一.充電器、控制器概述(shu)

    充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)四大核心(xin)部件(jian)(jian)之一，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)好壞(huai)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)影響著蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)主要由整流(liu)(liu)(liu)濾波、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)開關、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)交(jiao)換、恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等幾個部分組成(cheng)。其(qi)中整流(liu)(liu)(liu)濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)用(yong)(yong)途(tu)是將交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)轉(zhuan)變為支流(liu)(liu)(liu)300V左右(you)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，通過(guo)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)交(jiao)換，產生(sheng)(sheng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時所需的(de)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，再由充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，采用(yong)(yong)這種方(fang)式的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)具有體(ti)積小、重(zhong)(zhong)量輕、效率(lv)高等優點。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)的(de)實(shi)現方(fang)式與組成(cheng)部分：目(mu)前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)用(yong)(yong)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)，不(bu)管有刷無刷，普(pu)遍采用(yong)(yong)PWM調速方(fang)式。控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)內部必須要有PWM發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，還要有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，功(gong)率(lv)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)，功(gong)率(lv)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部件(jian)(jian)（轉(zhuan)把(ba)、閘(zha)把(ba)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機霍耳等）信號采集單元與處(chu)理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)與欠壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。

    二.充(chong)電器的使用和保養(yang)

    充電器的正確使用，不僅影響到充電器自身的可靠性和(he)使用(yong)壽命，而且還會(hui)影響到電(dian)(dian)池的壽命。使用(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，請先插(cha)(cha)(cha)上充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的輸(shu)出插(cha)(cha)(cha)頭，后插(cha)(cha)(cha)輸(shu)入(ru)插(cha)(cha)(cha)頭。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的電(dian)(dian)源指示(shi)燈顯示(shi)紅色(se)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)指示(shi)燈也顯示(shi)為(wei)紅色(se)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿后，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)指示(shi)燈為(wei)綠色(se)。停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，請先撥下充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的輸(shu)入(ru)插(cha)(cha)(cha)頭，后撥充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的輸(shu)出插(cha)(cha)(cha)頭。通常情況(kuang)下，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池的過(guo)度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)和(he)過(guo)度(du)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)是有(you)害的。因此，要勤充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，不(bu)要過(guo)放(fang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

    電(dian)(dian)池的(de)使(shi)用壽命與(yu)其放電(dian)(dian)深度有很大關系(xi)。鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池尤其怕虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)放量。虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池放置3-7天，將(jiang)有可能永久損壞。因此(ci)，蓄電(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用過后(hou)請盡快充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。對于長期不使(shi)用的(de)電(dian)(dian)池，應每(mei)隔(ge)15天左右(you)對電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)一次，以補償電(dian)(dian)池存放時的(de)自放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)量的(de)損失(shi)。

    充(chong)電器(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)用過程中需(xu)防潮(chao)、防濕，并放置在(zai)(zai)(zai)通風良好的(de)地方。充(chong)電器(qi)工作時有一定的(de)溫升，請注(zhu)意(yi)散熱，通常充(chong)電時間在(zai)(zai)(zai)7-8小時，視電池的(de)使(shi)用狀態而不同。

    充(chong)電器屬于較精密的電子設備，因此，在使用中要(yao)(yao)注意防振(zhen)動。盡(jin)量不要(yao)(yao)隨車(che)攜帶，如確要(yao)(yao)攜帶，應(ying)將(jiang)充(chong)電器用減振(zhen)材(cai)料包裝好后放置于車(che)上工具箱內，并應(ying)注意防雨(yu)、防潮。

    三.充電器(qi)的故(gu)障與(yu)檢修(xiu)

    1、輸出電壓(ya)正常(chang)，但充電電流很小

    遇到這種情況(kuang)時，應該檢查電壓元(yuan)器(qi)件是否有接觸不(bu)良或損壞，如果(guo)一(yi)切(qie)正常，那么要(yao)更換充電器(qi)來(lai)排除故障。

    2、嚴重(zhong)發(fa)熱，甚至有外殼燒(shao)化變(bian)形現象

    這主要是部分(fen)(fen)用(yong)戶經常隨車攜(xie)帶造成(cheng)部分(fen)(fen)元器(qi)件(jian)松動引起的故障。主要表現為：電(dian)壓工作狀態不正常，熱(re)量很大，嚴重時充電(dian)器(qi)外殼變形(xing)，電(dian)路板燒焦，導致(zhi)電(dian)壓損壞。可將虛焊處重新(xin)焊接好。如仍不能(neng)排除故障，則需檢查是否(fou)有元器(qi)件(jian)開路。

    3、充電時電源指示燈亮，充電指示燈橙色(se)

    首先請檢查一下充電(dian)器輸出插頭與電(dian)池盒(he)的充電(dian)插頭有(you)沒有(you)插緊。如確定沒有(you)問題(ti)，可檢查一下電(dian)池盒(he)上面的保險絲是否開路或保險絲座有(you)松(song)動接觸不良現(xian)象。

    另外，有(you)的車型要把電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)鎖打(da)開(kai)后才能(neng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)果以上故障均排除(chu)，考(kao)慮一(yi)下充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)線(xian)是否(fou)開(kai)路(lu)，可用萬用表電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓檔（200V檔）測量一(yi)下充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的空載輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，應為(wei)41-44V（配36V電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)因充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器不(bu)同有(you)所不(bu)同），如(ru)果沒有(you)的話，可能(neng)是充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)線(xian)開(kai)路(lu)，并將(jiang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器打(da)開(kai)，換(huan)一(yi)根輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)線(xian)，即可排除(chu)故障。

    注意：在更換充電(dian)器(qi)的(de)輸出線時(shi)，一(yi)定要注意原(yuan)機的(de)正負不要接反。

    4、電源指(zhi)示(shi)燈不亮，充電指(zhi)示(shi)燈不亮，充電指(zhi)示(shi)燈也(ye)不亮

    檢(jian)查(cha)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)輸入電(dian)源插頭是否(fou)(fou)連接好，可將充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)輸入插頭插至正常的(de)電(dian)源插座(zuo)中，若情況依舊，將充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)品外(wai)殼打(da)打(da)開，觀察一下機內(nei)保險絲(si)連接是否(fou)(fou)完(wan)好，有(you)無斷路(lu)，如沒有(you)斷路(lu)，現檢(jian)查(cha)電(dian)源輸入線是還良好，在排除電(dian)源輸入線的(de)故障(zhang)后，應檢(jian)查(cha)一下電(dian)路(lu)板上高(gao)壓(ya)區附近的(de)元(yuan)器(qi)件是否(fou)(fou)有(you)虛焊(han)現象。另外(wai)，開路(lu)也(ye)會(hui)引直上述故障(zhang)，如機內(nei)保險絲(si)已斷，則(ze)千(qian)萬不要更換在安培的(de)保險絲(si)（充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)保險絲(si)管一般為2A），應重點檢(jian)查(cha)其元(yuan)件有(you)無損壞，如有(you)損壞，可用同類型的(de)更換。

    5、發熱量(liang)在，且伴有異常響聲(sheng)，充不進電

    故障(zhang)原因是輸出級消振阻容損壞所致。另(ling)外，元器件的開路或虛焊也(ye)會引(yin)起(qi)上述故障(zhang)。

    6、輸出部分銅箔燒斷

    打開充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)現充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出部分銅箔(bo)燒(shao)斷，這通常是將是池正負極反接的結果，由此(ci)而引起的故障將會導致充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)許多(duo)元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)損壞(huai)。如果充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保險(xian)絲沒有(you)(you)壞(huai)，則(ze)通常更(geng)換(huan)元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)后(hou)將斷銅箔(bo)連上即可恢復正常。如果充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的保險(xian)絲已斷，則(ze)故障較嚴重，有(you)(you)可能要逐一檢查(cha)并更(geng)換(huan)各損壞(huai)元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)。

    7、工作時有異常響(xiang)聲，電源指(zhi)示燈與(yu)充電指(zhi)示燈暗(an)且閃爍

    故(gu)障原因原因是元(yuan)器件

損壞，可(ke)更換損壞元器件，并使充電(dian)器輸出電(dian)壓(ya)在正(zheng)常工(gong)作范圍內。

    8、輸出電(dian)壓很高

    輸出電壓很高（在(zai)于50V），其故障原因是某元器(qi)件短(duan)路(lu)或(huo)開路(lu)，具本判斷時可測量集成電路(lu)的腳(jiao)電壓。

    注：更換后，應重新用(yong)萬用(yong)表測量(liang)車此(ci)時的充電器(qi)輸(shu)出電壓，正(zheng)常(chang)值應為41-44V之間(jian)，如果有偏差(cha)，須調整元器(qi)件，使充電器(qi)輸(shu)出電壓保持正(zheng)常(chang)。

    四.控制器(qi)故障與維修

    影響控制(zhi)器(qi)可靠(kao)性的因(yin)素(su)：控制(zhi)器(qi)的失(shi)效，從表現形式來看，一(yi)般有以下幾(ji)種：

      1、功率器件損壞；

      2、控制器內部供電電源損壞；

      3、控(kong)制(zhi)器工作(zuo)時(shi)斷時(shi)續；

      4、連接(jie)線磨(mo)損及接(jie)插件不良或脫落引起(qi)控(kong)制信(xin)號丟失。

    針(zhen)對以(yi)上失效形(xing)式的起因(yin)分析如下：

      A、功(gong)率(lv)器件(jian)(jian)的(de)損壞(huai)，一般(ban)有以下幾種可(ke)能：電(dian)機損壞(huai)引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)的(de)；功(gong)率(lv)器件(jian)(jian)本身(shen)的(de)質量差(cha)或選用(yong)等級不夠(gou)引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)的(de)；器件(jian)(jian)安裝或振動松(song)動引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)的(de)；電(dian)機過載(zai)引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)的(de)；功(gong)率(lv)器件(jian)(jian)驅動電(dian)路損壞(huai)或參數設計不合(he)理引(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)的(de)。

      B、控制器內部電(dian)(dian)源的損(sun)壞，一(yi)般有以下幾(ji)種可(ke)能：控制器內部電(dian)(dian)路短路；外圍(wei)控制部件短路；外部引(yin)線短路。

      C、控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)工作起來(lai)時(shi)斷時(shi)續(xu)，一般有以下(xia)幾種可能(neng)：器(qi)件(jian)本身(shen)在高溫(wen)或(huo)低溫(wen)環(huan)境下(xia)參(can)數漂移；控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)總(zong)體設計功耗大導致某(mou)些器(qi)件(jian)局部溫(wen)度過高而使器(qi)件(jian)本身(shen)進入(ru)保護狀態；接觸不良。

      D、連接線磨損及接觸插件接觸不良或脫落，一般有以下幾種可能：線材選擇不合理；對線材的保護不完備；接插件的選型不好；線束與接插件的壓接不牢。
     控制(zhi)器故障(zhang)與(yu)(yu)檢修   通過測量控制(zhi)器連接(jie)部件或引(yin)線的(de)電(dian)源電(dian)壓或信號電(dian)壓，可分析判斷出控制(zhi)器的(de)故障(zhang)所在。以下是控制(zhi)器常見故障(zhang)的(de)檢測與(yu)(yu)排除(chu)方法(fa)。

    一、有(you)刷控(kong)制器沒(mei)有(you)輸(shu)出

    將萬用(yong)表(biao)設置在+20V（DC）檔位，先測(ce)量(liang)閘把輸出(chu)(chu)信號(hao)的(de)高(gao)、低電位。如(ru)果捏(nie)閘把時，閘把信號(hao)有(you)超過4V的(de)電位變化，則可排除閘把故障。之后，按(an)照(zhao)有(you)刷(shua)控(kong)制器(qi)常用(yong)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)引腳功能表(biao)，與測(ce)量(liang)出(chu)(chu)的(de)主控(kong)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)與邏輯芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)的(de)電壓(ya)值進行電路(lu)分析(xi)，并檢查各(ge)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)外(wai)圍器(qi)件（電阻、電容、二(er)極管）的(de)數值是(shi)否和元件表(biao)面(mian)的(de)表(biao)識(shi)相一致，檢查出(chu)(chu)是(shi)外(wai)圍器(qi)件或是(shi)集(ji)成電路(lu)出(chu)(chu)現故障。我們可以通過更換同型(xing)號(hao)的(de)器(qi)件來排除故障。

    二、無刷控制(zhi)器(qi)沒有(you)輸(shu)出(chu)

    無(wu)刷控制器電源與閘把(ba)的故障(zhang)可(ke)以(yi)參考有刷控制器的故障(zhang)排(pai)除方法予以(yi)排(pai)除。

    三、飛車

    飛車故障(zhang)一(yi)般是由MOS管(guan)擊穿引(yin)起的。判斷MOS管(guan)好壞(huai)的方法，可用萬(wan)用表(biao)的二極管(guan)檔位測量MOS管(guan)三個引(yin)腳，應該沒有短路現象(xiang)。如果MOS管(guan)損(sun)壞(huai)，則可以通(tong)過(guo)更(geng)換同(tong)型號的器件(jian)來排除(chu)故障(zhang)。

    四、有刷控制器部件的電源(yuan)不正常

    控制器(qi)(qi)(qi)內部電源(yuan)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)采用(yong)(yong)三端穩(wen)壓(ya)集成(cheng)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)用(yong)(yong)7805、7806、7812、7815規格的穩(wen)壓(ya)集成(cheng)電路(lu)，它們的輸出電壓(ya)分別是5V、6V、12V、15V。將萬用(yong)(yong)表設置在直流電壓(ya)+20V（DC）檔(dang)位，將萬用(yong)(yong)表筆(bi)黑(hei)表筆(bi)與紅表筆(bi)分別靠在轉把的黑(hei)線和紅線上，觀察萬用(yong)(yong)表讀數是否(fou)與標稱電壓(ya)相符(fu)，它們的上下(xia)電壓(ya)差(cha)不應超過0.2V，否(fou)則說(shuo)明(ming)控制器(qi)(qi)(qi)內部電源(yuan)出現故(gu)障了。一(yi)般(ban)(ban)有刷控制器(qi)(qi)(qi)可以通(tong)過更換(huan)三端穩(wen)壓(ya)集成(cheng)電路(lu)排除故(gu)障。

    五、無刷控制(zhi)器完全(quan)沒有(you)輸出

    參照(zhao)無(wu)刷(shua)控(kong)制(zhi)器主相位(wei)檢查(cha)測(ce)(ce)量圖(tu)(tu)，用萬用表(biao)直流電壓+50V檔，檢測(ce)(ce)6路MOS管柵極電壓是(shi)(shi)否(fou)與轉(zhuan)把的(de)轉(zhuan)動角(jiao)(jiao)呈對應(ying)關系。如果沒(mei)有(you)(you)對應(ying)關系，表(biao)示控(kong)制(zhi)器里的(de)PWM電路或MOS管驅動電路有(you)(you)故障。參照(zhao)無(wu)刷(shua)控(kong)制(zhi)器主相位(wei)檢查(cha)圖(tu)(tu)，測(ce)(ce)量芯(xin)片(pian)的(de)輸入輸出引(yin)腳的(de)電壓是(shi)(shi)否(fou)與轉(zhuan)把轉(zhuan)動角(jiao)(jiao)度有(you)(you)對應(ying)關系，可(ke)以判斷出是(shi)(shi)哪些芯(xin)片(pian)有(you)(you)故障。更換同型號(hao)芯(xin)片(pian)即可(ke)排除(chu)故障。

    六、電路(lu)元件的更換(huan)方(fang)法與注意事項

    在檢測出(chu)集成(cheng)電(dian)路、MOS管(guan)損壞的(de)情況下，就(jiu)需要更換集成(cheng)電(dian)路、MOS管(guan)，下面介紹一些(xie)常用的(de)操作方法。

    1、拆卸集(ji)成電(dian)路

    拆卸時(shi)，用酒精燈火焰外焰加熱印(yin)(yin)刷電(dian)(dian)路板焊(han)(han)接(jie)成電(dian)(dian)路引(yin)(yin)腳焊(han)(han)盤，快速(su)均勻地移動印(yin)(yin)刷電(dian)(dian)路板，直至(zhi)所有焊(han)(han)盤的(de)(de)焊(han)(han)錫融化，用鑷子將集成電(dian)(dian)路從印(yin)(yin)刷電(dian)(dian)路板上(shang)取下(xia)。焊(han)(han)接(jie)時(shi)，將焊(han)(han)孔里的(de)(de)焊(han)(han)錫清除干凈(jing)，將集成電(dian)(dian)路插裝好，用接(jie)地良好的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)迅速(su)焊(han)(han)接(jie)好各引(yin)(yin)腳。注意速(su)度(du)要快，以免因焊(han)(han)接(jie)時(shi)間長，引(yin)(yin)起局(ju)部溫度(du)過(guo)高，損(sun)壞電(dian)(dian)路或焊(han)(han)盤。

2、拆卸功率器件

    拆卸時，將MOS管或三(san)端穩壓的管腳(jiao)剪斷，然后分別(bie)焊下它(ta)們的引腳(jiao)，這樣可(ke)以避免拆卸大管腳(jiao)元件時損壞(huai)印刷電(dian)路(lu)板焊盤。

    3、焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)集成電路(lu)、功(gong)率(lv)器件(jian)(jian)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)竅(qiao)門在于是(shi)(shi)否(fou)能(neng)一次性焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)好。因為電烙鐵(tie)(tie)是(shi)(shi)有一定熱(re)(re)量的(de)(de)(de)，如果(guo)將(jiang)電烙鐵(tie)(tie)長時間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)停(ting)留在焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)處，很可能(neng)會(hui)使電烙鐵(tie)(tie)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)量傳(chuan)遞(di)到非(fei)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)上(shang)，損壞(huai)高精(jing)度的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)。這就是(shi)(shi)電動車電元件(jian)(jian)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時，特別值得注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)地方，以(yi)此來(lai)避免損壞(huai)元件(jian)(jian)內(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)電路(lu)。焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)集成電路(lu)、功(gong)率(lv)器件(jian)(jian)，首先要除(chu)去多余的(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)錫，使焊(han)(han)錫