以蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)為能源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)動自行車被認為是(shi)21世(shi)紀的(de)(de)(de)綠色(se)工程，由于(yu)其具有(you)(you)省(sheng)時(shi)省(sheng)力、無廢氣污染、無噪(zao)音、輕便美觀等特點，受到眾多使(shi)(shi)用(yong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)青睞。但在使(shi)(shi)用(yong)中也暴露出它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)局限性(xing)，那就是(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容量決(jue)定了它(ta)(ta)僅能在較小(xiao)范圍(wei)內使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，而且(qie)隨著(zhu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)遞增(zeng)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)行駛里程會逐漸縮短(duan)，許多人都(dou)有(you)(you)半路(lu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)耗盡(jin)，不(bu)得不(bu)費(fei)勁騎回家的(de)(de)(de)經歷。本(ben)文就是(shi)要探討解(jie)決(jue)這一難題的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，提出一種電(dian)動自行車快速充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)式(shi)來(lai)解(jie)決(jue)這一問(wen)題，采用(yong)刷(shua)卡方式(shi)或(huo)其他計費(fei)方式(shi)對充(chong)電(dian)車輛進行收費(fei)，并指定電(dian)池(chi)(chi)類型(xing)。

    電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車(che)快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的(de)(de)成(cheng)敗關鍵(jian)在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統，它必須具有充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間短、對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用壽(shou)命影響(xiang)小(xiao)以及(ji)充滿判斷準確(que)的(de)(de)特點。因此，研制(zhi)性(xing)能優良、運行可靠的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統是十分必要的(de)(de)。在盡可能較小(xiao)影響(xiang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用壽(shou)命的(de)(de)前提下(xia)，希(xi)望能采用最(zui)大的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，在短時(shi)間內將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)基本充足。而且在這個過程中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)既不(bu)產生大量(liang)氣體，又不(bu)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部溫度過高。

2 控制系統硬件(jian)電路(lu)設計

2.1 系統(tong)總體組成框圖

    本設(she)計(ji)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)采用UC3842組成(cheng)單端正激(ji)式開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，通(tong)過開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)控制對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)(xing)充電(dian)(dian)。微處理器采用凌陽SPCE061A 16位單片機。12864液晶顯(xian)示出中文菜單，同時(shi)顯(xian)示電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流、溫(wen)度等(deng)狀態(tai)，并且(qie)利用凌陽SPCE061A 16位單片機的語音(yin)功能，對充電(dian)(dian)進行(xing)(xing)語音(yin)提示。系統總體(ti)組成(cheng)框(kuang)圖(tu)如圖(tu)1所(suo)示。

    顯(xian)示(shi)部分采(cai)用ACM12864液(ye)(ye)晶顯(xian)示(shi)，該模塊價格低(di)，數(shu)(shu)據可(ke)(ke)讀可(ke)(ke)寫，自帶負(fu)電(dian)壓(ya)發生電(dian)路(lu)，單(dan)+5V供電(dian)，帶背光，可(ke)(ke)與各(ge)種(zhong)微(wei)處理器直接(jie)接(jie)口，數(shu)(shu)據讀寫操作(zuo)不受外(wai)(wai)部時鐘控制(zhi)，不帶漢字庫，占空比為(wei)1/64，外(wai)(wai)部共有20條引腳來(lai)進(jin)行外(wai)(wai)部接(jie)口。通過ACM12864模塊與SPCE061A的接(jie)口設計,可(ke)(ke)實現在充電(dian)過程(cheng)中通過對電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流、溫度等數(shu)(shu)據的采(cai)集，經過AD轉換，在液(ye)(ye)晶屏上實時顯(xian)示(shi)出來(lai)。

    電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)通(tong)過(guo)在(zai)(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路中串聯一個(ge)(ge)(ge)0.1歐(ou)姆的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，通(tong)過(guo)讀(du)取其上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)來檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)通(tong)過(guo)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池兩(liang)(liang)端的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)進行分壓(ya)(ya)，使分壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)凌(ling)陽(yang)SPCE061A A/D轉換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)范圍之內(nei)，從而檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。 蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度(du)的(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)是(shi)用溫度(du)轉換(huan)專用芯(xin)片AD590來進行的(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，要(yao)不斷檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)溫度(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)(zhi)，當溫度(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流有異常(chang)時(shi)，停(ting)止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，發(fa)出(chu)報警信號。

    SPCE061A的(de)主要特點(dian)：16個I/O口，32k字的(de)存(cun)儲空間，足夠存(cun)儲程序和(he)字模；它(ta)內部(bu)集成(cheng)AD、DA和(he)看(kan)門狗定(ding)時(shi)器(qi)，這些(xie)特性，可(ke)以大(da)(da)大(da)(da)簡化外(wai)圍電路。不僅(jin)外(wai)部(bu)電路簡單,而且(qie)可(ke)以方(fang)便實現人性化很(hen)強(qiang)的(de)人機(ji)界面（鍵盤輸入和(he)液晶中文(wen)菜(cai)單）和(he)語音提示功能。