電(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)車（以(yi)下簡稱“EB”）產業的(de)(de)(de)(de)興起，對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)提出了高要求。目(mu)前EB所配置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，多屬于傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)三段(duan)(duan)(duan)式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，三段(duan)(duan)(duan)式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)是將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)分為(wei)(wei)恒(heng)流(liu)、恒(heng)壓(ya)、浮充(chong)(chong)三個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，以(yi)我國EB采用較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)36V12Ah鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組為(wei)(wei)例，第一階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)以(yi)1.8A的(de)(de)(de)(de)恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)到約(yue)(yue)44.4V；第二階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)減(jian)小至(zhi)約(yue)(yue)0.3A，再(zai)次將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)到44.4V；第三階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降至(zhi)約(yue)(yue)41.4V，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)減(jian)至(zhi)約(yue)(yue)50MA對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)浮充(chong)(chong)。

從幾年來的使用情(qing)況看(kan)，三段(duan)式充電(dian)(dian)器暴露了一些問(wen)題。以下(xia)仍以36V12Ah鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)為例，談談三段(duan)式充電(dian)(dian)器的缺陷(xian)和解(jie)決方案。

1、三段式充電器忽略了電池的負溫度特性

       三(san)段式充電(dian)器充電(dian)參數(shu)的(de)設定除受(shou)所配電(dian)池單體(ti)極板面積(ji)大小(xiao)、電(dian)極特性、電(dian)解液密度等因素影響外，還受(shou)蓄電(dian)池的(de)環境溫度的(de)影響。

雖然(ran)一(yi)直(zhi)以來，人(ren)們(men)都明白電化學(xue)的(de)(de)溫度(du)效應(ying)是不能回(hui)避的(de)(de)，但卻在充電器問題上忽略了。原因可以有很多，但特別應(ying)在此指出的(de)(de)是：過去人(ren)們(men)對(dui)蓄電池容量、壽命與溫度(du)之(zhi)間關系的(de)(de)感觸和認識從來沒有象今天這樣(yang)直(zhi)接(jie)和具(ju)體，須知，這是千萬個EB用戶(hu)參與了“實驗”的(de)(de)結果(guo)。

在(zai)我(wo)國幾乎所(suo)有的(de)地區，使用無溫(wen)度補償(chang)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，都會(hui)對電(dian)(dian)池造成(cheng)損(sun)害(hai)。夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)過充(chong)(chong)，冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)欠充(chong)(chong)，過充(chong)(chong)和(he)欠充(chong)(chong)容易(yi)造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)池失水(shui)和(he)硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)，電(dian)(dian)池失水(shui)后，硫(liu)酸(suan)濃度提高，加劇(ju)了板極腐(fu)蝕，就更容易(yi)產生硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)，硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池表現為更容易(yi)失水(shui)。這是一(yi)種連鎖反應。鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)是影響EB續駛(shi)里程和(he)電(dian)(dian)池壽(shou)命(ming)的(de)重要(yao)因(yin)素。

無溫(wen)度補嘗的(de)充電器(qi)究竟(jing)對電池的(de)損害有(you)多大(da)，目前還(huan)缺(que)少(shao)實驗數(shu)(shu)據，對蓄電池進行定量分析要比定性分析復雜困難得(de)多，但(dan)以下(xia)的(de)數(shu)(shu)據可(ke)以參考：EB標(biao)準規定，鉛酸(suan)蓄電池的(de)循環次(ci)數(shu)(shu)不(bu)得(de)不(bu)少(shao)于350次(ci)，但(dan)實際(ji)上有(you)相(xiang)當多的(de)電池使用時(shi)間不(bu)到(dao)8個(ge)月，即循還(huan)次(ci)數(shu)(shu)不(bu)足240次(ci)。

充電器增加溫度補償功能并不困難，如只要將原基準電壓改為具有負溫度系數特性的基準電壓，一般就可以了。
2、三段式充電模式缺少修補性充電環節

      三段(duan)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)模式的(de)恒(heng)流――恒(heng)壓――浮充(chong)三個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)，都(dou)是圍(wei)繞怎(zen)樣(yang)充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)來設計的(de)，因此，這三個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)占用(yong)了全部充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)，如36V12Ah電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流通常被設定(ding)為18A，有公式：12(安時）×1.2（效率）÷8（小(xiao)時）=1.8A。恰好能(neng)在標準規定(ding)的(de)8h內將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)滿，設計時就沒打算(suan)留(liu)出修(xiu)補(bu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)時間(jian)，更何況三段(duan)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器一般(ban)也不具(ju)備修(xiu)補(bu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)功能(neng)。

       產業(ye)(ye)界向來有(you)(you)人(ren)認為：我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)EB以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi)為主，并且采(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)全(quan)動力(li)模式，如(ru)電(dian)池(chi)長期不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)達(da)標，我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)EB產業(ye)(ye)將(jiang)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)再次夭折的(de)(de)(de)(de)危險。但技(ji)術界對此(ci)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)是(shi)：要想鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi)達(da)標，除有(you)(you)待于電(dian)池(chi)本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術進步外，采(cai)用(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)與(yu)修(xiu)補(bu)(bu)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)兼備的(de)(de)(de)(de)多功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)是(shi)解(jie)決(jue)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效途(tu)徑(jing)。因此(ci)，我們(men)建議立即(ji)從以(yi)下兩方面入手對EB充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)進行(xing)技(ji)術改(gai)造。一是(shi)將(jiang)36V12Ah電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)從1.8A提高到3A以(yi)上(shang)，用(yong)約4h的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間對電(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)常規(gui)性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，留出4h以(yi)上(shang)時(shi)間對電(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)修(xiu)補(bu)(bu)性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)；二(er)是(shi)給充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)增加對電(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)修(xiu)補(bu)(bu)性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。

3、關于充電的波形和頻率

       充(chong)電(dian)器賴以對電(dian)池(chi)產生影響(xiang)的(de)(de)是充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流(liu)及其波(bo)形和(he)頻率，其中，充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)主(zhu)(zhu)要與電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)得滿(man)不(bu)滿(man)有關(guan)，充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)主(zhu)(zhu)要與充(chong)電(dian)充(chong)得快不(bu)快有關(guan)，而充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)波(bo)形和(he)頻率則主(zhu)(zhu)要與充(chong)電(dian)充(chong)得好(hao)好(hao)不(bu)好(hao)有關(guan)，這里的(de)(de)“好(hao)不(bu)好(hao)”指得是電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)容量和(he)壽(shou)命。實踐(jian)證明，以上(shang)三者雖(sui)各有側(ce)重，但其關(guan)系是相輔相成、不(bu)可忽(hu)略的(de)(de)。

充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)屬于電(dian)(dian)源技術領域，在充電(dian)(dian)過程中強調波形和(he)(he)頻率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用是開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)源出現(xian)以(yi)后的(de)(de)(de)事，而三(san)段式(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)出現(xian)在線性電(dian)(dian)源時(shi)期(qi)，因(yin)此，三(san)段式(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)偏(pian)重(zhong)于充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)流，缺(que)少(shao)充電(dian)(dian)波形和(he)(he)頻率(lv)方面的(de)(de)(de)內容是情(qing)有可原的(de)(de)(de)。現(xian)在，EB配置的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)全都是用開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)源技術設計的(de)(de)(de)，但(dan)卻仍采用三(san)段式(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)，這顯然是不相宜的(de)(de)(de)，據(ju)我們調查(cha)和(he)(he)檢測(ce)，目前的(de)(de)(de)EB充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)還不同程度地(di)存在以(yi)下問題：

（1）輸(shu)出紋波太小(xiao)。有的(de)竟只有50mV，顯(xian)然(ran)這是將充電器(qi)當成穩壓電源來做(zuo)了，也許這種(zhong)紋波可(ke)以用來給鋰離子電池(chi)充電，但對于36V鉛酸蓄電池(chi)來說，充電脈(mo)沖的(de)幅值應(ying)以1-2V為好。

（2）輸(shu)出(chu)連(lian)續三角(jiao)波(bo)。這通(tong)常是(shi)正(zheng)激(ji)(ji)式(shi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器才有的(de)(de)波(bo)形(xing)，由于極(ji)化(hua)現象的(de)(de)存在，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)忌諱(hui)用(yong)直流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，包括連(lian)續三角(jiao)波(bo)。常規性充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)最好波(bo)形(xing)是(shi)單端反激(ji)(ji)式(shi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源通(tong)常所輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)下降型(xing)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)，尤其(qi)是(shi)緊(jin)接(jie)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)之(zhi)后存在的(de)(de)一(yi)段休止(zhi)時(shi)間，還可(ke)以消除鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)因充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)產生的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)極(ji)化(hua)；比較而(er)言，正(zheng)激(ji)(ji)式(shi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)溫升雖然可(ke)以做得低一(yi)些，但其(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)波(bo)形(xing)不(bu)如反激(ji)(ji)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，不(bu)過(guo)這可(ke)以通(tong)過(guo)調(diao)整其(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)三角(jiao)波(bo)的(de)(de)占空比來(lai)加以彌補。

（3）在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器與電(dian)(dian)(dian)池之(zhi)間串聯有(you)(you)一二極(ji)管。其目的可(ke)能是為了防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)池通過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，但這(zhe)樣做是錯誤的。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)就是需(xu)要(yao)又充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)又放，邊充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)邊放，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)多放少，哪怕(pa)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)只有(you)(you)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的百分之(zhi)一，也將(jiang)會對(dui)抑(yi)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)池氣(qi)化(hua)和抬高氣(qi)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等產(chan)生不(bu)可(ke)替代(dai)的作(zuo)用。應(ying)該(gai)認識到，如能在(zai)(zai)每一常規(gui)性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)留出(chu)幾微(wei)秒和在(zai)(zai)修補性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)留出(chu)幾秒鐘用來放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，對(dui)消除鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時產(chan)生的電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學極(ji)化(hua)和濃差極(ji)化(hua)，從而(er)增加和延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的容量和壽命將(jiang)會有(you)(you)決(jue)定性(xing)(xing)意義。

（4）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頻(pin)率(lv)單調。一(yi)個優秀(xiu)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)必須具(ju)有多種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式：脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、負(fu)脈沖激活、變頻(pin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等模式，只有具(ju)備這些(xie)技術的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)才能有效(xiao)地去(qu)除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液濃度(du)極(ji)差、板柵硫酸鹽化(hua)和極(ji)化(hua)現象。脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高頻(pin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以及變頻(pin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術，正在被越(yue)來越(yue)多地應用在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)上，可以預期，一(yi)種兼有常規性充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能和修(xiu)補性充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能的多功(gong)(gong)(gong)能充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)必將替(ti)代功(gong)(gong)(gong)能單一(yi)的三段式充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)而成(cheng)為EB的主流。

4、一種實用的EB多功能充電器的充電模式和參數

       如將(jiang)(jiang)凡(fan)包含常(chang)規性充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和修補(bu)性充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)統(tong)稱為(wei)(wei)多(duo)(duo)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，那么根據以(yi)(yi)兩種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)結合方式(shi)的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)，可以(yi)(yi)設計出多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，但(dan)從EB的(de)(de)適用(yong)(yong)角(jiao)度考(kao)慮，還是(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)(yi)上兩種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)分開(kai)來設計好，即將(jiang)(jiang)有限的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間劃分為(wei)(wei)兩個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間段(duan)，前段(duan)時間用(yong)(yong)來完成(cheng)常(chang)規性充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，后段(duan)時間用(yong)(yong)來進行(xing)修補(bu)性充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。以(yi)(yi)下仍以(yi)(yi)36V 12Ah鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組為(wei)(wei)例，介紹(shao)一種(zhong)實用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)和參數(shu)。

4、1常規性充電階段

（1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源類型(xing)：單端反激式開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源；（2）滿輸(shu)出充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頻率：25kHz，即(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源3A時(shi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源工作頻率；（3）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波形：下降型(xing)三角脈沖；（4）脈沖幅度：約(yue)1.6V；（5）脈沖最大(da)寬度：約(yue)25μs；（6）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)休止時(shi)間(jian)(jian)：約(yue)15μs；（7）放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流：約(yue)50mA；（8）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流：3A；（9）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)峰(feng)值電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流：約(yue)10A；（10）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)：約(yue)4h，即(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)4h后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)應上升到43.2V（常溫），容量(liang)已達75%以(yi)上；（11）減(jian)流轉折電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)：常溫下43.2V，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為“氣(qi)化點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)”，即(ji)在用直流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)情況下，此(ci)時(shi)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液已開(kai)始大(da)量(liang)氣(qi)化。以(yi)下轉入修補(bu)性充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段。

4.2修(xiu)補性(xing)充電階段

（1）線(xian)性(xing)減流(liu)及范圍：電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓上(shang)升到43.2V（常溫）時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)開始減小，減小的速率(lv)呈線(xian)性(xing)，平均充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)從(cong)3A最終減為不小于0.3A，或峰值充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)從(cong)約10A減為1A；

（2）充(chong)電(dian)頻率(lv)變(bian)化范(fan)圍(wei)：線(xian)性(xing)減流時(shi)，隨著充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流的(de)減小，充(chong)電(dian)頻率(lv)開(kai)始(shi)上升，其變(bian)化范(fan)圍(wei)為25-100kHz；

（3）充電終止電壓：參見表1列出的“恒壓充電電壓”，該電壓相當于“氣化點電壓”加約1.2V，當電池電壓上升至該電壓時，充電器終止充電；

（4）重(zhong)起(qi)動電(dian)(dian)壓：參見(jian)表(biao)1列(lie)出的“浮充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓”，終止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓下降，當降至重(zhong)起(qi)動電(dian)(dian)壓時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)將(jiang)(jiang)再(zai)次(ci)起(qi)動將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)到充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)終止電(dian)(dian)壓，而后充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)終止，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓再(zai)次(ci)下降，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)將(jiang)(jiang)循環反(fan)重(zhong)地(di)進行(xing)下去(qu)；

（5）, , 充(chong)電終(zhong)(zhong)止時(shi)(shi)間：終(zhong)(zhong)止充(chong)電后，電池電壓下降的時(shi)(shi)間起先(xian)較快，約幾秒鐘，隨著時(shi)(shi)間推移，終(zhong)(zhong)止充(chong)電的時(shi)(shi)間會越來越長，可(ke)達幾分鐘以上；

（6）修補性充電(dian)的(de)延續(xu)時間：4h以上不限。