電池發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)有兩種(zhong)情況，一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)放電發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)，另(ling)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)充(chong)電發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)。 

　　1，放電發(fa)熱 

　　放(fang)(fang)電(dian)發熱的(de)原因主要有：放(fang)(fang)電(dian)過(guo)快，有可能是電(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)小，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)長(chang)時間(jian)超(chao)過(guo)0．5C。 

　　1）當電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值低(di)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)較小(xiao)，工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)偏(pian)大時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會急劇(ju)降低(di)，容(rong)量(liang)也很快消耗，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最為不利。 

2）電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)化學反應(ying)(ying)速度僅能(neng)夠維持行車，經常做整循環(huan)充放電(dian)，稍不注意(yi)便會(hui)超消耗。遇到迎風上坡，耗電(dian)甚大(da)，迫使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板急劇反應(ying)(ying)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)外(wai)殼的熱度較高，會(hui)使(shi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)受(shou)到損傷，縮短壽命(ming)。 

　　3）比(bi)較理想(xiang)的(de)是電(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)化學反應速(su)度充(chong)分地供給足夠(gou)的(de)電(dian)(dian)能。電(dian)(dian)池的(de)外殼(ke)沒有異常熱度，說明(ming)電(dian)(dian)池容量是足夠(gou)的(de)。 

　　2，充電發(fa)熱 

　　充電過程中發熱，可(ke)能(neng)的故障原(yuan)因有： 

    1）電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)自身問題(ti)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)衰老(lao)，內阻(zu)變大，電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)干涸，內部有短路等造成(cheng)發(fa)(fa)熱(re)。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)隨著(zhu)使用(yong)的(de)(de)次數增加，這包括放(fang)電(dian)(dian)和充電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)水分子逐漸(jian)流失(shi)，這就是我們(men)講的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)析氣、失(shi)水，從而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在電(dian)(dian)化學反應中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)熱(re)；另外(wai)則是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溶液(ye)在充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)形(xing)成(cheng)硫酸結晶、沉淀(dian)粘糊在鉛(qian)板(ban)上，導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)增大而(er)發(fa)(fa)熱(re)；這兩類問題(ti)可(ke)以通過(guo)加水、去硫去極等技術手(shou)段予(yu)以解決(jue)。如若電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是因短跑斷格(ge)導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)熱(re)，那最好更換新電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。 

    2）充電器問題，一般的充電器沒(mei)有脈沖(chong)功能，更沒(mei)有負脈沖(chong)消除極化(hua)功能，這(zhe)類充電(dian)器(qi)通(tong)常不(bu)能在(zai)充電(dian)后(hou)期恒壓(ya)，以至(zhi)造成電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)超過(guo)允(yun)許值(zhi)，從而導致電(dian)池(chi)大量析氣、失水(shui)、發(fa)熱。 現在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)上的普通(tong)充電(dian)器(qi)，只是(shi)一昧的恒功率充電(dian)，或(huo)是(shi)對電(dian)池(chi)內部電(dian)阻等情(qing)況不(bu)能及(ji)(ji)時檢(jian)測，檢(jian)測到了也不(bu)能做出及(ji)(ji)進的充電(dian)調整或(huo)不(bu)能給出最(zui)佳的充電(dian)方(fang)案(an)，這(zhe)些都是(shi)充電(dian)過(guo)程中導致電(dian)池(chi)發(fa)熱的原因(yin)。 

    對于(yu)普通的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器來講，可(ke)以人(ren)為(wei)地控制溫(wen)升(sheng)（這是(shi)某電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車廠家給(gei)出(chu)的(de)(de)方(fang)案）。方(fang)法是(shi)：在測(ce)量(liang)升(sheng)高(gao)的(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)始階段，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，溫(wen)升(sheng)和(he)極(ji)化即自(zi)行停止，但降低和(he)消除極(ji)化需要(yao)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。當溫(wen)度降低后，再繼續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，之后再停充(chong)(chong)，如此(ci)反復，直(zhi)至充(chong)(chong)滿為(wei)止。可(ke)是(shi)這未免太過于(yu)費神(shen)了些(xie)，試問(wen)一只普通的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器產(chan)品，其(qi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)即便(bian)是(shi)對12AH的(de)(de)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也需要(yao)8小時(shi)(shi)以上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車的(de)(de)用戶不可(ke)能(neng)為(wei)充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而耗用8小時(shi)(shi)來不斷(duan)重復測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)度、斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)這些(xie)動(dong)作！因此(ci)，此(ci)方(fang)法不可(ke)取。 

    那(nei)么，要從根本(ben)上解決因充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器問題(ti)導致的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池發(fa)熱，就須正(zheng)確選用充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)是一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應過程(cheng)，在(zai)這個過程(cheng)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池若出(chu)現(xian)微量(liang)發(fa)熱情(qing)況則屬正(zheng)常發(fa)熱，如若發(fa)熱異常，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池性能良好的情(qing)況下則屬充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器原因。 

    如(ru)何選擇充(chong)(chong)電器呢(ni)？首先，充(chong)(chong)電器須為(wei)脈沖充(chong)(chong)電器，脈沖充(chong)(chong)電器的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電方式為(wei)：充(chong)(chong)-停-充(chong)(chong)-停……這就(jiu)讓電池(chi)在(zai)電化學反應時(shi)接受能力(li)更(geng)好，同時(shi)在(zai)停充(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中，有利于電池(chi)虛(xu)高的(de)(de)平復。 

    其次，選用的(de)充(chong)電器最(zui)好具備(bei)負(fu)脈沖功能，能在充(chong)電的(de)同時對電池起(qi)到一定的(de)維護。 

    最后，不論是普通充電器還是正負脈沖充電器，它們在充電過程中的控制問題則是重中之重，即便是正負脈沖充電器，如若充電控制不精確，那也會對電池贊成傷害，目前市場上的充電器基本上有恒功、恒壓、三段式充電器、脈沖充電器，最近又推出了充電控制技術的新理念，這種充電器借鑒了很多方面的技術，我們把它稱為模糊控制技術也不為過，介于是通用討論，那在這里，我們就用通俗一點的語言來介紹它，在介紹它之前呢，我們先看看三段式充電器，什么叫三段式？就是恒流、恒壓、恒功率的充電方式，它在充電時對電池特性的對應上有一定的合理性，但它最終無法控制電池在充電過程中發熱現象的產生，因為它的充電過程是一個三步走的常規方式，孰知市場上的電池性能各異，一種常規的充電模式對一組性能參數完全對應的電池來講，無異是最佳的充電方式，但換另一組性能有所差異的電池上，則效用便完全不同了，把電池充發熱算是輕微的，充鼓電池甚至充電時電池發生爆炸都有可能！那怎么才能做到對應每一組電池都是最佳的充電模式呢？隨著單片機應用于充電器，這個問題便(bian)逐漸得到(dao)了(le)解決，隨時檢(jian)測電(dian)池(chi)內部電(dian)壓內阻等情(qing)況(kuang)、適時選擇相對(dui)應的(de)充電(dian)模式、非(fei)固定的(de)充電(dian)過程，這便(bian)是我們(men)推崇(chong)的(de)這種新的(de)充電(dian)控(kong)制技術的(de)基(ji)本原理！