(fang)式是(shi)最好的。

對于鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“激活(huo)”問題(ti)，眾多的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)：充(chong)電(dian)時間一定要超(chao)過(guo)(guo) 12 小時，反復(fu)做三(san)次，以(yi)(yi)便激活(huo)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。這種(zhong)“前三(san)次充(chong)電(dian)要充(chong) 12 小時以(yi)(yi)上” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，明顯(xian)是(shi)從鎳(nie)(nie)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(如鎳(nie)(nie)鎘和(he)鎳(nie)(nie)氫)延續下來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)這種(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)， 可以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)一開始就是(shi)誤傳。鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)鎳(nie)(nie)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)特性有(you)非常大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)區別(bie)(bie)，而 且可以(yi)(yi)非常明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)告訴大(da)家，在所(suo)查閱過(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴肅的(de)(de)(de)(de)且正式的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術資料中都強(qiang) 調過(guo)(guo)充(chong)和(he)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)會對鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)、特別(bie)(bie)是(shi)液體鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)造(zao)成巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傷害。因而 充(chong)電(dian)最(zui)好(hao)按照標準時間和(he)標準方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)充(chong)電(dian)，特別(bie)(bie)是(shi)不要進行超(chao)過(guo)(guo) 12 個小時的(de)(de)(de)(de) 超(chao)長充(chong)電(dian)。

此外，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿后都會自動停充(chong)(chong)(chong)，并不存在鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian) 器所謂的(de)持續 10 幾小時的(de)“涓流”充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。也(ye)就是說，如果你的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充(chong)(chong)(chong) 滿后，放(fang)(fang)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器上(shang)也(ye)是白充(chong)(chong)(chong)。而我們(men)誰(shui)都無法保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路

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的(de)特性永不變化和質量的(de)萬無一(yi)(yi)失，所以你的(de)電池將(jiang)長期處在危險的(de)邊緣徘(pai) 徊。這(zhe)也是我們反(fan)對長充電的(de)另一(yi)(yi)個理由。

此外，不可忽視的另外一(yi)個方面就是鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)同樣也不適合過放(fang)電(dian)，過放(fang) 電(dian)對鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)同樣也很(hen)不利。

1.6.2、正常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)應該(gai)何時開始充電

經常可(ke)以見到這種說法，因為充放電(dian)的(de)(de)次數(shu)是(shi)有限的(de)(de)，所以應該將手機 電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)盡可(ke)能用光再充電(dian)。但(dan)是(shi)我找(zhao)到一個關(guan)于(yu)鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)充放電(dian)循(xun)環(huan)的(de)(de) 實驗(yan)表，關(guan)于(yu)循(xun)環(huan)壽命的(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)列出如下:

循環壽命(ming) (10%DOD):>1000 次

循(xun)環壽命 (100%DOD):>200 次

 DOD 是放電深度的英文縮寫。從表中可見，可充電次數和放電深度 有關，10%DOD 時的循環壽命要比 100%DOD 的要長很多。當然如果折合到實 際充電的相對總容量：10%*1000=100，100%*200=200，后者的完全充放電還 是要比較好一些，但前面網友的那個說法要做一些修正：在正常情況下，你 應該有保留地按照電池剩余電量用完再充的原則充電，但假如你的電池在你 預計第 2 天不可能堅持整個白天的時候，就應該及時開始充電，當然你如果 愿意背著充電器到辦公室又當別論。

電(dian)池(chi)剩余電(dian)量用完再充(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)原則并不(bu)是(shi)要你走向極(ji)端。和(he)長(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)一(yi)樣(yang)流(liu)傳(chuan) 甚廣的(de)(de)一(yi)個說法(fa)(fa)，就(jiu)是(shi)“盡量把電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)量用完”。這種做(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)其實只是(shi)鎳電(dian) 池(chi)上的(de)(de)做(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)，目的(de)(de)是(shi)避免(mian)記(ji)憶效應發生，不(bu)幸(xing)的(de)(de)是(shi)它也在鋰電(dian)池(chi)上流(liu)傳(chuan)之(zhi)今。 曾經有(you)人因(yin)(yin)為手機電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)量過低的(de)(de)警告(gao)出現后，仍然不(bu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)繼續(xu)使用一(yi)直用 到(dao)自動關機的(de)(de)例子(zi)。結(jie)果這個例子(zi)中的(de)(de)手機在后來的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)及開機中均無反(fan) 應，不(bu)得不(bu)送客服檢修。這其實就(jiu)是(shi)由(you)于電(dian)池(chi)因(yin)(yin)過度放電(dian)而導致電(dian)壓過低， 以(yi)至于不(bu)具(ju)備(bei)正常的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)和(he)開機條件造成的(de)(de)。

                                                                                                                                        本(ben)文摘自于全(quan)球電池網