以(yi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為能(neng)源的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)車被認為是21世紀的(de)(de)綠色工程，由于(yu)其具有省時省力、無廢氣污染、無噪(zao)音、輕便(bian)美觀(guan)等(deng)特(te)點，受到眾多(duo)(duo)使用(yong)(yong)者的(de)(de)青(qing)睞。但在使用(yong)(yong)中也暴(bao)露出它的(de)(de)局限性，那就是蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)容量決定(ding)了(le)它僅能(neng)在較小范圍內使用(yong)(yong)，而且隨著使用(yong)(yong)時間(jian)的(de)(de)遞增(zeng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)行(xing)駛里程會逐漸(jian)縮短，許多(duo)(duo)人都有半路電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)耗盡，不(bu)得不(bu)費(fei)(fei)勁(jing)騎回(hui)家的(de)(de)經(jing)歷。本文就是要探討解決這(zhe)一難題的(de)(de)方(fang)法，提出一種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)車快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)模式(shi)來解決這(zhe)一問題，采用(yong)(yong)刷(shua)卡方(fang)式(shi)或其他計費(fei)(fei)方(fang)式(shi)對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)車輛進行(xing)收費(fei)(fei)，并(bing)指定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)類型。

    電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自(zi)行(xing)車快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)成敗關鍵在蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，它(ta)必須具有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)短(duan)、對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)壽(shou)命影響(xiang)小(xiao)(xiao)以及充(chong)(chong)滿判(pan)斷準確(que)的(de)特點。因此(ci)，研制性能優良(liang)、運行(xing)可靠的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自(zi)行(xing)車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)是十分必要的(de)。在盡(jin)可能較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)影響(xiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)壽(shou)命的(de)前提下，希望能采(cai)用(yong)最大(da)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，在短(duan)時(shi)間(jian)內將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量基本充(chong)(chong)足。而且在這個過程中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)既(ji)不(bu)產生大(da)量氣(qi)體，又不(bu)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部溫度(du)過高。

2 控制系統硬件(jian)電路設計

2.1 系統總(zong)體組成框圖

    本設計電(dian)(dian)源采用(yong)UC3842組(zu)成單(dan)(dan)端正激式開關電(dian)(dian)源，通過(guo)開關電(dian)(dian)源控制對蓄電(dian)(dian)池進行充電(dian)(dian)。微(wei)處理(li)器采用(yong)凌陽(yang)SPCE061A 16位單(dan)(dan)片機(ji)。12864液晶(jing)顯(xian)示(shi)出中(zhong)文菜單(dan)(dan)，同時顯(xian)示(shi)電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流、溫(wen)度等狀態，并(bing)且利用(yong)凌陽(yang)SPCE061A 16位單(dan)(dan)片機(ji)的語音功能，對充電(dian)(dian)進行語音提示(shi)。系(xi)統(tong)總體組(zu)成框圖如圖1所示(shi)。

    顯(xian)示部(bu)(bu)分采(cai)用ACM12864液(ye)晶顯(xian)示，該(gai)模(mo)塊(kuai)價(jia)格低(di)，數(shu)據可(ke)讀(du)可(ke)寫，自(zi)帶負(fu)電壓發生電路(lu)，單+5V供(gong)電，帶背光，可(ke)與(yu)各種微處理器(qi)直接接口(kou)(kou)，數(shu)據讀(du)寫操作不(bu)受外(wai)(wai)部(bu)(bu)時鐘控制，不(bu)帶漢(han)字(zi)庫，占空比(bi)為1/64，外(wai)(wai)部(bu)(bu)共(gong)有20條引腳來進(jin)行外(wai)(wai)部(bu)(bu)接口(kou)(kou)。通過(guo)(guo)ACM12864模(mo)塊(kuai)與(yu)SPCE061A的接口(kou)(kou)設計,可(ke)實現(xian)在充電過(guo)(guo)程中通過(guo)(guo)對(dui)電壓、電流、溫(wen)度等數(shu)據的采(cai)集，經過(guo)(guo)AD轉換，在液(ye)晶屏上實時顯(xian)示出(chu)來。

    電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)通過(guo)(guo)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)回路中(zhong)串聯(lian)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)0.1歐姆的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻，通過(guo)(guo)讀取其上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓值來檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)；電(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)通過(guo)(guo)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)阻對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池兩(liang)端的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓進行分壓，使分壓值在凌陽SPCE061A A/D轉換(huan)電(dian)(dian)壓范圍之內，從(cong)而檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)壓。 蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)是用溫(wen)度(du)(du)轉換(huan)專用芯片AD590來進行的(de)(de)。在整個(ge)(ge)(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，要不斷檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)溫(wen)度(du)(du)、電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)值，當溫(wen)度(du)(du)、電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)有異常時，停(ting)止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，發出報警信號。

    SPCE061A的主要特點：16個(ge)I/O口，32k字的存(cun)儲空間，足夠存(cun)儲程序(xu)和(he)(he)字模(mo)；它內部集成(cheng)AD、DA和(he)(he)看門狗定時(shi)器，這些特性，可(ke)以大大簡化外(wai)圍電(dian)路。不(bu)僅外(wai)部電(dian)路簡單,而且可(ke)以方便實現人性化很強(qiang)的人機(ji)界面（鍵盤輸入和(he)(he)液晶中(zhong)文菜(cai)單）和(he)(he)語音提示功能(neng)。