一.充電器(qi)、控制器(qi)概述(shu)

    充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車(che)四大核心部(bu)(bu)件之一，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)好壞(huai)嚴重影響著蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)主要由(you)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)濾(lv)波、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)開關、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)交(jiao)(jiao)換、恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)等(deng)幾個部(bu)(bu)分(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)。其中整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)用(yong)(yong)途是將交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)轉變為支流(liu)(liu)300V左右(you)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，通過(guo)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)交(jiao)(jiao)換，產生充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)所需的(de)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，再由(you)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)后對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，采用(yong)(yong)這種方式的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)具有(you)體積小、重量輕、效率高等(deng)優點。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)的(de)實現方式與組(zu)成(cheng)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)：目前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車(che)用(yong)(yong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)，不管有(you)刷無刷，普遍(bian)采用(yong)(yong)PWM調速方式。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)內部(bu)(bu)必(bi)須要有(you)PWM發生器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，還要有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，功(gong)率器(qi)(qi)件，功(gong)率器(qi)(qi)件驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)件驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)部(bu)(bu)件（轉把、閘(zha)把、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機霍耳等(deng)）信號采集單(dan)元與處理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，過(guo)流(liu)(liu)與欠壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。

    二.充電器的(de)使用和保養

    充電器的正確使用，不僅影響到充電器自身的可靠性(xing)和(he)使用壽命，而且還會(hui)影響到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的壽命。使用充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，請先插上充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的輸出插頭，后(hou)(hou)插輸入(ru)(ru)插頭。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)顯示紅色，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)也顯示為紅色。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿后(hou)(hou)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)為綠色。停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，請先撥下充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的輸入(ru)(ru)插頭，后(hou)(hou)撥充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的輸出插頭。通常情(qing)況下，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的過(guo)度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)過(guo)度(du)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是有害的。因此，要勤充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，不(bu)要過(guo)放(fang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

    電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的使用壽(shou)命與其(qi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深度有(you)很(hen)大關系。鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)尤其(qi)怕虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)量。虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)置(zhi)3-7天，將有(you)可能永久損壞。因(yin)此，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用過后請(qing)盡快充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。對于長期(qi)不使用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，應(ying)每(mei)隔15天左右對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)次，以補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)存放(fang)時(shi)的自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量的損失(shi)。

    充電(dian)器在(zai)使(shi)用過程中需防潮、防濕，并(bing)放置(zhi)在(zai)通(tong)風良好的地方。充電(dian)器工(gong)作時(shi)有一定的溫升，請注意(yi)散熱，通(tong)常充電(dian)時(shi)間在(zai)7-8小時(shi)，視電(dian)池的使(shi)用狀態(tai)而不同。

    充電(dian)器屬于(yu)較精(jing)密的電(dian)子設備，因此(ci)，在使用(yong)(yong)中要(yao)注(zhu)意防(fang)振動。盡(jin)量不要(yao)隨車攜(xie)帶，如確要(yao)攜(xie)帶，應(ying)(ying)將充電(dian)器用(yong)(yong)減振材料包裝好(hao)后(hou)放置于(yu)車上工具箱內(nei)，并應(ying)(ying)注(zhu)意防(fang)雨、防(fang)潮。

    三.充電器(qi)的故障(zhang)與檢修

    1、輸出電壓正(zheng)常，但充電電流(liu)很小

    遇到(dao)這(zhe)種情況時，應該(gai)檢查電壓(ya)元器件是否有接觸(chu)不良(liang)或損(sun)壞(huai)，如果一(yi)切(qie)正常，那么(me)要更(geng)換(huan)充(chong)電器來排(pai)除故障。

    2、嚴(yan)重發熱，甚至有外殼燒化(hua)變形現象

    這(zhe)主要是部分用戶(hu)經常隨車攜帶造(zao)成(cheng)部分元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)松動引起的故(gu)障。主要表(biao)現為：電(dian)壓工作狀態(tai)不正常，熱量很大，嚴重(zhong)時充電(dian)器(qi)外殼變(bian)形，電(dian)路板燒焦，導致電(dian)壓損壞。可(ke)將虛焊(han)處重(zhong)新(xin)焊(han)接好。如仍不能排除故(gu)障，則需檢(jian)查(cha)是否有元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)開路。

    3、充電時電源指示燈亮，充電指示燈橙(cheng)色

    首先請檢查(cha)一(yi)下充(chong)電器(qi)輸出插頭與電池盒的充(chong)電插頭有沒有插緊。如(ru)確定(ding)沒有問題，可檢查(cha)一(yi)下電池盒上面的保(bao)(bao)險絲是否(fou)開路或保(bao)(bao)險絲座有松動接觸不良現象。

    另外，有(you)的車型要把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池鎖(suo)打開后才能充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。如果以上故(gu)障均排(pai)除，考(kao)慮一(yi)下充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)線是(shi)否開路(lu)，可用萬用表電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓檔（200V檔）測量(liang)一(yi)下充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的空載輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，應為41-44V（配36V電(dian)(dian)(dian)池因充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)不(bu)同有(you)所不(bu)同），如果沒有(you)的話，可能是(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)線開路(lu)，并將充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)打開，換一(yi)根(gen)輸(shu)出(chu)線，即可排(pai)除故(gu)障。

    注意：在(zai)更換充(chong)電器(qi)的輸出(chu)線時，一定要(yao)注意原機的正負不要(yao)接反。

    4、電(dian)源指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)不亮(liang)，充(chong)電(dian)指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)不亮(liang)，充(chong)電(dian)指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)也不亮(liang)

    檢(jian)查充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源插頭(tou)是否(fou)連接好(hao)，可將充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)入插頭(tou)插至正常的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源插座中，若情況依舊，將充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)品外(wai)殼(ke)打(da)打(da)開，觀(guan)察一(yi)下機內保(bao)險(xian)絲(si)連接是否(fou)完(wan)好(hao)，有(you)無斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)，如(ru)沒有(you)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)，現檢(jian)查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸(shu)入線是還良好(hao)，在(zai)(zai)排除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸(shu)入線的(de)(de)故障(zhang)后，應(ying)檢(jian)查一(yi)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)板上高(gao)壓區附近的(de)(de)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)是否(fou)有(you)虛焊(han)現象。另(ling)外(wai)，開路(lu)(lu)也(ye)會(hui)引(yin)直上述故障(zhang)，如(ru)機內保(bao)險(xian)絲(si)已(yi)斷(duan)，則千萬不要更換在(zai)(zai)安培的(de)(de)保(bao)險(xian)絲(si)（充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)保(bao)險(xian)絲(si)管一(yi)般(ban)為2A），應(ying)重點檢(jian)查其元(yuan)件(jian)有(you)無損壞(huai)，如(ru)有(you)損壞(huai)，可用(yong)同類(lei)型(xing)的(de)(de)更換。

    5、發熱(re)量在，且(qie)伴有異常響聲，充不進(jin)電

    故障原因是輸出級消振阻容損壞所(suo)致。另外，元(yuan)器件的開(kai)路或虛焊也會引起上述故障。

    6、輸出部分銅箔燒斷

    打開充電器(qi)后(hou)現充電器(qi)輸出(chu)部分銅箔(bo)燒斷(duan)，這通常是將是池正負極反接的(de)結果，由(you)此而引(yin)起的(de)故障(zhang)將會導致充電器(qi)許多元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)損壞。如(ru)果充電器(qi)保險絲沒有壞，則(ze)通常更(geng)(geng)換(huan)元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)后(hou)將斷(duan)銅箔(bo)連上即可恢復(fu)正常。如(ru)果充電器(qi)的(de)保險絲已斷(duan)，則(ze)故障(zhang)較(jiao)嚴重，有可能要逐一檢查并更(geng)(geng)換(huan)各損壞元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)。

    7、工(gong)作時有(you)異常響(xiang)聲，電(dian)(dian)源指(zhi)示(shi)燈(deng)與充電(dian)(dian)指(zhi)示(shi)燈(deng)暗且(qie)閃爍

    故(gu)障原因(yin)(yin)原因(yin)(yin)是元器件

損壞(huai)(huai)，可更(geng)換損壞(huai)(huai)元器件，并使充電器輸出電壓在正常工作范圍內。

    8、輸出電壓很高

    輸出電壓(ya)很高（在(zai)于50V），其(qi)故障原因(yin)是某元器件短路(lu)或開路(lu)，具本判斷時可測量(liang)集成電路(lu)的腳(jiao)電壓(ya)。

    注(zhu)：更換后，應重新用(yong)萬用(yong)表(biao)測量車此時的充電(dian)器輸出(chu)電(dian)壓，正常(chang)值應為41-44V之(zhi)間，如果(guo)有偏差，須調整(zheng)元器件，使充電(dian)器輸出(chu)電(dian)壓保持正常(chang)。

    四.控制器故障與維修

    影響控制(zhi)器可靠性的因素(su)：控制(zhi)器的失效(xiao)，從表(biao)現形式來(lai)看，一(yi)般有(you)以下幾種：

      1、功率(lv)器件(jian)損壞；

      2、控制器內部供電電源(yuan)損壞；

      3、控制器工作時(shi)斷時(shi)續；

      4、連接(jie)線磨損(sun)及接(jie)插件不良或(huo)脫落(luo)引起控制信號丟(diu)失。

    針對以上失效形式的起因(yin)分析(xi)如下：

      A、功率器(qi)件的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)，一(yi)般有以下幾種可能：電機損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)；功率器(qi)件本身的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)差或(huo)選用等級不夠(gou)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)；器(qi)件安裝(zhuang)或(huo)振動(dong)松動(dong)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)；電機過載引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)；功率器(qi)件驅動(dong)電路損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)或(huo)參數設計不合理引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)。

      B、控制(zhi)器(qi)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)源的(de)損壞，一(yi)般有以下幾種可(ke)能(neng)：控制(zhi)器(qi)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)路短路；外圍控制(zhi)部(bu)(bu)件短路；外部(bu)(bu)引線(xian)短路。

      C、控制器(qi)(qi)(qi)工作起來時斷時續(xu)，一般有(you)以下幾種(zhong)可能(neng)：器(qi)(qi)(qi)件本身(shen)在高溫或(huo)低溫環境(jing)下參(can)數漂移；控制器(qi)(qi)(qi)總體設(she)計功耗大導致某(mou)些器(qi)(qi)(qi)件局部溫度過高而使(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件本身(shen)進(jin)入保護狀態；接觸(chu)不良。

      D、連接線磨損及接觸插件接觸不良或脫落，一般有以下幾種可能：線材選擇不合理；對線材的保護不完備；接插件的選型不好；線束與接插件的壓接不牢。
     控制器(qi)故(gu)障與(yu)檢(jian)修   通過(guo)測量控制器(qi)連接(jie)部件或引線(xian)的電源電壓(ya)(ya)或信號電壓(ya)(ya)，可分析判斷出控制器(qi)的故(gu)障所在。以下是控制器(qi)常見故(gu)障的檢(jian)測與(yu)排除方(fang)法(fa)。

    一、有刷控制器沒有輸出

    將萬用表(biao)設置在(zai)+20V（DC）檔位(wei)，先測量閘(zha)把(ba)輸出(chu)(chu)信號的(de)高、低電(dian)(dian)位(wei)。如果捏(nie)閘(zha)把(ba)時，閘(zha)把(ba)信號有超(chao)過4V的(de)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)變化，則(ze)可排除(chu)閘(zha)把(ba)故障。之后，按(an)照有刷控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)常用芯(xin)(xin)片引腳功能(neng)表(biao)，與測量出(chu)(chu)的(de)主控(kong)芯(xin)(xin)片與邏輯(ji)芯(xin)(xin)片的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓值進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)路分(fen)析(xi)，并檢查(cha)各芯(xin)(xin)片外(wai)圍器(qi)件(jian)(jian)（電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、電(dian)(dian)容、二極管）的(de)數值是(shi)否和元件(jian)(jian)表(biao)面的(de)表(biao)識相一致，檢查(cha)出(chu)(chu)是(shi)外(wai)圍器(qi)件(jian)(jian)或是(shi)集成電(dian)(dian)路出(chu)(chu)現故障。我們可以(yi)通過更換同型號的(de)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)來(lai)排除(chu)故障。

    二(er)、無刷(shua)控制器沒有輸出

    無刷控制(zhi)器電源與閘把(ba)的故(gu)障(zhang)可以(yi)參考有刷控制(zhi)器的故(gu)障(zhang)排除方法(fa)予以(yi)排除。

    三、飛車(che)

    飛車故(gu)障一般是由MOS管擊穿引起的。判斷MOS管好(hao)壞(huai)的方法，可(ke)用萬(wan)用表的二極管檔位測量(liang)MOS管三(san)個(ge)引腳，應該沒有短(duan)路現象(xiang)。如果MOS管損壞(huai)，則可(ke)以通過更(geng)換同型號的器件來(lai)排除故(gu)障。

    四(si)、有(you)刷控制(zhi)器部件的電源不正(zheng)常

    控(kong)制(zhi)器內部電(dian)源(yuan)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)采用(yong)(yong)三端穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)集(ji)成電(dian)器，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)用(yong)(yong)7805、7806、7812、7815規格的(de)(de)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)集(ji)成電(dian)路，它(ta)們的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別是5V、6V、12V、15V。將(jiang)萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)表設(she)置在直流電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)+20V（DC）檔位(wei)，將(jiang)萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)表筆黑表筆與(yu)紅(hong)表筆分別靠在轉(zhuan)把的(de)(de)黑線和(he)紅(hong)線上(shang)，觀察(cha)萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)表讀數是否(fou)與(yu)標稱電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相符(fu)，它(ta)們的(de)(de)上(shang)下(xia)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)差不應超過0.2V，否(fou)則說明控(kong)制(zhi)器內部電(dian)源(yuan)出現故(gu)障了。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)有刷控(kong)制(zhi)器可以通過更換(huan)三端穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)集(ji)成電(dian)路排除故(gu)障。

    五(wu)、無刷(shua)控制器完(wan)全沒有輸出(chu)

    參照無刷控制(zhi)器(qi)主(zhu)相(xiang)位檢查(cha)測量圖，用(yong)萬用(yong)表直流電(dian)(dian)壓+50V檔，檢測6路(lu)MOS管柵極電(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)否與轉把(ba)的轉動角呈對應(ying)(ying)關系。如果沒有(you)對應(ying)(ying)關系，表示控制(zhi)器(qi)里的PWM電(dian)(dian)路(lu)或MOS管驅動電(dian)(dian)路(lu)有(you)故障(zhang)。參照無刷控制(zhi)器(qi)主(zhu)相(xiang)位檢查(cha)圖，測量芯片(pian)的輸入輸出(chu)(chu)引腳(jiao)的電(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)否與轉把(ba)轉動角度(du)有(you)對應(ying)(ying)關系，可以判斷出(chu)(chu)是(shi)哪些(xie)芯片(pian)有(you)故障(zhang)。更換同型號芯片(pian)即可排除故障(zhang)。

    六(liu)、電路元件的(de)更換方法與(yu)注意(yi)事項

    在(zai)檢測出集成電(dian)路(lu)、MOS管損壞(huai)的情況(kuang)下，就需(xu)要更換集成電(dian)路(lu)、MOS管，下面介紹一些(xie)常用的操作方法(fa)。

    1、拆卸集成電路

    拆卸時(shi)(shi)，用(yong)(yong)酒精燈(deng)火焰外焰加熱印刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)路板(ban)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路引腳焊(han)(han)(han)(han)盤，快速(su)均勻地(di)移動印刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)路板(ban)，直至所有焊(han)(han)(han)(han)盤的焊(han)(han)(han)(han)錫融化，用(yong)(yong)鑷(nie)子將集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路從印刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)路板(ban)上(shang)取下。焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)時(shi)(shi)，將焊(han)(han)(han)(han)孔里的焊(han)(han)(han)(han)錫清除(chu)干(gan)凈，將集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路插裝好(hao)，用(yong)(yong)接(jie)(jie)地(di)良好(hao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)烙鐵迅(xun)速(su)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)好(hao)各引腳。注意速(su)度(du)要快，以免因(yin)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)時(shi)(shi)間長，引起局(ju)部溫度(du)過高，損(sun)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)路或焊(han)(han)(han)(han)盤。

2、拆卸功率器件

    拆(chai)卸時，將MOS管(guan)或(huo)三端穩壓的管(guan)腳(jiao)剪斷(duan)，然后分(fen)別焊(han)下它(ta)們的引腳(jiao)，這樣可以(yi)避免拆(chai)卸大管(guan)腳(jiao)元件時損壞印刷電路板焊(han)盤(pan)。

    3、焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)路、功率器件焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)竅門在(zai)于是(shi)否能一(yi)次性焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)好(hao)。因為電(dian)烙(luo)鐵是(shi)有(you)一(yi)定熱量的(de)(de)(de)，如果將電(dian)烙(luo)鐵長(chang)時間的(de)(de)(de)停留在(zai)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)處，很(hen)可能會(hui)使電(dian)烙(luo)鐵上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)熱量傳遞到非焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)部件上(shang)，損(sun)壞(huai)高精度的(de)(de)(de)部件。這就(jiu)是(shi)電(dian)動車電(dian)元(yuan)件焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)時，特別值得注意的(de)(de)(de)地方，以此來避免損(sun)壞(huai)元(yuan)件內部的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)路。焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)路、功率器件，首(shou)先要除去多余的(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)(han)錫，使焊(han)(han)(han)錫