電(dian)池發熱(re)(re)有兩種(zhong)情況(kuang)，一種(zhong)是放電(dian)發熱(re)(re)，另(ling)一種(zhong)是充電(dian)發熱(re)(re)。 

　　1，放電發(fa)熱(re) 

　　放電(dian)發熱的(de)原因主要有(you)(you)：放電(dian)過快，有(you)(you)可能是(shi)電(dian)池容量小，放電(dian)電(dian)流長時(shi)間超過0．5C。 

　　1）當電(dian)動機額定電(dian)壓值低(di)，電(dian)池容(rong)量(liang)較小，工(gong)作電(dian)流偏(pian)大時，電(dian)壓會急劇降低(di)，容(rong)量(liang)也很快消耗，對(dui)電(dian)池最為不利(li)。 

2）電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)化學反應(ying)速(su)度僅(jin)能夠維持行車(che)，經常做整循環充放電(dian)，稍不注意(yi)便會超消耗。遇到迎風上坡，耗電(dian)甚大(da)，迫(po)使電(dian)池(chi)極板急劇(ju)反應(ying)，電(dian)池(chi)外殼的熱(re)度較高(gao)，會使電(dian)池(chi)受到損(sun)傷(shang)，縮(suo)短(duan)壽命(ming)。 

　　3）比較理想的(de)是電池的(de)電化(hua)學反應速度充分地供(gong)給足夠的(de)電能。電池的(de)外殼沒有異常熱度，說明電池容量是足夠的(de)。 

　　2，充(chong)電發熱 

　　充電過程中發熱(re)，可能的(de)故(gu)障原(yuan)因(yin)有： 

    1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)自(zi)身問(wen)題，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)衰老，內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)變大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液干(gan)涸，內(nei)(nei)部有(you)短路等造成(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)(fa)熱(re)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)隨著使用的(de)次(ci)數增加，這包括放電(dian)(dian)(dian)和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)的(de)水分(fen)子(zi)逐漸(jian)流失(shi)，這就是(shi)我們講的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)析氣、失(shi)水，從而(er)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)熱(re)；另外則是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溶液在(zai)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)形成(cheng)(cheng)硫酸結晶、沉淀粘糊在(zai)鉛(qian)板(ban)上，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)增大而(er)發(fa)(fa)熱(re)；這兩類(lei)問(wen)題可以通過加水、去硫去極等技術手(shou)段予(yu)以解決。如(ru)若(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)因短跑斷格導致的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)熱(re)，那最好(hao)更換(huan)新電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。 

    2）充電器問題，一般的充電器沒有脈沖功(gong)(gong)能(neng)，更沒有負脈沖消除(chu)極化(hua)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)，這類充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)通常不(bu)能(neng)在充(chong)電(dian)后(hou)期恒壓(ya)，以至(zhi)造(zao)成電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)超(chao)過允許值，從(cong)而導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)池(chi)大量析氣、失水、發熱。 現在市場上的(de)普通充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，只是一昧的(de)恒功(gong)(gong)率(lv)充(chong)電(dian)，或是對電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部電(dian)阻等情況不(bu)能(neng)及時檢(jian)測，檢(jian)測到了也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)做出及進的(de)充(chong)電(dian)調整或不(bu)能(neng)給(gei)出最佳的(de)充(chong)電(dian)方案，這些都是充(chong)電(dian)過程中導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)池(chi)發熱的(de)原因。 

    對(dui)于普通的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器來(lai)講，可以(yi)人為地(di)控制溫(wen)(wen)升（這(zhe)是(shi)某電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車廠(chang)家給出(chu)的方案）。方法是(shi)：在(zai)測量(liang)升高的開始階段(duan)，及時斷開電(dian)(dian)(dian)源停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，溫(wen)(wen)升和極化即自(zi)行停止(zhi)，但降低和消除極化需(xu)要時間。當溫(wen)(wen)度降低后(hou)，再繼續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，之后(hou)再停充(chong)(chong)，如此(ci)反復，直至充(chong)(chong)滿為止(zhi)。可是(shi)這(zhe)未(wei)免太過(guo)于費神了(le)些，試問一只(zhi)普通的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器產品(pin)，其充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間即便(bian)是(shi)對(dui)12AH的小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)也需(xu)要8小(xiao)時以(yi)上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車的用戶不可能為充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)而耗用8小(xiao)時來(lai)不斷重復測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度、斷開電(dian)(dian)(dian)源、接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)源這(zhe)些動(dong)作！因(yin)此(ci)，此(ci)方法不可取。 

    那么，要從根本上(shang)解決因充電(dian)(dian)器問(wen)題(ti)導致(zhi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)發(fa)熱，就須正(zheng)確選用充電(dian)(dian)器，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)過程是一個電(dian)(dian)化學反應過程，在這個過程中，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)若出(chu)現微量(liang)發(fa)熱情(qing)況則屬正(zheng)常(chang)發(fa)熱，如若發(fa)熱異常(chang)，在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能良好(hao)的(de)情(qing)況下(xia)則屬充電(dian)(dian)器原因。 

    如何選擇充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器呢？首先，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器須為(wei)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式為(wei)：充(chong)(chong)(chong)-停-充(chong)(chong)(chong)-停……這(zhe)就讓電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)反應時(shi)接受能力更(geng)好(hao)，同時(shi)在(zai)停充(chong)(chong)(chong)的過程中(zhong)，有利(li)于電(dian)(dian)池虛高的平復。 

    其次(ci)，選用的充(chong)電器(qi)最(zui)好具備負脈(mo)沖功能，能在充(chong)電的同時對電池起到(dao)一定(ding)的維(wei)護。 

    最后，不論是普通充電器還是正負脈沖充電器，它們在充電過程中的控制問題則是重中之重，即便是正負脈沖充電器，如若充電控制不精確，那也會對電池贊成傷害，目前市場上的充電器基本上有恒功、恒壓、三段式充電器、脈沖充電器，最近又推出了充電控制技術的新理念，這種充電器借鑒了很多方面的技術，我們把它稱為模糊控制技術也不為過，介于是通用討論，那在這里，我們就用通俗一點的語言來介紹它，在介紹它之前呢，我們先看看三段式充電器，什么叫三段式？就是恒流、恒壓、恒功率的充電方式，它在充電時對電池特性的對應上有一定的合理性，但它最終無法控制電池在充電過程中發熱現象的產生，因為它的充電過程是一個三步走的常規方式，孰知市場上的電池性能各異，一種常規的充電模式對一組性能參數完全對應的電池來講，無異是最佳的充電方式，但換另一組性能有所差異的電池上，則效用便完全不同了，把電池充發熱算是輕微的，充鼓電池甚至充電時電池發生爆炸都有可能！那怎么才能做到對應每一組電池都是最佳的充電模式呢？隨著單片機應用于充電器，這個(ge)問題(ti)便逐(zhu)漸得到了解(jie)決，隨時(shi)檢測電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)(nei)部電(dian)壓(ya)內(nei)(nei)阻等情(qing)況、適(shi)時(shi)選擇相(xiang)對應的(de)充(chong)電(dian)模式、非固定的(de)充(chong)電(dian)過程，這便是我們推崇的(de)這種新的(de)充(chong)電(dian)控制技(ji)術的(de)基本原理！