鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器是專門(men)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)(lai)為鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)對(dui)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，所 以鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器通常都(dou)有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制精密度，能(neng)夠對(dui)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進行(xing)恒(heng)流恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)具有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)重(zhong)量(liang)比(bi)和(he)能(neng)量(liang)體積比(bi)、無記憶效(xiao)應、可重(zhong)復充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多(duo)次、使用(yong)(yong)壽命較(jiao)(jiao)長、價格也越來(lai)(lai)越低。鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這些特點促進了便攜式產(chan)品向更小更輕的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向發展,使得選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)單節鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品也越來(lai)(lai)越多(duo)。鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不足之(zhi)處在(zai)于對(dui)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)苛刻(ke),需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式是恒(heng)流恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式,為有(you)(you)效(xiao)利(li)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang),需將鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya),但是過壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)損(sun)壞(huai),這就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制精度。另外,對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過低的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進行(xing)預充(chong)(chong),充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器最(zui)好(hao)帶有(you)(you)熱保(bao)護(hu)和(he)時間保(bao)護(hu),為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)提供附加保(bao)護(hu)。因此，安全有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器對(dui)于鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)來(lai)(lai)說就(jiu)(jiu)是必須(xu)而且是必要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

    鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器工作原理：鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器外接(jie)限(xian)流型充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和Ｐ溝道場效(xiao)應(ying)管,可以對單節鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行安全有效(xiao)的(de)快充(chong),其最大特點是在(zai)不使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)感的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)仍能(neng)做(zuo)到很(hen)低的(de)功率耗散(san),采用8腳(jiao)μMAX封裝。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)精度達(da)0.75％,可以實現預充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),具有過壓保護和溫度保護功能(neng),最長充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間限(xian)制(zhi)為鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供(gong)二(er)次保護,鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)浮充(chong)方式能(neng)夠使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量充(chong)至(zhi)最大。

　　當充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源和電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在正常的(de)工作(zuo)溫度(du)范(fan)圍內時(shi)(shi)(shi),插(cha)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)將(jiang)啟動(dong)一次充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程;充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)結束(shu)的(de)條件是平均(jun)的(de)脈沖(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流達到快充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)1％,或時(shi)(shi)(shi)間超出(chu)片上預置的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間。鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器能(neng)夠自(zi)動(dong)檢(jian)測充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源,沒(mei)有電(dian)(dian)源時(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)動(dong)關斷以減少(shao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)漏電(dian)(dian)。啟動(dong)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)后打開(kai)外接的(de)P型(xing)場效(xiao)應(ying)管,當檢(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓達到設定(ding)的(de)門(men)限(xian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)進入(ru)脈沖(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式,Ｐ溝道場效(xiao)應(ying)管打開(kai)的(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間會越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)短,充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)結束(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi),LED指示燈將(jiang)會按12％的(de)周期閃爍。

工(gong)作流(liu)程

　　鋰離子(zi)電池充電器的(de)工作狀態流程(cheng)圖如圖1所示。

　　（1）初始(shi)化充電周期

　　鋰(li)(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器檢(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源后(hou)將(jiang)初始(shi)化(hua)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期,充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束后(hou),如檢(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低于3.89V或THERM引腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高(gao)于1.4V將(jiang)重新充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。允(yun)許(xu)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)條件是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓大于2.5V且小于充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)閾值(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（默認值(zhi)是(shi)4.2V）,而且溫度范圍(wei)為2.5°C～47.5°C,如果溫度范圍(wei)不符,鋰(li)(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器將(jiang)處于等待狀態。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低于2.5V時(shi),鋰(li)(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器用(yong)5mA的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流預充(chong)(chong)(chong),防止(zhi)深度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)被損(sun)壞(huai)甚至發生危險。

　　（2）快充過程

　　快充(chong)(chong)(chong)開始后(hou),鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)打開外接的P溝道場效應管,充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流由(you)外部限(xian)流型充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源決定(ding)。由(you)于P溝道場效應管工作在(zai)開關(guan)狀(zhuang)態,并非線性穩壓器(qi),所以(yi)功耗極小(xiao),快充(chong)(chong)(chong)結束的條件(jian)是電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓達到閾值（由(you)ADJ引(yin)腳(jiao)調節(jie)）或(huo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間達到預定(ding)的快充(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)間或(huo)溫(wen)(wen)度超(chao)出安全范圍,溫(wen)(wen)度超(chao)出工作范圍時(shi)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)只是暫(zan)停,當溫(wen)(wen)度恢復后(hou)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)將持續進(jin)行。

　　（3）脈沖充電過(guo)程

　　多數(shu)情況下充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)達到(dao)(dao)閾值后(hou)便結(jie)束快充(chong)過(guo)(guo)程而進入脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程,鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器每隔2ms檢測一次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya),電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)小于閾值時,外(wai)部P溝道場(chang)效(xiao)應管(guan)導通(tong),電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)大于等于閾值時,P溝道場(chang)效(xiao)應管(guan)斷(duan)(duan)開(kai),脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程接近(jin)結(jie)束時,P溝道場(chang)效(xiao)應管(guan)的(de)斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)時間(jian)大大超過(guo)(guo)接通(tong)時間(jian),達到(dao)(dao)TSEL管(guan)腳設(she)置的(de)周期(qi)比(bi)（1／64,1／128,1／256）后(hou)脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程結(jie)束。

　　（4）充電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)指示CHG

　　管(guan)腳(jiao)CHG與管(guan)腳(jiao)IN之間連接(jie)LED作為充(chong)(chong)電狀(zhuang)態指示燈,當(dang)沒有插入電池或電源(yuan)沒有連接(jie)或電池電壓小于2.2V時(shi),CHG管(guan)腳(jiao)是高阻態,LED不亮;當(dang)快充(chong)(chong)或脈沖充(chong)(chong)電時(shi),LED亮,在初始(shi)化期(qi)間或時(shi)間超出(chu)預定時(shi)間,LED按50％的周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)閃爍;當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電狀(zhuang)態結(jie)束時(shi),LED按12％的周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)閃爍。

典型應用及(ji)注意(yi)事(shi)項

  

典型應用電路圖

　　圖(tu)２是一個(ge)簡單(dan)的單(dan)節鋰(li)離子電(dian)池充電(dian)器(qi),包括(kuo)：LED顯示(shi)、熱敏(min)電(dian)阻、電(dian)流反向(xiang)保護(hu)。

　　ADJ引腳通過10kΩ的電(dian)阻(zu)與內部(bu) 1.4V的精密基準源相連(lian)接,當ADJ對地沒(mei)有連(lian)接電(dian)阻(zu)RADJ時,電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)電(dian)壓閾值為缺省值：VBR＝4.2V;

　　當需要自行設置充(chong)電閾值(zhi)時(shi),可在ADJ引腳與GND間(jian)接(jie)一精度(du)為1％的電阻RADJ,阻值(zhi)由(you)下式確定：

  

阻值

　　圖2電路中(zhong),充電閾(yu)值為4.1V,由（１）式得(de)RADJ＝410kΩ,電阻精度為1％時,產生的系統誤差(cha)為：

  

系統誤差

　　TSEL管(guan)腳(jiao)接BATT或ADJ或GND將得到不(bu)同的(de)快(kuai)充(chong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)和完整(zheng)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。TSEL管(guan)腳(jiao)接BATT時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)快(kuai)充(chong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為55分(fen)鐘(zhong),全部充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為2.8小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)TSEL接ADJ時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)快(kuai)充(chong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為75分(fen)鐘(zhong),整(zheng)個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為3.75小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),TSEL接GND時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)快(kuai)充(chong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)沒有限(xian)制,整(zheng)個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為6.25小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)限(xian)制可以采用限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)方法解決(jue)。 

鋰電池充(chong)電器(qi)使(shi)用(yong)注意事(shi)項：

　　　　1.應使充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的工作(zuo)選擇與(yu)被充(chong)(chong)電(dian)池(chi)一致(zhi)。如(ru)(ru)果充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)工作(zuo)于鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)狀(zhuang)態而去允鎳氫或鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)池(chi)，則電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)不滿(man)，會大(da)大(da)減少工作(zuo)時間。如(ru)(ru)果充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)工作(zuo)于鎳電(dian)池(chi)狀(zhuang)態而去充(chong)(chong)鋰(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)，則鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)被過充(chong)(chong)，將(jiang)嚴(yan)重影響電(dian)池(chi)的壽命。

　　2.要(yao)了解所用充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)滿(man)點(dian)亮時電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是否真的已(yi)充(chong)(chong)滿(man)。有些(xie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器見到(dao)充(chong)(chong)滿(man)指(zhi)(zhi)示燈亮即可將(jiang)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)取下(xia)，有些(xie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器要(yao)見到(dao)指(zhi)(zhi)示燈全亮才(cai)可將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)取下(xia)。