以蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為能源(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)車(che)被認(ren)為是(shi)21世紀的(de)綠色工程，由(you)于其具有(you)省時省力、無廢氣污染、無噪音、輕(qing)便美觀(guan)等特點，受到(dao)眾多使(shi)用者的(de)青睞。但(dan)在使(shi)用中也(ye)暴露出它的(de)局限性，那就是(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)容量決定(ding)了它僅能在較小范(fan)圍內(nei)使(shi)用，而且隨著使(shi)用時間的(de)遞增，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)行(xing)駛里程會逐漸縮短，許多人(ren)都有(you)半路電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)耗盡(jin)，不得不費(fei)(fei)(fei)勁騎回(hui)家的(de)經歷。本(ben)文(wen)就是(shi)要探討(tao)解決這一難(nan)題(ti)的(de)方法，提出一種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)車(che)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)來解決這一問題(ti)，采用刷(shua)卡方式(shi)(shi)或其他(ta)計費(fei)(fei)(fei)方式(shi)(shi)對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)車(che)輛(liang)進行(xing)收費(fei)(fei)(fei)，并指(zhi)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)類型。

    電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自(zi)行車快(kuai)(kuai)速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統的成(cheng)敗關鍵在(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統，它必(bi)(bi)須具有(you)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間短、對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)(shi)用壽命影響小(xiao)(xiao)以及充滿(man)判斷準確(que)的特(te)點。因此，研制(zhi)性能(neng)優良、運行可靠(kao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自(zi)行車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)快(kuai)(kuai)速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統是十分必(bi)(bi)要的。在(zai)盡(jin)可能(neng)較小(xiao)(xiao)影響蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)(shi)用壽命的前(qian)提下，希(xi)望能(neng)采用最大的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，在(zai)短時(shi)間內(nei)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)基本充足。而且在(zai)這個(ge)過(guo)程中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)既不產生大量(liang)(liang)氣(qi)體，又不使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部溫度過(guo)高。

2 控制系統硬(ying)件(jian)電路(lu)設計(ji)

2.1 系統總體(ti)組成(cheng)框圖

    本設(she)計電(dian)(dian)源采用(yong)UC3842組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)單端正激式開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)源，通過開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)源控制對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)。微(wei)處(chu)理器采用(yong)凌陽SPCE061A 16位單片(pian)(pian)機。12864液晶顯示(shi)(shi)出中文菜單，同(tong)時顯示(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)、溫(wen)度等狀態(tai)，并且利用(yong)凌陽SPCE061A 16位單片(pian)(pian)機的(de)語(yu)音(yin)功能(neng)，對充電(dian)(dian)進(jin)行語(yu)音(yin)提示(shi)(shi)。系統總體組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)框圖如圖1所(suo)示(shi)(shi)。

    顯(xian)示部(bu)分采(cai)用ACM12864液晶(jing)顯(xian)示，該模塊價格低，數據(ju)可讀可寫(xie)，自帶(dai)負電(dian)壓發(fa)生(sheng)電(dian)路，單+5V供電(dian)，帶(dai)背光，可與各種(zhong)微處理器直接接口，數據(ju)讀寫(xie)操作不受外部(bu)時鐘控制，不帶(dai)漢(han)字庫，占(zhan)空比(bi)為1/64，外部(bu)共有(you)20條引(yin)腳來進(jin)行外部(bu)接口。通過(guo)(guo)ACM12864模塊與SPCE061A的(de)接口設(she)計,可實現在充電(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中通過(guo)(guo)對(dui)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流、溫度等數據(ju)的(de)采(cai)集，經過(guo)(guo)AD轉(zhuan)換，在液晶(jing)屏上實時顯(xian)示出來。

    電(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)通過在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)回路中串聯一個(ge)0.1歐姆的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，通過讀取其(qi)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值來檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流；電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)通過兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)兩(liang)端的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)進行分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)，使分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)值在凌陽SPCE061A A/D轉換電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)范(fan)圍之(zhi)內，從而檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。 蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)(du)的(de)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)是用溫度(du)(du)轉換專用芯片AD590來進行的(de)。在整個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，要不斷檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)溫度(du)(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流值，當溫度(du)(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流有異常時，停止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，發出報警(jing)信號(hao)。

    SPCE061A的(de)主要特(te)點：16個I/O口，32k字(zi)(zi)的(de)存儲(chu)空間，足夠(gou)存儲(chu)程序和字(zi)(zi)模；它(ta)內部(bu)集成AD、DA和看門狗定時(shi)器，這些特(te)性，可(ke)以大(da)(da)大(da)(da)簡化(hua)外(wai)(wai)圍(wei)電路。不(bu)僅外(wai)(wai)部(bu)電路簡單,而且可(ke)以方便實現人性化(hua)很強的(de)人機界面（鍵盤(pan)輸入和液晶(jing)中文菜單）和語音提示(shi)功能。