鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器是(shi)專門用(yong)來為(wei)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，所 以鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器通常都有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制精密度，能(neng)(neng)夠對鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行恒(heng)(heng)流恒(heng)(heng)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)具(ju)有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)重量(liang)(liang)比(bi)和(he)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)體積比(bi)、無(wu)記憶效應、可重復充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多次、使用(yong)壽(shou)命較(jiao)(jiao)長、價格也越(yue)來越(yue)低。鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)些特點促(cu)進了便(bian)攜式(shi)產品向更(geng)小更(geng)輕的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向發展,使得選用(yong)單(dan)節鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產品也越(yue)來越(yue)多。鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不足之處在于(yu)對充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器要(yao)(yao)(yao)求比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)苛刻,需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)是(shi)恒(heng)(heng)流恒(heng)(heng)壓方(fang)式(shi),為(wei)有(you)(you)效利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)(liang),需(xu)將鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,但(dan)是(shi)過(guo)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)損(sun)壞,這(zhe)就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制精度。另外,對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)進行預充,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器最好帶有(you)(you)熱(re)保(bao)護和(he)時間保(bao)護,為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)提供附(fu)加(jia)保(bao)護。因(yin)此，安全有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器對于(yu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)來說就(jiu)是(shi)必須(xu)而且是(shi)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

    鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器工作(zuo)原理：鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器外接(jie)限流(liu)型(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)Ｐ溝道場效應管,可(ke)以對單(dan)節(jie)鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行安(an)全有效的快充(chong)(chong)(chong),其最(zui)(zui)大特點是(shi)在不使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)的情況(kuang)下(xia)仍能(neng)做到很(hen)低(di)的功率耗散,采用(yong)8腳μMAX封裝。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制精度達0.75％,可(ke)以實現(xian)預充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),具有過壓保護(hu)和(he)溫度保護(hu)功能(neng),最(zui)(zui)長充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間限制為鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供二(er)次保護(hu),鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)方式(shi)能(neng)夠使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)至最(zui)(zui)大。

　　當充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在正常的(de)(de)工作溫(wen)度范圍內時(shi),插(cha)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)將啟動(dong)一次充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程;充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束的(de)(de)條件(jian)是平均的(de)(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流達到快充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)1％,或(huo)時(shi)間超出片上預置的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器能夠自動(dong)檢測(ce)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源,沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源時(shi)自動(dong)關斷以(yi)減少(shao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。啟動(dong)快充(chong)后打開外接的(de)(de)P型(xing)場效應管,當檢測(ce)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達到設定的(de)(de)門(men)限時(shi)進入脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式,Ｐ溝道(dao)場效應管打開的(de)(de)時(shi)間會(hui)越來越短,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束時(shi),LED指示燈將會(hui)按12％的(de)(de)周期閃爍。

工(gong)作流程

　　鋰離子電池充電器(qi)的工作狀(zhuang)態(tai)流程圖(tu)如圖(tu)1所(suo)示(shi)。

　　（1）初(chu)始化充電(dian)周期

　　鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器檢測到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池和(he)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源后將(jiang)初始化充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束后,如檢測到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于(yu)(yu)3.89V或THERM引腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于(yu)(yu)1.4V將(jiang)重(zhong)新充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。允許快充(chong)(chong)的(de)條件是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)大于(yu)(yu)2.5V且小于(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閾值電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（默(mo)認值是(shi)4.2V）,而(er)且溫(wen)度(du)范圍為2.5°C～47.5°C,如果(guo)溫(wen)度(du)范圍不(bu)符,鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器將(jiang)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)等待狀態(tai)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于(yu)(yu)2.5V時,鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器用5mA的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流預(yu)充(chong)(chong),防止深度(du)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在快充(chong)(chong)時被損壞甚至發生危險。

　　（2）快充過程

　　快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)開始后,鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)打開外接(jie)的(de)P溝(gou)道場效應(ying)(ying)管,充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流由外部(bu)限流型(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源決定。由于P溝(gou)道場效應(ying)(ying)管工(gong)作在開關狀態(tai),并非線性穩(wen)壓器(qi),所以功耗極小,快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)結束的(de)條件是(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓達到閾值（由ADJ引腳調節）或充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)達到預(yu)定的(de)快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)間(jian)或溫度(du)超(chao)出(chu)安全范圍(wei)(wei),溫度(du)超(chao)出(chu)工(gong)作范圍(wei)(wei)時(shi)快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)只是(shi)暫停,當(dang)溫度(du)恢復后快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)將持續進(jin)行。

　　（3）脈沖充電過程(cheng)

　　多數(shu)情(qing)況下充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)達到(dao)閾值后(hou)便結束(shu)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)過(guo)程而進(jin)入脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程,鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)每隔2ms檢測一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)小于(yu)閾值時(shi),外部(bu)P溝(gou)道場效應(ying)(ying)管導(dao)通,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)大于(yu)等于(yu)閾值時(shi),P溝(gou)道場效應(ying)(ying)管斷開,脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程接(jie)近結束(shu)時(shi),P溝(gou)道場效應(ying)(ying)管的斷開時(shi)間大大超過(guo)接(jie)通時(shi)間,達到(dao)TSEL管腳設(she)置的周期比（1／64,1／128,1／256）后(hou)脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程結束(shu)。

　　（4）充電狀態指示CHG

　　管(guan)(guan)腳CHG與管(guan)(guan)腳IN之間連接(jie)LED作(zuo)為(wei)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀態指(zhi)示燈,當(dang)沒有插入電(dian)(dian)池(chi)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)源沒有連接(jie)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓小于2.2V時(shi)(shi),CHG管(guan)(guan)腳是高阻態,LED不亮(liang);當(dang)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)或(huo)(huo)脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi),LED亮(liang),在(zai)初始化期間或(huo)(huo)時(shi)(shi)間超(chao)出預定時(shi)(shi)間,LED按50％的周期閃爍;當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀態結(jie)束時(shi)(shi),LED按12％的周期閃爍。

典型應(ying)用及(ji)注意事項

  

典型應用電路圖

　　圖２是一個簡單的(de)單節鋰離子電池充電器,包括(kuo)：LED顯示、熱敏(min)電阻(zu)、電流反(fan)向保護(hu)。

　　ADJ引腳(jiao)通過10kΩ的電阻與內部(bu) 1.4V的精密(mi)基準源相連接,當(dang)ADJ對地沒有連接電阻RADJ時,電池(chi)充電電壓(ya)閾值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)缺省(sheng)值(zhi)(zhi)：VBR＝4.2V;

　　當需要(yao)自行設置充電閾值時,可(ke)在ADJ引腳(jiao)與GND間(jian)接一精度為1％的(de)電阻RADJ,阻值由下式確(que)定：

  

阻值

　　圖(tu)2電路(lu)中,充電閾值為4.1V,由（１）式(shi)得RADJ＝410kΩ,電阻精(jing)度為1％時,產生的(de)系(xi)統誤(wu)差(cha)為：

  

系統誤差

　　TSEL管腳接(jie)BATT或(huo)ADJ或(huo)GND將(jiang)得到(dao)不(bu)同的快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)和完整的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。TSEL管腳接(jie)BATT時(shi)(shi)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)55分鐘,全部(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)2.8小時(shi)(shi)TSEL接(jie)ADJ時(shi)(shi)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)75分鐘,整個充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)3.75小時(shi)(shi),TSEL接(jie)GND時(shi)(shi)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)沒(mei)有(you)限(xian)制(zhi),整個充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)6.25小時(shi)(shi)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的限(xian)制(zhi)可以采用限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)阻的方(fang)法解(jie)決(jue)。 

鋰電池(chi)充(chong)電器使用注意事項(xiang)：

　　　　1.應使(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)選擇與被充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)池一致。如果(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)工作(zuo)(zuo)于鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池狀態而去允鎳氫或鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)池，則電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)不(bu)滿，會大(da)大(da)減(jian)少工作(zuo)(zuo)時間(jian)。如果(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)工作(zuo)(zuo)于鎳電(dian)(dian)池狀態而去充(chong)(chong)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池，則鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池被過充(chong)(chong)，將嚴(yan)重影響電(dian)(dian)池的(de)壽命。

　　2.要(yao)了解所用(yong)充電器充滿(man)點亮時電池(chi)是否真的已充滿(man)。有些充電器見(jian)到充滿(man)指示燈亮即可將鋰電池(chi)取下(xia)，有些充電器要(yao)見(jian)到指示燈全(quan)亮才可將電池(chi)取下(xia)。