以蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為能源(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)(xing)車被認為是21世紀的(de)綠(lv)色工(gong)程，由于其具有省(sheng)時(shi)省(sheng)力、無廢氣污染、無噪音、輕便(bian)美(mei)觀(guan)等特點，受到眾多(duo)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)者(zhe)的(de)青睞。但在使(shi)(shi)用(yong)中也(ye)暴(bao)露出它的(de)局限性，那就是蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)容(rong)量(liang)決定了它僅能在較小范圍內使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，而且(qie)隨(sui)著(zhu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時(shi)間的(de)遞增，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)行(xing)(xing)駛里(li)程會逐漸縮短，許多(duo)人都(dou)有半路電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)耗盡，不得不費(fei)勁騎回家的(de)經(jing)歷。本文就是要(yao)探討(tao)解決這一難(nan)題的(de)方法，提出一種電(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)(xing)車快(kuai)速充電(dian)(dian)的(de)模(mo)式來解決這一問題，采用(yong)刷(shua)卡(ka)方式或其他計(ji)費(fei)方式對充電(dian)(dian)車輛進(jin)行(xing)(xing)收(shou)費(fei)，并指定電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)類型。

    電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統的(de)成敗關鍵在(zai)(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統，它必(bi)須(xu)具有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)短(duan)、對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)用壽命影(ying)(ying)響小以及充(chong)(chong)滿判斷(duan)準(zhun)確(que)的(de)特點。因此，研制性能優良、運行可(ke)靠的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統是(shi)十分必(bi)要的(de)。在(zai)(zai)盡(jin)可(ke)能較小影(ying)(ying)響蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)用壽命的(de)前提下，希望能采用最大的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，在(zai)(zai)短(duan)時(shi)間(jian)內將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量基本充(chong)(chong)足。而且在(zai)(zai)這個過(guo)程中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)既不產生大量氣體(ti)，又不使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部溫(wen)度過(guo)高。

2 控(kong)制系統硬件電路設計

2.1 系統(tong)總體組成(cheng)框圖(tu)

    本設計電(dian)源(yuan)采(cai)用UC3842組(zu)成單(dan)端正(zheng)激式開關電(dian)源(yuan)，通(tong)過開關電(dian)源(yuan)控制對蓄(xu)電(dian)池進(jin)行(xing)充電(dian)。微處(chu)理器采(cai)用凌陽SPCE061A 16位(wei)(wei)單(dan)片機(ji)。12864液晶顯示(shi)出中文(wen)菜單(dan)，同時(shi)顯示(shi)電(dian)池的電(dian)壓、電(dian)流、溫度等(deng)狀態，并且利用凌陽SPCE061A 16位(wei)(wei)單(dan)片機(ji)的語音功能，對充電(dian)進(jin)行(xing)語音提(ti)示(shi)。系統總體組(zu)成框圖如(ru)圖1所示(shi)。

    顯示(shi)(shi)部分采用ACM12864液晶顯示(shi)(shi)，該模(mo)塊(kuai)價格(ge)低(di)，數(shu)據可(ke)(ke)讀可(ke)(ke)寫，自帶負電(dian)(dian)壓發生電(dian)(dian)路，單+5V供電(dian)(dian)，帶背光，可(ke)(ke)與(yu)(yu)各(ge)種(zhong)微處理器直接(jie)接(jie)口，數(shu)據讀寫操作(zuo)不受外部時鐘控制，不帶漢字庫，占空比(bi)為1/64，外部共有20條引腳(jiao)來進行外部接(jie)口。通過ACM12864模(mo)塊(kuai)與(yu)(yu)SPCE061A的接(jie)口設計,可(ke)(ke)實(shi)現在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中通過對(dui)電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流、溫度等(deng)數(shu)據的采集(ji)，經過AD轉(zhuan)換，在(zai)液晶屏上實(shi)時顯示(shi)(shi)出(chu)來。

    電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)通過(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)中(zhong)串聯一個(ge)0.1歐姆的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，通過(guo)(guo)讀取其上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)來(lai)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)通過(guo)(guo)兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)兩端的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)進(jin)行分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，使分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)在(zai)(zai)凌陽SPCE061A A/D轉換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)范圍之(zhi)內，從而檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。 蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)的(de)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)是(shi)用溫度(du)轉換專用芯片AD590來(lai)進(jin)行的(de)。在(zai)(zai)整個(ge)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，要不斷檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)溫度(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)，當溫度(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流有(you)異常時，停止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，發出(chu)報警信號。

    SPCE061A的主要(yao)特點：16個I/O口，32k字的存儲空(kong)間，足夠(gou)存儲程序(xu)和(he)字模；它內部(bu)集成AD、DA和(he)看門狗定時器，這些特性，可以大大簡化外圍電路。不(bu)僅外部(bu)電路簡單,而且可以方便(bian)實現人(ren)性化很強的人(ren)機(ji)界(jie)面（鍵(jian)盤輸入和(he)液晶中文菜單）和(he)語音提示功能。