一(yi).充(chong)電器、控制器概(gai)述

    充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車四大核(he)心部(bu)件之一，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的好壞(huai)嚴(yan)重影響(xiang)著蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的使用(yong)(yong)壽命。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)由(you)整流(liu)(liu)濾波(bo)、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)關(guan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)交(jiao)換、恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制等(deng)幾個部(bu)分(fen)組(zu)成。其中(zhong)整流(liu)(liu)濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的用(yong)(yong)途是將交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)轉(zhuan)變為(wei)支流(liu)(liu)300V左右的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，通過高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)交(jiao)換，產生(sheng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時所需(xu)的低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，再由(you)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)控制后(hou)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，采用(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)方(fang)式的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)具有體積小、重量輕、效率高等(deng)優點。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車控制器(qi)(qi)的實現方(fang)式與(yu)組(zu)成部(bu)分(fen)：目前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車用(yong)(yong)控制器(qi)(qi)，不管有刷(shua)無刷(shua)，普遍采用(yong)(yong)PWM調速方(fang)式。控制器(qi)(qi)內(nei)部(bu)必須要(yao)有PWM發生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，還要(yao)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，功率器(qi)(qi)件，功率器(qi)(qi)件驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，控制器(qi)(qi)件驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，控制部(bu)件（轉(zhuan)把、閘把、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機霍(huo)耳(er)等(deng)）信(xin)號采集單元與(yu)處(chu)理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，過流(liu)(liu)與(yu)欠(qian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。

    二.充電器(qi)的(de)使用和(he)保養

    充電器的正確使用，不僅影響到充電器自身的(de)可(ke)靠性和使(shi)用壽(shou)命，而且還(huan)會(hui)影響到(dao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)壽(shou)命。使(shi)用充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，請先(xian)插(cha)上充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)出插(cha)頭(tou)，后插(cha)輸(shu)入插(cha)頭(tou)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)源指示(shi)(shi)燈顯示(shi)(shi)紅色(se)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)指示(shi)(shi)燈也顯示(shi)(shi)為紅色(se)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿后，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)指示(shi)(shi)燈為綠色(se)。停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，請先(xian)撥下充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)入插(cha)頭(tou)，后撥充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)出插(cha)頭(tou)。通常情況下，對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)過(guo)度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)和過(guo)度充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)是有(you)害(hai)的(de)。因此，要(yao)勤充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，不(bu)要(yao)過(guo)放(fang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

    電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用壽命與(yu)其放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度有很大關系。鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池尤其怕虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)量(liang)。虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)置3-7天，將有可(ke)能永久損壞(huai)。因此，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用過(guo)后請盡快充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于長(chang)期(qi)不使用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，應每隔15天左右對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一次，以補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)池存放(fang)時的自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的損失。

    充電(dian)器在使用過(guo)程中需(xu)防(fang)潮、防(fang)濕，并放置在通風良好的(de)地(di)方。充電(dian)器工作時(shi)有一定的(de)溫升(sheng)，請注意散(san)熱，通常充電(dian)時(shi)間在7-8小時(shi)，視電(dian)池的(de)使用狀態而不(bu)同。

    充電器屬于(yu)較精密的電子設備，因此，在使用(yong)中(zhong)要注意防(fang)(fang)振動(dong)。盡量不要隨車攜帶，如確(que)要攜帶，應(ying)將充電器用(yong)減(jian)振材料包裝好后放置于(yu)車上工具箱內(nei)，并應(ying)注意防(fang)(fang)雨、防(fang)(fang)潮。

    三.充電器的故障與檢(jian)修

    1、輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓正常，但充電(dian)電(dian)流很小

    遇到這種情況時，應該(gai)檢查電壓元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)是否(fou)有接觸不良(liang)或(huo)損壞(huai)，如果一切(qie)正常，那么要(yao)更換充電器(qi)來排除(chu)故障。

    2、嚴重發熱，甚至有(you)外殼燒化變形現象

    這主要是部分(fen)用戶(hu)經(jing)常隨車攜帶造(zao)成部分(fen)元器(qi)件松動引起(qi)的故障(zhang)。主要表現(xian)為：電壓(ya)工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態不(bu)正常，熱量很(hen)大(da)，嚴重(zhong)時充電器(qi)外(wai)殼變形，電路板燒焦(jiao)，導致電壓(ya)損壞。可將虛焊處重(zhong)新焊接好。如仍不(bu)能(neng)排除故障(zhang)，則需檢查是否有元器(qi)件開路。

    3、充(chong)電時電源指示(shi)燈(deng)亮，充(chong)電指示(shi)燈(deng)橙色

    首先請檢(jian)查一下充電(dian)(dian)器輸出插頭(tou)與電(dian)(dian)池盒(he)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)插頭(tou)有(you)沒(mei)有(you)插緊。如確定沒(mei)有(you)問題，可檢(jian)查一下電(dian)(dian)池盒(he)上面的(de)(de)保險絲是否開路或(huo)保險絲座有(you)松動接觸不良現象(xiang)。

    另外，有(you)(you)的車型(xing)要把電(dian)(dian)(dian)池鎖打(da)開后才能充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)果以上故障均(jun)排除(chu)，考慮一下充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸(shu)出線(xian)是(shi)否開路，可用(yong)萬用(yong)表電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓檔（200V檔）測(ce)量一下充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的空載輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，應(ying)為41-44V（配36V電(dian)(dian)(dian)池因充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)不(bu)同有(you)(you)所不(bu)同），如(ru)果沒有(you)(you)的話，可能是(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸(shu)出線(xian)開路，并將充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)打(da)開，換(huan)一根輸(shu)出線(xian)，即可排除(chu)故障。

    注意：在更換充電(dian)器的(de)(de)輸出(chu)線時，一定要注意原機的(de)(de)正(zheng)負(fu)不要接反。

    4、電源(yuan)指示燈(deng)(deng)不(bu)亮，充(chong)電指示燈(deng)(deng)不(bu)亮，充(chong)電指示燈(deng)(deng)也不(bu)亮

    檢查(cha)充(chong)電器(qi)輸入(ru)電源插頭是(shi)(shi)否(fou)連接好(hao)，可將充(chong)電器(qi)輸入(ru)插頭插至正常的電源插座中，若情況依(yi)舊，將充(chong)電品外殼打打開(kai)，觀察一下機內保(bao)(bao)險(xian)絲(si)連接是(shi)(shi)否(fou)完好(hao)，有無斷(duan)路(lu)，如(ru)(ru)沒有斷(duan)路(lu)，現(xian)檢查(cha)電源輸入(ru)線是(shi)(shi)還良好(hao)，在(zai)排除電源輸入(ru)線的故(gu)障后，應檢查(cha)一下電路(lu)板上(shang)高(gao)壓區附近的元(yuan)器(qi)件是(shi)(shi)否(fou)有虛焊現(xian)象。另(ling)外，開(kai)路(lu)也會引直(zhi)上(shang)述故(gu)障，如(ru)(ru)機內保(bao)(bao)險(xian)絲(si)已斷(duan)，則千萬不要更(geng)換在(zai)安培(pei)的保(bao)(bao)險(xian)絲(si)（充(chong)電器(qi)的保(bao)(bao)險(xian)絲(si)管一般(ban)為2A），應重點(dian)檢查(cha)其元(yuan)件有無損(sun)壞，如(ru)(ru)有損(sun)壞，可用同類(lei)型的更(geng)換。

    5、發(fa)熱量在，且(qie)伴有異常響聲，充(chong)不進(jin)電

    故障原因是輸出級(ji)消(xiao)振阻容損壞所(suo)致。另外，元器(qi)件的開路或虛焊也(ye)會引起(qi)上(shang)述(shu)故障。

    6、輸出部分銅箔(bo)燒斷

    打(da)開充(chong)電(dian)器后現充(chong)電(dian)器輸出(chu)部分銅(tong)(tong)箔燒斷(duan)(duan)，這通常是(shi)將(jiang)是(shi)池正(zheng)負極反接的結(jie)果(guo)，由此而引起的故障(zhang)將(jiang)會導(dao)致(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)器許多元(yuan)器件(jian)損(sun)壞。如(ru)果(guo)充(chong)電(dian)器保險(xian)絲(si)沒有壞，則通常更換(huan)元(yuan)器件(jian)后將(jiang)斷(duan)(duan)銅(tong)(tong)箔連上即可恢復正(zheng)常。如(ru)果(guo)充(chong)電(dian)器的保險(xian)絲(si)已斷(duan)(duan)，則故障(zhang)較嚴(yan)重，有可能(neng)要逐一檢查并(bing)更換(huan)各(ge)損(sun)壞元(yuan)器件(jian)。

    7、工(gong)作時有異常響(xiang)聲，電源指示燈與(yu)充電指示燈暗(an)且閃爍

    故障原因(yin)原因(yin)是(shi)元器(qi)件

損(sun)(sun)壞，可更換(huan)損(sun)(sun)壞元(yuan)器(qi)件，并(bing)使充電器(qi)輸(shu)出電壓(ya)在(zai)正常工作范圍(wei)內。

    8、輸出電壓很高(gao)

    輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)很高（在于50V），其(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)原因是某元器件短路(lu)或開(kai)路(lu)，具本判斷時可測量集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的腳電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

    注：更換后，應重(zhong)新(xin)用(yong)萬用(yong)表測量車(che)此時(shi)的(de)充電器輸出電壓(ya)，正常(chang)值(zhi)應為41-44V之(zhi)間，如果有偏差，須調整元器件，使充電器輸出電壓(ya)保持正常(chang)。

    四.控(kong)制器故障與(yu)維修(xiu)

    影響(xiang)控制器可靠性的因素：控制器的失效，從表(biao)現形式來看，一般有以下幾種：

      1、功率器(qi)件損壞；

      2、控制(zhi)器(qi)內部供電電源損壞(huai)；

      3、控(kong)制器(qi)工作時斷時續(xu)；

      4、連接線磨損(sun)及接插件不(bu)良或脫(tuo)落引起控(kong)制(zhi)信(xin)號丟失(shi)。

    針對以(yi)上(shang)失效形式的(de)起因分析如下：

      A、功率器件的(de)損(sun)壞，一般有(you)以(yi)下幾種可(ke)能：電(dian)機損(sun)壞引起(qi)(qi)的(de)；功率器件本身的(de)質量差或選用等級不(bu)夠引起(qi)(qi)的(de)；器件安裝(zhuang)或振動松動引起(qi)(qi)的(de)；電(dian)機過載引起(qi)(qi)的(de)；功率器件驅動電(dian)路損(sun)壞或參數設計(ji)不(bu)合理引起(qi)(qi)的(de)。

      B、控制(zhi)器內部(bu)電(dian)源的損壞(huai)，一般有(you)以下幾種可能：控制(zhi)器內部(bu)電(dian)路短路；外圍控制(zhi)部(bu)件短路；外部(bu)引線短路。

      C、控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)工作起來時斷時續，一般有(you)以下幾種可能：器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)本(ben)身在(zai)高溫或低溫環(huan)境(jing)下參數漂移；控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)總體(ti)設計功(gong)耗大(da)導(dao)致某些(xie)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)局(ju)部(bu)溫度(du)過高而使器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)本(ben)身進入保護狀(zhuang)態；接觸不(bu)良。

      D、連接線磨損及接觸插件接觸不良或脫落，一般有以下幾種可能：線材選擇不合理；對線材的保護不完備；接插件的選型不好；線束與接插件的壓接不牢。
     控制器故障與檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)   通過測量(liang)控制器連接部件或引線的電源電壓或信(xin)號(hao)電壓，可分析判(pan)斷出控制器的故障所(suo)在。以(yi)下是控制器常見故障的檢(jian)(jian)測與排除方(fang)法。

    一、有刷控制(zhi)器沒(mei)有輸出(chu)

    將萬用(yong)表設置在+20V（DC）檔位(wei)，先測量閘把(ba)輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)信(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)高、低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)。如果捏閘把(ba)時(shi)，閘把(ba)信(xin)號(hao)有超過4V的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)變化，則可排(pai)除閘把(ba)故(gu)障(zhang)。之后，按照有刷控制器(qi)常(chang)用(yong)芯(xin)片引(yin)腳(jiao)功(gong)能表，與測量出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)主控芯(xin)片與邏輯芯(xin)片的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)分析(xi)，并檢(jian)查(cha)各芯(xin)片外圍(wei)器(qi)件（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容、二(er)極(ji)管）的(de)(de)數值是(shi)(shi)否和元件表面的(de)(de)表識相一致(zhi)，檢(jian)查(cha)出(chu)(chu)(chu)是(shi)(shi)外圍(wei)器(qi)件或(huo)是(shi)(shi)集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現故(gu)障(zhang)。我們(men)可以通(tong)過更換同型(xing)號(hao)的(de)(de)器(qi)件來排(pai)除故(gu)障(zhang)。

    二、無刷控制器沒有輸(shu)出

    無(wu)刷(shua)控(kong)制(zhi)器電(dian)源與(yu)閘把的故障可以參考有刷(shua)控(kong)制(zhi)器的故障排除方法予以排除。

    三(san)、飛(fei)車

    飛車故障(zhang)一般是(shi)由MOS管擊穿(chuan)引(yin)(yin)起的。判斷MOS管好(hao)壞的方法(fa)，可用(yong)萬用(yong)表的二極管檔位測(ce)量MOS管三個引(yin)(yin)腳，應(ying)該沒(mei)有短路現象(xiang)。如果MOS管損壞，則可以通過更換同型號的器件來排除故障(zhang)。

    四、有刷控制器(qi)部件(jian)的電源不正常

    控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)內部電(dian)源(yuan)一(yi)般(ban)采用三(san)端穩壓(ya)(ya)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)器(qi)，一(yi)般(ban)用7805、7806、7812、7815規格的(de)(de)穩壓(ya)(ya)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路，它們(men)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)分別是5V、6V、12V、15V。將萬用表(biao)(biao)設置在(zai)直流電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)+20V（DC）檔位，將萬用表(biao)(biao)筆(bi)黑表(biao)(biao)筆(bi)與紅表(biao)(biao)筆(bi)分別靠在(zai)轉把的(de)(de)黑線和紅線上(shang)，觀察萬用表(biao)(biao)讀數是否與標稱電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相符，它們(men)的(de)(de)上(shang)下電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)差不應超過(guo)0.2V，否則說明(ming)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)內部電(dian)源(yuan)出(chu)現(xian)故(gu)障了。一(yi)般(ban)有刷控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)可以通過(guo)更換三(san)端穩壓(ya)(ya)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路排除故(gu)障。

    五(wu)、無(wu)刷控(kong)制器完全沒有輸出(chu)

    參照無刷控(kong)制器主相位檢查測(ce)量圖(tu)，用萬用表直(zhi)流電壓+50V檔，檢測(ce)6路MOS管(guan)柵極電壓是(shi)否(fou)與轉把的(de)轉動(dong)角(jiao)呈對應關系(xi)。如果沒有(you)對應關系(xi)，表示控(kong)制器里的(de)PWM電路或MOS管(guan)驅(qu)動(dong)電路有(you)故障(zhang)。參照無刷控(kong)制器主相位檢查圖(tu)，測(ce)量芯片的(de)輸入(ru)輸出引腳的(de)電壓是(shi)否(fou)與轉把轉動(dong)角(jiao)度有(you)對應關系(xi)，可以判(pan)斷出是(shi)哪些芯片有(you)故障(zhang)。更換同(tong)型(xing)號芯片即可排除(chu)故障(zhang)。

    六(liu)、電路元件的(de)更(geng)換(huan)方法與注意(yi)事(shi)項

    在(zai)檢測出集成電路、MOS管(guan)損壞的情(qing)況下，就(jiu)需(xu)要更(geng)換(huan)集成電路、MOS管(guan)，下面介紹一些常用的操作方法。

    1、拆卸集成電路

    拆卸時(shi)，用酒精燈(deng)火(huo)焰(yan)外焰(yan)加熱印刷電(dian)路板焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)成(cheng)電(dian)路引腳焊(han)(han)(han)盤，快速(su)均(jun)勻地(di)移動(dong)印刷電(dian)路板，直至所(suo)有焊(han)(han)(han)盤的焊(han)(han)(han)錫融化，用鑷子(zi)將(jiang)集成(cheng)電(dian)路從印刷電(dian)路板上取下。焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)時(shi)，將(jiang)焊(han)(han)(han)孔(kong)里的焊(han)(han)(han)錫清除干凈，將(jiang)集成(cheng)電(dian)路插裝好(hao)，用接(jie)(jie)地(di)良好(hao)的電(dian)烙鐵迅速(su)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)好(hao)各(ge)引腳。注意速(su)度要快，以(yi)免因焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)時(shi)間(jian)長，引起局(ju)部(bu)溫度過高(gao)，損壞電(dian)路或(huo)焊(han)(han)(han)盤。

2、拆卸功率器件

    拆(chai)卸(xie)時(shi)，將(jiang)MOS管(guan)或(huo)三端穩(wen)壓的管(guan)腳(jiao)剪斷，然(ran)后分別(bie)焊下它們的引腳(jiao)，這樣可以避免拆(chai)卸(xie)大管(guan)腳(jiao)元件時(shi)損(sun)壞印刷電路板焊盤。

    3、焊(han)(han)接(jie)集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、功率器件(jian)(jian)焊(han)(han)接(jie)的竅門在于(yu)是否能一(yi)次(ci)性焊(han)(han)接(jie)好(hao)。因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)鐵是有一(yi)定熱(re)量(liang)的，如果將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)鐵長時間的停留在焊(han)(han)接(jie)處，很可(ke)能會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)鐵上的熱(re)量(liang)傳(chuan)遞到非焊(han)(han)接(jie)的部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)上，損壞高精度的部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)。這就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車電(dian)(dian)(dian)元件(jian)(jian)焊(han)(han)接(jie)時，特別值(zhi)得(de)注意(yi)的地方，以(yi)此來避免(mian)損壞元件(jian)(jian)內部(bu)(bu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。焊(han)(han)接(jie)集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、功率器件(jian)(jian)，首(shou)先要(yao)除去多余的焊(han)(han)錫，使焊(han)(han)錫