摘要：本應用筆記簡單介(jie)紹了鎳鎘(NiCd)、鎳氫(NiMH)和鋰(li)離子(zi)(Li-Ion，Li+)可充電電池,討論它們的性能，并說(shuo)明在不需要微控制(zhi)器(qi)的情況下如何構(gou)建(jian)單機結(jie)構(gou)，安全(quan)、快速地(di)為(wei)鎳氫和鋰(li)離子(zi)電池充電。

車載充電器摘(zhai)要：本應用筆記(ji)簡單介紹了鎳鎘(NiCd)、鎳氫(qing)(qing)(NiMH)和鋰(li)離子(Li-Ion，Li+)可(ke)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),討論它們的性能，并說明(ming)在不需要微控(kong)制器的情況下如(ru)何構建單機(ji)結構，安全、快(kuai)速地為(wei)鎳氫(qing)(qing)和鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。概(gai)述充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已(yi)經成為(wei)當(dang)今(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子產(chan)品的一種標(biao)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，特(te)別是(shi)便攜(xie)設(she)備：筆記(ji)本電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦、手機(ji)、數(shu)(shu)碼(ma)相機(ji)。盡管(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在不斷(duan)(duan)降低，但可(ke)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)消耗的絕對(dui)功率仍在不斷(duan)(duan)增(zeng)大(da)。功耗增(zeng)長的主要原因(yin)是(shi)設(she)備功能的增(zeng)強，例如(ru)：數(shu)(shu)碼(ma)相機(ji)與手機(ji)的功能整

　　概述充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池已經成為(wei)當(dang)今電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品的(de)(de)(de)一種標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，特(te)別是便攜(xie)設備：筆(bi)記本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦、手機(ji)(ji)、數碼相(xiang)機(ji)(ji)。盡管電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在(zai)不斷(duan)降低(di)，但可(ke)(ke)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池消耗(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)絕對(dui)功(gong)率仍在(zai)不斷(duan)增(zeng)大(da)。功(gong)耗(hao)(hao)增(zeng)長的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)原(yuan)因是設備功(gong)能的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)強，例(li)如：數碼相(xiang)機(ji)(ji)與手機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能整合，筆(bi)記本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)算速度以(yi)及大(da)尺寸屏幕的(de)(de)(de)需求等(deng)等(deng)。便攜(xie)設備功(gong)耗(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)大(da)使得用(yong)可(ke)(ke)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池要(yao)比(bi)標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池性(xing)價比(bi)更(geng)高。更(geng)為(wei)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是，可(ke)(ke)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池更(geng)有(you)利(li)于(yu)環保。使用(yong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池可(ke)(ke)極(ji)大(da)地減少有(you)害物質的(de)(de)(de)排放、材料的(de)(de)(de)消耗(hao)(hao)、以(yi)及生產同等(deng)一次性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池所需的(de)(de)(de)能源(yuan)(yuan)。

　　本文介(jie)紹(shao)了可充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的化學成(cheng)分(fen)；同時(shi)說明了各種充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的典(dian)型特征和(he)選(xuan)擇電(dian)(dian)池(chi)類型時(shi)需要重點注意(yi)的事項。另外還討論了在不使用微(wei)控(kong)制器或電(dian)(dian)源浪涌(yong)的主適(shi)配器的情況下(xia)如何構(gou)建單機結構(gou)，安(an)全、快速地對鎳氫和(he)鋰離子充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)。

　　可充電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)類型20世(shi)紀80年代的(de)便攜設備，如(ru)數字無繩電(dian)話、隨身聽和電(dian)動剃須刀等，主(zhu)要由鎳(nie)鎘(NiCd)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)供電(dian)。到了90年代后期(qi)，鎳(nie)氫(NiMH)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和鋰離子(Li-Ion)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)逐漸進(jin)入市(shi)場并(bing)開始流行。

　　因為價格比(bi)鎳氫和鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池便(bian)宜(yi)，鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)池在低端應(ying)用(yong)中十分普遍。鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)池可提(ti)供最高的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，適合短時間內(nei)需要(yao)大功率(lv)輸出的應(ying)用(yong)。

　　另一(yi)方面，鎳鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)池(chi)曾(ceng)經被所謂的(de)記憶(yi)效應(ying)困擾(現(xian)在(zai)的(de)鎳鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)池(chi)很少考慮這(zhe)個因素)，使電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量降低。如果鎳鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)未(wei)完全放電(dian)的(de)情(qing)況下再充(chong)電(dian)，一(yi)些活性物(wu)質(zhi)會累積(ji)并(bing)且(qie)開始結晶(在(zai)陽(yang)極有(you)(you)100μm的(de)鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)累積(ji)層(ceng))，通過化學反應(ying)這(zhe)層(ceng)物(wu)質(zhi)會自行(xing)消(xiao)失(一(yi)塊全新電(dian)池(chi)的(de)陽(yang)極大約有(you)(you)1微(wei)米厚(hou)度的(de)鎘(ge)(ge)(ge)結晶)。

　　出現(xian)記憶效應會(hui)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量越來(lai)越小，端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越來(lai)越低(di)，使得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池到達最(zui)低(di)可用(yong)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(關斷點(dian))的(de)(de)時(shi)間比(bi)預期的(de)(de)早許多，如圖1所示。鎳(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)另(ling)一個缺點(dian)是它(ta)的(de)(de)活性物質中(zhong)含有有毒的(de)(de)鎘(ge)(ge)(Cd)，早期的(de)(de)鎳(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)處理(li)時(shi)會(hui)產生和成本問題。。所以(yi)，歐洲法規2000/53/EG在(zai)2005年12月31號后銷(xiao)售鎳(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。

　　鎳氫電池比鎳鎘電池更環保，但是價格更貴。鎳氫電池的放電電流略小，但受惰性效應的影響。惰性效應是比鎳鎘電池記憶效應稍輕的一種現象。惰性效應是由于鎳的結晶導致的。惰性效應和記憶效應一樣，導致無法完全使用可充電電池的全部容量，但都可以通過使用帶有放電功能的充電器來避免。

　　圖1.鎳鎘電池的記(ji)憶效(xiao)(xiao)應與鎳氫電池的惰性效(xiao)(xiao)應之(zhi)間的比較

　　鋰電(dian)(dian)子(zi)可(ke)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池價格最高(gao)，但具有足夠高(gao)的能量密度，因而可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)給定尺(chi)寸下(xia)提供更(geng)優性能，更(geng)適合小尺(chi)寸、高(gao)集成度的便攜設(she)備。

　　表1給出了各種(zhong)類型(xing)電(dian)池的主要特(te)性(xing)。

　　表(biao)1.各種類型充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)概(gai)述

　　MaximumDischargeCurrent>5C<3C<2C

　　室溫下。

　　C=電池容量。

　　單機鎳氫電池快速充電器雖然很多(duo)人更偏愛鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)，鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池(chi)的使用依然很流行。因為(wei)鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池(chi)比鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)便宜(yi)很多(duo)，所(suo)以在MP3播放器、閃光燈配(pei)件、車燈等設備(bei)中經常能看(kan)到(dao)標(biao)準(zhun)的AA和(he)AAA鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池(chi)。

　　一塊可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)溫度(du)和(he)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)逐(zhu)步(bu)上升(sheng)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)完全充(chong)滿后開始下降(圖2)。所以，鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)主要任務是檢(jian)測到這(zhe)個突變(bian)點(dian)并中斷(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，或(huo)者(zhe)從快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)切換(huan)到涓流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。另(ling)外，在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中對溫度(du)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓進行連(lian)續可以提供(gong)系統的(de)安(an)全性。

　　圖(tu)2.這些曲(qu)線(xian)顯(xian)示了NiMH充電(dian)電(dian)池充電(dian)過程中典(dian)型(xing)的電(dian)壓(頂部)和溫度(底部)隨(sui)時間的變化

　　DS2711/DS2712充電器具備上述(shu)功能。另外(wai)，它們可以單(dan)機工作，不(bu)需(xu)要微(wei)控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)或微(wei)處理(li)器(qi)(qi)。該系列(lie)產品(pin)是專(zhuan)門為單(dan)節(jie)AA或AAA可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池設計的，同時也(ye)適用(yong)(yong)于或并聯的兩節(jie)電(dian)(dian)池。DS2711采(cai)用(yong)(yong)線(xian)性控(kong)制結構，DS2712采(cai)用(yong)(yong)開(kai)關控(kong)制結構。為了最大限度地延長工作時間、節(jie)約電(dian)(dian)池能量，這些(xie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)有(you)4種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)模式(shi)：預(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、快速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、浮充(chong)和涓流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。在浮充(chong)模式(shi)下，電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)滿后充(chong)電(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)率被切(qie)換到一個比較低的速(su)(su)率(對(dui)于DS2711而(er)言(yan)是25%)。

　　簡單充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)路圖(tu)除功能(neng)外(wai)，DS2711/DS2712充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器還帶有內部(bu)計(ji)時器，通過連(lian)接(jie)到TMR引腳的(de)外(wai)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)設(she)定(ding)最大(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)，可將快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)設(she)置在0.5到10小時。浮充(chong)(chong)時間(jian)已經設(she)定(ding)為最大(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)的(de)一半(0.25到5小時)。根(gen)據(ju)所要求的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)(TAPPROX)，由下(xia)式計(ji)算電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值：

　　R=1000TAPPROX/1.5

　　快速充電(dian)模(mo)式下，如果超(chao)過最大(da)充電(dian)時間(jian)，充電(dian)器會從快速充電(dian)模(mo)式切換到浮充模(mo)式，同(tong)時復位計時器。計時器開始為浮充過程計時，如果達(da)到預定的浮充時間(jian)，充電(dian)器將從浮充模(mo)式切換到涓流模(mo)式(圖3)。

　　圖3.該(gai)典(dian)型應用電(dian)中，DS2711電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器為2個的鎳氫充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)

　　VP1、VP2用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，THM1、THM2配合熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)用來監測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)溫度。TMR(計時器(qi))和RSNS(檢流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu))用于設定充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。DS2711/DS2712的(de)(de)另外一個(ge)特(te)性是可以檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)故障和堿性原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)發生這些情況，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)會自行關機。該特(te)性十分重要，因為如(ru)(ru)果(guo)給(gei)堿性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池泄漏，產生有(you)害的(de)(de)液體(ti)和/或氣體(ti)。有(you)毒氣體(ti)以及會與周圍材料起(qi)反應(ying)的(de)(de)液體(ti)通常會損壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和/或外圍設備。

　　如何(he)檢測堿性電(dian)池(chi)全新的鎳氫AA電(dian)池(chi)的典型內阻(zu)在30mΩ到(dao)100mΩ，堿性電(dian)池(chi)的內阻(zu)一般在200mΩ到(dao)300mΩ(根據充電(dian)狀態，最高(gao)可到(dao)700mΩ)，出現故(gu)障的充電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)會有很高(gao)的內阻(zu)。DS2711/DS2712通過檢測到(dao)的電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(VP1和(he)VP2)和(he)已設定的充電(dian)電(dian)流可以計算(suan)出待充電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)的內阻(zu)。

　　CTST引腳(jiao)(用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)測(ce)試、設(she)置門限)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內阻(zu)的(de)測(ce)量(liang)。VCTST是充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓減去無充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時的(de)開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(OCV)后的(de)差(cha)值。這個值等于充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)乘以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內阻(zu)的(de)乘積。如果檢測(ce)引腳(jiao)(VP1、VP2和VN1)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)沒(mei)有采(cai)用(yong)Kelvin連接，引線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)也將計入(ru)測(ce)量(liang)值，影響VCTST。計算外(wai)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)RCTST的(de)公式為：

　　RCTST=8000[V2/A]/VCTST,whereVCTST=ICharge×RCELL

　　圖4.圖3中所示充電器的充電流程

　　單機鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)因為不需(xu)要(yao)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變化率(dV/dt)，鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)比鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)簡單。同時(shi)，由于鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對過(guo)充非(fei)常(chang)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)需(xu)要(yao)一個精(jing)確(que)的4.2V±50mV電(dian)(dian)(dian)源恒電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。至于鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)不僅需(xu)要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓監測，還需(xu)要(yao)其它功能(溫度(du)、計時(shi)等)。

　　單機鋰離子電池充電器MAX8601內置所謂的VBATT可控電壓源，它可以在+25°C提供4.2V±0.021V，或在40°C

　　圖5.MAX8601鋰離子電池單機充電器的(de)典型應用電圖

　　MAX8601充電(dian)器的(de)主要優點是(shi)可以(yi)通過外(wai)部適配器或(huo)USB端(duan)口給電(dian)池充電(dian)(圖6)。USB端(duan)口根據USEL引(yin)腳(jiao)的(de)設(she)置可以(yi)提供(gong)100mA、500mA電(dian)流(liu)(典(dian)型USB輸出電(dian)流(liu))。該芯(xin)片會自動選擇外(wai)部電(dian)源(yuan)(主適配器或(huo)USB)。如果兩個(ge)電(dian)源(yuan)同時存(cun)在，它(ta)會選擇主適配器進行(xing)充電(dian)。任何一個(ge)電(dian)源(yuan)都必須能夠提供(gong)最小(xiao)4.5V的(de)電(dian)壓。通過USB端(duan)口充電(dian)可以(yi)降低外(wai)部電(dian)源(yuan)模(mo)塊的(de)成本，電(dian)源(yuan)模(mo)塊通常體積較(jiao)(jiao)大且效率較(jiao)(jiao)低。

　　MAX8601具有低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓預充(chong)、限(xian)壓/限(xian)流快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)浮充(chong)模式等控制(zhi)算法，優化了(le)鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。器件還有上電(dian)(dian)(dian)復(fu)位以及電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過壓、高溫(wen)/低(di)溫(wen)檢測和(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間的連續監測功能。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中出(chu)現過壓、高溫(wen)或低(di)溫(wen)會造(zao)成充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的永久損壞(huai)，降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)和(he)使用(yong)時間，甚至使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)報廢。最(zui)壞(huai)的情況下，會造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)泄(xie)漏或爆炸。MAX8601確(que)保充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中不會出(chu)現上述危害，從(cong)而延長了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用(yong)時間，消除(chu)了(le)潛在的情況。

　　圖(tu)6.圖(tu)5中充電器的充電流程圖(tu)

　　結論DS2711/DS2712和MAX8601都(dou)是單機充電(dian)器(qi)，它(ta)們具有多種功能(電(dian)壓、功率、溫度、計時等(deng))，既不需(xu)要微控制器(qi)，也不需(xu)要電(dian)源浪涌，而且提(ti)供清晰、簡(jian)單的外部切換。

　　常見問題及解答

　　什么場合(he)不適合(he)使用可再(zai)充電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)？

　　答：不(bu)要在諸(zhu)如(ru)(ru)遙(yao)控和煙霧報警等應用(yong)中使用(yong)充電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)。因為這些應用(yong)的電(dian)源(yuan)要求比(bi)較(jiao)低，而(er)且(qie)設備不(bu)經(jing)常(chang)使用(yong)。可再充電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)比(bi)普(pu)通電(dian)池(chi)具(ju)有更高的自放電(dian)率。譬如(ru)(ru)，鎳氫電(dian)池(chi)每天損失1%的電(dian)量。因而(er)它的工作時間(jian)不(bu)太長。

　　能(neng)否給一次性電池(如(ru)堿性電池)充電？

　　答：不能(neng)給堿性電池(chi)充電。堿性電池(chi)的化學成分(fen)及構造(zao)不適合進行充電，入的能(neng)量會發熱，隨著內(nei)(nei)部溫度的上升，電池(chi)通常會出現泄漏現象，有時可能(neng)會爆(bao)炸。電池(chi)內(nei)(nei)部的有毒物質對的影響很大(da)。

　　為什么監測充電(dian)電(dian)池的溫度(du)十分重要？

　　答：盡管充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)化學成分及(ji)構造適合進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但(dan)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)允許的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量及(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率有所。短時(shi)間內充(chong)入過多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量會(hui)使(shi)內部溫(wen)度升(sheng)高，同(tong)堿性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一樣，可能造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)泄漏甚至爆炸。一旦充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，額外的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷會(hui)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發熱。如果(guo)不(bu)對(dui)溫(wen)度進(jin)行(xing)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)，并(bing)降低充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率或停止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，可能會(hui)對(dui)產生同(tong)樣的(de)危害。這就是DS2711/DS2712/MAX8601在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中監(jian)測(ce)(ce)諸多參(can)數(shu)的(de)原因所在，這樣將確保(bao)較長的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)用時(shi)間以及(ji)安全的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程。