鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)專門用(yong)來(lai)(lai)為(wei)鋰(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。鋰(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)(jiao)高，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，所 以鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)通(tong)常都有較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)控制(zhi)精密度(du)，能夠對鋰(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鋰(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)具有較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)能量(liang)(liang)(liang)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)比(bi)和(he)能量(liang)(liang)(liang)體積比(bi)、無(wu)記憶效(xiao)(xiao)應、可(ke)重(zhong)復充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多次、使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)較(jiao)(jiao)長、價格也越(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)低(di)。鋰(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)這(zhe)些特點促進了(le)便(bian)攜式(shi)產品向(xiang)更(geng)小更(geng)輕的(de)(de)方向(xiang)發(fa)展,使(shi)得選用(yong)單(dan)節鋰(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)產品也越(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)多。鋰(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)不足之處在于對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)苛刻,需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。鋰(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)壓方式(shi),為(wei)有效(xiao)(xiao)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)(liang)(liang),需(xu)將鋰(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)過壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)損(sun)壞,這(zhe)就要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)控制(zhi)精度(du)。另(ling)外,對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過低(di)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)進行預充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)最好帶有熱保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)時間保(bao)護(hu)(hu),為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)提供附加(jia)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。因此，安全有效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)對于鋰(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)來(lai)(lai)說就是(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)須而且是(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)。

    鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器工作(zuo)原理：鋰離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器外(wai)接限(xian)流(liu)型充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和Ｐ溝道場(chang)效(xiao)應(ying)管,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)對(dui)單節(jie)鋰離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行安全有效(xiao)的快充(chong)(chong),其最(zui)大特點是在(zai)不使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感的情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)仍能做到(dao)很低的功(gong)率耗散,采用(yong)8腳μMAX封裝。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制精度達0.75％,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)實(shi)現預(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),具有過壓保護和溫度保護功(gong)能,最(zui)長充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)限(xian)制為鋰離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)提供(gong)二次保護,鋰離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)方式(shi)能夠使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量充(chong)(chong)至最(zui)大。

　　當充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在正常(chang)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)溫度范(fan)圍內(nei)時(shi),插(cha)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)將(jiang)啟動(dong)(dong)一次(ci)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程;充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束的(de)條件是平均的(de)脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流達到(dao)快充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)1％,或時(shi)間超(chao)出片上預(yu)置(zhi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器能夠自動(dong)(dong)檢測充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan),沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時(shi)自動(dong)(dong)關斷以減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。啟動(dong)(dong)快充(chong)(chong)后打(da)開外接的(de)P型(xing)場(chang)效(xiao)應(ying)管,當檢測到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達到(dao)設定的(de)門限時(shi)進入(ru)脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式,Ｐ溝道場(chang)效(xiao)應(ying)管打(da)開的(de)時(shi)間會越(yue)來越(yue)短,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束時(shi),LED指示燈將(jiang)會按(an)12％的(de)周期閃爍。

工作流程

　　鋰離子電(dian)池充電(dian)器的工作狀(zhuang)態流程圖(tu)(tu)如圖(tu)(tu)1所示。

　　（1）初(chu)始化(hua)充電周期

　　鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器檢(jian)測(ce)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源后(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)初始化(hua)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)周期,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束后(hou),如(ru)檢(jian)測(ce)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低于(yu)3.89V或THERM引腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高于(yu)1.4V將(jiang)(jiang)重新充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。允(yun)許快(kuai)充(chong)的條(tiao)件是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓大于(yu)2.5V且小于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)閾值電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（默認(ren)值是(shi)4.2V）,而且溫度范圍為2.5°C～47.5°C,如(ru)果溫度范圍不符(fu),鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器將(jiang)(jiang)處于(yu)等(deng)待(dai)狀態(tai)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低于(yu)2.5V時,鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器用(yong)5mA的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流預充(chong),防止深度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在快(kuai)充(chong)時被(bei)損壞甚至發生危險。

　　（2）快充過程

　　快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)開始(shi)后,鋰(li)離子電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器打(da)開外接的(de)P溝道場效應(ying)管,充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)由外部限流(liu)型充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)源決定。由于P溝道場效應(ying)管工(gong)作在開關狀態,并非線性穩壓(ya)器,所以功(gong)耗極小,快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)結束的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)是電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到閾值（由ADJ引腳調節）或(huo)(huo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)達(da)到預定的(de)快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)時間(jian)或(huo)(huo)溫(wen)度(du)(du)超出安全范(fan)圍,溫(wen)度(du)(du)超出工(gong)作范(fan)圍時快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)只是暫停(ting),當(dang)溫(wen)度(du)(du)恢復(fu)后快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)將持續進行。

　　（3）脈沖(chong)充電過程

　　多數情況下充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)達到閾值后便(bian)結(jie)束(shu)(shu)快(kuai)充(chong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)而進入(ru)脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器每隔(ge)2ms檢測一次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓小(xiao)于閾值時,外部P溝道(dao)場效應管(guan)(guan)導通,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓大于等于閾值時,P溝道(dao)場效應管(guan)(guan)斷開(kai),脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)接近結(jie)束(shu)(shu)時,P溝道(dao)場效應管(guan)(guan)的(de)斷開(kai)時間大大超過(guo)(guo)接通時間,達到TSEL管(guan)(guan)腳(jiao)設(she)置的(de)周(zhou)期比(bi)（1／64,1／128,1／256）后脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)結(jie)束(shu)(shu)。

　　（4）充(chong)電狀態指示(shi)CHG

　　管腳(jiao)CHG與管腳(jiao)IN之間連(lian)接(jie)LED作(zuo)為充(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)指示(shi)燈(deng),當(dang)沒(mei)有插入電(dian)(dian)池或(huo)電(dian)(dian)源沒(mei)有連(lian)接(jie)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓小于2.2V時,CHG管腳(jiao)是高阻(zu)態(tai),LED不(bu)亮;當(dang)快充(chong)或(huo)脈沖充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時,LED亮,在初始化期(qi)(qi)(qi)間或(huo)時間超出(chu)預(yu)定(ding)時間,LED按50％的周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)閃爍;當(dang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)結(jie)束(shu)時,LED按12％的周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)閃爍。

典(dian)型應用及(ji)注意事項

  

典型應用電路圖

　　圖２是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)簡單的單節鋰離子電(dian)池充電(dian)器,包(bao)括：LED顯示、熱(re)敏電(dian)阻、電(dian)流反向保(bao)護(hu)。

　　ADJ引腳通(tong)過10kΩ的電阻與內部 1.4V的精密(mi)基準源相連接,當ADJ對地沒(mei)有(you)連接電阻RADJ時,電池充電電壓(ya)閾(yu)值(zhi)為缺省值(zhi)：VBR＝4.2V;

　　當需要自行設置充電閾值時,可在(zai)ADJ引腳與GND間接一精度為(wei)1％的電阻RADJ,阻值由下式確定：

  

阻值

　　圖2電路中(zhong),充電閾值為4.1V,由（１）式得RADJ＝410kΩ,電阻精度為1％時,產(chan)生的系統誤差為：

  

系統誤差

　　TSEL管腳接BATT或(huo)ADJ或(huo)GND將得(de)到不(bu)同的快(kuai)充(chong)時(shi)間(jian)和完(wan)整的充(chong)電時(shi)間(jian)。TSEL管腳接BATT時(shi)快(kuai)充(chong)時(shi)間(jian)為55分鐘(zhong),全部(bu)充(chong)電時(shi)間(jian)為2.8小時(shi)TSEL接ADJ時(shi)快(kuai)充(chong)時(shi)間(jian)為75分鐘(zhong),整個(ge)充(chong)電時(shi)間(jian)為3.75小時(shi),TSEL接GND時(shi)快(kuai)充(chong)時(shi)間(jian)沒有限制,整個(ge)充(chong)電時(shi)間(jian)為6.25小時(shi)。充(chong)電電流(liu)的限制可以采用限流(liu)電阻的方法(fa)解決。 

鋰(li)電池(chi)充電器(qi)使用注意事項(xiang)：

　　　　1.應使充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)工作(zuo)選(xuan)擇與被(bei)(bei)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)池(chi)一致。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)工作(zuo)于(yu)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)狀態(tai)而(er)去(qu)允鎳(nie)氫或鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)池(chi)，則電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)不滿，會大大減少工作(zuo)時間。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)工作(zuo)于(yu)鎳(nie)電(dian)池(chi)狀態(tai)而(er)去(qu)充(chong)(chong)鋰(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)，則鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)被(bei)(bei)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)，將(jiang)嚴(yan)重影響電(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽(shou)命。

　　2.要了(le)解所用充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器充(chong)(chong)滿(man)點亮(liang)時電(dian)池是否真的已(yi)充(chong)(chong)滿(man)。有些充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器見到(dao)充(chong)(chong)滿(man)指示(shi)燈亮(liang)即可將鋰電(dian)池取(qu)下(xia)(xia)，有些充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器要見到(dao)指示(shi)燈全(quan)亮(liang)才可將電(dian)池取(qu)下(xia)(xia)。