應用(yong)(yong)比較(jiao)廣泛快速充(chong)電管(guan)理(li)芯片(pian)基(ji)本(ben)上有兩種(zhong)類型。一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)單片(pian)機，另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)快速充(chong)電管(guan)理(li)專用(yong)(yong)集(ji)成電路。成都國騰微電子有限(xian)公司成功開(kai)發出一(yi)款鎳氫/鎳鎘電池(chi)快速充(chong)電智(zhi)能(neng)管(guan)理(li)芯片(pian)――GM6801。該芯片(pian)外部(bu)管(guan)腳控制功能(neng)可編(bian)程，無(wu)需(xu)外部(bu)控制器支持(chi)，使充(chong)電過程檢測控制完(wan)全自動化(hua)，所需(xu)外圍(wei)器件少，應用(yong)(yong)設計簡單。

GM6801應用方案優勢

   GM6801是快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)管理專(zhuan)用集成電(dian)(dian)路。與單(dan)片機(ji)相比，由專(zhuan)用集成電(dian)(dian)路實(shi)現(xian)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)管理優勢主(zhu)要(yao)體(ti)現(xian)在幾個方(fang)面：

1. 專用(yong)集成電路在硬件中集成了對快速充電管理(li)全部算法，無需開(kai)發控制軟(ruan)件，從(cong)而(er)有效縮短產品設計(ji)周期，簡(jian)化設計(ji)流程，所需外圍器件少，使應(ying)用(yong)設計(ji)變得簡(jian)單(dan)；

2. 采用單片機實現中高端快速充電器時(shi)，對單片(pian)機(ji)有較(jiao)(jiao)高要(yao)求(qiu)，比(bi)如需要(yao)較(jiao)(jiao)多I/O口(kou)，需要(yao)自(zi)帶(dai)AD等，還要(yao)開發相關軟件(jian)，這樣(yang)采用(yong)單片(pian)機(ji)所(suo)需成本往(wang)往(wang)較(jiao)(jiao)高；

3. 專用集(ji)成電(dian)路(lu)可以(yi)(yi)實現對快(kuai)速充電(dian)過(guo)(guo)程精確控制(zhi)，比如GM6801就采(cai)用了帶瞬間放電(dian)過(guo)(guo)程脈(mo)沖充電(dian)形式。這樣可以(yi)(yi)在快(kuai)速充電(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中及時(shi)消除大電(dian)流造成電(dian)極化效應，使電(dian)池充電(dian)效果更佳；

4. 由于快速充電器涉(she)及安全(quan)問(wen)題，專用(yong)集(ji)成電路良好一致(zhi)性(xing)和穩(wen)定性(xing)相對普通單(dan)片機來說更具優勢。

   此外(wai)，GM6801本身(shen)采用一些個性化設(she)計：GM6801內置(zhi)10位AD轉換(huan)器，可以(yi)實時采集每(mei)節(jie)(jie)電池(chi)電壓(ya)和溫度信(xin)息，自帶“Condition fit”功能能夠避免環(huan)境變化帶來干擾，保證(zheng)對(dui)(dui)快速(su)充(chong)電/放(fang)電過(guo)程檢測判(pan)斷(duan)準確(que)可靠(kao)。GM6801對(dui)(dui)每(mei)節(jie)(jie)電池(chi)充(chong)電/放(fang)電過(guo)程檢測判(pan)斷(duan)方法有電壓(ya)負增(zeng)長(-ΔV)、最(zui)大電壓(ya)、最(zui)大充(chong)電時間、最(zui)高(gao)溫度四種方式，通(tong)過(guo)多參數評估來進(jin)行綜(zong)合判(pan)斷(duan)，以(yi)確(que)保電池(chi)被最(zui)大化充(chong)滿，同時避免過(guo)充(chong)，從而延長電池(chi)使用壽命。

   GM6801自(zi)動判斷電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)有(you)效(xiao)性、自(zi)動識別電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)種類，具備超溫保護(hu)和最大充電(dian)(dian)時間保護(hu)，保證了(le)充電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)安全性。更完(wan)善(shan)功能包括：可(ke)(ke)直接驅動4個(ge)雙色LED顯示各個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)狀態(tai)；可(ke)(ke)對充電(dian)(dian)/放電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)進行聲音提(ti)示；在高溫情況下可(ke)(ke)以(yi)自(zi)動啟動風扇(shan)；具備充電(dian)(dian)/放電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)數據(ju)輸出功能，可(ke)(ke)直觀顯示各個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)量。

GM6801解決方(fang)案設計

   GM6801應(ying)用(yong)方案如(ru)圖(tu)1所示(shi)，設計第一(yi)步需要確定(ding)智能(neng)快速充(chong)電(dian)器電(dian)源電(dian)流(liu)。根據充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池容量以(yi)及(ji)想要達到充(chong)電(dian)速度(du)，可以(yi)計算(suan)出(chu)快速充(chong)電(dian)器電(dian)源電(dian)流(liu)值。

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圖1：GM6801應用方案示意圖

   例如，設計一個針對2,000mAh充電電池充電器，若需要把充滿兩節電池最大時間控制在90分鐘以內，那么根據GM6801數據手冊中相關參數可以確定充電時間為1C，由此確定平均充電電流I_C=2,000mA。放電電流I_dischg由放電回路電阻值確定，假定放電電流I_DISCHG≈1,000mA，再根據GM6801數據手冊(ce)中計(ji)算(suan)公(gong)式可以推算(suan)出充(chong)電器電源實際電流值為：

I_CHG＝(I_C I_DISCHG/32)×(64/31)＝(2,000mA 1,000mA/32)×(64/31)≈4,200mA。

   即設計(ji)充(chong)電(dian)器時，充(chong)電(dian)器電(dian)源電(dian)流值(zhi)應該(gai)設計(ji)成等(deng)于或(huo)略大于4,200mA。另外需要強(qiang)調是，選(xuan)擇熱敏電(dian)阻非常重要。

   熱(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是GM6801應(ying)用(yong)系統中采(cai)集溫(wen)度關(guan)鍵元件。在(zai)GM6801應(ying)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中，熱(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)必須(xu)直接或通(tong)過導熱(re)(re)(re)材料與被(bei)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池緊密(mi)接觸。熱(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)B值=3,300K，熱(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值根據(ju)應(ying)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)確(que)定，按照GM6801數據(ju)手冊(ce)中提供(gong)應(ying)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(如圖2所示)，熱(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(RT)與一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(R)串聯(lian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)另一(yi)端連(lian)接 5V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(Vi)，熱(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)另一(yi)端接地，熱(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)連(lian)接點引出反應(ying)溫(wen)度變(bian)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓采(cai)樣信息(xi)(Vt)。

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圖2：GM6801應用方案中熱敏電阻應用電路示意圖

   要(yao)求在不同溫度(du)點采集(ji)到電壓Vt值與GM6801數據手冊中(zhong)提供數據基本(ben)一致，這樣才(cai)能(neng)保證由該熱敏電阻網絡采集(ji)到電池溫度(du)信息與設計中(zhong)溫度(du)刻度(du)一致。推薦(jian)RT和R標稱值都采用(yong)27kΩ(25℃時)。

   接下來，需要完成一些控制引腳和輸入輸出(chu)引腳設定。

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圖3：GM6801控制部分應用電路圖

   如圖3所示，在GM6801應用電路中，鎳氫/鎳鎘電池選擇引腳(NH/ND)與一個外部開關連接，通過開關選擇該引腳接高電平或低電平來決定充電電池類型，低電平為鎳氫，高電平為鎳鎘，當該引腳狀態改變時，同時具有復位功能；充電/放電選擇引腳(CHG/DISCHG)與一個外部開關連接，通過開關選擇該引腳接高電平或低電平來決定充電或放電，低電平為充電，高電平為放電；充電時間選擇引腳(CHGTIME0/CHGTIME1)分別與外部電路連接，通過設定該引腳接高電平或低電平，由CHGTIME0/CHGTIME1兩個引腳狀態決定充電時間(即C值)。 
  

   GM6801系列QFP44封裝芯片采用四路(lu)(lu)(lu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)/放(fang)電(dian)(dian)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)獨立控制，可對最(zui)多4節不同型號、容量接近鎳氫/鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)池任(ren)意組合進行并聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)/放(fang)電(dian)(dian)管理。如圖(tu)4所示，在應用于四路(lu)(lu)(lu)并聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)/放(fang)電(dian)(dian)控制方(fang)式時(shi)，GM6801VCC和Vref通常接 5V，其中Vref要求加10uF旁路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)容增加穩(wen)定性。工作時(shi)鐘選用32.768kHz無源晶振。

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圖4：GM6801應用于四路并聯充電/放電管理方案輸入輸出部分電路圖

   GM6801分(fen)別(bie)(bie)提供充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)、放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓采(cai)集(ji)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入、風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)驅(qu)動輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)、蜂(feng)(feng)鳴(ming)(ming)器輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)、雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)LED控制(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)以及串行(xing)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)，這些功能管腳(jiao)定義和功能分(fen)別(bie)(bie)為：充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(CHGCTRL1~4)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)，控制(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)應充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)開關打(da)開或(huo)關閉(bi)；放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(DISCHG1~4)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)，控制(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)應放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)開關打(da)開或(huo)關閉(bi)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓采(cai)集(ji)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入口(CELVOLT1~4)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)四路(lu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)中一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)正極(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)，用于采(cai)集(ji)每節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度采(cai)集(ji)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入口(CELTMP1~4)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)四個溫(wen)度傳(chuan)感器中一個相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)，采(cai)集(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度信息；風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)驅(qu)動輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(FANDRV)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)正輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入腳(jiao)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)，在一定條件下可直(zhi)接驅(qu)動風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)；蜂(feng)(feng)鳴(ming)(ming)器輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(BUZZER)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)蜂(feng)(feng)鳴(ming)(ming)器正輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入腳(jiao)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)，在一定條件下可直(zhi)接驅(qu)動蜂(feng)(feng)鳴(ming)(ming)器；顯示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)LED控制(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(LED1A/LED1B~LED4A/LED4B)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)，其(qi)中LED1A~4A分(fen)別(bie)(bie)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)四個雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)LED紅色(se)極(ji)(ji)陰極(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)，LED1B~4B分(fen)別(bie)(bie)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)四個雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)LED綠色(se)極(ji)(ji)陰極(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)，這四個雙(shuang)(shuang)色(se)LED采(cai)用共陽極(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)；串行(xing)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)引腳(jiao)(SERIES_OUT)以串行(xing)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)實(shi)時送(song)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量信息，用于直(zhi)觀顯示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量。

   GM6801系(xi)列QFP44封裝芯片也可以(yi)對串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)池組進(jin)(jin)行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)/放電(dian)(dian)管理(li)。在針對串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)池組進(jin)(jin)行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)/放電(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，只需要GM6801其(qi)中一路充(chong)電(dian)(dian)/放電(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)回路即(ji)可實現。

   例如：設定對一(yi)個(ge)四節(jie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)串聯電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)/放電(dian)(dian)，采用GM6801第一(yi)個(ge)控(kong)制回路進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)/放電(dian)(dian)管理。

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圖5：GM6801應用于串聯電池組充電/放電管理方案輸入輸出部分電路圖

   應用(yong)方案如圖5所示，在針(zhen)對串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理(li)(li)方案中，GM6801控制引(yin)腳和輸(shu)(shu)入輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)引(yin)腳設定與并聯充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理(li)(li)不(bu)同(tong)之處(chu)為：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采集輸(shu)(shu)入口(kou)(這里(li)取CELVOLT1)通過(guo)(guo)一個分壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)與串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組正極相(xiang)連，串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值經過(guo)(guo)分壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)把相(xiang)當于一節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值送到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采集輸(shu)(shu)入口(kou)(CELVOLT1)；原(yuan)來為了實(shi)現自動判斷充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)是(shi)否有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采集輸(shu)(shu)入口(kou)(CELVOLT1)之前加 5V上拉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)不(bu)再適用(yong)，去掉該上拉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)后，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始由芯(xin)片(pian)使能(neng)開關控制，當芯(xin)片(pian)使能(neng)開關接通地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(GND)時(shi)，開始充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程管理(li)(li)及控制由GM6801自動完成。當芯(xin)片(pian)使能(neng)開關接通 5V時(shi)，芯(xin)片(pian)停止工作。