電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車（以下簡稱“EB”）產業的(de)興(xing)起，對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器提出了高要求。目前EB所(suo)配置(zhi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，多屬于傳統的(de)三(san)段(duan)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，三(san)段(duan)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式是(shi)將(jiang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)分(fen)為恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)、恒(heng)壓、浮(fu)充(chong)三(san)個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段(duan)，以我國EB采用較多的(de)36V12Ah鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組為例，第一(yi)階段(duan)以1.8A的(de)恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)到(dao)約44.4V；第二(er)階段(duan)將(jiang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)減小至約0.3A，再次(ci)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)到(dao)44.4V；第三(san)階段(duan)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降至約41.4V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)減至約50MA對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行浮(fu)充(chong)。

從幾年來的使用情(qing)況(kuang)看，三段式充電器暴露了一些(xie)問(wen)題。以(yi)下仍以(yi)36V12Ah鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池組為例，談談三段式充電器的缺陷(xian)和解決方(fang)案。

1、三段式充電器忽略了電池的負溫度特性

       三段式充(chong)電(dian)器充(chong)電(dian)參數的(de)設(she)定除受所配電(dian)池單體極板(ban)面積大小(xiao)、電(dian)極特(te)性、電(dian)解液密度等因素影響(xiang)外，還受蓄電(dian)池的(de)環境(jing)溫度的(de)影響(xiang)。

雖(sui)然一直(zhi)(zhi)以來(lai)，人(ren)(ren)們都明白電化學的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)效(xiao)應(ying)是不能回避的(de)(de)，但卻在充電器(qi)問(wen)題(ti)上忽略(lve)了。原因可以有很(hen)多，但特(te)別應(ying)在此指(zhi)出的(de)(de)是：過(guo)去人(ren)(ren)們對(dui)蓄電池容量、壽命與(yu)溫(wen)度(du)(du)之間關系的(de)(de)感觸和(he)認識從來(lai)沒(mei)有象今天這樣直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)和(he)具體(ti)，須(xu)知，這是千萬個EB用(yong)戶參與(yu)了“實(shi)驗”的(de)(de)結果。

在(zai)我國幾乎所(suo)有的(de)地(di)區，使用無溫(wen)度補(bu)償的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，都(dou)會對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池造成損害。夏季過充(chong)，冬季欠充(chong)，過充(chong)和(he)欠充(chong)容易(yi)造成電(dian)(dian)池失水(shui)和(he)硫酸(suan)鹽化，電(dian)(dian)池失水(shui)后，硫酸(suan)濃度提(ti)高(gao)，加劇(ju)了板極(ji)腐蝕，就更容易(yi)產生(sheng)硫酸(suan)鹽化，硫酸(suan)鹽化的(de)電(dian)(dian)池表現為更容易(yi)失水(shui)。這是一種連鎖反應。鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池硫酸(suan)鹽化是影響EB續駛里程和(he)電(dian)(dian)池壽(shou)命的(de)重要因素。

無溫(wen)度補嘗的(de)充電(dian)(dian)器究竟對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)損害(hai)有(you)多(duo)(duo)大，目(mu)前還缺(que)少實驗數(shu)據，對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行定(ding)量分(fen)析要比定(ding)性分(fen)析復(fu)雜(za)困難得多(duo)(duo)，但以下(xia)的(de)數(shu)據可以參考：EB標準規定(ding)，鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)循環次(ci)數(shu)不得不少于350次(ci)，但實際上(shang)有(you)相當多(duo)(duo)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用時間不到8個月，即循還次(ci)數(shu)不足240次(ci)。

充電器增加溫度補償功能并不困難，如只要將原基準電壓改為具有負溫度系數特性的基準電壓，一般就可以了。
2、三段式充電模式缺少修補性充電環節

      三(san)段式(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)模(mo)式(shi)的恒流――恒壓(ya)――浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)三(san)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)階(jie)(jie)段，都是圍(wei)繞怎樣(yang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)池來(lai)設計的，因此，這三(san)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)階(jie)(jie)段占用了全部充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)，如36V12Ah電(dian)池組的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流通(tong)常(chang)被設定為18A，有公式(shi)：12(安(an)時(shi)）×1.2（效率）÷8（小時(shi)）=1.8A。恰(qia)好能(neng)(neng)在標(biao)準規定的8h內將電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，設計時(shi)就沒打算留出修(xiu)補電(dian)池的時(shi)間(jian)，更何(he)況三(san)段式(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器一般也不具(ju)備修(xiu)補電(dian)池的功能(neng)(neng)。

       產(chan)業界向(xiang)來有(you)人認為：我國(guo)的EB以(yi)采用(yong)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)為主，并且采取的是(shi)(shi)全動力模式(shi)，如電(dian)池(chi)長期不能達(da)(da)標，我國(guo)的EB產(chan)業將可能有(you)再次(ci)夭折的危(wei)險。但技術(shu)界對(dui)此問(wen)題的認識是(shi)(shi)：要想鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)達(da)(da)標，除有(you)待(dai)于(yu)電(dian)池(chi)本身的技術(shu)進步外，采用(yong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)與(yu)修補(bu)(bu)功(gong)(gong)能兼(jian)備(bei)的多(duo)功(gong)(gong)能充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器是(shi)(shi)解決問(wen)題的有(you)效(xiao)途徑。因此，我們建議立(li)即從以(yi)下兩(liang)方面入手對(dui)EB充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器進行技術(shu)改造。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)將36V12Ah電(dian)池(chi)組的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流從1.8A提(ti)高到(dao)3A以(yi)上，用(yong)約4h的時(shi)間(jian)對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)進行常(chang)規性充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，留出4h以(yi)上時(shi)間(jian)對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)進行修補(bu)(bu)性充(chong)(chong)電(dian)；二是(shi)(shi)給充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器增加(jia)對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)進行修補(bu)(bu)性充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的功(gong)(gong)能。

3、關于充電的波形和頻率

       充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)賴以(yi)對電(dian)(dian)池產(chan)生影(ying)響的(de)是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流及(ji)其(qi)波(bo)形和頻率(lv)，其(qi)中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓主要(yao)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)得(de)滿不滿有(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流主要(yao)與(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)得(de)快(kuai)不快(kuai)有(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)，而充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)波(bo)形和頻率(lv)則主要(yao)與(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)得(de)好(hao)(hao)(hao)好(hao)(hao)(hao)不好(hao)(hao)(hao)有(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)，這里的(de)“好(hao)(hao)(hao)不好(hao)(hao)(hao)”指得(de)是電(dian)(dian)池的(de)容量和壽命。實(shi)踐(jian)證明，以(yi)上(shang)三(san)者(zhe)雖各有(you)側重，但其(qi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系是相輔(fu)相成、不可忽略的(de)。

充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)屬于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)技術(shu)領域(yu)，在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中強調波形(xing)(xing)和頻率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用是(shi)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)出現以(yi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事，而三段(duan)式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式出現在線性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)時期，因此，三段(duan)式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式偏重(zhong)于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，缺少充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波形(xing)(xing)和頻率(lv)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容是(shi)情有(you)可原的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。現在，EB配置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)全都是(shi)用開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)技術(shu)設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但卻仍(reng)采用三段(duan)式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式，這顯(xian)然是(shi)不(bu)相宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，據我們調查(cha)和檢測，目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)EB充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)還不(bu)同程(cheng)度地存在以(yi)下(xia)問(wen)題：

（1）輸出(chu)紋波太(tai)小。有(you)的(de)竟只有(you)50mV，顯然這(zhe)是將充電(dian)(dian)器當成穩壓電(dian)(dian)源來做了，也許(xu)這(zhe)種紋波可以(yi)用來給鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)，但(dan)對于36V鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池來說(shuo)，充電(dian)(dian)脈沖的(de)幅值應以(yi)1-2V為好。

（2）輸出連續(xu)(xu)三(san)角(jiao)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。這(zhe)通常(chang)是(shi)正激式開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器才(cai)有的(de)(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)形，由于極化現象的(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)忌諱用直流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，包括連續(xu)(xu)三(san)角(jiao)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。常(chang)規(gui)性充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)好(hao)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)形是(shi)單端反激式開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)通常(chang)所輸出的(de)(de)(de)下降型脈(mo)沖，尤其(qi)是(shi)緊接脈(mo)沖之后存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)一段休止時間，還可以(yi)(yi)消除鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)因充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)而產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學極化；比(bi)較而言，正激式開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)升雖(sui)然可以(yi)(yi)做得低一些，但(dan)其(qi)輸出波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)形不如反激式電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，不過這(zhe)可以(yi)(yi)通過調(diao)整其(qi)輸出三(san)角(jiao)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)占空比(bi)來加以(yi)(yi)彌補(bu)。

（3）在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器與(yu)電(dian)(dian)池之間(jian)串聯有一二極(ji)管(guan)。其目的可(ke)能是為了防止電(dian)(dian)池通過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)，但這樣做(zuo)是錯誤(wu)的。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)就(jiu)是需要又充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)又放(fang)(fang)，邊充(chong)(chong)邊放(fang)(fang)，充(chong)(chong)多放(fang)(fang)少，哪怕放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)只有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的百分之一，也將會對(dui)抑(yi)制電(dian)(dian)池氣(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)抬高(gao)氣(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)壓等產(chan)生不可(ke)替(ti)代的作用。應該(gai)認識到，如能在(zai)(zai)每一常(chang)規性(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)周期(qi)留出幾(ji)微秒(miao)和(he)在(zai)(zai)修補性(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)周期(qi)留出幾(ji)秒(miao)鐘用來放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)，對(dui)消除(chu)鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時產(chan)生的電(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學極(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)濃差極(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，從而(er)增加和(he)延長電(dian)(dian)池的容量和(he)壽(shou)命將會有決定(ding)性(xing)意義。

（4）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)頻(pin)率單(dan)調。一個優秀的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)必須具有多(duo)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)模式：脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、負脈沖激活(huo)、變(bian)頻(pin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等模式，只有具備這些(xie)技術的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)才能有效地(di)去除電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液濃度極差(cha)、板(ban)柵硫酸(suan)鹽化和(he)極化現(xian)象。脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)頻(pin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以及變(bian)頻(pin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術，正在被越來(lai)越多(duo)地(di)應用(yong)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)上，可(ke)以預期，一種兼有常規性充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功能和(he)修補(bu)性充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功能的(de)(de)多(duo)功能充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)必將替代功能單(dan)一的(de)(de)三段(duan)式充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)而成(cheng)為EB的(de)(de)主流。

4、一種實用的EB多功能充電器的充電模式和參數

       如將(jiang)凡包含常(chang)規性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)和修(xiu)補性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)統稱為(wei)多功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，那么(me)根據以兩種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)結合(he)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)不同(tong)，可(ke)以設計(ji)出多種模(mo)式(shi)(shi)的(de)多功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，但從EB的(de)適用(yong)角度考慮，還(huan)是將(jiang)以上兩種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)分開來設計(ji)好，即將(jiang)有限的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)劃分為(wei)兩個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)段，前(qian)段時間(jian)用(yong)來完成常(chang)規性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，后段時間(jian)用(yong)來進(jin)行修(xiu)補性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。以下仍(reng)以36V 12Ah鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組為(wei)例(li)，介紹(shao)一種實用(yong)的(de)多功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)和參數。

4、1常(chang)規性充電階段

（1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)類型：單(dan)端反激式開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)；（2）滿輸出充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頻率：25kHz，即(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)3A時的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)工作(zuo)頻率；（3）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波形：下降型三角脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)；（4）脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)幅度：約1.6V；（5）脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)最大寬度：約25μs；（6）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)休止時間：約15μs；（7）放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)：約50mA；（8）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)：3A；（9）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)峰值電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)：約10A；（10）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間：約4h，即(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)4h后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)應上(shang)升到43.2V（常溫(wen)），容量已(yi)達75%以(yi)上(shang)；（11）減流(liu)轉折電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)：常溫(wen)下43.2V，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)“氣化點(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)”，即(ji)在用直流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)情況下，此時鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液已(yi)開始大量氣化。以(yi)下轉入修補性充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段。

4.2修補(bu)性充電(dian)階段

（1）線性減(jian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)及范圍(wei)：電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓上升(sheng)到43.2V（常溫(wen)）時，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)開始減(jian)小，減(jian)小的速率呈線性，平均充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)從3A最(zui)終減(jian)為(wei)不小于0.3A，或(huo)峰值(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)從約10A減(jian)為(wei)1A；

（2）充電(dian)頻(pin)率變(bian)(bian)化(hua)范(fan)圍：線性減流時，隨(sui)著充電(dian)電(dian)流的減小，充電(dian)頻(pin)率開始上升，其變(bian)(bian)化(hua)范(fan)圍為25-100kHz；

（3）充電終止電壓：參見表1列出的“恒壓充電電壓”，該電壓相當于“氣化點電壓”加約1.2V，當電池電壓上升至該電壓時，充電器終止充電；

（4）重(zhong)起動(dong)電壓：參見表1列出的“浮充(chong)充(chong)電電壓”，終(zhong)止充(chong)電后(hou)，電池電壓下(xia)降(jiang)，當降(jiang)至重(zhong)起動(dong)電壓時，充(chong)電器將(jiang)(jiang)再次(ci)起動(dong)將(jiang)(jiang)電池充(chong)到充(chong)電終(zhong)止電壓，而后(hou)充(chong)電終(zhong)止，電池電壓再次(ci)下(xia)降(jiang)，充(chong)電將(jiang)(jiang)循環反(fan)重(zhong)地進(jin)行(xing)下(xia)去；

（5）, , 充電(dian)(dian)終止時間(jian)：終止充電(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓下(xia)降的(de)時間(jian)起先(xian)較快，約幾(ji)秒(miao)鐘，隨著(zhu)時間(jian)推移，終止充電(dian)(dian)的(de)時間(jian)會越(yue)來越(yue)長(chang)，可達幾(ji)分(fen)鐘以上；

（6）修補(bu)性充電的延(yan)續時間：4h以上不限。