電動自行車（以下簡稱“EB”）產業的興起，對充電器提出了高要求。目前EB所配置的充電器，多(duo)(duo)屬于傳(chuan)統的三(san)段(duan)(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，三(san)段(duan)(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式(shi)是(shi)將充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程分為恒流(liu)(liu)、恒壓、浮充(chong)三(san)個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，以(yi)我國EB采(cai)用較多(duo)(duo)的36V12Ah鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組為例，第一階(jie)段(duan)(duan)以(yi)1.8A的恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)到約44.4V；第二階(jie)段(duan)(duan)將充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)減小至(zhi)約0.3A，再次(ci)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)到44.4V；第三(san)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降至(zhi)約41.4V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)減至(zhi)約50MA對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)浮充(chong)。

　　從幾年來的使用情況看，三段式充電器暴露了一些問題。以下仍以36V12Ah鉛酸(suan)蓄電池組為例，談談三段式(shi)充電器的缺陷和解決方案。

　　三段式充電器忽略了電池的負溫度特性

　　三(san)段式充(chong)電(dian)器充(chong)電(dian)參數的(de)設定(ding)除受所配電(dian)池單體極板(ban)面積大小、電(dian)極特性、電(dian)解液(ye)密度等因素影(ying)響外，還受蓄電(dian)池的(de)環境(jing)溫度的(de)影(ying)響。

　　雖然(ran)一直(zhi)以來(lai)，人(ren)們(men)都(dou)明(ming)白電(dian)化(hua)學(xue)的(de)(de)溫度效應是(shi)不(bu)能回避的(de)(de)，但卻在充電(dian)器問題上忽略了。原因可以有很多，但特別應在此指(zhi)出的(de)(de)是(shi)：過去人(ren)們(men)對蓄電(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)、壽命與溫度之間關(guan)系的(de)(de)感(gan)觸和認識(shi)從來(lai)沒有象今天這樣直(zhi)接(jie)和具體(ti)，須知，這是(shi)千萬個EB用戶(hu)參與了“實驗”的(de)(de)結(jie)果。

　　在(zai)我國幾乎所有的地區(qu)，使用(yong)無溫度補償的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，都會對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)造成損害。夏季過充，冬季欠充，過充和欠充容(rong)易(yi)造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)失水和硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)失水后，硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)濃度提高，加(jia)劇了板極腐蝕，就更容(rong)易(yi)產生硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)表現為更容(rong)易(yi)失水。這是一種連鎖反應。鉛酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是影響EB續駛(shi)里程和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命的重要因素。

　　無(wu)溫度補(bu)嘗的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器究竟對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)損害有多(duo)大(da)，目前還缺少實(shi)驗數據，對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行定(ding)量分(fen)析要比定(ding)性(xing)分(fen)析復雜困(kun)難得(de)多(duo)，但以下的(de)(de)數據可以參考：EB標準(zhun)規定(ding)，鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)循環次(ci)數不得(de)不少于(yu)350次(ci)，但實(shi)際(ji)上(shang)有相當多(duo)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用時間不到8個(ge)月，即循還次(ci)數不足240次(ci)。

　　充電(dian)器增加溫(wen)度(du)補償功(gong)能并不困難，如只要(yao)將原(yuan)基準電(dian)壓改(gai)為(wei)具有(you)負溫(wen)度(du)系數特性的基準電(dian)壓，一般就(jiu)可以了。

　　三(san)段(duan)式充電模式缺少(shao)修補性充電環節

　　三(san)段式(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電模式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)恒(heng)流(liu)――恒(heng)壓――浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)三(san)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電階段，都是圍繞怎樣(yang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電池(chi)(chi)來設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)，因此，這三(san)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電階段占用了全部充(chong)(chong)(chong)電時(shi)(shi)間，如36V12Ah電池(chi)(chi)組的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電電流(liu)通常被設(she)定為18A，有(you)公式(shi)(shi)：12(安時(shi)(shi)）×1.2（效率）÷8（小時(shi)(shi)）=1.8A。恰(qia)好能在標準規定的(de)(de)(de)8h內將電池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，設(she)計(ji)時(shi)(shi)就沒(mei)打(da)算留出(chu)修(xiu)補電池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間，更何況三(san)段式(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器一般也不(bu)具(ju)備修(xiu)補電池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)功能。

　　產(chan)(chan)業界向來有(you)人(ren)認(ren)為：我(wo)國的(de)EB以采(cai)用(yong)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)為主，并且(qie)采(cai)取(qu)的(de)是全動力模式，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)長期不能(neng)達標，我(wo)國的(de)EB產(chan)(chan)業將可能(neng)有(you)再(zai)次夭折的(de)危險。但技術界對此(ci)問題的(de)認(ren)識是：要(yao)想鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)達標，除有(you)待于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)本身的(de)技術進(jin)(jin)步外(wai)，采(cai)用(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與修(xiu)(xiu)補功能(neng)兼(jian)備的(de)多功能(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器是解決(jue)問題的(de)有(you)效途徑。因此(ci)，我(wo)們建議立(li)即從(cong)以下兩方(fang)面入手對EB充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器進(jin)(jin)行技術改(gai)造。一是將36V12Ah電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流從(cong)1.8A提(ti)高到3A以上，用(yong)約4h的(de)時(shi)間對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)(jin)行常規性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，留出4h以上時(shi)間對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)(jin)行修(xiu)(xiu)補性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；二(er)是給充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器增加(jia)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)(jin)行修(xiu)(xiu)補性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)功能(neng)。

　　關于充電(dian)的(de)波形和頻率

　　充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器賴以(yi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)產(chan)生(sheng)影響的是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流及(ji)其(qi)(qi)波形和頻率(lv)，其(qi)(qi)中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓主要與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)得(de)滿不滿有關(guan)(guan)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流主要與(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)得(de)快(kuai)不快(kuai)有關(guan)(guan)，而充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的波形和頻率(lv)則主要與(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)得(de)好(hao)(hao)好(hao)(hao)不好(hao)(hao)有關(guan)(guan)，這里的“好(hao)(hao)不好(hao)(hao)”指(zhi)得(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的容量和壽命。實(shi)踐證明，以(yi)上三者雖各有側重，但其(qi)(qi)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)是相輔相成(cheng)、不可忽(hu)略的。

　　充電(dian)(dian)器屬于電(dian)(dian)源技術(shu)領域，在充電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中強(qiang)調(diao)波形(xing)和(he)頻率的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)源出現以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事，而三(san)段式(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)模式(shi)(shi)出現在線性電(dian)(dian)源時期(qi)，因此，三(san)段式(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)模式(shi)(shi)偏(pian)重(zhong)于充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)流，缺少(shao)充電(dian)(dian)波形(xing)和(he)頻率方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容是(shi)情有可原的(de)(de)(de)(de)。現在，EB配置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)器全都是(shi)用(yong)(yong)開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)源技術(shu)設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)，但卻仍采(cai)用(yong)(yong)三(san)段式(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)模式(shi)(shi)，這顯然(ran)是(shi)不(bu)相宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)，據我們調(diao)查和(he)檢測，目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)EB充電(dian)(dian)器還(huan)不(bu)同程度地存在以(yi)下問題：

　　（1）輸出紋波(bo)太小。有的(de)竟只(zhi)有50mV，顯然這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)將充(chong)電器當成穩壓電源(yuan)來(lai)做了，也許這(zhe)(zhe)種紋波(bo)可以(yi)用來(lai)給(gei)鋰離子電池(chi)充(chong)電，但對于36V鉛(qian)酸蓄電池(chi)來(lai)說，充(chong)電脈沖(chong)的(de)幅(fu)值(zhi)應以(yi)1-2V為好(hao)。

　　（2）輸(shu)(shu)出連(lian)續三(san)角波(bo)。這(zhe)(zhe)通常是正(zheng)激式開關電(dian)源充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)才有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)波(bo)形(xing)，由(you)于極化(hua)現(xian)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在，蓄(xu)電(dian)池忌諱用直流充(chong)電(dian)，包括(kuo)連(lian)續三(san)角波(bo)。常規(gui)性(xing)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最好波(bo)形(xing)是單端反激式開關電(dian)源通常所輸(shu)(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)降型脈(mo)(mo)沖，尤其(qi)是緊(jin)接(jie)脈(mo)(mo)沖之后存(cun)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)段休止時間，還可以消除鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池因充(chong)電(dian)而(er)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)化(hua)學極化(hua)；比(bi)較而(er)言，正(zheng)激式開關電(dian)源充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫升雖然(ran)可以做得低一(yi)些，但其(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出波(bo)形(xing)不如反激式電(dian)源，不過這(zhe)(zhe)可以通過調整其(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出三(san)角波(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)占空比(bi)來加以彌補。

　　（3）在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)之間(jian)串聯有(you)一二極(ji)管(guan)。其目的(de)(de)(de)可能是為(wei)了防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)通過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但這(zhe)樣做是錯誤的(de)(de)(de)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就是需要又充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又放(fang)(fang)(fang)，邊(bian)充(chong)(chong)邊(bian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)，充(chong)(chong)多(duo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)少，哪怕放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)只(zhi)有(you)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)百分之一，也將會對(dui)抑制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)氣化(hua)和(he)(he)抬高(gao)氣化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)產生不可替(ti)代的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。應(ying)該認識到，如(ru)能在(zai)(zai)每一常規(gui)性(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期留(liu)出幾微秒和(he)(he)在(zai)(zai)修補(bu)性(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期留(liu)出幾秒鐘用(yong)來放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對(dui)消除鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)極(ji)化(hua)和(he)(he)濃差極(ji)化(hua)，從(cong)而增加和(he)(he)延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)和(he)(he)壽命將會有(you)決定性(xing)意義(yi)。

（4）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)頻率單(dan)調。一(yi)(yi)個(ge)優秀的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器必須具(ju)有多種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)模式(shi)(shi)：脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、負脈沖激活、變頻充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)模式(shi)(shi)，只有具(ju)備這(zhe)些技(ji)術的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器才能(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)地去除電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液濃度(du)極(ji)(ji)差、板(ban)柵硫酸(suan)鹽(yan)化和(he)極(ji)(ji)化現象。脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)頻充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以及變頻充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術，正在(zai)被越來越多地應(ying)用在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器上，可(ke)以預(yu)期，一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)兼有常規性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)和(he)修補(bu)性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)的(de)多功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器必將替代功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)單(dan)一(yi)(yi)的(de)三段式(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器而成為EB的(de)主流。

　　一種實用(yong)的(de)EB多(duo)功能充(chong)電器的(de)充(chong)電模式(shi)和參數

　　如將(jiang)凡(fan)包含常(chang)規(gui)性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)和(he)修補性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器統稱為多功(gong)(gong)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，那么根據以兩(liang)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)結合方(fang)式的(de)(de)不同，可以設計(ji)出多種(zhong)模(mo)式的(de)(de)多功(gong)(gong)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，但(dan)從EB的(de)(de)適用(yong)角度考(kao)慮，還是將(jiang)以上兩(liang)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)分開(kai)來設計(ji)好，即將(jiang)有限的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間劃分為兩(liang)個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間段(duan)，前(qian)段(duan)時(shi)間用(yong)來完成常(chang)規(gui)性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，后段(duan)時(shi)間用(yong)來進行(xing)修補性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。以下仍以36V 12Ah鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)為例，介紹(shao)一(yi)種(zhong)實用(yong)的(de)(de)多功(gong)(gong)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)模(mo)式和(he)參數。

　　4.1常規(gui)性(xing)充電階段(duan)

　　（1）電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)類型：單端反激式開關電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)；

　　（2）滿輸出充電頻率(lv)：25kHz，即充電電源(yuan)3A時(shi)的電源(yuan)工作頻率(lv)；

　　（3）充電波(bo)形：下降型三角脈沖；

　　（4）脈沖幅度(du)：約1.6V；

　　（5）脈沖最大(da)寬度：約25μs；

　　（6）充電(dian)休止時間(jian)：約15μs；

　　（7）放電電流：約50mA；

　　（8）充電平均電流：3A；

　　（9）充電峰值(zhi)電流(liu)：約10A；

　　（10）充(chong)電時間：約4h，即充(chong)電4h后，電池(chi)電壓應上升到43.2V（常溫），容(rong)量已達75%以上；

　　（11）減流轉折(zhe)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓：常溫下(xia)(xia)(xia)43.2V，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)“氣化(hua)點電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓”，即在(zai)用直流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的情況下(xia)(xia)(xia)，此(ci)時鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液已(yi)開始大(da)量(liang)氣化(hua)。以下(xia)(xia)(xia)轉入修(xiu)補性充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階段。

　　4.2修補性充(chong)電階段

　　（1）線(xian)性減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)流(liu)(liu)及范(fan)圍(wei)：電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓上升(sheng)到43.2V（常溫）時，充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)開始減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)，減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)的速率呈線(xian)性，平(ping)均(jun)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)從3A最終(zhong)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為不小(xiao)(xiao)于0.3A，或(huo)峰值充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)從約10A減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為1A；

　　（2）充(chong)電頻率變(bian)化范圍(wei)(wei)：線性減流時(shi)，隨(sui)著(zhu)充(chong)電電流的減小(xiao)，充(chong)電頻率開始上升，其變(bian)化范圍(wei)(wei)為25-100kHz；

　　（3）充(chong)電(dian)終(zhong)止電(dian)壓：該電(dian)壓相當于(yu)“氣化(hua)點電(dian)壓”加約(yue)1.2V，當電(dian)池電(dian)壓上(shang)升至(zhi)該電(dian)壓時，充(chong)電(dian)器終(zhong)止充(chong)電(dian)；

　　（4）重起動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)：終止(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)降(jiang)，當(dang)降(jiang)至重起動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器將再(zai)次(ci)起動(dong)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充到充電(dian)(dian)(dian)終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，而后充電(dian)(dian)(dian)終止(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)再(zai)次(ci)下(xia)降(jiang)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)將循環(huan)反重地進(jin)行下(xia)去；

　　（5）充(chong)電(dian)終(zhong)(zhong)止(zhi)時間(jian)(jian)：終(zhong)(zhong)止(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)后(hou)，電(dian)池電(dian)壓下降(jiang)的時間(jian)(jian)起先較快，約幾秒鐘，隨著時間(jian)(jian)推移，終(zhong)(zhong)止(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)的時間(jian)(jian)會越(yue)來越(yue)長(chang)，可達幾分鐘以上；

　　（6）修補(bu)性(xing)充(chong)電(dian)的延(yan)續時間：4h以上不限

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