應用比較(jiao)廣泛(fan)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理芯片(pian)(pian)基本上有兩種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)型。一種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)單片(pian)(pian)機，另一種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理專用集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。成都國騰微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子有限(xian)公(gong)司成功(gong)開發(fa)出一款鎳(nie)氫/鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)智能管(guan)理芯片(pian)(pian)――GM6801。該芯片(pian)(pian)外部(bu)管(guan)腳(jiao)控(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)能可編程(cheng)，無需(xu)外部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)支(zhi)持，使充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)檢(jian)測控(kong)制(zhi)完全自動化，所需(xu)外圍器(qi)件少，應用設計(ji)簡單。

GM6801應用方(fang)案優(you)勢

   GM6801是快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)管理專用集成電(dian)路。與單片機(ji)相(xiang)比(bi)，由專用集成電(dian)路實現快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)管理優(you)勢主要(yao)體現在幾個方面(mian)：

1. 專用集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路在(zai)硬件中集成(cheng)(cheng)了對快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)管理(li)全部(bu)算法，無需開(kai)發控制軟件，從而有效縮(suo)短產(chan)品設計(ji)周(zhou)期，簡化設計(ji)流程，所需外圍器件少，使應用設計(ji)變得(de)簡單；

2. 采用單片機實現中高端快速充電器時，對(dui)單(dan)(dan)片機(ji)有較(jiao)高(gao)要(yao)(yao)求，比如需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)較(jiao)多I/O口，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)自帶(dai)AD等，還要(yao)(yao)開發相關(guan)軟件，這樣(yang)采用單(dan)(dan)片機(ji)所需(xu)(xu)成(cheng)本往往較(jiao)高(gao)；

3. 專用集成電路可以(yi)(yi)實現對快速充電過程精確控制，比如GM6801就采用了(le)帶瞬間(jian)放電過程脈沖充電形式(shi)。這樣可以(yi)(yi)在快速充電過程中及時消除大電流造成電極(ji)化效應，使電池充電效果更佳；

4. 由于快速充電器涉及安(an)全問(wen)題，專(zhuan)用集(ji)成(cheng)電路良(liang)好一致性和穩定性相對(dui)普通單片機(ji)來說(shuo)更具優勢。

   此(ci)外(wai)，GM6801本身(shen)采用一些(xie)個性化設計：GM6801內(nei)置10位AD轉換器，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)實時(shi)采集每節電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和溫(wen)度信息，自(zi)帶“Condition fit”功能能夠(gou)避免環境變(bian)化帶來(lai)干擾，保證對(dui)快(kuai)速充電(dian)(dian)/放電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)檢測判斷(duan)準(zhun)確(que)可(ke)(ke)靠。GM6801對(dui)每節電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)/放電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)檢測判斷(duan)方(fang)法(fa)有電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)負(fu)增長(-ΔV)、最大電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最大充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間、最高(gao)溫(wen)度四(si)種(zhong)方(fang)式，通過多(duo)參數評估來(lai)進行綜合(he)判斷(duan)，以(yi)確(que)保電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)被最大化充滿(man)，同時(shi)避免過充，從而延長電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)用壽命。

   GM6801自(zi)動(dong)(dong)判斷電(dian)(dian)池有效性(xing)(xing)、自(zi)動(dong)(dong)識(shi)別(bie)電(dian)(dian)池種(zhong)類，具(ju)備超溫保護和最大充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間保護，保證了(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)安全性(xing)(xing)。更完善功(gong)能包括：可(ke)直接驅動(dong)(dong)4個(ge)雙(shuang)色(se)LED顯(xian)示(shi)各個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池狀態(tai)；可(ke)對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)/放(fang)電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)進行聲音提示(shi)；在高溫情況(kuang)下可(ke)以自(zi)動(dong)(dong)啟動(dong)(dong)風扇(shan)；具(ju)備充(chong)電(dian)(dian)/放(fang)電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)數據輸出功(gong)能，可(ke)直觀顯(xian)示(shi)各個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)量。

GM6801解決(jue)方案設計

   GM6801應用方案如圖(tu)1所(suo)示，設計第一步需要確定智能快速充電(dian)器電(dian)源電(dian)流。根(gen)據充電(dian)電(dian)池容量以及想要達到(dao)充電(dian)速度，可以計算出快速充電(dian)器電(dian)源電(dian)流值。

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圖1：GM6801應用方案示意圖

   例如，設計一個針對2,000mAh充電電池充電器，若需要把充滿兩節電池最大時間控制在90分鐘以內，那么根據GM6801數據手冊中相關參數可以確定充電時間為1C，由此確定平均充電電流I_C=2,000mA。放電電流I_dischg由放電回路電阻值確定，假定放電電流I_DISCHG≈1,000mA，再根據GM6801數據手冊中計算(suan)公(gong)式可以推算(suan)出充電器(qi)電源實際電流值為：

I_CHG＝(I_C I_DISCHG/32)×(64/31)＝(2,000mA 1,000mA/32)×(64/31)≈4,200mA。

   即設計充電(dian)器時，充電(dian)器電(dian)源電(dian)流值應該設計成等于或(huo)略大于4,200mA。另外需(xu)要(yao)強(qiang)調是，選(xuan)擇熱(re)敏電(dian)阻非常重要(yao)。

   熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)是GM6801應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)系統(tong)中采集溫度關(guan)鍵元件。在GM6801應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)中，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)必須(xu)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)或通過(guo)導熱(re)(re)(re)(re)材料與被測電(dian)池(chi)緊(jin)密接(jie)(jie)觸。熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)B值=3,300K，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值根據應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)確定，按照GM6801數據手冊中提供應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(如圖(tu)2所示)，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(RT)與一(yi)個電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(R)串(chuan)聯，電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)另一(yi)端(duan)連(lian)接(jie)(jie) 5V電(dian)源(Vi)，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)另一(yi)端(duan)接(jie)(jie)地，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏(min)(min)(min)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)與電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)點引出(chu)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)溫度變化電(dian)壓采樣信息(Vt)。

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圖2：GM6801應用方案中熱敏電阻應用電路示意圖

   要(yao)求在不(bu)同(tong)溫度(du)點(dian)采(cai)集(ji)到電(dian)壓Vt值與GM6801數據手(shou)冊中(zhong)提供數據基本一(yi)致，這樣才能保證由該熱敏電(dian)阻(zu)網絡采(cai)集(ji)到電(dian)池溫度(du)信息與設計中(zhong)溫度(du)刻度(du)一(yi)致。推薦RT和R標稱值都采(cai)用27kΩ(25℃時)。

   接(jie)下(xia)來，需要(yao)完成一些控制引腳和輸入輸出(chu)引腳設定。

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圖3：GM6801控制部分應用電路圖

   如圖3所示，在GM6801應用電路中，鎳氫/鎳鎘電池選擇引腳(NH/ND)與一個外部開關連接，通過開關選擇該引腳接高電平或低電平來決定充電電池類型，低電平為鎳氫，高電平為鎳鎘，當該引腳狀態改變時，同時具有復位功能；充電/放電選擇引腳(CHG/DISCHG)與一個外部開關連接，通過開關選擇該引腳接高電平或低電平來決定充電或放電，低電平為充電，高電平為放電；充電時間選擇引腳(CHGTIME0/CHGTIME1)分別與外部電路連接，通過設定該引腳接高電平或低電平，由CHGTIME0/CHGTIME1兩個引腳狀態決定充電時間(即C值)。 
  

   GM6801系列QFP44封裝芯片采(cai)用(yong)(yong)四(si)路(lu)(lu)充電/放(fang)電回路(lu)(lu)獨立控(kong)制，可對最(zui)多4節不同(tong)型號、容量接(jie)近鎳(nie)氫/鎳(nie)鎘電池任意(yi)組合進(jin)行(xing)并(bing)聯(lian)充電/放(fang)電管理。如圖4所示(shi)，在應用(yong)(yong)于四(si)路(lu)(lu)并(bing)聯(lian)充電/放(fang)電控(kong)制方式時，GM6801VCC和Vref通常接(jie) 5V，其(qi)中Vref要求加10uF旁(pang)路(lu)(lu)電容增(zeng)加穩定性(xing)。工作時鐘選用(yong)(yong)32.768kHz無(wu)源晶(jing)振。

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圖4：GM6801應用于四路并聯充電/放電管理方案輸入輸出部分電路圖

   GM6801分別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)提供充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓采(cai)(cai)集(ji)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)、風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)、蜂鳴器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)、雙(shuang)色(se)LED控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)以(yi)及串(chuan)行(xing)數據(ju)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，這些功能管腳(jiao)(jiao)定義和(he)功能分別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)為：充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(CHGCTRL1~4)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)有效，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對應(ying)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)開關(guan)(guan)打(da)(da)開或關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)；放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(DISCHG1~4)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)有效，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對應(ying)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)開關(guan)(guan)打(da)(da)開或關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓采(cai)(cai)集(ji)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)口(CELVOLT1~4)分別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)與四(si)(si)路(lu)(lu)(lu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池正極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)，用于采(cai)(cai)集(ji)每(mei)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度(du)(du)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)口(CELTMP1~4)分別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)與四(si)(si)個溫度(du)(du)傳感器(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)個相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)，采(cai)(cai)集(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度(du)(du)信息；風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(FANDRV)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)有效，與風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)正輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)腳(jiao)(jiao)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)，在一(yi)定條件(jian)下(xia)可(ke)(ke)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)；蜂鳴器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(BUZZER)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)有效，與蜂鳴器(qi)正輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)腳(jiao)(jiao)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)，在一(yi)定條件(jian)下(xia)可(ke)(ke)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)蜂鳴器(qi)；顯(xian)示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態雙(shuang)色(se)LED控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(LED1A/LED1B~LED4A/LED4B)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)有效，其中(zhong)LED1A~4A分別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)與四(si)(si)個雙(shuang)色(se)LED紅色(se)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)，LED1B~4B分別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)與四(si)(si)個雙(shuang)色(se)LED綠(lv)色(se)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)，這四(si)(si)個雙(shuang)色(se)LED采(cai)(cai)用共陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)式；串(chuan)行(xing)數據(ju)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)引腳(jiao)(jiao)(SERIES_OUT)以(yi)串(chuan)行(xing)數據(ju)方(fang)式實(shi)時送(song)出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量信息，用于直(zhi)(zhi)觀顯(xian)示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量。

   GM6801系(xi)列QFP44封裝(zhuang)芯片也(ye)可以對串聯電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)進(jin)行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)/放電(dian)(dian)管(guan)理(li)。在(zai)針對串聯電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)進(jin)行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)/放電(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)時，只需要(yao)GM6801其中一(yi)路充電(dian)(dian)/放電(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)回路即可實現。

   例如(ru)：設定(ding)對一個四節電池串聯電池組進(jin)行(xing)(xing)充電/放電，采用GM6801第一個控制回路進(jin)行(xing)(xing)充電/放電管理。

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圖5：GM6801應用于串聯電池組充電/放電管理方案輸入輸出部分電路圖

   應用(yong)方案(an)如圖5所(suo)示(shi)，在針對串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理(li)方案(an)中，GM6801控制(zhi)引(yin)腳和輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)輸(shu)(shu)出引(yin)腳設定與并聯(lian)(lian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理(li)不(bu)同之處為：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采(cai)集輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)口(這里取CELVOLT1)通過(guo)(guo)一(yi)個(ge)分壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)與串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)正極相(xiang)連，串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值經過(guo)(guo)分壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)把相(xiang)當于(yu)一(yi)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值送到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采(cai)集輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)口(CELVOLT1)；原來為了實(shi)現自(zi)動判斷充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路(lu)是否(fou)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而(er)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采(cai)集輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)口(CELVOLT1)之前加 5V上(shang)拉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)不(bu)再適用(yong)，去(qu)掉該上(shang)拉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)后，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始由(you)芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)使能(neng)開關(guan)控制(zhi)，當芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)使能(neng)開關(guan)接(jie)通地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(GND)時，開始充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程管理(li)及控制(zhi)由(you)GM6801自(zi)動完成。當芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)使能(neng)開關(guan)接(jie)通 5V時，芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)停(ting)止工作。