電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行車(che)（以(yi)下簡稱“EB”）產(chan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)興起，對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)提出了高要求。目(mu)前EB所配置的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，多屬于傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)段式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，三(san)(san)段式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)是將(jiang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程分(fen)為恒流(liu)、恒壓、浮充(chong)三(san)(san)個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段，以(yi)我國EB采(cai)用較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)36V12Ah鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組為例(li)，第一(yi)階段以(yi)1.8A的(de)(de)(de)(de)恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)到約(yue)(yue)44.4V；第二階段將(jiang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減小至(zhi)約(yue)(yue)0.3A，再次(ci)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)到44.4V；第三(san)(san)階段將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)至(zhi)約(yue)(yue)41.4V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減至(zhi)約(yue)(yue)50MA對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行浮充(chong)。

從幾(ji)年(nian)來的使用(yong)情況看(kan)，三段(duan)式(shi)充電(dian)(dian)器暴露了一些問(wen)題。以(yi)下仍以(yi)36V12Ah鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)為例，談(tan)談(tan)三段(duan)式(shi)充電(dian)(dian)器的缺陷和解決方案。

1、三段式充電器忽略了電池的負溫度特性

       三(san)段式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器充(chong)電(dian)(dian)參數的設定除受所配電(dian)(dian)池單體極板面積大小、電(dian)(dian)極特性、電(dian)(dian)解液密度等(deng)因素影(ying)響外，還受蓄電(dian)(dian)池的環境溫度的影(ying)響。

雖然(ran)一直以(yi)來(lai)，人們(men)都明(ming)白電(dian)(dian)化學的溫度(du)效應是不能回避的，但卻(que)在充電(dian)(dian)器問題上忽略了。原(yuan)因可以(yi)有很多，但特別應在此指出的是：過去人們(men)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)、壽(shou)命與溫度(du)之間(jian)關(guan)系的感觸(chu)和認(ren)識從來(lai)沒有象今(jin)天(tian)這(zhe)樣直接和具體(ti)，須知，這(zhe)是千萬個EB用戶參(can)與了“實(shi)驗”的結(jie)果。

在我國幾乎所有的地區，使用無(wu)溫度補償的充電(dian)器，都(dou)會對電(dian)池(chi)造(zao)成損害。夏季過充，冬(dong)季欠充，過充和欠充容(rong)易(yi)造(zao)成電(dian)池(chi)失水和硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)(yan)化，電(dian)池(chi)失水后，硫(liu)酸濃(nong)度提高，加劇了板(ban)極腐(fu)蝕(shi)，就更容(rong)易(yi)產生硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)(yan)化，硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)(yan)化的電(dian)池(chi)表現為更容(rong)易(yi)失水。這是(shi)一種連鎖反應。鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi)硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)(yan)化是(shi)影(ying)響EB續駛里程和電(dian)池(chi)壽命的重(zhong)要因素。

無溫(wen)度補嘗的(de)充電(dian)器究(jiu)竟對(dui)電(dian)池的(de)損害有多(duo)(duo)大，目前(qian)還缺少實驗數據(ju)，對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)池進行定量分析要(yao)比定性分析復雜困難得多(duo)(duo)，但(dan)以下的(de)數據(ju)可以參(can)考：EB標準規定，鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)循(xun)環次(ci)(ci)數不(bu)得不(bu)少于350次(ci)(ci)，但(dan)實際上有相(xiang)當多(duo)(duo)的(de)電(dian)池使用時間(jian)不(bu)到(dao)8個月，即循(xun)還次(ci)(ci)數不(bu)足240次(ci)(ci)。

充電器增加溫度補償功能并不困難，如只要將原基準電壓改為具有負溫度系數特性的基準電壓，一般就可以了。
2、三段式充電模式缺少修補性充電環節

      三段(duan)(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電模式(shi)的(de)(de)恒(heng)流――恒(heng)壓(ya)――浮(fu)充(chong)三個充(chong)電階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，都(dou)是圍(wei)繞怎樣充(chong)滿電池(chi)來設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)，因此，這三個充(chong)電階(jie)段(duan)(duan)占(zhan)用了全部充(chong)電時(shi)(shi)間，如(ru)36V12Ah電池(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)充(chong)電電流通常被設(she)定(ding)為(wei)18A，有(you)公(gong)式(shi)：12(安時(shi)(shi)）×1.2（效率）÷8（小時(shi)(shi)）=1.8A。恰好(hao)能(neng)在(zai)標(biao)準規定(ding)的(de)(de)8h內將電池(chi)充(chong)滿，設(she)計(ji)時(shi)(shi)就沒打算(suan)留出(chu)修補電池(chi)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間，更何況三段(duan)(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電器一般也不(bu)具備修補電池(chi)的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)。

       產(chan)業界向來有(you)人認(ren)(ren)為：我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)EB以采用(yong)(yong)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為主，并且采取的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)全動力模式(shi)，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)長期不能達標(biao)，我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)EB產(chan)業將可(ke)能有(you)再次夭折的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)險。但技術界對(dui)此問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)識(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)：要想(xiang)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)達標(biao)，除有(you)待于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)本身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)技術進(jin)步(bu)外，采用(yong)(yong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)與修(xiu)(xiu)補功(gong)能兼(jian)備的(de)(de)(de)多功(gong)能充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器是(shi)(shi)(shi)解決(jue)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效途(tu)徑。因此，我們(men)建議立即從以下兩(liang)方面入(ru)手對(dui)EB充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器進(jin)行技術改造。一是(shi)(shi)(shi)將36V12Ah電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流從1.8A提(ti)高到(dao)3A以上(shang)，用(yong)(yong)約4h的(de)(de)(de)時間對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行常規(gui)性(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，留出(chu)4h以上(shang)時間對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行修(xiu)(xiu)補性(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)給充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器增加對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行修(xiu)(xiu)補性(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能。

3、關于充電的波形和頻率

       充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器賴(lai)以對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)產生(sheng)影響的是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流及(ji)其波(bo)形和(he)頻率，其中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓主要與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)得(de)(de)滿不滿有關，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流主要與(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)得(de)(de)快不快有關，而充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的波(bo)形和(he)頻率則(ze)主要與(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)得(de)(de)好(hao)好(hao)不好(hao)有關，這里的“好(hao)不好(hao)”指得(de)(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的容(rong)量和(he)壽命。實(shi)踐證明，以上三(san)者(zhe)雖各有側重(zhong)，但(dan)其關系是相輔相成、不可忽略的。

充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器屬于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)技術(shu)領域，在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中強調波形(xing)和(he)(he)頻率的(de)作用是開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)出(chu)現以后(hou)的(de)事，而三(san)段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)出(chu)現在線(xian)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時期，因(yin)此，三(san)段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)偏重于(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，缺少充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波形(xing)和(he)(he)頻率方面的(de)內容是情有可原(yuan)的(de)。現在，EB配置(zhi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器全都是用開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)技術(shu)設計的(de)，但卻仍采用三(san)段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)，這顯然是不相宜(yi)的(de)，據我(wo)們(men)調查和(he)(he)檢測(ce)，目(mu)前的(de)EB充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器還不同程度(du)地(di)存在以下問(wen)題：

（1）輸出紋(wen)波(bo)太小(xiao)。有的竟只(zhi)有50mV，顯然(ran)這是將充(chong)電器當成穩壓(ya)電源來做了，也(ye)許這種(zhong)紋(wen)波(bo)可以用(yong)來給鋰離子電池充(chong)電，但(dan)對于36V鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池來說，充(chong)電脈沖的幅值應以1-2V為好。

（2）輸(shu)(shu)出連續三(san)角波(bo)(bo)。這(zhe)通(tong)常是(shi)正激(ji)式(shi)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器才有的(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)，由于(yu)極(ji)化現(xian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)存在，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池忌諱用(yong)直(zhi)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，包(bao)括連續三(san)角波(bo)(bo)。常規性充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)最好波(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)是(shi)單(dan)端(duan)反激(ji)式(shi)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)通(tong)常所輸(shu)(shu)出的(de)(de)下降(jiang)型脈沖，尤其是(shi)緊(jin)接脈沖之后存在的(de)(de)一段(duan)休止時間，還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)消除(chu)鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池因充(chong)電(dian)(dian)而產生的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)化學極(ji)化；比較而言，正激(ji)式(shi)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)溫升雖(sui)然可(ke)(ke)以(yi)做得低(di)一些(xie)，但其輸(shu)(shu)出波(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)不(bu)如反激(ji)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，不(bu)過這(zhe)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過調整其輸(shu)(shu)出三(san)角波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)占空比來加以(yi)彌(mi)補。

（3）在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)器與電(dian)池之間串(chuan)聯(lian)有(you)一二極(ji)(ji)管。其(qi)目的(de)(de)(de)可能是(shi)為(wei)了防止電(dian)池通過充(chong)電(dian)器放(fang)電(dian)，但這樣做是(shi)錯(cuo)誤的(de)(de)(de)。充(chong)電(dian)就是(shi)需要又充(chong)電(dian)又放(fang)，邊充(chong)邊放(fang)，充(chong)多放(fang)少，哪怕放(fang)電(dian)只有(you)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)百分之一，也將會對抑制電(dian)池氣化和抬高氣化電(dian)壓等(deng)產(chan)生不可替代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)作用。應該認識到，如能在(zai)每一常(chang)規性充(chong)電(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)留出(chu)(chu)幾(ji)微秒(miao)和在(zai)修(xiu)補(bu)性充(chong)電(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)留出(chu)(chu)幾(ji)秒(miao)鐘用來放(fang)電(dian)，對消除鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)化學極(ji)(ji)化和濃(nong)差極(ji)(ji)化，從而增加和延長電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量和壽命將會有(you)決定性意義。

（4）充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)頻(pin)(pin)率單(dan)調。一(yi)個優秀的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)必(bi)(bi)須具(ju)有多(duo)種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)：脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、負脈沖激活、變頻(pin)(pin)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，只(zhi)有具(ju)備這些技術的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)才能(neng)有效(xiao)地去除電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液濃度極(ji)差(cha)、板柵硫酸鹽(yan)化和(he)極(ji)化現象。脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)及變頻(pin)(pin)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術，正在被(bei)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多(duo)地應用(yong)在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)上，可(ke)以(yi)預期，一(yi)種兼有常規性充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)和(he)修(xiu)補性充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)的多(duo)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)必(bi)(bi)將替代功(gong)(gong)能(neng)單(dan)一(yi)的三段式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)而成(cheng)為EB的主流。

4、一種實用的EB多功能充電器的充電模式和參數

       如(ru)將(jiang)凡包(bao)含常(chang)規(gui)性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)功(gong)能(neng)和(he)修補(bu)性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)功(gong)能(neng)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器統稱為(wei)多(duo)功(gong)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器，那么(me)根據(ju)以(yi)兩種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)功(gong)能(neng)結合方式(shi)的(de)不同(tong)，可以(yi)設(she)計(ji)出多(duo)種模(mo)式(shi)的(de)多(duo)功(gong)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器，但從EB的(de)適用角度考慮，還是將(jiang)以(yi)上兩種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)功(gong)能(neng)分開來(lai)設(she)計(ji)好，即將(jiang)有限的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)劃分為(wei)兩個充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段，前段時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)用來(lai)完成常(chang)規(gui)性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，后段時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)用來(lai)進行(xing)修補(bu)性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。以(yi)下仍以(yi)36V 12Ah鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池組為(wei)例，介紹一(yi)種實用的(de)多(duo)功(gong)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)模(mo)式(shi)和(he)參數。

4、1常規(gui)性充電階段

（1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)類型：單端(duan)反激式開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)；（2）滿輸出(chu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頻(pin)率：25kHz，即充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)3A時的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)工作頻(pin)率；（3）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波形：下降型三角脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)；（4）脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)幅度(du)：約(yue)1.6V；（5）脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)最大寬(kuan)度(du)：約(yue)25μs；（6）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)休止(zhi)時間(jian)：約(yue)15μs；（7）放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)：約(yue)50mA；（8）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)：3A；（9）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)峰值電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)：約(yue)10A；（10）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)：約(yue)4h，即充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)4h后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應上(shang)升到43.2V（常溫），容量已(yi)達75%以上(shang)；（11）減流(liu)(liu)轉折電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)：常溫下43.2V，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為“氣(qi)化點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)”，即在用直流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的情況下，此時鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液已(yi)開(kai)始大量氣(qi)化。以下轉入修補性充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段(duan)。

4.2修補性充電階段(duan)

（1）線性(xing)減(jian)(jian)流及范圍：電(dian)池電(dian)壓上升到43.2V（常溫）時，充電(dian)電(dian)流開始減(jian)(jian)小，減(jian)(jian)小的速(su)率(lv)呈(cheng)線性(xing)，平均充電(dian)電(dian)流從3A最終減(jian)(jian)為(wei)不(bu)小于0.3A，或峰值充電(dian)電(dian)流從約10A減(jian)(jian)為(wei)1A；

（2）充(chong)電(dian)頻(pin)率(lv)變化范圍：線性(xing)減(jian)流時，隨著(zhu)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流的(de)減(jian)小，充(chong)電(dian)頻(pin)率(lv)開始上升(sheng)，其(qi)變化范圍為25-100kHz；

（3）充電終止電壓：參見表1列出的“恒壓充電電壓”，該電壓相當于“氣化點電壓”加約1.2V，當電池電壓上升至該電壓時，充電器終止充電；

（4）重起動電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)：參見表1列出的“浮充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)”，終(zhong)止(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下降(jiang)(jiang)，當降(jiang)(jiang)至重起動電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器將再次起動將電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，而后充(chong)電(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)再次下降(jiang)(jiang)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)將循環反重地(di)進行(xing)下去；

（5）, , 充(chong)電(dian)終(zhong)止時間：終(zhong)止充(chong)電(dian)后，電(dian)池電(dian)壓下(xia)降(jiang)的時間起(qi)先較快，約(yue)幾(ji)秒鐘，隨著(zhu)時間推移，終(zhong)止充(chong)電(dian)的時間會越來越長，可達幾(ji)分鐘以上；

（6）修補性(xing)充電的延續時(shi)間：4h以上不限。