以蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車被認為是(shi)21世(shi)紀(ji)的綠色工程(cheng)，由于其(qi)具(ju)有省(sheng)時(shi)省(sheng)力(li)、無(wu)(wu)廢(fei)氣污染、無(wu)(wu)噪(zao)音(yin)、輕便美觀等特(te)點，受(shou)到眾多(duo)使用(yong)者的青睞。但(dan)在使用(yong)中也暴露出(chu)它的局限性(xing)，那(nei)就(jiu)是(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的容量決定(ding)了它僅能(neng)(neng)在較小范圍內使用(yong)，而(er)且隨著使用(yong)時(shi)間的遞增，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)行駛里程(cheng)會逐漸縮短，許多(duo)人都有半路電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)耗盡，不得不費勁騎回家的經歷。本(ben)文就(jiu)是(shi)要探討解(jie)決這一難(nan)題的方法，提出(chu)一種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的模式來解(jie)決這一問題，采用(yong)刷卡(ka)方式或其(qi)他計(ji)費方式對充電(dian)(dian)(dian)車輛進行收費，并指定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)類型。

    電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)車(che)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)成敗關鍵在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統，它(ta)必須具有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間短、對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)影響小以及充(chong)(chong)滿判斷準確的(de)(de)(de)特點。因此，研制性能優良(liang)、運行(xing)可靠的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)車(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統是十分必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)。在盡可能較小影響蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提下，希望能采(cai)用最大的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，在短時(shi)間內將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)基本充(chong)(chong)足。而且在這(zhe)個(ge)過程中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)既不(bu)產(chan)生大量(liang)(liang)氣體，又不(bu)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部溫(wen)度過高。

2 控制系統硬(ying)件(jian)電路設計

2.1 系(xi)統總體(ti)組成框圖

    本(ben)設計(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源采(cai)用UC3842組成單(dan)端(duan)正激(ji)式(shi)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，通過開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源控制(zhi)對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。微(wei)處理器采(cai)用凌(ling)陽SPCE061A 16位單(dan)片機。12864液晶顯示(shi)出中文菜(cai)單(dan)，同時顯示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、溫度(du)等(deng)狀態，并且利用凌(ling)陽SPCE061A 16位單(dan)片機的語音功(gong)能(neng)，對充電(dian)(dian)(dian)進行(xing)語音提(ti)示(shi)。系統總體組成框圖如圖1所示(shi)。

    顯示部(bu)分(fen)采(cai)用(yong)ACM12864液晶(jing)顯示，該模(mo)塊價格低(di)，數(shu)據可讀可寫，自帶負(fu)電(dian)壓(ya)發生電(dian)路，單+5V供電(dian)，帶背光，可與各種微(wei)處理(li)器直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)口(kou)，數(shu)據讀寫操(cao)作(zuo)不(bu)受(shou)外(wai)部(bu)時(shi)鐘(zhong)控制，不(bu)帶漢(han)字庫，占(zhan)空比為1/64，外(wai)部(bu)共(gong)有20條引(yin)腳來進行外(wai)部(bu)接(jie)口(kou)。通過ACM12864模(mo)塊與SPCE061A的(de)接(jie)口(kou)設計,可實(shi)現在(zai)充電(dian)過程中通過對電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流(liu)、溫(wen)度(du)等數(shu)據的(de)采(cai)集，經(jing)過AD轉換，在(zai)液晶(jing)屏(ping)上實(shi)時(shi)顯示出(chu)來。

    電(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)通過(guo)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)中(zhong)串聯一個(ge)0.1歐姆的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，通過(guo)讀取(qu)其上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值來檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流；電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)通過(guo)兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池兩端的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)進行分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，使分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值在凌陽SPCE061A A/D轉(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)范圍之(zhi)內，從(cong)而(er)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。 蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度(du)(du)的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)是用溫度(du)(du)轉(zhuan)換(huan)專用芯片AD590來進行的(de)(de)。在整個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，要(yao)不斷檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)溫度(du)(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流值，當溫度(du)(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流有異常時，停止(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，發出(chu)報警信號。

    SPCE061A的主要特點：16個I/O口，32k字(zi)的存儲(chu)空間，足夠存儲(chu)程序和(he)字(zi)模；它內部(bu)集成AD、DA和(he)看門狗定時器，這些特性(xing)(xing)，可(ke)以大大簡化外(wai)圍電路。不僅(jin)外(wai)部(bu)電路簡單,而且(qie)可(ke)以方(fang)便實現人(ren)性(xing)(xing)化很(hen)強的人(ren)機界面（鍵盤輸入和(he)液晶(jing)中文菜單）和(he)語音提示功能。