鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是專門用(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)為鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)保護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，所 以鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)通常都有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制精(jing)密度，能夠對鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進(jin)(jin)行(xing)恒流恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池具有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能量重量比和(he)能量體積比、無記憶效應、可重復充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多(duo)次、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)長、價格也(ye)越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)低。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這些特(te)點促(cu)進(jin)(jin)了便攜式(shi)(shi)產品向更小(xiao)更輕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向發展,使(shi)得選用(yong)(yong)(yong)單節鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品也(ye)越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)多(duo)。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不足之處在于(yu)對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)苛刻,需(xu)要(yao)(yao)保護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)是恒流恒壓(ya)方式(shi)(shi),為有(you)效利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量,需(xu)將鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),但是過壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池損壞,這就要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制精(jing)度。另外,對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池需(xu)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)預(yu)充(chong)(chong),充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)最(zui)好帶有(you)熱保護(hu)(hu)和(he)時間保護(hu)(hu),為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供(gong)附加保護(hu)(hu)。因此，安(an)全有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對于(yu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池來(lai)說就是必(bi)須而(er)且是必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

    鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)工作原理：鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)外(wai)接限流型充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源和Ｐ溝道場效應管,可以對單節(jie)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行安(an)全有(you)效的快充(chong)(chong),其最大(da)特點是在不使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)感的情況下仍(reng)能(neng)做到很低(di)的功率(lv)耗散,采(cai)用8腳(jiao)μMAX封裝。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控制精度達0.75％,可以實(shi)現預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),具有(you)過壓保(bao)護(hu)和溫度保(bao)護(hu)功能(neng),最長(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)限制為鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)提供二(er)次(ci)保(bao)護(hu),鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的浮充(chong)(chong)方式能(neng)夠使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量充(chong)(chong)至最大(da)。

　　當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在正常的(de)(de)工作(zuo)溫度范圍(wei)內時(shi),插入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)將(jiang)啟動(dong)(dong)一(yi)次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程;充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束的(de)(de)條件是平均(jun)的(de)(de)脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流達(da)到(dao)(dao)快充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)1％,或(huo)時(shi)間超出(chu)片上預置的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器能夠自(zi)動(dong)(dong)檢測充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源,沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)源時(shi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)關斷以減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)。啟動(dong)(dong)快充(chong)(chong)后打開外接的(de)(de)P型場(chang)效(xiao)應管,當(dang)檢測到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達(da)到(dao)(dao)設定的(de)(de)門限時(shi)進入(ru)脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi),Ｐ溝道場(chang)效(xiao)應管打開的(de)(de)時(shi)間會越來越短,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束時(shi),LED指示燈將(jiang)會按(an)12％的(de)(de)周期閃(shan)爍。

工作流(liu)程

　　鋰離子電(dian)池充電(dian)器的工作狀態流程圖如圖1所示(shi)。

　　（1）初始(shi)化充電周期

　　鋰(li)離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器檢(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源后將(jiang)(jiang)初(chu)始化充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期(qi),充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束后,如檢(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)于3.89V或(huo)THERM引(yin)腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高于1.4V將(jiang)(jiang)重(zhong)新充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。允許快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)的條件是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)大于2.5V且小于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閾值電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（默認值是(shi)(shi)4.2V）,而且溫(wen)度(du)范圍為2.5°C～47.5°C,如果溫(wen)度(du)范圍不符,鋰(li)離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器將(jiang)(jiang)處于等待狀態。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)于2.5V時(shi),鋰(li)離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器用(yong)5mA的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流預充(chong)(chong),防止深度(du)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的鋰(li)離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)時(shi)被損壞甚至發生危(wei)險。

　　（2）快充過程

　　快(kuai)充(chong)開始后,鋰離(li)子電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)打開外接(jie)的P溝道(dao)場(chang)效應管,充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)由(you)外部限流(liu)型充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)源(yuan)決定(ding)。由(you)于P溝道(dao)場(chang)效應管工作在開關狀態,并非線性穩壓(ya)器(qi)(qi),所以(yi)功耗極小(xiao),快(kuai)充(chong)結束的條(tiao)件是(shi)電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到(dao)閾值（由(you)ADJ引腳(jiao)調節(jie)）或充(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)達(da)到(dao)預(yu)定(ding)的快(kuai)充(chong)時間(jian)或溫(wen)度超出安(an)全范圍(wei),溫(wen)度超出工作范圍(wei)時快(kuai)充(chong)只是(shi)暫停,當溫(wen)度恢復(fu)后快(kuai)充(chong)將持(chi)續進(jin)行。

　　（3）脈沖充電(dian)過(guo)程

　　多數情況下充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)達(da)到閾(yu)值后便結(jie)束快充(chong)過(guo)程(cheng)而進入脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng),鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器每隔2ms檢測(ce)一次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)小(xiao)于閾(yu)值時(shi)(shi)(shi),外部P溝(gou)道(dao)場效(xiao)應(ying)管導通,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)大(da)(da)于等于閾(yu)值時(shi)(shi)(shi),P溝(gou)道(dao)場效(xiao)應(ying)管斷開,脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)接(jie)近結(jie)束時(shi)(shi)(shi),P溝(gou)道(dao)場效(xiao)應(ying)管的斷開時(shi)(shi)(shi)間大(da)(da)大(da)(da)超過(guo)接(jie)通時(shi)(shi)(shi)間,達(da)到TSEL管腳設置(zhi)的周期比(bi)（1／64,1／128,1／256）后脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)結(jie)束。

　　（4）充電狀(zhuang)態指(zhi)示CHG

　　管腳CHG與管腳IN之間(jian)連接LED作為充電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)(tai)指示(shi)燈,當(dang)沒有插(cha)入電(dian)(dian)池或電(dian)(dian)源沒有連接或電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓小于2.2V時(shi)(shi),CHG管腳是高阻態(tai)(tai),LED不亮(liang);當(dang)快充或脈沖充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi),LED亮(liang),在初始化期(qi)間(jian)或時(shi)(shi)間(jian)超(chao)出預定時(shi)(shi)間(jian),LED按(an)50％的周期(qi)閃(shan)爍;當(dang)充電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)(tai)結束時(shi)(shi),LED按(an)12％的周期(qi)閃(shan)爍。

典(dian)型(xing)應用(yong)及注意事(shi)項

  

典型應用電路圖

　　圖２是一個簡單(dan)的單(dan)節鋰離子電(dian)池充電(dian)器(qi),包括(kuo)：LED顯示、熱敏電(dian)阻、電(dian)流反(fan)向保護。

　　ADJ引(yin)腳通過10kΩ的(de)電(dian)阻與內(nei)部(bu) 1.4V的(de)精密基準源相連接(jie),當ADJ對地沒有連接(jie)電(dian)阻RADJ時,電(dian)池充電(dian)電(dian)壓閾值(zhi)為(wei)缺省值(zhi)：VBR＝4.2V;

　　當需要自行設置充電閾值時,可(ke)在ADJ引腳與GND間接一精度(du)為1％的電阻RADJ,阻值由下式確定：

  

阻值

　　圖2電(dian)路中(zhong),充電(dian)閾值為(wei)4.1V,由（１）式得RADJ＝410kΩ,電(dian)阻精度為(wei)1％時,產生的系統(tong)誤差為(wei)：

  

系統誤差

　　TSEL管腳接BATT或ADJ或GND將(jiang)得到不同的(de)(de)快充(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)和完整的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)。TSEL管腳接BATT時(shi)(shi)(shi)快充(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)55分(fen)鐘,全(quan)部充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)2.8小時(shi)(shi)(shi)TSEL接ADJ時(shi)(shi)(shi)快充(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)75分(fen)鐘,整個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)3.75小時(shi)(shi)(shi),TSEL接GND時(shi)(shi)(shi)快充(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)沒(mei)有限制,整個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)6.25小時(shi)(shi)(shi)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)限制可(ke)以采用限流電(dian)(dian)阻的(de)(de)方(fang)法解決。 

鋰(li)電池充電器使用注(zhu)意事項：

　　　　1.應(ying)使充(chong)電(dian)器的(de)工作選擇(ze)與被(bei)(bei)充(chong)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)一致。如果充(chong)電(dian)器工作于鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態而去允(yun)鎳氫或鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，則電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)不滿，會(hui)大(da)大(da)減(jian)少工作時間。如果充(chong)電(dian)器工作于鎳電(dian)池(chi)(chi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態而去充(chong)鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，則鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)被(bei)(bei)過充(chong)，將嚴重影響電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)壽命。

　　2.要了解所(suo)用充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)充滿點亮(liang)(liang)時電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是否(fou)真的已(yi)充滿。有些充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)見到(dao)充滿指(zhi)示燈(deng)亮(liang)(liang)即可(ke)將鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)取下，有些充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)要見到(dao)指(zhi)示燈(deng)全(quan)亮(liang)(liang)才可(ke)將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)取下。