鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是專門用(yong)來為鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)較高(gao)(gao)，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，所 以鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)通常(chang)都(dou)有(you)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)控制精(jing)(jing)密度(du)(du)，能(neng)夠對(dui)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行(xing)恒流(liu)恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)具有(you)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量重量比和能(neng)量體(ti)積比、無記憶效(xiao)應(ying)、可重復充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多(duo)(duo)次、使用(yong)壽命(ming)較長(chang)、價(jia)格也(ye)越(yue)來越(yue)低。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)些特點促進了便攜(xie)式產品向(xiang)更小更輕的(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)發展,使得(de)選用(yong)單節(jie)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)產品也(ye)越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo)(duo)。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足之處在于(yu)對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)比較苛刻,需要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是恒流(liu)恒壓方式,為有(you)效(xiao)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量,需將鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,但(dan)是過壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)損壞,這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)控制精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)。另外,對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過低的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)進行(xing)預充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)最好帶(dai)有(you)熱保(bao)護(hu)和時(shi)間(jian)保(bao)護(hu),為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)提供附加保(bao)護(hu)。因此(ci)，安(an)全有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)對(dui)于(yu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)來說就(jiu)是必(bi)須(xu)而且(qie)是必(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)。

    鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)工作(zuo)原理：鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)外接限流型充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源和Ｐ溝道場效應管,可以(yi)對單節鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行安全有效的(de)快充(chong)(chong)(chong),其最(zui)大特點是在不使用電(dian)(dian)感的(de)情況下仍(reng)能(neng)做到(dao)很低的(de)功率耗散,采(cai)用8腳(jiao)μMAX封裝(zhuang)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)精度達(da)0.75％,可以(yi)實現預(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian),具有過壓保(bao)(bao)護(hu)和溫度保(bao)(bao)護(hu)功能(neng),最(zui)長充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)限制(zhi)為鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)提供二次保(bao)(bao)護(hu),鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)方(fang)式能(neng)夠使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)至最(zui)大。

　　當充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)工作溫度范圍(wei)內時(shi)(shi),插入電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)將(jiang)啟(qi)動(dong)一(yi)次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程;充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束的(de)(de)(de)條件是平均的(de)(de)(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流達(da)到快充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)1％,或時(shi)(shi)間(jian)超出(chu)片(pian)上(shang)預(yu)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器能(neng)夠自動(dong)檢測充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan),沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時(shi)(shi)自動(dong)關斷以(yi)減(jian)少電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)。啟(qi)動(dong)快充(chong)(chong)后打(da)開(kai)外接的(de)(de)(de)P型場效應(ying)管,當檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達(da)到設定的(de)(de)(de)門限(xian)時(shi)(shi)進入脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式,Ｐ溝道場效應(ying)管打(da)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)會越來越短(duan),充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束時(shi)(shi),LED指示燈(deng)將(jiang)會按(an)12％的(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)期閃爍(shuo)。

工作流程

　　鋰(li)離子(zi)電池(chi)充電器(qi)的(de)工作狀態流程(cheng)圖(tu)如圖(tu)1所(suo)示(shi)。

　　（1）初始化充(chong)電周期

　　鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源后將(jiang)初始化充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束后,如(ru)檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低(di)(di)于(yu)3.89V或THERM引腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高于(yu)1.4V將(jiang)重新充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。允許快充的條件是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓大于(yu)2.5V且小于(yu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閾值(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（默認值(zhi)是4.2V）,而且溫度(du)(du)范(fan)圍(wei)為2.5°C～47.5°C,如(ru)果(guo)溫度(du)(du)范(fan)圍(wei)不符,鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器將(jiang)處于(yu)等待狀態。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低(di)(di)于(yu)2.5V時,鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器用5mA的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流預(yu)充,防(fang)止深度(du)(du)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在快充時被(bei)損(sun)壞(huai)甚至發生危(wei)險。

　　（2）快充過程

　　快充(chong)(chong)(chong)開始后,鋰離(li)子電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器打開外接的P溝道場效應(ying)管(guan),充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)由外部限(xian)流(liu)型充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)源決(jue)定。由于P溝道場效應(ying)管(guan)工(gong)作在(zai)開關狀態,并非線性穩壓器,所以(yi)功耗極小,快充(chong)(chong)(chong)結束的條(tiao)件是(shi)電(dian)池電(dian)壓達到閾(yu)值（由ADJ引腳調節）或充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)達到預(yu)定的快充(chong)(chong)(chong)時間(jian)或溫度(du)(du)超(chao)出安全(quan)范圍(wei),溫度(du)(du)超(chao)出工(gong)作范圍(wei)時快充(chong)(chong)(chong)只是(shi)暫停,當溫度(du)(du)恢(hui)復后快充(chong)(chong)(chong)將持續進(jin)行(xing)。

　　（3）脈沖充(chong)電過(guo)程(cheng)

　　多數情況下充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池達到(dao)閾值(zhi)后(hou)便結束(shu)(shu)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)過程(cheng)(cheng)而(er)進入(ru)脈(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng),鋰離子電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器每隔2ms檢測一次電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)(ya),電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)小于閾值(zhi)時(shi)(shi),外部P溝道場(chang)效應管(guan)(guan)導通,電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)大于等于閾值(zhi)時(shi)(shi),P溝道場(chang)效應管(guan)(guan)斷開(kai),脈(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)接近結束(shu)(shu)時(shi)(shi),P溝道場(chang)效應管(guan)(guan)的(de)斷開(kai)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)大大超過接通時(shi)(shi)間(jian),達到(dao)TSEL管(guan)(guan)腳設置的(de)周期比（1／64,1／128,1／256）后(hou)脈(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)結束(shu)(shu)。

　　（4）充電狀態(tai)指示CHG

　　管腳CHG與管腳IN之(zhi)間(jian)連(lian)接LED作為(wei)充(chong)電狀態指示燈,當沒有插入(ru)電池或(huo)(huo)電源沒有連(lian)接或(huo)(huo)電池電壓小于2.2V時(shi)(shi),CHG管腳是高阻(zu)態,LED不亮(liang);當快充(chong)或(huo)(huo)脈沖充(chong)電時(shi)(shi),LED亮(liang),在初(chu)始(shi)化期間(jian)或(huo)(huo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)超出預(yu)定時(shi)(shi)間(jian),LED按(an)50％的周期閃(shan)(shan)爍;當充(chong)電狀態結束時(shi)(shi),LED按(an)12％的周期閃(shan)(shan)爍。

典型應用及(ji)注意事項

  

典型應用電路圖

　　圖(tu)２是一個簡單的(de)單節鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池充電(dian)器,包括(kuo)：LED顯示、熱敏電(dian)阻、電(dian)流反向保護。

　　ADJ引腳通過(guo)10kΩ的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻與內(nei)部 1.4V的(de)精密基(ji)準(zhun)源(yuan)相連接,當ADJ對(dui)地沒有連接電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻RADJ時,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓閾值為缺省值：VBR＝4.2V;

　　當需要(yao)自行設置充電(dian)閾值時,可在ADJ引腳與GND間接一精度(du)為1％的電(dian)阻RADJ,阻值由下式(shi)確定：

  

阻值

　　圖2電路中,充電閾值為4.1V,由（１）式得RADJ＝410kΩ,電阻精度為1％時,產(chan)生的系(xi)統誤(wu)差(cha)為：

  

系統誤差

　　TSEL管(guan)腳接(jie)BATT或(huo)ADJ或(huo)GND將得到不(bu)同的快(kuai)充(chong)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)和完整(zheng)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。TSEL管(guan)腳接(jie)BATT時(shi)快(kuai)充(chong)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為55分(fen)鐘,全(quan)部充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為2.8小時(shi)TSEL接(jie)ADJ時(shi)快(kuai)充(chong)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為75分(fen)鐘,整(zheng)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為3.75小時(shi),TSEL接(jie)GND時(shi)快(kuai)充(chong)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)沒有限(xian)制,整(zheng)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為6.25小時(shi)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的限(xian)制可以采用(yong)限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的方法(fa)解(jie)決。 

鋰電池(chi)充電器使(shi)用(yong)注意事項：

　　　　1.應(ying)使充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作選擇與被(bei)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一(yi)致。如果(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器工(gong)(gong)(gong)作于(yu)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)狀(zhuang)態(tai)而去允鎳(nie)(nie)氫或鎳(nie)(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，則(ze)(ze)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)不滿(man)，會大大減少工(gong)(gong)(gong)作時間。如果(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器工(gong)(gong)(gong)作于(yu)鎳(nie)(nie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)狀(zhuang)態(tai)而去充(chong)(chong)鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，則(ze)(ze)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)被(bei)過充(chong)(chong)，將(jiang)嚴重影響電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)壽(shou)命(ming)。

　　2.要(yao)了解所用充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器充(chong)滿點亮(liang)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是否真的已充(chong)滿。有些(xie)(xie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器見到充(chong)滿指(zhi)示燈亮(liang)即可將(jiang)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)取(qu)下，有些(xie)(xie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器要(yao)見到指(zhi)示燈全亮(liang)才可將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)取(qu)下。