一.充電器(qi)、控制器(qi)概(gai)述

    充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自(zi)行(xing)車四大核心部(bu)件之一，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞(huai)嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響(xiang)著(zhu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)使用壽命。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)主(zhu)要由整流濾(lv)波、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)開關、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)交換、恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)等幾個部(bu)分(fen)組成。其中整流濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)用途(tu)是將交流220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)轉(zhuan)變為支流300V左(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，通(tong)過高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)交換，產生(sheng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時所需的(de)(de)(de)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，再由充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)后對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，采用這種方式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)具有(you)體積小、重(zhong)量(liang)輕、效率(lv)高(gao)等優點。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)實現方式(shi)(shi)與(yu)組成部(bu)分(fen)：目(mu)前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自(zi)行(xing)車用控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)，不管(guan)有(you)刷(shua)無刷(shua)，普(pu)遍采用PWM調速方式(shi)(shi)。控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)內(nei)部(bu)必須要有(you)PWM發生(sheng)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，還(huan)要有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，功(gong)率(lv)器(qi)件，功(gong)率(lv)器(qi)件驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)件驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)部(bu)件（轉(zhuan)把(ba)、閘把(ba)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機霍耳等）信號采集單元(yuan)與(yu)處(chu)理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，過流與(yu)欠壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。

    二.充電器的使(shi)用(yong)和(he)保(bao)養

    充電器的正確使用，不僅影響到充電器自(zi)身(shen)的(de)(de)可靠性和使(shi)用壽命，而(er)且還會影(ying)響到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)壽命。使(shi)用充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，請先(xian)插(cha)上充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出插(cha)頭(tou)(tou)，后插(cha)輸(shu)入插(cha)頭(tou)(tou)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)指示(shi)(shi)燈顯示(shi)(shi)紅(hong)色(se)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)指示(shi)(shi)燈也顯示(shi)(shi)為紅(hong)色(se)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿后，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)指示(shi)(shi)燈為綠色(se)。停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，請先(xian)撥(bo)下充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)入插(cha)頭(tou)(tou)，后撥(bo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出插(cha)頭(tou)(tou)。通常情況下，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)過度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和過度充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是有害的(de)(de)。因(yin)此，要勤充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，不(bu)要過放(fang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

    電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的使用(yong)壽命與其放(fang)電(dian)(dian)深度有很大關系。鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)尤(you)其怕虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)放(fang)量。虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)置(zhi)3-7天，將有可能永(yong)久損(sun)壞。因此，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)過后請盡快充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。對于長期不使用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，應每隔15天左(zuo)右對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)一次，以補償(chang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)存(cun)放(fang)時的自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)量的損(sun)失。

    充電器在(zai)(zai)使用過(guo)程中需防(fang)潮、防(fang)濕，并(bing)放置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)通風良好的(de)(de)地方。充電器工作時有一定的(de)(de)溫(wen)升，請注意(yi)散(san)熱(re)，通常充電時間在(zai)(zai)7-8小時，視電池的(de)(de)使用狀態(tai)而不同。

    充(chong)電(dian)器屬(shu)于較精密(mi)的電(dian)子(zi)設(she)備，因(yin)此(ci)，在使用中要(yao)注意(yi)防振(zhen)動。盡(jin)量不要(yao)隨(sui)車攜帶，如確(que)要(yao)攜帶，應將(jiang)充(chong)電(dian)器用減振(zhen)材(cai)料包裝好后放置于車上工具箱內，并應注意(yi)防雨、防潮。

    三.充電器(qi)的故障(zhang)與檢修

    1、輸出(chu)電(dian)壓正常，但充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)很小

    遇到這種情況時，應該檢(jian)查電壓元器件是否有接觸不(bu)良或損壞，如果一切正常，那么要更(geng)換充電器來排除(chu)故障。

    2、嚴(yan)重發熱(re)，甚至有外殼燒化變形現象

    這主要是部分(fen)用戶經常(chang)隨車攜帶造成部分(fen)元(yuan)器件松動引起的故(gu)障。主要表現為(wei)：電(dian)壓工作狀態不正常(chang)，熱(re)量很大(da)，嚴重(zhong)時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)器外殼變(bian)形，電(dian)路(lu)(lu)板(ban)燒焦(jiao)，導(dao)致電(dian)壓損壞。可(ke)將虛焊處重(zhong)新焊接好。如仍不能排除故(gu)障，則需檢查是否有元(yuan)器件開路(lu)(lu)。

    3、充電(dian)時電(dian)源指示燈(deng)亮，充電(dian)指示燈(deng)橙(cheng)色

    首先(xian)請(qing)檢查一下充電(dian)器輸(shu)出(chu)插(cha)頭與電(dian)池盒的充電(dian)插(cha)頭有(you)沒有(you)插(cha)緊(jin)。如(ru)確定沒有(you)問題，可檢查一下電(dian)池盒上面的保(bao)險絲是(shi)否開路或保(bao)險絲座有(you)松動(dong)接觸不良現象。

    另外，有的車型要把(ba)電(dian)池(chi)鎖打開后(hou)才(cai)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。如果以(yi)上故(gu)障均排除，考慮一(yi)(yi)下(xia)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)輸出(chu)線是否(fou)開路，可用(yong)萬用(yong)表電(dian)壓檔(dang)(dang)（200V檔(dang)(dang)）測量(liang)一(yi)(yi)下(xia)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的空載輸出(chu)電(dian)壓，應(ying)為41-44V（配36V電(dian)池(chi)因充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)不同有所不同），如果沒有的話(hua)，可能(neng)是充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)輸出(chu)線開路，并將充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)打開，換一(yi)(yi)根(gen)輸出(chu)線，即可排除故(gu)障。

    注意(yi)：在更換(huan)充電器(qi)的輸(shu)出線時，一定要(yao)注意(yi)原機的正負不要(yao)接反。

    4、電(dian)源指示(shi)燈(deng)不亮(liang)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)指示(shi)燈(deng)不亮(liang)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)指示(shi)燈(deng)也不亮(liang)

    檢(jian)查充電(dian)(dian)器輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)插(cha)(cha)頭(tou)是(shi)否(fou)連(lian)接好，可將(jiang)充電(dian)(dian)器輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)插(cha)(cha)頭(tou)插(cha)(cha)至正常的(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)插(cha)(cha)座中，若情況依舊，將(jiang)充電(dian)(dian)品外(wai)殼打打開，觀察一(yi)下機內保險絲(si)連(lian)接是(shi)否(fou)完好，有(you)(you)無斷(duan)路，如(ru)沒有(you)(you)斷(duan)路，現檢(jian)查電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)線是(shi)還良好，在排(pai)除電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)線的(de)故障(zhang)后，應檢(jian)查一(yi)下電(dian)(dian)路板(ban)上高(gao)壓區附近的(de)元器件是(shi)否(fou)有(you)(you)虛(xu)焊現象。另外(wai)，開路也會引直上述(shu)故障(zhang)，如(ru)機內保險絲(si)已斷(duan)，則千(qian)萬不要更換(huan)在安培的(de)保險絲(si)（充電(dian)(dian)器的(de)保險絲(si)管(guan)一(yi)般為(wei)2A），應重點檢(jian)查其元件有(you)(you)無損壞，如(ru)有(you)(you)損壞，可用同類型(xing)的(de)更換(huan)。

    5、發(fa)熱量在，且伴有(you)異(yi)常響聲，充不進電

    故(gu)障原因是輸(shu)出級(ji)消振阻(zu)容(rong)損壞所致。另(ling)外，元(yuan)器件(jian)的開路或虛焊也會引起上(shang)述故(gu)障。

    6、輸出部分銅箔燒斷(duan)

    打(da)開(kai)充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)現充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出部分銅箔燒斷(duan)，這通(tong)常(chang)是將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)是池(chi)正負極(ji)反接(jie)的結(jie)果，由(you)此(ci)而引起的故障(zhang)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)會導致充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)許(xu)多(duo)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件損壞。如果充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)保險絲沒(mei)有壞，則(ze)通(tong)常(chang)更(geng)(geng)換元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件后(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)斷(duan)銅箔連上即(ji)可(ke)恢復正常(chang)。如果充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)的保險絲已斷(duan)，則(ze)故障(zhang)較嚴重，有可(ke)能要(yao)逐一檢查并更(geng)(geng)換各損壞元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件。

    7、工作時有異常響聲，電源指(zhi)示燈(deng)與充電指(zhi)示燈(deng)暗且閃爍

    故障原(yuan)因原(yuan)因是(shi)元(yuan)器件

損(sun)壞(huai)，可更換損(sun)壞(huai)元器件，并(bing)使充電(dian)器輸出電(dian)壓在正常工作范圍內(nei)。

    8、輸出電(dian)壓很高(gao)

    輸出電壓(ya)很(hen)高（在于(yu)50V），其故障(zhang)原因是某元器件短路或開路，具本判斷時可測(ce)量集成電路的腳電壓(ya)。

    注：更換后(hou)，應(ying)重新用萬(wan)用表(biao)測量車此(ci)時的充(chong)電器輸出電壓，正常(chang)值應(ying)為41-44V之間，如(ru)果(guo)有偏(pian)差，須調整元器件，使充(chong)電器輸出電壓保持(chi)正常(chang)。

    四.控(kong)制器故障與維修

    影響(xiang)控(kong)制器可靠(kao)性的因素(su)：控(kong)制器的失效，從表(biao)現形(xing)式(shi)來(lai)看(kan)，一般(ban)有以(yi)下(xia)幾種(zhong)：

      1、功(gong)率器(qi)件(jian)損壞；

      2、控制器(qi)內部供電電源損壞；

      3、控制(zhi)器工作時斷時續；

      4、連接(jie)線磨損及接(jie)插件不良或脫落引起控制信號(hao)丟失。

    針對(dui)以上失效形式的(de)起因分析如下：

      A、功(gong)率(lv)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)的(de)損(sun)壞，一般有以下幾種可能：電(dian)機(ji)損(sun)壞引起(qi)的(de)；功(gong)率(lv)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)本(ben)身的(de)質量差或(huo)選(xuan)用等級不(bu)夠引起(qi)的(de)；器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)安(an)裝或(huo)振動松動引起(qi)的(de)；電(dian)機(ji)過載(zai)引起(qi)的(de)；功(gong)率(lv)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)驅(qu)動電(dian)路損(sun)壞或(huo)參數設計不(bu)合(he)理引起(qi)的(de)。

      B、控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器內(nei)部(bu)電(dian)源的(de)損壞，一般有以下幾(ji)種可(ke)能：控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器內(nei)部(bu)電(dian)路短路；外(wai)(wai)圍控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)件短路；外(wai)(wai)部(bu)引線短路。

      C、控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)工作起來時斷(duan)時續，一般有(you)以(yi)下幾種可能(neng)：器(qi)(qi)件(jian)本身在高溫或低(di)溫環境下參數漂移(yi)；控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)總(zong)體設計功耗大導致某些器(qi)(qi)件(jian)局(ju)部溫度過高而使(shi)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)本身進入保護(hu)狀態(tai)；接觸不良(liang)。

      D、連接線磨損及接觸插件接觸不良或脫落，一般有以下幾種可能：線材選擇不合理；對線材的保護不完備；接插件的選型不好；線束與接插件的壓接不牢。
     控制器(qi)(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)與檢修   通(tong)過測(ce)量控制器(qi)(qi)連接部件或引(yin)線的(de)(de)電源(yuan)電壓或信號電壓，可分(fen)析判斷出控制器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)所在。以(yi)下是控制器(qi)(qi)常見(jian)故(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)檢測(ce)與排(pai)除方法。

    一、有(you)(you)刷(shua)控制器沒(mei)有(you)(you)輸出

    將(jiang)萬(wan)用表(biao)設置在+20V（DC）檔位，先測量(liang)閘(zha)(zha)把(ba)輸(shu)出(chu)信號(hao)的高(gao)、低電(dian)位。如(ru)果(guo)捏閘(zha)(zha)把(ba)時，閘(zha)(zha)把(ba)信號(hao)有(you)超(chao)過4V的電(dian)位變化，則可排除閘(zha)(zha)把(ba)故障。之后(hou)，按照有(you)刷控制器常用芯片引(yin)腳功能表(biao)，與(yu)測量(liang)出(chu)的主控芯片與(yu)邏輯芯片的電(dian)壓值(zhi)進行電(dian)路分析，并(bing)檢查(cha)各芯片外(wai)圍器件(jian)（電(dian)阻(zu)、電(dian)容、二(er)極管）的數值(zhi)是否和元(yuan)件(jian)表(biao)面的表(biao)識相一致，檢查(cha)出(chu)是外(wai)圍器件(jian)或(huo)是集(ji)成電(dian)路出(chu)現故障。我們(men)可以通過更(geng)換同(tong)型號(hao)的器件(jian)來(lai)排除故障。

    二(er)、無(wu)刷控制器沒有輸出(chu)

    無刷控制(zhi)器(qi)電源與閘把的故障可以參考有(you)刷控制(zhi)器(qi)的故障排除方(fang)法予以排除。

    三、飛(fei)車

    飛車故障(zhang)一般(ban)是由MOS管擊穿引(yin)(yin)起的。判斷MOS管好壞的方法，可用(yong)萬用(yong)表的二極管檔位測量MOS管三個引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)，應該(gai)沒(mei)有短路現象。如(ru)果(guo)MOS管損(sun)壞，則可以通過更換同型號的器件(jian)來排除(chu)故障(zhang)。

    四、有(you)刷控制器(qi)部件的電源不正常(chang)

    控(kong)制器(qi)內部(bu)電源(yuan)一般(ban)采用(yong)三端穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)集(ji)成電器(qi)，一般(ban)用(yong)7805、7806、7812、7815規格的(de)(de)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)集(ji)成電路，它們的(de)(de)輸出(chu)電壓(ya)(ya)分別(bie)是(shi)5V、6V、12V、15V。將萬(wan)用(yong)表設置在(zai)直流電壓(ya)(ya)+20V（DC）檔位，將萬(wan)用(yong)表筆(bi)黑表筆(bi)與紅(hong)表筆(bi)分別(bie)靠(kao)在(zai)轉把的(de)(de)黑線(xian)和紅(hong)線(xian)上，觀察萬(wan)用(yong)表讀數是(shi)否(fou)與標稱(cheng)電壓(ya)(ya)相符，它們的(de)(de)上下電壓(ya)(ya)差不應(ying)超過0.2V，否(fou)則說明控(kong)制器(qi)內部(bu)電源(yuan)出(chu)現故障(zhang)了。一般(ban)有(you)刷控(kong)制器(qi)可以(yi)通過更(geng)換三端穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)集(ji)成電路排除故障(zhang)。

    五、無(wu)刷控(kong)制(zhi)器完全沒(mei)有(you)輸出(chu)

    參照(zhao)無(wu)刷(shua)控制器(qi)主相位(wei)檢(jian)查測量(liang)(liang)圖，用(yong)萬用(yong)表(biao)直流電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)+50V檔，檢(jian)測6路(lu)MOS管柵極電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)否(fou)與(yu)轉把(ba)的轉動角呈對(dui)應(ying)(ying)關(guan)系(xi)。如果(guo)沒有(you)(you)對(dui)應(ying)(ying)關(guan)系(xi)，表(biao)示控制器(qi)里的PWM電(dian)(dian)路(lu)或MOS管驅動電(dian)(dian)路(lu)有(you)(you)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。參照(zhao)無(wu)刷(shua)控制器(qi)主相位(wei)檢(jian)查圖，測量(liang)(liang)芯(xin)(xin)片的輸入輸出(chu)引腳(jiao)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)否(fou)與(yu)轉把(ba)轉動角度有(you)(you)對(dui)應(ying)(ying)關(guan)系(xi)，可(ke)以判斷出(chu)是(shi)哪些芯(xin)(xin)片有(you)(you)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。更換同(tong)型(xing)號(hao)芯(xin)(xin)片即可(ke)排除故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。

    六、電路(lu)元件的更換方法與注意事(shi)項

    在檢測出集成電(dian)路、MOS管(guan)損壞(huai)的(de)情況(kuang)下，就需(xu)要更換集成電(dian)路、MOS管(guan)，下面介紹一些常用(yong)的(de)操作方法。

    1、拆卸集成電路

    拆卸時(shi)，用酒精燈火(huo)焰外焰加熱印刷電(dian)(dian)路(lu)板焊接(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)引(yin)腳(jiao)焊盤，快速均勻(yun)地移動印刷電(dian)(dian)路(lu)板，直(zhi)至所有焊盤的(de)焊錫融化(hua)，用鑷(nie)子將(jiang)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)從印刷電(dian)(dian)路(lu)板上取下(xia)。焊接(jie)時(shi)，將(jiang)焊孔里的(de)焊錫清(qing)除干(gan)凈(jing)，將(jiang)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)插裝好，用接(jie)地良好的(de)電(dian)(dian)烙鐵迅速焊接(jie)好各引(yin)腳(jiao)。注(zhu)意速度(du)要快，以免因焊接(jie)時(shi)間長(chang)，引(yin)起局部溫度(du)過高，損壞電(dian)(dian)路(lu)或焊盤。

2、拆卸功率器件

    拆卸時(shi)，將MOS管(guan)或三端穩壓的管(guan)腳剪斷，然后分(fen)別焊下它們(men)的引腳，這樣可以避免(mian)拆卸大管(guan)腳元件時(shi)損壞印刷電路板焊盤。

    3、焊(han)(han)接(jie)集成電(dian)(dian)路、功率器件焊(han)(han)接(jie)的(de)(de)竅門在(zai)于是否能(neng)一(yi)次(ci)性焊(han)(han)接(jie)好。因為電(dian)(dian)烙(luo)鐵是有一(yi)定熱量(liang)的(de)(de)，如(ru)果將電(dian)(dian)烙(luo)鐵長時間的(de)(de)停留在(zai)焊(han)(han)接(jie)處，很可能(neng)會(hui)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)烙(luo)鐵上的(de)(de)熱量(liang)傳遞(di)到非焊(han)(han)接(jie)的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)件上，損壞高精度(du)的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)件。這就是電(dian)(dian)動車電(dian)(dian)元件焊(han)(han)接(jie)時，特別值得注(zhu)意的(de)(de)地方，以此來避免損壞元件內部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路。焊(han)(han)接(jie)集成電(dian)(dian)路、功率器件，首先要(yao)除去多(duo)余的(de)(de)焊(han)(han)錫(xi)，使(shi)焊(han)(han)錫(xi)