以(yi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)能源的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車被認(ren)為(wei)是21世紀(ji)的(de)綠色工程，由于其(qi)具有(you)省時省力、無廢氣污(wu)染、無噪音(yin)、輕(qing)便美(mei)觀等特點，受到眾(zhong)多使用者的(de)青睞。但(dan)在使用中(zhong)也暴露(lu)出(chu)它的(de)局限性(xing)，那就是蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)容量決(jue)定了(le)它僅能在較小范(fan)圍內使用，而且隨著使用時間的(de)遞增，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)行駛里程會逐漸縮短，許(xu)多人(ren)都有(you)半路電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)耗盡(jin)，不得不費勁(jing)騎(qi)回(hui)家的(de)經歷。本文就是要(yao)探討解決(jue)這(zhe)一(yi)難題的(de)方(fang)法，提(ti)出(chu)一(yi)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)模式(shi)(shi)來解決(jue)這(zhe)一(yi)問題，采(cai)用刷卡(ka)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)或其(qi)他計費方(fang)式(shi)(shi)對(dui)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)車輛進(jin)行收費，并指定電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)類型。

    電(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車(che)快(kuai)速充電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的(de)成敗關(guan)鍵在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統，它必須具有充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)短、對蓄電(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)影響(xiang)小以及(ji)充滿判斷準確的(de)特點。因(yin)此，研制(zhi)性能(neng)優良、運行可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)池快(kuai)速充電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統是十(shi)分必要的(de)。在(zai)盡可(ke)能(neng)較(jiao)小影響(xiang)蓄電(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)的(de)前提下，希望能(neng)采用(yong)最大(da)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，在(zai)短時(shi)間(jian)(jian)內將電(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)基本充足。而且(qie)在(zai)這個過(guo)程中，電(dian)(dian)池既不產生大(da)量(liang)氣體，又不使(shi)電(dian)(dian)池內部溫度過(guo)高(gao)。

2 控(kong)制系統硬件電(dian)路設(she)計

2.1 系統總體組成框圖

    本設計電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)采(cai)用(yong)UC3842組成單端(duan)正激式開關電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，通過開關電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)控制對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。微處理器采(cai)用(yong)凌陽SPCE061A 16位(wei)單片機。12864液(ye)晶顯示(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)中(zhong)文菜單，同時顯示(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流、溫度等狀態，并(bing)且(qie)利用(yong)凌陽SPCE061A 16位(wei)單片機的(de)語(yu)音(yin)功(gong)能(neng)，對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)進行(xing)語(yu)音(yin)提示(shi)(shi)(shi)。系統總體組成框圖如圖1所(suo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)。

    顯(xian)示(shi)部分(fen)采用ACM12864液晶顯(xian)示(shi)，該模(mo)塊(kuai)價格低，數(shu)據可讀(du)可寫(xie)，自帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)壓發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，單+5V供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，帶(dai)背光，可與各種微處理器(qi)直接(jie)接(jie)口(kou)，數(shu)據讀(du)寫(xie)操作不受(shou)外(wai)部時(shi)鐘控制(zhi)，不帶(dai)漢字(zi)庫，占空(kong)比為(wei)1/64，外(wai)部共有20條引腳來進行外(wai)部接(jie)口(kou)。通過ACM12864模(mo)塊(kuai)與SPCE061A的接(jie)口(kou)設計,可實(shi)現(xian)在充電(dian)(dian)過程中通過對(dui)電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流、溫度(du)等數(shu)據的采集，經過AD轉換，在液晶屏上(shang)實(shi)時(shi)顯(xian)示(shi)出來。

    電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢(jian)測(ce)通過(guo)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路中串(chuan)聯(lian)一個(ge)0.1歐姆的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，通過(guo)讀(du)取其上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)來檢(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢(jian)測(ce)通過(guo)兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)兩端的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)分壓(ya)(ya)，使分壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)凌陽(yang)SPCE061A A/D轉(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)范圍之內，從而檢(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。 蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度的(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)是用溫度轉(zhuan)換(huan)專用芯片AD590來進(jin)(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)。在(zai)整個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中，要不斷檢(jian)測(ce)溫度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)(zhi)，當溫度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)有異常時，停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，發出報警信(xin)號。

    SPCE061A的主要特點(dian)：16個I/O口(kou)，32k字(zi)的存儲空間，足(zu)夠存儲程序和字(zi)模；它(ta)內部集成AD、DA和看門狗定(ding)時器，這些特性，可(ke)以大大簡(jian)化(hua)外圍電路(lu)。不僅外部電路(lu)簡(jian)單,而且可(ke)以方便(bian)實現人(ren)性化(hua)很強的人(ren)機界(jie)面（鍵盤輸入和液晶中文菜單）和語音提(ti)示(shi)功能。