電池發熱(re)有兩種(zhong)情況，一(yi)種(zhong)是放電發熱(re)，另一(yi)種(zhong)是充電發熱(re)。 

　　1，放電發熱 

　　放電(dian)(dian)發熱的原因主要有：放電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)快，有可能是電(dian)(dian)池容量小，放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流長時(shi)間超過(guo)(guo)0．5C。 

　　1）當電(dian)(dian)動機額(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓值低，電(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)較(jiao)小(xiao)，工作電(dian)(dian)流(liu)偏(pian)大時，電(dian)(dian)壓會急劇降低，容量(liang)也很快(kuai)消耗，對電(dian)(dian)池最為不利。 

2）電(dian)池的電(dian)化學反(fan)應(ying)(ying)速(su)度僅能夠(gou)維持行(xing)車，經常做整循環充放(fang)電(dian)，稍(shao)不(bu)注(zhu)意便會(hui)超消耗。遇到(dao)迎風上坡，耗電(dian)甚大，迫使電(dian)池極板急劇反(fan)應(ying)(ying)，電(dian)池外殼的熱度較高，會(hui)使電(dian)池受到(dao)損傷(shang)，縮短壽命。 

　　3）比較理想的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)化學反應(ying)速度(du)充分地供給足夠(gou)的(de)(de)電(dian)能。電(dian)池的(de)(de)外殼沒有異常熱度(du)，說明電(dian)池容量是(shi)(shi)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)。 

　　2，充電發熱 

　　充電(dian)過程中發(fa)熱，可能的故障原因(yin)有： 

    1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)自(zi)身問題，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)衰(shuai)老，內(nei)阻(zu)變大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液干涸(he)，內(nei)部有(you)短(duan)路等造(zao)成(cheng)發(fa)(fa)熱(re)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)隨著(zhu)使用的(de)(de)(de)次數增加，這包括(kuo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)水分子逐(zhu)漸(jian)流失，這就是(shi)我們講的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)析氣、失水，從而(er)導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)反應中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)熱(re)；另外(wai)則(ze)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溶液在(zai)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)(zhong)形成(cheng)硫(liu)酸結晶、沉淀粘(zhan)糊在(zai)鉛板上，導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)增大(da)而(er)發(fa)(fa)熱(re)；這兩類問題可以(yi)通過加水、去硫(liu)去極等技術(shu)手(shou)段(duan)予(yu)以(yi)解決。如(ru)若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)因短(duan)跑斷(duan)格導致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發(fa)(fa)熱(re)，那最好更換新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。 

    2）充電器問題，一般的充電器沒有脈(mo)沖功能(neng)(neng)，更沒有負脈(mo)沖消除極化功能(neng)(neng)，這類充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器通常(chang)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后期恒壓，以至造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超過(guo)允許值，從(cong)而導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)大(da)量析氣、失水、發熱。 現在市場上的普通充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，只是一昧的恒功率充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，或(huo)是對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)等情況(kuang)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)及時檢測，檢測到了也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)做(zuo)出及進的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)調整或(huo)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)給出最佳的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)案(an)，這些(xie)都是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發熱的原因(yin)。 

    對于普通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)來講，可(ke)以人為地控制溫升(sheng)（這(zhe)是某電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車廠家給(gei)出的(de)(de)方案(an)）。方法是：在測量(liang)升(sheng)高的(de)(de)開始階段，及時(shi)斷開電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，溫升(sheng)和(he)極化即自行(xing)停止，但(dan)降低(di)和(he)消除極化需(xu)要(yao)時(shi)間。當(dang)溫度降低(di)后，再繼續充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，之后再停充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，如此反復，直至充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿為止。可(ke)是這(zhe)未(wei)免太過于費(fei)神了些(xie)，試問一只普通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)產品，其充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間即便是對12AH的(de)(de)小電(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)8小時(shi)以上，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車的(de)(de)用戶(hu)不(bu)可(ke)能為充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)而耗用8小時(shi)來不(bu)斷重復測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)池溫度、斷開電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)、接通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)這(zhe)些(xie)動(dong)作！因此，此方法不(bu)可(ke)取(qu)。 

    那么，要從根本(ben)上解決因充(chong)電器(qi)問題導(dao)致的(de)電池(chi)發熱(re)，就(jiu)須正確選(xuan)用(yong)充(chong)電器(qi)，電池(chi)的(de)充(chong)電過程(cheng)是一個電化學反應過程(cheng)，在這個過程(cheng)中(zhong)，電池(chi)若出現微量發熱(re)情況則屬正常發熱(re)，如(ru)若發熱(re)異常，在電池(chi)性能良好的(de)情況下(xia)則屬充(chong)電器(qi)原因。 

    如何選擇充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器呢？首先，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器須為脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式為：充(chong)-停-充(chong)-停……這就讓電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在電(dian)(dian)化學反應(ying)時接受能力更(geng)好，同時在停充(chong)的過程中(zhong)，有利于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)虛高的平復。 

    其次，選用的充(chong)電器最(zui)好具備負(fu)脈(mo)沖功能，能在充(chong)電的同時對(dui)電池起到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)的維護(hu)。 

    最后，不論是普通充電器還是正負脈沖充電器，它們在充電過程中的控制問題則是重中之重，即便是正負脈沖充電器，如若充電控制不精確，那也會對電池贊成傷害，目前市場上的充電器基本上有恒功、恒壓、三段式充電器、脈沖充電器，最近又推出了充電控制技術的新理念，這種充電器借鑒了很多方面的技術，我們把它稱為模糊控制技術也不為過，介于是通用討論，那在這里，我們就用通俗一點的語言來介紹它，在介紹它之前呢，我們先看看三段式充電器，什么叫三段式？就是恒流、恒壓、恒功率的充電方式，它在充電時對電池特性的對應上有一定的合理性，但它最終無法控制電池在充電過程中發熱現象的產生，因為它的充電過程是一個三步走的常規方式，孰知市場上的電池性能各異，一種常規的充電模式對一組性能參數完全對應的電池來講，無異是最佳的充電方式，但換另一組性能有所差異的電池上，則效用便完全不同了，把電池充發熱算是輕微的，充鼓電池甚至充電時電池發生爆炸都有可能！那怎么才能做到對應每一組電池都是最佳的充電模式呢？隨著單片機應用于充電器，這個問(wen)題便逐漸得到(dao)了(le)解決，隨時(shi)檢測電池內(nei)(nei)部電壓(ya)內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)等情況、適時(shi)選(xuan)擇相對應的(de)充電模式、非固定的(de)充電過程，這便是我們推崇的(de)這種新的(de)充電控(kong)制(zhi)技(ji)術的(de)基(ji)本(ben)原理！