電池發熱有(you)兩種情況，一種是(shi)放電發熱，另一種是(shi)充電發熱。 

　　1，放電(dian)發熱 

　　放電(dian)發(fa)熱的原因主(zhu)要有：放電(dian)過(guo)快，有可能是電(dian)池(chi)容量小(xiao)，放電(dian)電(dian)流長時間超(chao)過(guo)0．5C。 

　　1）當電(dian)(dian)動機額定電(dian)(dian)壓值低，電(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量較(jiao)小(xiao)，工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流偏大時，電(dian)(dian)壓會急劇降低，容(rong)量也很快(kuai)消耗，對電(dian)(dian)池最(zui)為(wei)不(bu)利。 

2）電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)化學反應速度僅(jin)能(neng)夠維持行(xing)車(che)，經常做整(zheng)循環充放電(dian)，稍不注意便會超(chao)消耗。遇到迎風上坡，耗電(dian)甚大，迫(po)使電(dian)池(chi)極(ji)板急劇反應，電(dian)池(chi)外殼的熱度較高，會使電(dian)池(chi)受(shou)到損傷，縮短壽命(ming)。 

　　3）比較理(li)想的(de)是電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)化學反應速(su)度充分地供給(gei)足夠的(de)電(dian)能(neng)。電(dian)池的(de)外殼沒有異常(chang)熱度，說(shuo)明(ming)電(dian)池容(rong)量是足夠的(de)。 

　　2，充(chong)電發熱 

　　充(chong)電過程中發熱，可(ke)能的故障(zhang)原因有： 

    1）電(dian)(dian)池(chi)自身(shen)問(wen)題，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)衰(shuai)老(lao)，內阻變大，電(dian)(dian)解液干涸(he)，內部(bu)有短(duan)路等造成發熱。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)隨(sui)著(zhu)使用的(de)次數增(zeng)加(jia)，這包括放電(dian)(dian)和(he)充電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)中的(de)水(shui)(shui)分子逐漸流失，這就是我們(men)講的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)析氣、失水(shui)(shui)，從而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)應中發熱；另外則是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)溶液在(zai)充放電(dian)(dian)過程中形成硫酸結(jie)晶、沉淀粘糊在(zai)鉛板(ban)上，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)阻增(zeng)大而(er)發熱；這兩類問(wen)題可以(yi)通(tong)過加(jia)水(shui)(shui)、去硫去極等技術手段予以(yi)解決(jue)。如若電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是因短(duan)跑斷格導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)發熱，那最好(hao)更(geng)換(huan)新(xin)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。 

    2）充電器問題，一般的充電器沒(mei)有脈沖(chong)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)，更沒(mei)有負脈沖(chong)消(xiao)除極化功(gong)(gong)能(neng)，這類(lei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器通(tong)常不(bu)(bu)能(neng)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期恒(heng)壓，以至造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超過允(yun)許值，從(cong)而導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)大量析氣、失水、發(fa)熱。 現在市場上的普通(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，只是一昧的恒(heng)功(gong)(gong)率充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，或(huo)是對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻等情況不(bu)(bu)能(neng)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)檢測(ce)，檢測(ce)到(dao)了也(ye)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)做出(chu)(chu)及(ji)(ji)進的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)調整或(huo)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)給出(chu)(chu)最佳的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方案，這些都(dou)是充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發(fa)熱的原因。 

    對(dui)于(yu)(yu)普(pu)通的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器來講，可以(yi)人為(wei)(wei)地(di)控制溫(wen)升(sheng)（這是某電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)(che)廠(chang)家給出的(de)(de)方案(an)）。方法是：在測量升(sheng)高的(de)(de)開(kai)始(shi)階段，及時斷(duan)開(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源停(ting)(ting)止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，溫(wen)升(sheng)和極化即自(zi)行停(ting)(ting)止，但降低和消除(chu)極化需要時間。當溫(wen)度降低后(hou)，再繼續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，之(zhi)后(hou)再停(ting)(ting)充(chong)(chong)，如此(ci)反復，直(zhi)至充(chong)(chong)滿(man)為(wei)(wei)止。可是這未免太過于(yu)(yu)費神了些(xie)，試問一只普(pu)通的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器產(chan)品，其充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間即便是對(dui)12AH的(de)(de)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)也需要8小(xiao)時以(yi)上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)(che)的(de)(de)用(yong)戶不(bu)可能為(wei)(wei)充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)耗用(yong)8小(xiao)時來不(bu)斷(duan)重復測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)度、斷(duan)開(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源、接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)源這些(xie)動作！因此(ci)，此(ci)方法不(bu)可取(qu)。 

    那么，要(yao)從根本上解(jie)決因充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)問題導致的電(dian)(dian)池發熱，就須正(zheng)確選(xuan)用充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，電(dian)(dian)池的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程是一個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)應過(guo)程，在這個(ge)(ge)過(guo)程中，電(dian)(dian)池若出(chu)現微量(liang)發熱情(qing)況(kuang)則屬正(zheng)常(chang)發熱，如若發熱異常(chang)，在電(dian)(dian)池性能良好的情(qing)況(kuang)下則屬充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)原因。 

    如何選擇(ze)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)呢？首先，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)須(xu)為(wei)脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式為(wei)：充(chong)(chong)(chong)-停(ting)(ting)-充(chong)(chong)(chong)-停(ting)(ting)……這就(jiu)讓(rang)電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)電(dian)(dian)化學反應時接受能力更好，同(tong)時在(zai)停(ting)(ting)充(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)過程中，有利于電(dian)(dian)池虛高(gao)的(de)平復。 

    其次，選用的充(chong)電器最好具備負(fu)脈(mo)沖功能(neng)(neng)，能(neng)(neng)在充(chong)電的同時對(dui)電池起到一(yi)定的維護。 

    最后，不論是普通充電器還是正負脈沖充電器，它們在充電過程中的控制問題則是重中之重，即便是正負脈沖充電器，如若充電控制不精確，那也會對電池贊成傷害，目前市場上的充電器基本上有恒功、恒壓、三段式充電器、脈沖充電器，最近又推出了充電控制技術的新理念，這種充電器借鑒了很多方面的技術，我們把它稱為模糊控制技術也不為過，介于是通用討論，那在這里，我們就用通俗一點的語言來介紹它，在介紹它之前呢，我們先看看三段式充電器，什么叫三段式？就是恒流、恒壓、恒功率的充電方式，它在充電時對電池特性的對應上有一定的合理性，但它最終無法控制電池在充電過程中發熱現象的產生，因為它的充電過程是一個三步走的常規方式，孰知市場上的電池性能各異，一種常規的充電模式對一組性能參數完全對應的電池來講，無異是最佳的充電方式，但換另一組性能有所差異的電池上，則效用便完全不同了，把電池充發熱算是輕微的，充鼓電池甚至充電時電池發生爆炸都有可能！那怎么才能做到對應每一組電池都是最佳的充電模式呢？隨著單片機應用于充電器，這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)問題便(bian)逐漸得(de)到了解決，隨時檢測電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)(nei)部電(dian)壓內(nei)(nei)阻等情況、適時選擇相對(dui)應的(de)充(chong)電(dian)模式、非固定的(de)充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程，這(zhe)(zhe)便(bian)是我們推崇(chong)的(de)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)新(xin)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)技術的(de)基本原理(li)！