電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車（以(yi)下簡(jian)稱“EB”）產業的(de)興起，對(dui)(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)提出了(le)高要求。目前EB所配(pei)置的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，多屬于(yu)傳統的(de)三(san)段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，三(san)段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式(shi)是將充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程分為恒(heng)流(liu)、恒(heng)壓(ya)、浮充(chong)三(san)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)，以(yi)我國EB采用較多的(de)36V12Ah鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組為例，第(di)一階(jie)段(duan)以(yi)1.8A的(de)恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)到約44.4V；第(di)二階(jie)段(duan)將充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減小至(zhi)約0.3A，再次(ci)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)到44.4V；第(di)三(san)階(jie)段(duan)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降至(zhi)約41.4V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減至(zhi)約50MA對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行浮充(chong)。

從(cong)幾年來的使(shi)用(yong)情況(kuang)看，三(san)段式(shi)充電器暴露了一些(xie)問題(ti)。以下仍以36V12Ah鉛(qian)酸蓄電池組為例(li)，談談三(san)段式(shi)充電器的缺陷和解(jie)決(jue)方案。

1、三段式充電器忽略了電池的負溫度特性

       三段式充電(dian)器充電(dian)參(can)數的(de)設定除受所配(pei)電(dian)池單體(ti)極板面(mian)積大小、電(dian)極特性、電(dian)解液密度等因素影響外，還受蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)環境溫度的(de)影響。

雖(sui)然一直以來，人們(men)都明白電(dian)化學的(de)溫度效應是(shi)不能(neng)回避(bi)的(de)，但卻在充電(dian)器問題上(shang)忽略了。原因(yin)可以有很(hen)多，但特(te)別應在此指出的(de)是(shi)：過去人們(men)對蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)容量、壽命與溫度之(zhi)間關系的(de)感觸和(he)認識(shi)從來沒有象今天(tian)這樣直接和(he)具體(ti)，須知，這是(shi)千萬個EB用戶參與了“實(shi)驗”的(de)結果。

在我(wo)國幾乎所有的地(di)區，使用無溫度(du)補(bu)償的充電(dian)(dian)器，都會對電(dian)(dian)池造(zao)(zao)成損害。夏季過充，冬季欠(qian)(qian)充，過充和(he)(he)欠(qian)(qian)充容(rong)易造(zao)(zao)成電(dian)(dian)池失(shi)水和(he)(he)硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽化，電(dian)(dian)池失(shi)水后，硫(liu)酸(suan)濃度(du)提(ti)高，加(jia)劇了板極腐(fu)蝕，就更(geng)容(rong)易產生硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽化，硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽化的電(dian)(dian)池表現為更(geng)容(rong)易失(shi)水。這是一種連鎖反(fan)應。鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽化是影響EB續(xu)駛里(li)程和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)池壽(shou)命的重要因(yin)素。

無溫(wen)度補嘗(chang)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器究竟對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)損害有(you)多(duo)大，目前還缺(que)少(shao)(shao)實驗數(shu)據，對蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)定量分(fen)析(xi)要比定性分(fen)析(xi)復雜(za)困難得多(duo)，但(dan)以(yi)下的(de)數(shu)據可以(yi)參(can)考：EB標準(zhun)規定，鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)循(xun)環次(ci)數(shu)不得不少(shao)(shao)于350次(ci)，但(dan)實際上有(you)相當多(duo)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用時間不到(dao)8個月，即循(xun)還次(ci)數(shu)不足240次(ci)。

充電器增加溫度補償功能并不困難，如只要將原基準電壓改為具有負溫度系數特性的基準電壓，一般就可以了。
2、三段式充電模式缺少修補性充電環節

      三(san)(san)段式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式的(de)恒流(liu)――恒壓――浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)三(san)(san)個充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段，都是圍繞怎(zen)樣充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)來設(she)計的(de)，因此，這三(san)(san)個充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段占用了全部充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)，如36V12Ah電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通常(chang)被設(she)定為18A，有公式：12(安時）×1.2（效率）÷8（小時）=1.8A。恰好能在(zai)標準(zhun)規定的(de)8h內將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，設(she)計時就沒(mei)打(da)算留出(chu)修補電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)時間(jian)，更何況三(san)(san)段式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)一般也不具備修補電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)功能。

       產業界向來有(you)人認為：我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)EB以(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池為主(zhu)，并且采(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)全動(dong)力模式(shi)，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池長期不能(neng)達(da)(da)標，我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)EB產業將可能(neng)有(you)再(zai)次(ci)夭折的(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)險。但技(ji)術(shu)(shu)界對(dui)此(ci)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)認識是(shi)：要(yao)想鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池達(da)(da)標，除有(you)待(dai)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)進步外，采(cai)用(yong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與修補(bu)功(gong)能(neng)兼備的(de)(de)(de)(de)多功(gong)能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是(shi)解決問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效途徑。因此(ci)，我們建(jian)議(yi)立即從以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)兩方(fang)面入手對(dui)EB充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)進行技(ji)術(shu)(shu)改造。一(yi)是(shi)將36V12Ah電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流從1.8A提高到3A以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)，用(yong)約(yue)4h的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行常規性(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，留出4h以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)時間(jian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行修補(bu)性(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；二是(shi)給充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)增(zeng)加(jia)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行修補(bu)性(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)。

3、關于充電的波形和頻率

       充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器賴以(yi)對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)產生影響的(de)(de)是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)及其波(bo)形和(he)頻率，其中(zhong)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓主要(yao)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)得滿不滿有關(guan)(guan)(guan)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)主要(yao)與(yu)(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)充(chong)得快不快有關(guan)(guan)(guan)，而充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)波(bo)形和(he)頻率則主要(yao)與(yu)(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)充(chong)得好(hao)好(hao)不好(hao)有關(guan)(guan)(guan)，這里的(de)(de)“好(hao)不好(hao)”指得是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容量和(he)壽命。實踐證明，以(yi)上三者雖各有側重，但其關(guan)(guan)(guan)系是相輔(fu)相成、不可(ke)忽略的(de)(de)。

充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)屬于(yu)(yu)電(dian)源技(ji)(ji)術領域，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程中強調(diao)波形和(he)頻率的作用(yong)(yong)是開關(guan)電(dian)源出現以后的事，而三段式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)出現在(zai)線(xian)性電(dian)源時期，因(yin)此，三段式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)偏重于(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)流(liu)，缺少(shao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)波形和(he)頻率方面的內(nei)容是情有可原(yuan)的。現在(zai)，EB配(pei)置的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)全都是用(yong)(yong)開關(guan)電(dian)源技(ji)(ji)術設計的，但卻仍采用(yong)(yong)三段式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，這顯然是不相宜的，據(ju)我們調(diao)查和(he)檢測，目(mu)前的EB充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)還不同程度地存在(zai)以下問題：

（1）輸出紋(wen)波太小(xiao)。有(you)的竟只有(you)50mV，顯然(ran)這是(shi)將充電(dian)(dian)器當成穩(wen)壓電(dian)(dian)源來(lai)做了(le)，也許這種(zhong)紋(wen)波可以用(yong)來(lai)給鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)，但(dan)對(dui)于36V鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池來(lai)說，充電(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖的幅值應以1-2V為好。

（2）輸出(chu)連(lian)續(xu)三(san)角波(bo)(bo)。這(zhe)通(tong)常是(shi)正激式(shi)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器才有的(de)(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)形，由(you)于極(ji)(ji)化現象的(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)忌諱用直流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，包括連(lian)續(xu)三(san)角波(bo)(bo)。常規性充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)最好波(bo)(bo)形是(shi)單端反激式(shi)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)常所輸出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)降(jiang)型脈沖(chong)(chong)，尤其是(shi)緊接脈沖(chong)(chong)之(zhi)后(hou)存(cun)在的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)段(duan)休止時(shi)間(jian)，還可(ke)以(yi)(yi)消除鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)因充電(dian)(dian)(dian)而產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學極(ji)(ji)化；比(bi)較而言，正激式(shi)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)溫升雖然(ran)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)做(zuo)得低一(yi)(yi)些，但其輸出(chu)波(bo)(bo)形不(bu)(bu)如(ru)反激式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，不(bu)(bu)過(guo)這(zhe)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)通(tong)過(guo)調整其輸出(chu)三(san)角波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)空比(bi)來加以(yi)(yi)彌補。

（3）在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池之間串聯有一(yi)二極管。其目(mu)的(de)(de)可(ke)能是為了防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池通過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但這樣做是錯誤(wu)的(de)(de)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)是需要又(you)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又(you)放，邊充(chong)邊放，充(chong)多放少，哪怕(pa)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)只有充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)百分(fen)之一(yi)，也將會(hui)對(dui)抑制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池氣化(hua)(hua)和抬高氣化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等產(chan)生(sheng)不可(ke)替(ti)代的(de)(de)作用。應該認識到，如能在(zai)每一(yi)常規(gui)性充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期留出幾微秒(miao)和在(zai)修(xiu)補(bu)性充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期留出幾秒(miao)鐘用來放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對(dui)消除(chu)鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)極化(hua)(hua)和濃(nong)差極化(hua)(hua)，從而(er)增(zeng)加和延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)容量和壽(shou)命將會(hui)有決定(ding)性意義。

（4）充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頻(pin)率(lv)單調。一(yi)(yi)個優(you)秀的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)必(bi)須具有多種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式：脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、負脈沖激活、變頻(pin)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)模式，只有具備這(zhe)些技術的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)才(cai)能有效地去(qu)除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液濃度(du)極差(cha)、板柵硫(liu)酸鹽化和(he)極化現(xian)象(xiang)。脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)頻(pin)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以及變頻(pin)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術，正(zheng)在(zai)被越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多地應用在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)上，可(ke)以預(yu)期，一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)兼有常(chang)規性(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能和(he)修補性(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能的(de)(de)多功(gong)(gong)能充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)必(bi)將(jiang)替代功(gong)(gong)能單一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)三段式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)而成為EB的(de)(de)主流。

4、一種實用的EB多功能充電器的充電模式和參數

       如將(jiang)凡包含(han)常(chang)規(gui)性充(chong)(chong)電(dian)功能和修(xiu)補(bu)性充(chong)(chong)電(dian)功能的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)統(tong)稱為多功能充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，那么根(gen)據以(yi)兩種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)功能結(jie)合(he)方式(shi)的(de)(de)不同，可以(yi)設(she)計(ji)出多種(zhong)模式(shi)的(de)(de)多功能充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，但從EB的(de)(de)適用(yong)角度(du)考慮，還是將(jiang)以(yi)上兩種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)功能分開來(lai)設(she)計(ji)好，即將(jiang)有限的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間劃分為兩個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間段，前段時(shi)間用(yong)來(lai)完成常(chang)規(gui)性充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，后段時(shi)間用(yong)來(lai)進(jin)行修(xiu)補(bu)性充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。以(yi)下仍(reng)以(yi)36V 12Ah鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)組為例，介紹(shao)一種(zhong)實用(yong)的(de)(de)多功能充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)模式(shi)和參數。

4、1常規性充(chong)電階(jie)段

（1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)類型：單端反激式開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)；（2）滿(man)輸出充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頻(pin)率(lv)：25kHz，即(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)3A時(shi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)工作頻(pin)率(lv)；（3）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波形：下降型三角脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)；（4）脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)幅度：約(yue)1.6V；（5）脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)最大寬(kuan)度：約(yue)25μs；（6）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)休止時(shi)間(jian)：約(yue)15μs；（7）放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流：約(yue)50mA；（8）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流：3A；（9）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)峰值電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流：約(yue)10A；（10）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)：約(yue)4h，即(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)4h后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓應上升到43.2V（常溫），容量已達(da)75%以(yi)上；（11）減流轉折電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓：常溫下43.2V，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為“氣(qi)化點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓”，即(ji)在用直流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的情況下，此時(shi)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液已開(kai)始大量氣(qi)化。以(yi)下轉入修補性充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段。

4.2修補性(xing)充電(dian)階(jie)段

（1）線(xian)性(xing)(xing)減(jian)(jian)流及(ji)范(fan)圍：電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)上(shang)升到43.2V（常溫）時，充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流開始減(jian)(jian)小，減(jian)(jian)小的速率呈線(xian)性(xing)(xing)，平均(jun)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流從(cong)3A最終減(jian)(jian)為(wei)不小于0.3A，或峰值充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流從(cong)約10A減(jian)(jian)為(wei)1A；

（2）充(chong)電(dian)頻率變化(hua)范(fan)圍(wei)：線(xian)性減流時，隨(sui)著充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流的(de)減小，充(chong)電(dian)頻率開始(shi)上升，其變化(hua)范(fan)圍(wei)為25-100kHz；

（3）充電終止電壓：參見表1列出的“恒壓充電電壓”，該電壓相當于“氣化點電壓”加約1.2V，當電池電壓上升至該電壓時，充電器終止充電；

（4）重(zhong)(zhong)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)：參見表(biao)1列出(chu)的“浮(fu)充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)”，終止(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)，當降(jiang)(jiang)至重(zhong)(zhong)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器將(jiang)再次起(qi)動(dong)(dong)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，而后充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)再次下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)將(jiang)循環反重(zhong)(zhong)地進行下(xia)(xia)去；

（5）, , 充電終(zhong)止時間(jian)(jian)(jian)：終(zhong)止充電后，電池電壓下降的時間(jian)(jian)(jian)起先較快，約(yue)幾秒鐘，隨著時間(jian)(jian)(jian)推移，終(zhong)止充電的時間(jian)(jian)(jian)會越來越長，可(ke)達幾分鐘以上；

（6）修(xiu)補性充電的延(yan)續時間：4h以(yi)上不限。