充電器的分類：
用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電器，省電，效率高，但是易壞。 常用的開關電源式充電器又(you)分半(ban)橋式(shi)(shi)和單激(ji)式(shi)(shi)兩大(da)類(lei)，單激(ji)類(lei)又(you)分為正激(ji)式(shi)(shi)和反激(ji)式(shi)(shi)兩類(lei)。半(ban)橋式(shi)(shi)成本(ben)高(gao)，性能好(hao)，常用于(yu)帶(dai)負脈沖(chong)的充電(dian)器；單激(ji)式(shi)(shi)成本(ben)低，市場(chang)占有率高(gao)。

鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池已經有(you)100多年(nian)的歷史了，開始全球普遍沿引(yin)老的觀點和操作(zuo)規程：充(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)為(wei)0.1C（C是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量）壽命較長。美(mei)國人(ren)麥(mai)斯(si)先生為(wei)解(jie)決快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)問題，1967年(nian)向全世界公布了他(ta)的研(yan)究成(cheng)果，用大于1C率(lv)脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間歇時對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)利于消除極化(hua)、降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)溫度、提高極板接受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的能力。

我國一(yi)些科技工作者在(zai)1969年前后，根據麥斯先生的三定律制作成功了(le)多種品牌的快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過程是：大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)(duan)暫放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通(tong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)→大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)……2000年前后，有(you)人(ren)將這一(yi)原理用到了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，不切斷(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)，用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)(duan)路(lu)瞬間，進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)(duan)路(lu)時由(you)于(yu)不切斷(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)中串(chuan)連了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)1秒(miao)內短(duan)(duan)路(lu)3－5毫秒(miao)（1秒(miao)＝1000毫秒(miao)），由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感里(li)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不能跳變，短(duan)(duan)路(lu)時間短(duan)(duan)促，可以保(bao)護(hu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉(zhuan)換部分。如果把(ba)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)方向叫正，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)自然為(wei)負了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)業就出現了(le)名(ming)詞“負脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)”，而且稱可以延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命等等。

近(jin)幾年(nian)，電(dian)(dian)動車(che)普遍使用(yong)了(le)所謂三(san)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，第(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)恒(heng)流(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)二個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)恒(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)三(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)涓流(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。從電(dian)(dian)子技術角度針對電(dian)(dian)池而言：第(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)限流(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)二個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)高恒(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)三(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)低(di)恒(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)比(bi)較貼切。第(di)(di)二階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)轉(zhuan)換(huan)時，面板(ban)指(zhi)示燈(deng)相(xiang)應變換(huan)，大多數充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器第(di)(di)一(yi)、二階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是(shi)紅燈(deng)，第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)變綠(lv)燈(deng)。第(di)(di)二階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)相(xiang)互轉(zhuan)換(huan)是(shi)由(you)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)決定的(de)，大于某電(dian)(dian)流(liu)進入(ru)第(di)(di)一(yi)第(di)(di)二階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，小(xiao)于某電(dian)(dian)流(liu)進入(ru)第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。這個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)叫(jiao)轉(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，也叫(jiao)轉(zhuan)折(zhe)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。

買新充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)要(yao)檢查三(san)(san)段(duan)式充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)三(san)(san)個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)(shu)，第一個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)(shu)是涓流(liu)(liu)(liu)階段(duan)的(de)(de)低(di)恒壓值(zhi)(zhi)，第二個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)(shu)是第二階段(duan)的(de)(de)高(gao)恒壓值(zhi)(zhi)，第三(san)(san)個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)(shu)是轉換電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。這(zhe)三(san)(san)個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)(shu)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)數(shu)(shu)目(mu)有關(guan)，與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)容量Ah有關(guan)，與(yu)(yu)溫(wen)度有關(guan)，與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)種類有關(guan)。用(yong)(yong)戶一般可以自己測得第三(san)(san)階段(duan)的(de)(de)低(di)恒壓值(zhi)(zhi)。方法是，不接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，給充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)加市電(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)(yong)數(shu)(shu)字萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)表的(de)(de)200V直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓檔(dang)測充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。另兩個(ge)(ge)參(can)數(shu)(shu)高(gao)恒壓值(zhi)(zhi)和轉折電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)一般需要(yao)專用(yong)(yong)工具才(cai)能測得。

開關電源式充電器的正(zheng)確操作是(shi)：充電(dian)(dian)時，先(xian)插(cha)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，后加市電(dian)(dian)；充足(zu)后，先(xian)切斷(duan)市電(dian)(dian)，后拔(ba)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)插(cha)頭。如(ru)果在充電(dian)(dian)時先(xian)拔(ba)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)插(cha)頭，特別是(shi)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流大（紅燈）時，非常容易損(sun)壞(huai)充電(dian)(dian)器。

此外還需(xu)注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)是(shi)：1，變綠(lv)燈后(hou)再接著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)2－3小時。2，原則(ze)是(shi)淺放(fang)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）勤(qin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)），就(jiu)是(shi)騎(qi)行不(bu)(bu)(bu)足夠遠，也要及時充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，避免放(fang)光再充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。3，長(chang)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)騎(qi)，要定期(qi)(qi)（2－3個(ge)月(yue)(yue)）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一次。4，長(chang)期(qi)(qi)淺放(fang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，3個(ge)月(yue)(yue)左右(you)，作(zuo)一次深(shen)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就(jiu)是(shi)所謂放(fang)光再充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有利于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)深(shen)部的(de)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)動(dong)的(de)物質的(de)活化。放(fang)光的(de)意(yi)思(si)是(shi)，騎(qi)到控制器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)欠(qian)壓保護動(dong)作(zuo)為(wei)止。5， 一般(ban)新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)投入使用8－10個(ge)月(yue)(yue)后(hou)，要對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行檢查(cha)和維護。6，一般(ban)名牌車配套的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是(shi)經過篩選的(de)，通常不(bu)(bu)(bu)用測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)，但是(shi)單獨到市場(chang)上采購的(de)非配套充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，一定要進行前述三個(ge)參(can)數的(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)。7，有一種(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)帶工頻變壓器(qi)的(de)可(ke)(ke)控硅充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，直接整流市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可(ke)(ke)到30A，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓12V－80V可(ke)(ke)調，未徹(che)底切斷市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前，千萬不(bu)(bu)(bu)要摸(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，貨(huo)運(yun)三輪使用這類充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)客戶(hu)特別(bie)要注(zhu)意(yi)安全。