鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器是(shi)專(zhuan)門用(yong)(yong)來為鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)對(dui)(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求較(jiao)高，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，所 以(yi)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器通(tong)常都有(you)(you)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制精(jing)(jing)密度，能夠對(dui)(dui)鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進行(xing)恒(heng)流(liu)恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)具有(you)(you)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)重(zhong)量(liang)比和能量(liang)體積比、無記(ji)憶效(xiao)應、可重(zhong)復充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多(duo)次、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)較(jiao)長、價格(ge)也越(yue)來越(yue)低(di)。鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這些特點促進了(le)便攜式(shi)產(chan)品向更小更輕的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向發展(zhan),使(shi)得選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)單節鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品也越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo)。鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足之處在(zai)于(yu)對(dui)(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器要(yao)(yao)求比較(jiao)苛(ke)刻,需(xu)要(yao)(yao)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)是(shi)恒(heng)流(liu)恒(heng)壓(ya)方式(shi),為有(you)(you)效(xiao)利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang),需(xu)將鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),但是(shi)過壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)損壞,這就要(yao)(yao)求較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制精(jing)(jing)度。另外,對(dui)(dui)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)進行(xing)預(yu)充(chong),充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器最(zui)好(hao)帶有(you)(you)熱保護(hu)和時間(jian)保護(hu),為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)提供(gong)附加保護(hu)。因此，安全(quan)有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器對(dui)(dui)于(yu)鋰離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)來說就是(shi)必須而且是(shi)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

    鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器工作原理：鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器外(wai)接限流(liu)型充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源和Ｐ溝道場效(xiao)應管,可(ke)以對單節鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)行安全有(you)(you)效(xiao)的快充(chong)(chong),其最大(da)特點是在不使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)感的情況下仍能(neng)做到(dao)很低(di)的功率耗(hao)散,采用(yong)8腳μMAX封裝。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)精度(du)達0.75％,可(ke)以實現預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian),具有(you)(you)過壓保護(hu)和溫度(du)保護(hu)功能(neng),最長充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間限制(zhi)為鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)提供二次保護(hu),鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)方式能(neng)夠使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)充(chong)(chong)至最大(da)。

　　當充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在正常的(de)(de)工作溫(wen)度范圍內時(shi),插(cha)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池將(jiang)啟動(dong)一次充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng);充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束(shu)的(de)(de)條件(jian)是(shi)平(ping)均的(de)(de)脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流達到(dao)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)1％,或時(shi)間超出(chu)片上(shang)預置(zhi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)能(neng)夠自動(dong)檢(jian)測充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源,沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源時(shi)自動(dong)關斷(duan)以(yi)減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。啟動(dong)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)后打開外接的(de)(de)P型場(chang)效應管,當檢(jian)測到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達到(dao)設定的(de)(de)門(men)限時(shi)進入(ru)脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式,Ｐ溝道場(chang)效應管打開的(de)(de)時(shi)間會越來越短,充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束(shu)時(shi),LED指示燈將(jiang)會按12％的(de)(de)周期(qi)閃爍(shuo)。

工作流程

　　鋰離子(zi)電池(chi)充電器的工作狀態流(liu)程圖(tu)如圖(tu)1所示。

　　（1）初始化充(chong)電周(zhou)期

　　鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器檢(jian)測到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源后(hou)將(jiang)初(chu)始化充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期(qi),充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束(shu)后(hou),如檢(jian)測到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低(di)于(yu)3.89V或THERM引腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于(yu)1.4V將(jiang)重新充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。允許(xu)快充(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)條件是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)大于(yu)2.5V且(qie)小于(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閾值(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（默(mo)認(ren)值(zhi)(zhi)是4.2V）,而且(qie)溫度范圍(wei)為2.5°C～47.5°C,如果溫度范圍(wei)不符,鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器將(jiang)處于(yu)等待狀態。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低(di)于(yu)2.5V時,鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器用5mA的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流預充(chong)(chong),防(fang)止深度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在快充(chong)(chong)時被損(sun)壞甚至(zhi)發生危險(xian)。

　　（2）快充過程

　　快(kuai)充(chong)開始后(hou),鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)器打開外接的(de)P溝道場效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)管(guan),充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流由外部限流型充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)源決定。由于P溝道場效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)管(guan)工(gong)作在開關狀態,并非線性穩壓(ya)器,所以功耗極(ji)小,快(kuai)充(chong)結束(shu)的(de)條(tiao)件是電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)達(da)(da)到(dao)閾值(zhi)（由ADJ引腳調節）或充(chong)電(dian)時間達(da)(da)到(dao)預(yu)定的(de)快(kuai)充(chong)時間或溫(wen)度超出安全(quan)范圍,溫(wen)度超出工(gong)作范圍時快(kuai)充(chong)只是暫停,當溫(wen)度恢(hui)復后(hou)快(kuai)充(chong)將持續(xu)進行(xing)。

　　（3）脈沖(chong)充電過(guo)程

　　多數情(qing)況(kuang)下充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)達(da)到閾值后便(bian)結(jie)束快充(chong)(chong)過(guo)(guo)程而進入脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程,鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器每隔(ge)2ms檢測一次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓小于(yu)閾值時,外(wai)部P溝(gou)道場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應管(guan)(guan)(guan)導通,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓大于(yu)等(deng)于(yu)閾值時,P溝(gou)道場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應管(guan)(guan)(guan)斷開(kai),脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程接(jie)近結(jie)束時,P溝(gou)道場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應管(guan)(guan)(guan)的斷開(kai)時間大大超過(guo)(guo)接(jie)通時間,達(da)到TSEL管(guan)(guan)(guan)腳(jiao)設(she)置(zhi)的周(zhou)期比（1／64,1／128,1／256）后脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程結(jie)束。

　　（4）充電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)指(zhi)示CHG

　　管腳CHG與(yu)管腳IN之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)連(lian)接LED作為充(chong)(chong)電狀態(tai)指示燈,當(dang)沒(mei)有插(cha)入電池(chi)或電源沒(mei)有連(lian)接或電池(chi)電壓小(xiao)于2.2V時(shi)(shi),CHG管腳是高阻態(tai),LED不亮(liang);當(dang)快充(chong)(chong)或脈沖充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)(shi),LED亮(liang),在(zai)初始化期(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)或時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)超出預定時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian),LED按(an)(an)50％的周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)閃(shan)爍(shuo);當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電狀態(tai)結(jie)束時(shi)(shi),LED按(an)(an)12％的周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)閃(shan)爍(shuo)。

典型應(ying)用及注意事項

  

典型應用電路圖

　　圖２是一個簡單的單節鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)器,包括：LED顯示(shi)、熱敏電(dian)阻、電(dian)流反(fan)向(xiang)保護。

　　ADJ引(yin)腳通過10kΩ的電(dian)阻與內部 1.4V的精密基(ji)準源相連接(jie),當(dang)ADJ對地沒有(you)連接(jie)電(dian)阻RADJ時,電(dian)池充電(dian)電(dian)壓閾值為缺省值：VBR＝4.2V;

　　當需要自行設置(zhi)充電(dian)閾值時(shi),可在ADJ引腳(jiao)與GND間接一精(jing)度(du)為(wei)1％的電(dian)阻RADJ,阻值由(you)下式確定：

  

阻值

　　圖(tu)2電(dian)路中,充電(dian)閾值為(wei)4.1V,由（１）式(shi)得RADJ＝410kΩ,電(dian)阻精度為(wei)1％時,產生的系統誤差為(wei)：

  

系統誤差

　　TSEL管(guan)腳接BATT或ADJ或GND將得到不同的(de)快(kuai)充時(shi)間(jian)(jian)和完(wan)整的(de)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)。TSEL管(guan)腳接BATT時(shi)快(kuai)充時(shi)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)55分鐘,全部充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)2.8小時(shi)TSEL接ADJ時(shi)快(kuai)充時(shi)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)75分鐘,整個(ge)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)3.75小時(shi),TSEL接GND時(shi)快(kuai)充時(shi)間(jian)(jian)沒(mei)有限(xian)(xian)制(zhi),整個(ge)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)6.25小時(shi)。充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)可以采用(yong)限(xian)(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻的(de)方法解決。 

鋰(li)電池充(chong)電器使用注意事項(xiang)：

　　　　1.應使充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的工(gong)(gong)作選(xuan)擇與被(bei)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)致(zhi)。如果充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器工(gong)(gong)作于鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)狀(zhuang)態而去允(yun)鎳(nie)(nie)氫或鎳(nie)(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)不滿，會(hui)大大減少工(gong)(gong)作時間。如果充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器工(gong)(gong)作于鎳(nie)(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)狀(zhuang)態而去充(chong)(chong)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，則鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)被(bei)過充(chong)(chong)，將嚴重(zhong)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的壽命。

　　2.要了解所用充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)充(chong)(chong)滿點(dian)亮(liang)(liang)時電池是否真(zhen)的已充(chong)(chong)滿。有些(xie)充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)見到充(chong)(chong)滿指示燈亮(liang)(liang)即可(ke)(ke)將(jiang)鋰電池取(qu)下(xia)，有些(xie)充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)要見到指示燈全亮(liang)(liang)才可(ke)(ke)將(jiang)電池取(qu)下(xia)。