充電器的分類：
用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電器，省電，效率高，但是易壞。 常用的開關電源式充電器又(you)分半(ban)橋式(shi)和單(dan)激式(shi)兩(liang)大類(lei)，單(dan)激類(lei)又(you)分為正激式(shi)和反激式(shi)兩(liang)類(lei)。半(ban)橋式(shi)成本(ben)高，性能好，常用于帶負脈沖的(de)充(chong)電器；單(dan)激式(shi)成本(ben)低，市場(chang)占有(you)率(lv)高。

鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池已經有100多年的(de)(de)歷(li)史了，開(kai)始全球普遍沿引(yin)老的(de)(de)觀點(dian)和(he)操作規程：充(chong)(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)為0.1C（C是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量）壽命(ming)較(jiao)長。美(mei)國人(ren)麥斯先生為解決快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)問題，1967年向(xiang)全世(shi)界公布了他的(de)(de)研究成果，用大于1C率(lv)脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)間歇時對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)有利于消(xiao)除極(ji)化、降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液溫度、提高(gao)極(ji)板接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)能(neng)力。

我國一些科技(ji)工作者(zhe)在(zai)(zai)1969年前(qian)后，根據麥斯先生(sheng)的(de)三定(ding)律(lv)制(zhi)作成功了(le)多種品牌的(de)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)過程是：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切(qie)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)→對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短暫放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……2000年前(qian)后，有(you)人將(jiang)這(zhe)一原理用(yong)到了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)，不(bu)切(qie)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，用(yong)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短路(lu)(lu)(lu)瞬間(jian)(jian)，進行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短路(lu)(lu)(lu)時(shi)由于(yu)不(bu)切(qie)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)串連了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一般在(zai)(zai)1秒(miao)內(nei)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)3－5毫秒(miao)（1秒(miao)＝1000毫秒(miao)），由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感里的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)能(neng)跳變，短路(lu)(lu)(lu)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)短促(cu)，可以保(bao)護充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉換部(bu)分。如果把充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)方向叫正，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然為負(fu)了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車業就出現(xian)了(le)名詞“負(fu)脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)”，而且稱可以延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命等等。

近幾年，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)普(pu)遍使(shi)用了所謂三段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，第(di)(di)(di)一個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)二(er)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)三個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)涓流(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)技術角度針(zhen)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池而言：第(di)(di)(di)一個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)限流(liu)(liu)(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)二(er)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)三個(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)比較貼切(qie)。第(di)(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)(di)三階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)時，面板指示燈(deng)相(xiang)應變換(huan)(huan)，大多(duo)數充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)第(di)(di)(di)一、二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是紅燈(deng)，第(di)(di)(di)三階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)變綠燈(deng)。第(di)(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)(di)三階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)相(xiang)互轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)是由充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)決定的(de)(de)，大于某電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進入第(di)(di)(di)一第(di)(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，小于某電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進入第(di)(di)(di)三階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。這(zhe)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，也叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)轉(zhuan)折電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。

買(mai)新充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器要(yao)檢查三(san)段(duan)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)三(san)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)，第(di)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)是涓流階(jie)段(duan)的(de)低恒(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)，第(di)二個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)是第(di)二階(jie)段(duan)的(de)高恒(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)，第(di)三(san)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)是轉換電(dian)(dian)流。這三(san)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)與電(dian)(dian)池數(shu)目有(you)關，與電(dian)(dian)池的(de)容(rong)量Ah有(you)關，與溫度(du)有(you)關，與電(dian)(dian)池種類有(you)關。用戶一(yi)(yi)般(ban)可以自己測得第(di)三(san)階(jie)段(duan)的(de)低恒(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)。方法是，不接電(dian)(dian)池，給充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器加(jia)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)，用數(shu)字萬用表的(de)200V直流電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檔(dang)測充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。另兩個(ge)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)高恒(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)和(he)轉折電(dian)(dian)流一(yi)(yi)般(ban)需要(yao)專用工具才能(neng)測得。

開關電源式充電器的正確操作是(shi)：充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，先(xian)(xian)(xian)插(cha)(cha)電(dian)(dian)池，后加市電(dian)(dian)；充(chong)(chong)(chong)足后，先(xian)(xian)(xian)切斷市電(dian)(dian)，后拔(ba)電(dian)(dian)池插(cha)(cha)頭。如(ru)果在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時先(xian)(xian)(xian)拔(ba)電(dian)(dian)池插(cha)(cha)頭，特別(bie)是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流大（紅燈）時，非常(chang)容易(yi)損壞(huai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器。

此外還(huan)需(xu)注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)：1，變綠燈后再(zai)接(jie)著充(chong)(chong)(chong)2－3小時。2，原則是(shi)(shi)淺(qian)放（電(dian)(dian)）勤充(chong)(chong)(chong)（電(dian)(dian)），就是(shi)(shi)騎行(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)足(zu)夠(gou)遠，也要(yao)及(ji)時充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，避免放光再(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。3，長期(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)騎，要(yao)定(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)（2－3個月(yue)）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)次。4，長期(qi)(qi)(qi)淺(qian)放的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池，3個月(yue)左右(you)，作一(yi)(yi)次深放電(dian)(dian)，就是(shi)(shi)所(suo)謂放光再(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，有(you)利于(yu)電(dian)(dian)池深部的(de)(de)(de)(de)長期(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)物質的(de)(de)(de)(de)活化。放光的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思是(shi)(shi)，騎到(dao)(dao)控(kong)制(zhi)器電(dian)(dian)池欠壓保護動作為止。5， 一(yi)(yi)般(ban)新電(dian)(dian)池投入使用(yong)8－10個月(yue)后，要(yao)對電(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢查和維護。6，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)名牌車配套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器是(shi)(shi)經過(guo)篩選的(de)(de)(de)(de)，通常(chang)不(bu)用(yong)測試(shi)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)單獨到(dao)(dao)市(shi)場上采(cai)購的(de)(de)(de)(de)非配套(tao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)前述三個參數的(de)(de)(de)(de)測試(shi)。7，有(you)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)不(bu)帶工頻變壓器的(de)(de)(de)(de)可控(kong)硅(gui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機，直(zhi)接(jie)整流市(shi)電(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)流可到(dao)(dao)30A，電(dian)(dian)壓12V－80V可調，未徹底切斷市(shi)電(dian)(dian)前，千(qian)萬不(bu)要(yao)摸電(dian)(dian)池，貨運三輪使用(yong)這類充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)客(ke)戶(hu)特別(bie)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)安(an)全(quan)。